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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.core adj.　　　　 核心的;最重要的
n. 核心,最重要的部分
2.substantial adj. 大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的
3.embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受;包含;拥抱
4.principle n. 道德原则;法则;信条
5.barely adv. 刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才
6.decent adj. 正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的
7.superb adj. 极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的
8.wrinkle n. 皱纹;褶皱,皱痕
vt.& vi. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起
9.virtue n. 美德;正直的品性;优点
10.integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好
11.mineral n. 矿物,矿物质
12.bonus n. 意外收获;奖金,红利
13.quote n. 引语
vt.& vi. 引用,引述;举例说明
14.anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 抛锚;使固定
15.arrest n.& vt. 逮捕,拘捕
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a worthwhile career　 一项值得从事的事业
2.at least two or three inches 至少两三英寸
3.outline the history of his career 概述他的职业生涯
4.relieve the burden of the family 减轻家庭的负担
5.resign from my present job 辞去我现在的工作
6.forgive me for interrupting you 请原谅我打断了你
7.be cheated by false information 被虚假信息欺骗
8.tear off the wrapping paper 撕下包装纸
9.bow to the audience 向观众鞠躬
10.after a brief pause 短暂的停顿之后
11.pretend to be doing her homework假装在做她的家庭作业
12.It’s a great privilege to know you. 很荣幸能认识你。
13.meet deadlines for your schoolwork在最后期限前完成你的学校作业
14.find fault with my work 挑剔我的工作
15.be keen to learn about China 渴望了解中国
16.sow the seeds of love 播下爱的种子
17.electric wire 电线
18.the grain harvest 谷物的收成
19.organic food 有机食物
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.appoint vt.　　 任命;委任
appointment n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务
appointed adj. 指定的,约定的
2.rely vi. 依赖,依靠;信赖,信任
reliable adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的
3.bless vt. (表示惊奇);祝福
blessing n. 上帝的恩宠;祝福;祝颂;赞同
4.suspect vt.& vi. 疑有,觉得;认为
n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象
suspicion n. 怀疑;疑心
suspicious adj. 怀疑的;可疑的
5.innocent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的
n. 无辜者,单纯的人
innocence n. 清白,无辜;无罪;天真,纯真
6.legal adj. 合法的;法律的
legally adv. 合法地;法律上
illegal adj. 不合法的
7.social adj. 社会的;社交的
society n. 社会
socialist adj. 社会主义的
n. 社会主义者
socialism n. 社会主义
8.shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;让人遗憾的事
ashamed adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
9.disappoint vt. 使失望,使破灭
disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望;沮丧;使人失望的人(或事物)
10.mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕
merciful adj. 仁慈的;宽大的
11.guide vt. 带领;引导
n. 向导
guidance n. 指导;导航
12.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.on the beat 　　　　 在巡逻中
2.make one’s fortune 发财
3.lose contact 失去联系
4.arm in arm 臂挽着臂
5.under arrest 被逮捕
6.make a difference 有影响;起作用;有关系
7.in store 贮藏着;等待着;将要发生
8.go through 经历;仔细检查;通过
9.turn up 出现,到场;卷起;调大
10.tear down 拆毁,拆除
11.at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置,对……无能为力
12.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安,加重……的思想负担
13.pull out 离开,撤离;拔出
14.keep an appointment with 赴约,履行约定
15.stare at 盯着
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.In the doorway of a store stood a man,with an unlit cigar in his mouth. (完全倒装)
一个男人站在一家店门口,嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
2.Well,we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time,no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. (no matter what引导让步状语从句)
那天晚上我们约定,从那日那刻起,不管日后各自情况如何,不管距离多远,都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿重聚。
3.Honoured guests,teachers and students,it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. (it作形式主语)
尊敬的来宾、老师们、同学们,今天我很高兴,也很荣幸地欢迎你们来到这里,并在这个特别的场合发表我的看法。
4.Always give your best in whatever you set out to do,however difficult that might be. (疑问词 ever引导从句)
无论你们要着手做什么,无论那有多么困难,都要全力以赴。
5.Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. (祈使句+and+陈述句)
今天播下成功的种子,明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。
词汇横拓串记
后缀 ance名词集锦 courage家族团聚 “看”之家族小结
①guide→guidance指引;指导 ②appear→appearance出现;外貌 ③perform→performance表演;节目 ④enter→entrance进入 ⑤assist→assistance帮助,援助 ⑥accept→acceptance接受 ⑦resist→resistance抵制 ①courage n.勇气 ②encourage vt.鼓励 ③encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 ④encouragement n.鼓励 ⑤discourage vt.使泄气 ⑥discouraged adj.灰心的,泄气的 ⑦discouragement n.泄气;灰心 ①stare at凝视 ②glare at怒目而视 ③glance at瞥一眼 ④gaze at凝视,盯住 ⑤peep/peek at瞥见 ⑥catch sight of看见 ⑦catch a glimpse of瞥一眼
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.barely ten o’clock at night 晚上近十点钟
2.a bottle of mineral water 一瓶矿物质水
3.three fundamental principles 三个基本原则
4.a cosy and decent life 舒适而体面的生活
5.the core meaning 核心意义
6.see a substantial decrease 见证了大幅减少
7.the incredible and superb scenery 令人难以置信的壮丽的风景
8.a wrinkled face 满脸皱纹
9.embrace the next phase of one’s life拥抱某人人生的下一个阶段
10.practise the virtue of integrity 践行正直的美德
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.outline vt.　　　 概述,略述
n. 概述;轮廓线,略图
2.resign vt.&.vi. 辞职,辞去
3.bow n. 蝴蝶结;弓
vi. 鞠躬;低(头)
4.pause vi. 停顿,暂停
n. 停顿,停顿的时间
5.pretend vi.& vt. 假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
6.privilege n. 荣幸;特殊利益
vt. 给予特权,特别优待
7.cheat vt. 欺骗,蒙骗
vi. 作弊,舞弊
8.fault n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点
9.wrap vt. 包,裹;用……缠绕
n. 披肩,围巾;包裹材料
10.burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担,负担
11.forgive vt. & vi. 原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
12.deadline n. 最后期限,截止日期
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕
merciful adj. 仁慈的;宽大的
2.rely vi. 依赖,依靠;信赖,信任
reliable adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的
3.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的
4.legal adj. 合法的;法律的
legally adv. 合法地;法律上
illegal adj. 不合法的
5.bless vt. (表示惊奇);祝福
blessing n. 上帝的恩宠;祝福;祝颂;赞同
6.appoint v. 任命;委任
appointment n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务
appointed adj. 指定的,约定的
7.suspect vt.& vi. 疑有,觉得;认为
n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象
suspicion n. 怀疑;疑心
suspicious adj. 怀疑的;可疑的
8.shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;让人遗憾的事
ashamed adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
9.disappoint vt. 使失望,使破灭
disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望;沮丧;使人失望的人(或事物)
10.guide vt. 带领;引导
n. 向导
guidance n. 指导;导航
11.innocent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的
n. 无辜者,单纯的人
innocence n. 清白,无辜;无罪;天真,纯真
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.tear down　　　　 拆毁,拆除
2.pull out 离开,撤离;拔出
3.under arrest 被逮捕
4.at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置,对……无能为力
5.turn up 出现,到场;卷起;调大
6.lose contact 失去联系
7.make a difference 有影响;起作用;有关系
8.in store 贮藏着;等待着;将要发生
9.go through 经历;仔细检查;通过
10.stare at 盯着
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
Take a proper amount of exercise every day,and you will become healthier and stronger.
每天做适当的锻炼,你就会变得更健康、更强壮。
2.句型公式:no matter what引导让步状语从句
You have to remember that no matter what the world turns out to be,you have to be kind.
你要记住,不管世界变成什么样,你都要善良。
3.句型公式:完全倒装
There comes a time when an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of online learning.
越来越多的人通过网络学习来获取知识的时代到了。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.She acknowledged cheating in the exam and felt ashamed of it.
2.He wrapped his arms around me and whispered,“You are bound to succeed.”
3.“Yeah!” David smiled weakly,bowing his head.
4.After he resigned from the post,he was dedicated to helping the disabled.
5.This morning my classmate forgave me for what I said last night.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Whenever I encounter some unfortunate events, I will rely on my faithful and reliable friend. (rely)
2.Judging from his disappointed look,his boss was disappointed with his disappointing performance.So to his disappointment,he didn’t get promoted. (disappoint)
3.I feel ashamed of my shameful action,which is a shame to me. (shame)
4.Without your guidance and encouragement,we couldn’t have made such great progress,so we decide to engage you as our guide. (guide)
5.We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison. (legal)
Ⅲ.短语填空
turn up　at the mercy of sb/sth　stare at　make a difference　go through
1.It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering they went through in the war.
2.Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
3.More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
4.Without a sure supply of water,farming in that area remains at the mercy of the weather.
5.We lay on the grass,staring at the night sky which was spotted with twinkling stars.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A socialist’s nephew was keen 1.on making his fortune to relieve his family of financial burden.At first,he worked at a mineral water factory.2.However,the bonus there was discouraging and his income 3.barely (bare) supported his family.Therefore,he resigned.Since then the socialist has lost contact with him.
Two years later,the socialist was informed that his nephew 4.was suspected (suspect) of being involved in a diamond and jade theft.5.Hearing (hear) the disappointing news,the socialist was 6.ashamed (shame) and determined that he would send him to prison without mercy.It was just two months later 7.that the suspect made an 8.appointment (appoint) with his uncle secretly.On seeing his nephew,the socialist tried to persuade him 9.to acknowledge (acknowledge) his criminal conduct.Watching the wrinkles on his uncle’s face,the young man felt guilty about his illegal acts and 10.admitted (admit) his fault.In the end,they went to the police station arm in arm.
1.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint vt.任命(assign);委任;安排→appointed adj.指定的,约定的
佳句背诵　
Learning that he was to take up an appointment as head of the team,he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house. (动作+心理描写)
得知自己将被任命为队长,他无法抑制兴奋,雀跃着进了家门。
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
make an appointment with sb 与某人约会/预约
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委任某人做某事
以练促学　单句写作
①Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Union,I convey my sincere congratulations to you. (祝贺信)
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我特来向你表达我真诚的祝贺。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Because I have made/had an appointment with the dentist,I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time. (道歉信,2021·北京卷)
由于我已经和牙医预约,非常抱歉我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
2.suspect vt.& vi.疑有,觉得;认为n.嫌疑犯,可疑对象→suspicion n.怀疑;疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的;可疑的
佳句背诵　
I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money. (情绪描写)
我伤心欲绝,因为我被怀疑偷了他的钱。
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是……
suspect that... 怀疑……
以练促学　单句写作
①We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon,but actually he made it with strong willpower.
我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松,但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。
教考衔接　单句写作
②On his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when (he is) suspected of drug dealing. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
在去布哈拉的路上,他体验了一把被怀疑涉嫌毒品交易时警察所采取的手段。
3.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→shame n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;令人遗憾的事→shameful adj.
可耻的;丢脸的
佳句背诵　
Anxious and ashamed,I said nothing,wondering if he would fire me right away.
我又焦虑又羞愧,什么也没说,心里想着他会不会马上解雇我。
be ashamed of... 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed to do... 耻于做……;因做……而羞愧
It’s a shame/pity that... ……是令人遗憾的事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was ashamed of not finishing his task before the deadline.
②I was so ashamed that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes. (心理描写)
我是如此羞愧,以至于我感觉心如刀绞,眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
教考衔接　单句写作
③It’s a shame/pity that ocean pollution is getting more and more serious.There is an urgent need to come up with some achievable measures to protect oceans. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
遗憾的是海洋污染变得越来越严重。现在急需想出一些可行的措施来保护海洋。
4.forgive (forgave,forgiven) vt.& vi.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)→forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
佳句背诵　
Please forgive my misunderstanding and let it give way to a better mutual understanding between us.　请原谅我的误会,让它为我们之间更好的相互理解让路。
原谅某人(做)某事
forgive and forget 冰释前嫌
以练促学　单句写作
①Please forgive me for having/forgive my having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.
请原谅我占用了你这么多时间,请接受我最美好的祝愿,祝你健康幸福。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Please forgive me for not going out with you as promised and I want to express my sincere apology again. (道歉信,2021·北京卷)
请原谅我不能如约和你一起外出,我想再次表达我诚挚的歉意。
5.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→disappointment n.[U]失望;沮丧[C]使人失望的人(或事物)→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望,使破灭
佳句背诵　
At that time,depressed and disappointed,I didn’t know how to change the terrible situation. (情绪描写)
在那时,我既沮丧又失望,不知道如何改变这种糟糕的情况。
be disappointed at/by/in/with... 对……失望
be disappointed to do... 因做……而失望
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
以练促学　一句多译
①让我失望的是,只有18%的学生选择通过读书来学习。
→To my disappointment,only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books. (disappointment n.)
→What disappoints me is that only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books. (disappoint vt.)
→Only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books, which made me disappointed. (disappointed adj.)
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
②But that leaves the solo customers out of pocket and disappointed (disappoint). (2024·浙江1月卷)
③After being told that the cash machine still did not play along, Gunter let out a long sigh, with his subtle expression displaying a sign of disappointment. (动作+神情描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在被告知自动取款机仍然不能使用后,冈特长叹一声,他微妙的表情流露出失望的迹象。
片段巩固 用appointment;suspect;ashamed;forgive;disappointed完成“约会迟到”片段
写作提示:昨天和朋友约会→我迟到→朋友失望,怀疑我不在乎我们的见面→我感到羞愧→请求原谅→承诺不会再发生→朋友露出满意的笑容
　　Yesterday, I had an appointment with my friend, but I was late.My friend looked disappointed and suspected that I didn’t care about our meeting. I felt very ashamed of my behavior and sincerely asked him to forgive me. I also promised that it would never happen again.Hearing this,my friend smiled with satisfaction.
6.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
佳句背诵　
When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won’t pretend to have known it, but turn to my classmates or teachers. (观点态度,2021·全国乙卷)
当我在学习中遇到难题时,我会向同学们或老师求助,而不是不懂装懂。
pretend
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do (do) things that are impossible.
②To ease my embarrassment,I pretended to be reading (read) when my mother entered.
教考衔接　单句写作
③She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist. (2024·浙江1月卷)
她决定记住她的班级在哪里,然后假装其他地方不存在。
7.privilege n.荣幸;特殊利益vt.给予特权,特别优待→privileged adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
佳句背诵　
It is a privilege to invite you to our program for a live talk show. (邀请信,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
很荣幸邀请您参加我们的现场访谈节目。
It is a privilege to do sth. 做某事是一种殊荣。
have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有幸做某事/有特权做某事
be/feel privileged to do sth 有幸做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege to enter (enter) the ward freely.
②I have the privilege of delivering the speech at the graduation ceremony, knowing that my hard work and dedication had led me to this proud moment. (演讲稿)
很荣幸能够在毕业典礼上发表演讲,我知道正是努力和奉献让我拥有了这一自豪的时刻。
教考衔接　一句多译
③我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。 (发言稿,2021·全国乙卷)
→It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.
→I am/feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.
8.tear down拆毁,拆除
佳句背诵　
They decided to tear down the old building and construct a new one.
他们决定拆除旧楼并建造新楼。
tear off 撕掉,扯下
tear up 撕碎;撕毁
tear apart 扯开,拆散,使分裂
tear sth to/into pieces 把……撕成碎片
以练促学　单句写作
①Angry and heartbroken,the young man tore the letter to/into pieces. (动作描写)
那年轻人又气又伤心,把信撕成了碎片。
②She screamed,grabbed the painting on the table and tore it up/apart. (动作链)
她尖叫着,抓起桌子上的画把它撕了。
③The lightning,looking like a snake,tore the dark sky apart. (环境描写)
闪电,看起来像一条蛇,撕裂了黑暗的天空。
教考衔接　单句写作
④To our relief,the helicopter arrived before the bear tore down the fence. (浙江7月卷)
使我们松了一口气的是,直升机在熊拆毁篱笆之前就到了。
9.arm in arm臂挽着臂
佳句背诵　
Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. (场景描写)
看着那对老夫妇臂挽着臂走在沙滩上,我有一种幸福感。
hand in hand 手拉手;携手
face to face 面对面
back to back 背靠背;接连地
shoulder to shoulder=side by side 肩并肩
eyes to eyes 四目相对
heart to heart 心贴心
step by step 一步一步地
以练促学　用“n.+介词+ n.”短语填空
①There were two children ahead,walking side by side/shoulder to shoulder.
②Guilty and ashamed,he came into his teacher’s office to beg for his forgiveness face to face.
③The firefighter,severely injured and losing contact with his fellows,stood on his feet and walked towards the exit step by step.
教考衔接　单句写作
④Only when all of us join hand in hand to fight against ocean pollution can we have a better environment. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
只有当我们所有人携起手来与海洋污染作斗争时,我们才能有一个更好的环境。
片段巩固 用pretend;privilege;tear down;arm in arm完成“戏剧表演”的片段
写作提示:学生们为能参加演出而感到很荣幸→他们臂挽着臂,假装是观众,为演出喝彩→再一次分享戏剧给他们带来的快乐→随后,工作人员开始拆除舞台布景
　　After the school play, the students felt a great privilege to have been part of such a memorable performance. They were arm in arm, pretending to be audiences to cheer for the performance, sharing the joy the play had brought them once again. After that, workers began to tear down the stage set.
句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
课本原句:Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子,明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。
佳句背诵　
Follow the suggestions above,and you will get your written English improved. (建议信)
听从以上建议,你的书面英语会得到提升。
(1)“祈使句+and+陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句+or+陈述句”相当于“if+否定条件状语从句+主句”。
(3)“名词词组+and+陈述句”也有上述句式功能,名词词组中常含有more,another等词。
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①A bit more effort,and you will settle the problem.
②Don’t be too talkative,or you may leave a poor impression on others.
③If you apply yourself to your learning,you can make much more progress sooner or later.
→Apply yourself to your learning,and you can make much more progress sooner or later. (祈使句+and+陈述句)
教考衔接　单句写作
④I encouraged David,“Cheer up!Make more efforts/More efforts and you will reach the finishing line soon.” (语言描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我鼓励大卫道:“振作起来!再努力一点,你很快就要到达终点了。”
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The police have narrowed down their list of suspects. n.嫌疑犯
2.He wrinkled his forehead,confused and worried by the strange event. vt.使起皱纹,皱起
3.As is known to all,dogs have a keen sense of smell. adj.灵敏的,敏锐的
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
arrest vt.逮捕,拘捕;吸引(注意);中止;阻止 n.逮捕,拘捕;停止;中止
1.The escaped prisoner got arrested immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again. vt.逮捕,拘捕
2.Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her. vt.吸引(注意)
3.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year’s election.
n.逮捕,拘捕
4.The treatment arrested the growth of the disease. vt.中止;阻止
维度二　核心知识运用
1.I was appointed (appoint) to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
2.I learnt a lot from this incident, such as help, honesty and forgiveness (forgive).
3.The comedian pretended to have solved (solve) the difficult problem and left the company, with his face blushing.
4.Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged (discourage) and give up
5.The police had to employ force to enter (enter) the building.
6.Seize the chance to consult the specialist face to face,or you will regret it.
7.We are looking for someone who is reliable (rely) and hard working.
8.Suspected (suspect) to be a spy,the stranger is being questioned by the police.
9.The two young men were arrested (arrest) for dangerous driving that night.
10.She was highly self critical and also found fault with her friends.
11.To pursue money,some people killed endangered animals without mercy.
12.The specialist was ashamed of being late for such an important meeting and missed the intense discussion.
维度三　完成句子
1.You had better treat others with respect and kindness, no matter what happens and wherever you are.
无论发生什么,无论你在哪里,你最好都要尊重和善待他人。
2.To their disappointment,they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.
让他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做出母亲节的早餐。
3.He sought his fortune in a big city two months ago,and unfortunately,he failed to make a fortune.
两个月前他到一个大城市去碰运气,不幸的是他没能发财。
4.We heard that the driver of the car,who was responsible for the accident,had been under arrest.
我们听说对事故负有责任的汽车司机已被逮捕。
5.Jane decided to make an appointment with her doctor after feeling unwell for several days.
简感觉不舒服好几天了,决定预约医生。
6.At the mercy of the strong wind,the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风的摆布下,山顶上的小树都站不直了。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(发言稿——爱戴的人)
你校正在组织英语演讲比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为话题,写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴他/她的原因。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①我很荣幸能站在这里发表一篇关于我最尊敬的人的演讲。 (privilege,it作形式主语)
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about the person I respect most.
②说到我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的叔叔。他总是热衷于帮助别人。 (keen,定语从句)
When it comes to the person I respect most,I have to mention my uncle,who is always keen on helping others.
③他既热情又值得信赖,总是第一个向有困难的人伸出援手。 (reliable,形容词作状语,动词不定式作定语)
Warm hearted and reliable,he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.
④每当我灰心丧气时,就是他不遗余力地帮助我克服困难。 (discouraged,强调句型)
Whenever I am discouraged,it is he that/who spares no effort to assist me to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties.
⑤在他的指导下,我学会了做一些改变世界的事情是值得的。 (guidance,worthwhile)
Under the guidance of him,I have learned that it’s worthwhile to do something to make a difference to the world.
⑥这就是我的叔叔,一个正派的人,从他身上我学会了如何做一个有崇高美德的人。(decent,virtue,完全倒装句,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
Such is my uncle,a decent man,from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Hello everyone,
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about the person I respect most.When it comes to the person I respect most,I have to mention my uncle,who is always keen on helping others.
Warm hearted and reliable,he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.Whenever I am discouraged,it is he that/who spares no effort to assist me to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties.Under the guidance of him,I have learned that it’s worthwhile to do something to make a difference to the world.
Such is my uncle,a decent man,from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:汤姆是一个冲浪者,对海洋和冲浪充满热情。他在训练中突遇鲨鱼袭击,严重受伤并接受救治。在漫长而痛苦的康复过程中,汤姆凭借坚强的意志和亲友的支持,逐步恢复体力和信心,最终重返赛场,再次参与竞赛。
场景续写1:
再次站在起跑线前,汤姆感到紧张→鲨鱼袭击的往事在脑海中闪现→他把这些往事抛到一边→集中精力应对眼前的任务→提醒自己为了走到这一步所付出的所有努力→出发信号响起时,汤姆坚定地划向海浪→划浪时感到兴奋
Standing in front of the starting line again,Tom felt nervous.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　场景续写2:
汤姆跌入海中→他没有惊慌→迅速爬回冲浪板→他知道挫折是这项运动的一部分,不能让这些挫折使他气馁→重新划向波浪并再次尝试→一直冲浪到岸边→感受到胜利的兴奋→自己再次克服了障碍,实现了梦想
Tom fell into the sea.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Standing in front of the starting line again,Tom felt nervous.The memories of the shark attack flashed through his mind,but he pushed them aside and focused on the task at hand.He took a deep breath and reminded himself of all the hard work he had put in to get to this point.As the starting signal sounded,Tom paddled out to the wave with determination.He felt the familiar rush of adrenaline as he caught the wave and stood up on his surfboard.
Tom fell into the sea.But instead of panicking,he stayed calm and quickly climbed back onto his surfboard.He knew that setbacks were part of the sport and that he couldn’t let them discourage him.He paddled back out to the wave and tried again.This time,he rode the wave all the way to the shore,feeling the thrill of victory as he emerged from the water.The crowd cheered as Tom walked up the beach,knowing that he had overcome a huge obstacle and achieved his dream once again.
　　(2023·全国乙卷阅读B)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake,Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄日常。为了拍出优秀的风景照,摄影师付出了很多,其中不乏艰辛,当然有收获也有遗憾。
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots...the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知,作者和他的朋友们到州公园或农村去拍照,以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战,故选B项。]
25.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management.
B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D.Distinctive styles.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一句验证了作者所说,故选A项。]
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“However,we did not mark the route (路线)...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知,文中描述的是作者和朋友几乎完全错过了日落,之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了,也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚,故选C项。]
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still,looking back on the photos...if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”可知,虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾,作者依然认为这是一些令人满意的照片,故选B项。]
思维建模
记叙文文体特点
1.体裁解读:记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来,描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体,都属于记叙文的范畴。
2.写作特色:记叙文一般是按时间或按事件的重要性顺序来展开,最后经常会用一两句话来抒发作者的情感与感悟,这是记叙文的精华,是阅读的难点所在,可谓“一篇之妙,在于落句”。
3.线索情节:贯穿全文的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的线索、人物思想感情变化或作者思想感情变化的线索、时间顺序的线索等等,分析线索有助于把握行文的思路和全文的结构。
4.记叙顺序:记叙文的叙事顺序主要有顺叙和倒叙,也可能有插叙。遇到倒叙的记叙文,阅读时要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.2:character n.(地方的)特色,特性;Para.3:destination n.目的地; sunset n.日落;Para.4:position n.位置; background n.背景 Para.1:become a photographer成为摄影师; Para.2:travel with friends和朋友们旅行;Para.3:on the spot在现场;miss the moment错过时刻;beautiful sunsets/sunrises美丽的日落/日出;Para.4:mark the route标记路线; manage one’s time wisely明智地管理时间
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句结构为主系表;现在分词短语looking back on the photos作状语;though引导让步状语从句,从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍是我拍的最好的一些照片,不过,如果我当时能准备充分并明智地管理时间,它们本可以拍得好很多。 [语言赏析]　句子通过though连接两个相对立的陈述,前半部分表达了对照片的肯定,即“它们是我最好的拍摄作品中的一些”,而后半部分则表达了一种遗憾,即“它们本可以更好”。这种对比的逻辑结构增强了句子的表达效果,使得作者的反思更加深刻。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·连云港高三模拟)
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.Ten years ago,she and her family moved to a new home in Austin,Texas.
One day,Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party.She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake.“After the party,I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard,just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out.They played games,did crafts and ate snacks.“We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says.“We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too.A movement was born.“It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says.The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too messy,it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time.“Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community.“People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,”she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings,thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world.Not all of them are actually turquoise.“No matter what color it is,it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯汀·谢尔在前院放置的一张青绿色餐桌使她加强了与邻居乃至陌生人的友好联系,也激励了更多人参与到这场社交的运动之中。
1.Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A.To host more parties in her front yard.
B.To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C.To engage with people in the neighbourhood.
D.To create harmonious communities worldwide.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段、第二段的第一句以及第四段中的“It was a simple way...connect with others”可知,克里斯汀·谢尔发起这项运动的目的是与邻居接触,故选C项。]
2.Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable.
B.Friendly and humorous.
C.Generous and ambitious.
D.Cautious and responsible.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘After the party...from the sidewalk,’she says.”以及后文Kristin后来发起了“绿松石桌”运动可知,克里斯汀有创造性。再根据第四段中的“Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.”可知,克里斯汀是一个热情、好交际的人,故选A项。]
3.What can be inferred from the text
A.People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B.The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C.Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D.People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A decade after their Texas beginnings...around the world.”可知,这场运动在国内外都产生了巨大的影响,故选B项。]
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Love Your Neighbors
B.An Amazing Woman
C.Happy Front Yard Time
D.Tables Where All Are Welcome
答案　D　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述克里斯汀·谢尔因为在前院偶然放置的一张青绿色餐桌,与邻居和陌生人建立了联系,也影响了全世界的很多人。因此D项“欢迎所有人的桌子”可作为本文的最佳标题,故选D项。]
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述两种关于原谅的观点告诉读者原谅他人的能力是可以通过实践练习提升。
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In his opinion,forgivers are compromising...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故选D项。]
6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推出,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配就是伤害”,故选B项。]
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A.Favorable. B.Reserved.
C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies...Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,治愈关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故选A项。]
8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案　C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...develops with practice.”可知,作者认为人们不一定生来就有原谅的能力,但都可以学习并提升这一能力,并随实践而发展。由此可知,本段主要说明学会原谅需要实践,故选C项。]
(2025·南京师大附中高三模拟)
On Monday,a lawsuit (诉讼) in the US got huge headlines around the world.It deals with a truly 21st century issue—whether human genes (基因) may be patented.
Myriad Genetics,a biotechnology company,discovered two genes—BRCA 1 and BRCA 2—that are highly related to breast cancer.Myriad patented its discoveries and a group of researchers challenged that the patent was illegal.
The US patent law protects the temporary economic rewards inventors get from their inventions.But it also says a product of nature or a law of nature can’t be patented.For example,Einstein couldn’t patent on his discovery of E=mc2.
And until relatively recently,many of the medical researchers voluntarily gave up patents on their inventions.When Dr.Jonas Salk,the inventor of the polio vaccine (小儿麻痹症疫苗),was asked in 1955 whether he had a patent on the vaccine,he replied,“Could you patent the sun ”
Myriad Genetics,however,says that the genes it identified are not like the sun.It notes that there are 20,000 genes in the human body and that it has sorted through all those genes and found the two that are closely related to breast cancer.
Not so,say those challenging the patent.Human genes are products of nature.They are just a part of the human body.“All Myriad does is take the part out of the body,” says the challengers’ lawyer,Christopher Hansen.“Can the person who first takes the heart out of the body patent on hearts ”
Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.“At some level it is about money,” he says,“because medicine doesn’t happen for free.The patent system is very important to encourage companies to spend more money on scientific research and development.”
Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation Most countries approve patents on genes,but they also allow other scientists to use the genes freely to do research and develop new medicines and testing methods.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了Myriad Genetics是否应该申请专利保护其新发现的致癌基因的问题。
9.Which of the following can be patented according to the US patent law
A.The law of gravity force.
B.A unique orbit found in space.
C.A new medicine based on BRCA 1.
D.The basic working principle of planes.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The US patent law...nature can’t be patented.”可推知,基于BRCA 1的新药应该可以申请专利,故选C项。]
10.What is Christopher Hansen’s argument against the patent
A.A product of nature can’t be patented.
B.Public interests should be put before profits.
C.It is unacceptable to the other countries in the world.
D.The connection between genes and cancers is not obvious.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Not so,say those challenging the...a part of the human body.”可知,Christopher Hansen 反对的依据是基因BRCA 1及BRCA 2是已经存在的自然物,所以不能申请专利,故选A项。]
11.What does the underlined phrase “down to earth” in paragraph 7 mean
A.Angry. B.Rude.
C.Smart D.Practical.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At some level...on scientific research and development.”可知,Rochelle Dreyfuss的说辞一点都不“高大上”,而是十分务实的:新药研发要花钱;公司能获利才会有投资科研的动力。故画线词意思是“实际的”,故选D项。]
12.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The consequences of the lawsuit.
B.Other countries’ solution to the case.
C.The public reactions to the news.
D.Some scientists’ support for the patent.
答案　B　[段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation ”可知,最后一段主要讲了其他国家的解决方案,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖北高三联考)
Life isn’t fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.
But first,the bad news.People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make snap judgments about each other’s likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this 　2　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn’t it Smile and others will smile with you.
What other tricks might we have 　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to:raise our eyebrows quickly,tilt (倾斜) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.
So we’ve looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they’re going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　
Finally,finding common ground is good for forming a connection.Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common.And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British of topics:the weather.　5　
A.It can be a nice start of a conversation.
B.Instead,you need to show interest in them.
C.There’s one incredibly simple tool:your smile.
D.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm
E.What good tricks can we employ to become charming
F.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others.
G.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种让人变得有吸引力的方法。
1.D　[空后的“The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.”表明空后应是对上文的回答,且根据回答内容“yes,you can”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,且主语是you,故选D项。]
2.C　[空前问到“How should we deal with this ”,故空处应该是对这个问题的回答。再结合空后的“People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.”以及“Smile and others will smile with you.”可知,处理这种情况的方法就是微笑,故选C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”。]
3.G　[根据空后的“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are...tilt(仰起) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.”可知,我们可以做三件事来表明自己没有威胁:快速抬眉,微微歪头,并且再次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是友的。故G项“我们的大脑经常观察周围环境来获取友好或敌意的信号”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前讲你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的令人赞叹的成就,故空处应讲述你应该怎么做。B项“相反,你需要对他们表现出兴趣”承接上文,与空前呈转折关系,符合语境。]
5.A　[空前讲如果其他一切都失败了,你就可以借助于最英式的话题:天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处,故A项“这可能是一段谈话的一个很好的开始”符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:movement n.运动;community n.社区;Para.2:delivery n.送货;Para.3:craft n.手工艺;snack n.小吃
B Para.1:dominance n.优势,显著,支配地位;aggressive adj.好斗的,挑衅的;Para.3:integrity n.完整,完全;耿直,正直诚实;hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶;Para.4:perspective n.态度,观点,思考方法
C Para.1:headline n.头条新闻;Para.2:biotechnology n.生物技术;patent n.专利; Para.3:temporary adj.临时的;economic adj.经济的;Para.4:vaccine n.疫苗
A Para.1:move　熟义:v.移动;生义:vt.搬家
B Para.1:compromise　熟义:v.妥协,让步;生义:v.损害
C Para.1:patent　熟义:n.专利权;生义:vt.取得……的专利权
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:host a party举办派对;Para.3:hang out待着;play games玩游戏; Para.4:stop by顺便来;sit down坐下来
B Para.1:for the sake of为了……起见;Para.2:fall apart破裂,崩溃
C Para.1:deal with处理;Para.4:give up放弃;Para.7:down to earth踏实的;务实的
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. [分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词who引导定语从句修饰名词people;a movement of ordinary people作The Turquoise Table的同位语。 [译文]　克里斯汀·谢尔是“绿松石桌”运动的创始人,这是一场由普通人发起的运动,他们的目的是在自家前院创建社群。
C Para.7:Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth. [分析]　这是一个复合句。同位语a patent expert解释和说明Rochelle Dreyfuss的身份;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词expert。 [译文]　与此案无关的专利专家罗歇尔·德雷福斯则更加务实。(共163张PPT)
UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
选择性必修第四册
主题语境:优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.core adj.　 核心的;最重要的
n. 核心,最重要的部分
2.substantial adj. 大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的
3.embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受;包含;拥抱
4.principle n. 道德原则;法则;信条
5.barely adv. 刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才
6.decent adj. 正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的
7.superb adj. 极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的
8.wrinkle n. 皱纹;褶皱,皱痕
vt.& vi. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起
9.virtue n. 美德;正直的品性;优点
10.integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好
11.mineral n. 矿物,矿物质
12.bonus n. 意外收获;奖金,红利
13.quote n. 引语
vt.& vi. 引用,引述;举例说明
14.anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 抛锚;使固定
15.arrest n.& vt. 逮捕,拘捕
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a worthwhile career　 一项值得从事的事业
2.at least two or three inches 至少两三英寸
3.outline the history of his career 概述他的职业生涯
4.relieve the burden of the family 减轻家庭的负担
5.resign from my present job 辞去我现在的工作
6.forgive me for interrupting you 请原谅我打断了你
7.be cheated by false information 被虚假信息欺骗
8.tear off the wrapping paper 撕下包装纸
9.bow to the audience 向观众鞠躬
10.after a brief pause 短暂的停顿之后
11.pretend to be doing her homework假装在做她的家庭作业
12.It’s a great privilege to know you. 很荣幸能认识你。
13.meet deadlines for your schoolwork
在最后期限前完成你的学校作业
14.find fault with my work 挑剔我的工作
15.be keen to learn about China 渴望了解中国
16.sow the seeds of love 播下爱的种子
17.electric wire 电线
18.the grain harvest 谷物的收成
19.organic food 有机食物
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.appoint vt.　　 任命;委任
　appointment n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务
　appointed adj. 指定的,约定的
2.rely vi. 依赖,依靠;信赖,信任
　reliable adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的
3.bless vt. (表示惊奇);祝福
　blessing n. 上帝的恩宠;祝福;祝颂;赞同
4.suspect vt.& vi. 疑有,觉得;认为
　　　　n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象
　suspicion n. 怀疑;疑心
　suspicious adj. 怀疑的;可疑的
5.innocent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的
　　　　　n. 无辜者,单纯的人
　innocence n. 清白,无辜;无罪;天真,纯真
6.legal adj. 合法的;法律的
　legally adv. 合法地;法律上
　illegal adj. 不合法的
7.social adj. 社会的;社交的
　society n. 社会
　socialist adj. 社会主义的
　　　　　n. 社会主义者
　socialism n. 社会主义
8.shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;让人遗憾的事
　ashamed adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
　shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
9.disappoint vt. 使失望,使破灭
　disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的
　disappointing adj. 令人失望的
　disappointment n. 失望;沮丧;使人失望的人(或事物)
10.mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕
　merciful adj. 仁慈的;宽大的
11.guide vt. 带领;引导
　　　　n. 向导
　guidance n. 指导;导航
12.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
　criminal n. 罪犯
　　　　adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.on the beat 　 在巡逻中
2.make one’s fortune 发财
3.lose contact 失去联系
4.arm in arm 臂挽着臂
5.under arrest 被逮捕
6.make a difference 有影响;起作用;有关系
7.in store 贮藏着;等待着;将要发生
8.go through 经历;仔细检查;通过
9.turn up 出现,到场;卷起;调大
10.tear down 拆毁,拆除
11.at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置,对……无能为力
12.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安,加重……的思想负担
13.pull out 离开,撤离;拔出
14.keep an appointment with赴约,履行约定
15.stare at 盯着
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.In the doorway of a store stood a man,with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(完全倒装)
　一个男人站在一家店门口,嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
2.Well,we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time,no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.
(no matter what引导让步状语从句)
　那天晚上我们约定,从那日那刻起,不管日后各自情况如何,不管距离多远,都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿重聚。
3.Honoured guests,teachers and students,it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.(it作形式主语)
　尊敬的来宾、老师们、同学们,今天我很高兴,也很荣幸地欢迎你们来到这里,并在这个特别的场合发表我的看法。
4.Always give your best in whatever you set out to do,however difficult that might be.(疑问词-ever引导从句)
　无论你们要着手做什么,无论那有多么困难,都要全力以赴。
5.Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
　今天播下成功的种子,明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。
词汇横拓串记
后缀-ance名词集锦 courage家族团聚 “看”之家族小结
①guide→guidance指引;指导 ②appear→appearance出现;外貌 ③perform→performance表演; 节目 ④enter→entrance进入 ⑤assist→assistance帮助,援助 ⑥accept→acceptance接受 ⑦resist→resistance抵制 ①courage n.勇气 ②encourage vt.鼓励 ③encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 ④encouragement n.鼓励 ⑤discourage vt.使泄气 ⑥discouraged adj.灰心的, 泄气的 ⑦discouragement n.泄气;灰心 ①stare at凝视
②glare at怒目而视
③glance at瞥一眼
④gaze at凝视,盯住
⑤peep/peek at瞥见
⑥catch sight of看见
⑦catch a glimpse of
瞥一眼
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.barely ten o'clock at night 晚上　　　　　　十点钟
2.a bottle of mineral water 一瓶　　　　　　水
3.three fundamental principles三个基本　　　　　
4.a cosy and decent life 舒适而　　　　　　生活
5.the core meaning 　　　　　　意义
6.see a substantial decrease 见证了　　　　　　减少
近
Step One　写一写
矿物质
原则
体面的
核心
大幅
7.the incredible and superb scenery
令人难以置信的　　　　　　风景
8.a wrinkled face 满脸　　　　　
9.embrace the next phase of one's life
　　　　　　某人人生的下一个阶段
10.practise the virtue of integrity
践行　　　　　
壮丽的
皱纹
拥抱
正直的美德
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　　 概述,略述
n. 概述;轮廓线,略图
2.　　　　　　 vt.&.vi. 辞职,辞去
3.　　　　　　 n. 蝴蝶结;弓
vi. 鞠躬;低(头)
4.　　　　　　 vi. 停顿,暂停
n. 停顿,停顿的时间
outline
resign
bow
pause
5.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
6.　　　　　　 n. 荣幸;特殊利益
vt. 给予特权,特别优待
7.　　　　　　 vt. 欺骗,蒙骗
vi. 作弊,舞弊
8.　　　　　　 n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点
pretend
privilege
cheat
fault
9.　　　　　　 vt. 包,裹;用……缠绕
n. 披肩,围巾;包裹材料
10.　　　　　　 n. (责任、义务等的)重担,负担
11.　　　　　　 vt. & vi.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
12.　　　　　　 n. 最后期限,截止日期
wrap
burden
forgive
deadline
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 n. 仁慈,宽恕
　　　　　　　 adj. 仁慈的;宽大的
2.　　　　　　 vi. 依赖,依靠;信赖,信任
　　　　　　　 adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的
3.　　　　　　 n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
　　　　　　　 n. 罪犯
　　　　　　　adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的
mercy
merciful
rely
reliable
crime
criminal
4.　　　　　　 adj. 合法的;法律的
　　　　　　　 adv. 合法地;法律上
　　　　　　　 adj. 不合法的
5.　　　　　　 vt. (表示惊奇);祝福
　　　　　　　 n. 上帝的恩宠;祝福;祝颂;赞同
6.　　　　　　 v. 任命;委任
　　　　　　　 n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务
　　　　　　　 adj. 指定的,约定的
legal
legally
illegal
bless
blessing
appoint
appointment
appointed
7.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 疑有,觉得;认为
　　　　　　　n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象
　　　　　　　 n. 怀疑;疑心
　　　　　　　 adj. 怀疑的;可疑的
8.　　　　　　 n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;让人遗憾的事
　　　　　　　 adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
　　　　　　　 adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
suspect
suspicion
suspicious
shame
ashamed
shameful
9.　　　　　　 vt. 使失望,使破灭
　　　　　　　 adj. 失望的,沮丧的
　　　　　　　 adj. 令人失望的
　　　 　　　　 n. 失望;沮丧;使人失望的人(或事物)
10.　　　　　　 vt. 带领;引导
　　　　　　　　n. 向导
　　　　　　　 n. 指导;导航
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
guide
guidance
11.　　　　　　 adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的
　　　　　　　　n. 无辜者,单纯的人
　　　　　　　 n. 清白,无辜;无罪;天真,纯真
innocent
innocence
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　拆毁,拆除
2.　　　　　　　 离开,撤离;拔出
3.　　　　　　　 被逮捕
4.　 　　　　　　 任……处置,对……无能为力
5.　　　　　　　 出现,到场;卷起;调大
tear down
pull out
under arrest
at the mercy of sb/sth
turn up
6.lose contact 　　　　　　　
7.make a difference 　　　　　　 　
8.in store 　　　　　　 　
9.go through 　　　　　　　
10.stare at 　　　　　　　
失去联系
有影响; 起作用; 有关系
贮藏着; 等待着; 将要发生
经历; 仔细检查; 通过
盯着
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
Take a proper amount of exercise every day, 　 　　　
　 　　　　　.
每天做适当的锻炼,你就会变得更健康、更强壮。
and you will
become healthier and stronger
2.句型公式:no matter what引导让步状语从句
You have to remember that 　　　　 　
　 　　　　　, you have to be kind.
你要记住,不管世界变成什么样,你都要善良。
3.句型公式:完全倒装
　 　　　　 an increasing number of people acquire knowledge by means of online learning.
越来越多的人通过网络学习来获取知识的时代到了。
no matter what the world
turns out to be
There comes a time when
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.She acknowledged c　　　　　　 in the exam and felt ashamed of it.
2.He w　　　　　　 his arms around me and whispered,“You are bound to succeed.”
3.“Yeah!” David smiled weakly,b　　　　　　 his head.
heating
Step Two　练一练
rapped
owing
4.After he r　　　　　　 from the post,he was dedicated to helping the disabled.
5.This morning my classmate f　　　　　　 me for what I said last night.
esigned
orgave
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Whenever I encounter some unfortunate events, I will
　　　　　　on my faithful and 　　　　　　friend.(rely)
2.Judging from his 　　　　　　look,his boss was 　　　　　　with his 　　　　　　performance.So to his 　　　 　　　,he didn't get promoted.(disappoint)
3.I feel 　　　　　　of my 　　　　　　action,which is a
　　　　　　to me.(shame)
rely
reliable
disappointed
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
ashamed
shameful
shame
4.Without your 　　　　　　and encouragement,we couldn't have made such great progress,so we decide to engage you as our 　　　　　　.(guide)
5.We know from the daily 　　　　　　report that the former president had something to do with the 　　　　　　organization and was put to prison.(legal)
guidance
guide
legal
illegal
Ⅲ.短语填空
turn up　at the mercy of sb/sth　stare at　make a difference
go through
1.It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering they 　　　　 　　in the war.
2.Only when we match our words with actions can we
　　 　　　　in whatever we hope to accomplish.
went through
make a difference
3.More than ten policemen 　　　　　　at the spot where the
accident happened.
4.Without a sure supply of water,farming in that area remains
　 　　　　　the weather.
5.We lay on the grass,　　　　　　 the night sky which was spotted with twinkling stars.
turned up
at the mercy of
staring at
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A socialist's nephew was keen 1.　　　　　　 making his fortune to relieve his family of financial burden.At first,he worked at a mineral water factory.2.　　　　　　,the bonus there was discouraging and his income 3.　　　　　　 (bare) supported his family.Therefore,he resigned.Since then the socialist has lost contact with him.
on
However
barely
Two years later,the socialist was informed that his nephew
4.　　　　　 　 (suspect) of being involved in a diamond and jade theft.5.　　　　　　 (hear) the disappointing news,the socialist was
6.　　　　　　 (shame) and determined that he would send him to prison without mercy.It was just two months later 7.　　　　　　 the suspect made an 8.　　　　　　 (appoint) with his uncle secretly.
was suspected
Hearing
ashamed
that
appointment
On seeing his nephew,the socialist tried to persuade him
9.　　　　　　 (acknowledge) his criminal conduct.Watching the wrinkles on his uncle's face,the young man felt guilty about his illegal acts and 10.　　　　　　 (admit) his fault.In the end,they went to the police station arm in arm.
to acknowledge
admitted
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint vt.任命(assign);
委任;安排→appointed adj.指定的,约定的
佳句背诵　
Learning that he was to take up an appointment as head of the team,he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.(动作+心理描写)
得知自己将被任命为队长,他无法抑制兴奋,雀跃着进了家门。
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
make an appointment with sb 与某人约会/预约
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委任某人做某事
以练促学　单句写作
①Learning that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Student Union,I convey my sincere congratulations to you.(祝贺信)
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我特来向你表达我真诚的祝贺。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Because I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　, I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(道歉信,2021·北京卷)
由于我已经和牙医预约,非常抱歉我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
have been appointed as/to be chairman of
have made/had an appointment with the dentist
2.suspect vt.& vi.疑有,觉得;认为n.嫌疑犯,可疑对象→suspicion n.怀疑;
疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的;可疑的
佳句背诵　
I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money.(情绪描写)
我伤心欲绝,因为我被怀疑偷了他的钱。
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是……
suspect that... 怀疑……
以练促学　单句写作
①　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
but actually he made it with strong willpower. 我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松,但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。
教考衔接　单句写作
②On his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (新高考Ⅰ卷) 在去布哈拉的路上,他体验了一把被怀疑涉嫌毒品交易时警察所采取的手段。
We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon
when (he is) suspected of drug dealing
3.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬→shame n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;令人遗憾
的事→shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
佳句背诵　
Anxious and ashamed,I said nothing,wondering if he would fire me right away.
我又焦虑又羞愧,什么也没说,心里想着他会不会马上解雇我。
be ashamed of... 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed to do... 耻于做……;因做……而羞愧
It’s a shame/pity that... ……是令人遗憾的事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was ashamed 　　　　　　not finishing his task before the deadline.
②I was 　　　　　　　　　　　 I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(心理描写)
我是如此羞愧,以至于我感觉心如刀绞,眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
of
so ashamed that
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 .
There is an urgent need to come up with some achievable measures to protect oceans.(海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
遗憾的是海洋污染变得越来越严重。现在急需想出一些可行的措施来保护海洋。
It's a shame/pity that ocean pollution is getting more and more serious
4.forgive (forgave,forgiven) vt.& vi.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)→
forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕
佳句背诵　
Please forgive my misunderstanding and let it give way to a better mutual understanding between us.
请原谅我的误会,让它为我们之间更好的相互理解让路。
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　 and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.
请原谅我占用了你这么多时间,请接受我最美好的祝愿,祝你健康幸福。
Please forgive me for having/forgive my having taken up so much of your time
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as promised and I want to express my sincere apology again.(道歉信,2021·北京卷)
请原谅我不能如约和你一起外出,我想再次表达我诚挚的歉意。
Please forgive me for not going out with you
5.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的→disappointment n.[U]失望;沮丧[C]使人失望的人(或事物)→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望,使破灭
佳句背诵　
At that time,depressed and disappointed,I didn’t know how to change the terrible situation.(情绪描写)
在那时,我既沮丧又失望,不知道如何改变这种糟糕的情况。
be disappointed at/by/in/with... 对……失望
be disappointed to do... 因做……而失望
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
以练促学　一句多译
①让我失望的是,只有18%的学生选择通过读书来学习。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books.(disappointment n.)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books.(disappoint vt.)
→Only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(disappointed adj.)
To my disappointment
What disappoints me
which made me disappointed
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
②But that leaves the solo customers out of pocket and
　　　 　　　(disappoint).(2024·浙江1月卷)
③After being told that the cash machine still did not play along, Gunter let out a long sigh, with his subtle expression displaying
　 　　　　　　　　　　　. (动作+神情描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在被告知自动取款机仍然不能使用后,冈特长叹一声,他微妙的表情流露出失望的迹象。
disappointed
a sign of disappointment
Yesterday,I had an appointment with my friend, but I was late.My friend looked disappointed and suspected that I didn't care about our meeting. I felt very ashamed of my behavior and sincerely asked him to forgive me. I also promised that it would never happen again.Hearing this,my friend smiled with satisfaction.
6.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
佳句背诵　
When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won’t pretend to have known it, but turn to my classmates or teachers.
(观点态度,2021·全国乙卷)
当我在学习中遇到难题时,我会向同学们或老师求助,而不是不懂装懂。
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending
　　　　　　(do) things that are impossible.
②To ease my embarrassment,I pretended 　　　　　　　　(read) when my mother entered.
to do
to be reading
教考衔接　单句写作
③She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(2024·浙江1月卷)
她决定记住她的班级在哪里,然后假装其他地方不存在。
pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist
7.privilege n.荣幸;特殊利益vt.给予特权,特别优待→privileged adj.
有特权的;受特别优待的
佳句背诵　
It is a privilege to invite you to our program for a live talk show.
(邀请信,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
很荣幸邀请您参加我们的现场访谈节目。
It is a privilege to do sth. 做某事是一种殊荣。
have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有幸做某事/有特权做某事
be/feel privileged to do sth 有幸做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege
　　　　　　　　　　　 (enter) the ward freely.
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　at the graduation ceremony, knowing that my hard work and dedication had led me to this proud moment.(演讲稿)
很荣幸能够在毕业典礼上发表演讲,我知道正是努力和奉献让我拥有了这一自豪的时刻。
to enter
have the privilege of delivering the speech
教考衔接　一句多译
③我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。(发言稿,2021·全国乙卷)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.
It is a privilege for me to stand here
I am/feel privileged to stand here
8.tear down拆毁,拆除
佳句背诵　
They decided to tear down the old building and construct a new one.
他们决定拆除旧楼并建造新楼。
tear off 撕掉,扯下
tear up 撕碎;撕毁
tear apart 扯开,拆散,使分裂
tear sth to/into pieces 把……撕成碎片
以练促学　单句写作
①Angry and heartbroken,the young man　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(动作描写)
那年轻人又气又伤心,把信撕成了碎片。
②She screamed,grabbed the painting on the table and
　 　　　　　　. (动作链)
她尖叫着,抓起桌子上的画把它撕了。
tore the letter to/into pieces
tore it up/apart
③The lightning,looking like a snake,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(环境描写)
闪电,看起来像一条蛇,撕裂了黑暗的天空。
教考衔接　单句写作
④To our relief,the helicopter arrived before the bear
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (浙江7月卷)
使我们松了一口气的是,直升机在熊拆毁篱笆之前就到了。
tore the dark sky apart
tore down the fence
9.arm in arm臂挽着臂
佳句背诵　
Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness.(场景描写)
看着那对老夫妇臂挽着臂走在沙滩上,我有一种幸福感。
hand in hand 手拉手;携手
face to face 面对面
back to back 背靠背;接连地
shoulder to shoulder=side by side肩并肩
eyes to eyes 四目相对
heart to heart 心贴心
step by step 一步一步地
以练促学　用“n.+介词+ n.”短语填空
①There were two children ahead,walking 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　 .
side by side/shoulder
to shoulder
②Guilty and ashamed,he came into his teacher’s office to beg for his forgiveness　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
③The firefighter,severely injured and losing contact with his fellows,stood on his feet and walked towards the exit 　　　　　.
face to face
step by step
教考衔接　单句写作
④Only when 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to fight against ocean pollution can we have a better environment.(海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
只有当我们所有人携起手来与海洋污染作斗争时,我们才能有一个更好的环境。
all of us join hand in hand
After the school play,the students felt a great privilege to have been part of such a memorable performance. They were arm in arm, pretending to be audiences to cheer for the performance, sharing the joy the play had brought them once again. After that, workers began to tear down the stage set.
句型公式:祈使句+and+陈述句
课本原句:Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子,明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。
佳句背诵　
Follow the suggestions above,and you will get your written English improved.(建议信)
听从以上建议,你的书面英语会得到提升。
(1)“祈使句+and+陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句+or+陈述句”相当于“if+否定条件状语从句+主句”。
(3)“名词词组+and+陈述句”也有上述句式功能,名词词组中常含有more,another等词。
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①A bit more effort,　　　　　　 you will settle the problem.
②Don’t be too talkative,　　　　　　 you may leave a poor impression on others.
③If you apply yourself to your learning,you can make much more progress sooner or later.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 much more progress sooner or later.(祈使句+and+陈述句)
and
or
Apply yourself to your learning,and you can make
教考衔接　单句写作
④I encouraged David,“Cheer up!　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
(语言描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我鼓励大卫道:“振作起来!再努力一点,你很快就要到达终点了。”
Make more efforts/More
efforts and you will reach the finishing line soon
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The police have narrowed down their list of suspects. 　　　　　
2.He wrinkled his forehead,confused and worried by the strange event.
　　　　　　　
3.As is known to all,dogs have a keen sense of smell.
　 　　　　
n.嫌疑犯
vt.使起皱纹,皱起
adj.灵敏的,敏锐的
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
arrest vt.逮捕,拘捕;吸引(注意);中止;阻止 n.逮捕,拘捕;停止;中止
1.The escaped prisoner got arrested immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again. 　　　　　
2.Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her.
　　　　　
vt.逮捕,拘捕
vt.吸引(注意)
3.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year’s election. 　　　　　
4.The treatment arrested the growth of the disease. 　　　　　
n.逮捕,拘捕
vt.中止;阻止
维度二　核心知识运用
1.I 　　　　　　(appoint) to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
2.I learnt a lot from this incident, such as help, honesty and
　　　　　　(forgive).
3.The comedian pretended 　　　　　　(solve) the difficult problem and left the company, with his face blushing.
was appointed
forgiveness
to have solved
4.Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become
　　　　　　　　 (discourage) and give up
5.The police had to employ force 　　　　　　　　 (enter) the building.
6.Seize the chance to consult the specialist face to face,
　　　　　　 you will regret it.
7.We are looking for someone who is 　　　　　　(rely) and hard-working.
discouraged
to enter
or
reliable
8.　　　　　　 (suspect) to be a spy,the stranger is being questioned by the police.
9.The two young men 　　　　　　(arrest) for dangerous driving that night.
10.She was highly self-critical and also found fault 　　　　　　her friends.
11.To pursue money,some people killed endangered animals
　　　　　　mercy.
12.The specialist was ashamed 　　　　　　being late for such an important meeting and missed the intense discussion.
Suspected
were arrested
with
without
of
维度三　完成句子
1.You had better treat others with respect and kindness,
　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　.
无论发生什么,无论你在哪里,你最好都要尊重和善待他人。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　, they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.
让他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做出母亲节的早餐。
no matter what happens and wherever you are
To their disappointment
3.He sought his fortune in a big city two months ago,and unfortunately,he 　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
两个月前他到一个大城市去碰运气,不幸的是他没能发财。
4.We heard that the driver of the car,who was responsible for the accident,　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　.
我们听说对事故负有责任的汽车司机已被逮捕。
failed to make a fortune
had been under arrest
5.Jane decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after feeling unwell for several days.
简感觉不舒服好几天了,决定预约医生。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风的摆布下,山顶上的小树都站不直了。
make an appointment with her doctor
At the mercy of the strong wind
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(发言稿——爱戴的人)
你校正在组织英语演讲比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为话题,写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴他/她的原因。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①我很荣幸能站在这里发表一篇关于我最尊敬的人的演讲。(privilege,it作形式主语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about the person I respect most.
②说到我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的叔叔。他总是热衷于帮助别人。(keen,定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
When it comes to the person I respect most,I have to mention my uncle,who is always keen on helping others.
③他既热情又值得信赖,总是第一个向有困难的人伸出援手。(reliable,形容词作状语,动词不定式作定语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
④每当我灰心丧气时,就是他不遗余力地帮助我克服困难。(discouraged,强调句型)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Warm-hearted and reliable,he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.
Whenever I am discouraged,it is he that/who spares no effort to assist me to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties.
⑤在他的指导下,我学会了做一些改变世界的事情是值得的。(guidance,worthwhile)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Under the guidance of him,I have learned that it's worthwhile to do something to make a difference to the world.
⑥这就是我的叔叔,一个正派的人,从他身上我学会了如何做一个有崇高美德的人。(decent,virtue,完全倒装句,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Such is my uncle,a decent man,from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Hello everyone,
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about the person I respect most.When it comes to the person I respect most,I have to mention my uncle,who is always keen on helping others.
Warm-hearted and reliable,he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.Whenever I am discouraged,it is he that/who spares no effort to assist me to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties.Under the guidance of him,I have learned that it's worthwhile to do something to make a difference to the world.
Such is my uncle,a decent man,from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:汤姆是一个冲浪者,对海洋和冲浪充满热情。他在训练中突遇鲨鱼袭击,严重受伤并接受救治。在漫长而痛苦的康复过程中,汤姆凭借坚强的意志和亲友的支持,逐步恢复体力和信心,最终重返赛场,再次参与竞赛。
【参考范文】
Standing in front of the starting line again,Tom felt nervous. The memories of the shark attack flashed through his mind,but he pushed them aside and focused on the task at hand.He took a deep breath and reminded himself of all the hard work he had put in to get to this point.As the starting signal sounded,Tom paddled out to the wave with determination.He felt the familiar rush of adrenaline as he caught the wave and stood up on his surfboard.
Tom fell into the sea. But instead of panicking,he stayed calm and quickly climbed back onto his surfboard.He knew that setbacks were part of the sport and that he couldn't let them discourage him. He paddled back out to the wave and tried again.This time,he rode the wave all the way to the shore,feeling the thrill of victory as he emerged from the water.The crowd cheered as Tom walked up the beach,knowing that he had overcome a huge obstacle and achieved his dream once again.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2023·全国乙卷阅读B)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake,Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up
almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄日常。为了拍出优秀的风景照,摄影师付出了很多,其中不乏艰辛,当然有收获也有遗憾。
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape
photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots...the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知,作者和他的朋友们到州公园或农村去拍照,以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战,故选B项。
25.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to
the author
A.Proper time management.
B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D.Distinctive styles.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一句验证了作者所说,故选A项。
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s
Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“However,we did not mark the route (路线)...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知,文中描述的是作者和朋友几乎完全错过了日落,之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了,也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚,故选C项。
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still,looking back on the photos...if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”可知,虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾,作者依然认为这是一些令人满意的照片,故选B项。
思维建模
记叙文文体特点
1.体裁解读:记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来,描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体,都属于记叙文的范畴。
2.写作特色:记叙文一般是按时间或按事件的重要性顺序来展开,最后经常会用一两句话来抒发作者的情感与感悟,这是记叙文的精华,是阅读的难点所在,可谓“一篇之妙,在于落句”。
3.线索情节:贯穿全文的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的线索、人物思想感情变化或作者思想感情变化的线索、时间顺序的线索等等,分析线索有助于把握行文的思路和全文的结构。
4.记叙顺序:记叙文的叙事顺序主要有顺叙和倒叙,也可能有插叙。遇到倒叙的记叙文,阅读时要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.2:character n.(地方的)特色,特性; Para.3:destination n.目的地; sunset n.日落; Para.4:position n.位置; background n.背景 Para.1:become a photographer成为摄影师;
Para.2:travel with friends和朋友们旅行;
Para.3:on the spot在现场;miss the moment错过时刻;beautiful sunsets/sunrises美丽的日落/日出;Para.4:mark the route标记路线;
manage one’s time wisely明智地管理时间
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句结构为主系表;现在分词短语looking back on the photos作状语;though引导让步状语从句,从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　句子通过though连接两个相对立的陈述,前半部分表达了对照片的肯定,即“它们是我最好的拍摄作品中的一些”,而后半部分则表达了一种遗憾,即“它们本可以更好”。这种对比的逻辑结构增强了句子的表达效果,使得作者的反思更加深刻。
尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍是我拍的最好的一些照片,不过,如果我当时能准备充分并明智地管理时间,它们本可以拍得好很多。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·连云港高三模拟)
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.Ten years ago,she and her family moved to a new home in Austin,Texas.
One day,Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party.She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake.“After the party,I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard,just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out.They played games,did crafts and ate snacks.“We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says.“We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too.A movement was born.“It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says.The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too messy,it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time.“Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community.“People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,”she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings,thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world.Not all of them are actually turquoise.“No matter what color it is,it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯汀·谢尔在前院放置的一张青绿色餐桌使她加强了与邻居乃至陌生人的友好联系,也激励了更多人参与到这场社交的运动之中。
1.Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A.To host more parties in her front yard.
B.To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C.To engage with people in the neighbourhood.
D.To create harmonious communities worldwide.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段、第二段的第一句以及第四段中的“It was a simple way...connect with others”可知,克里斯汀·谢尔发起这项运动的目的是与邻居接触,故选C项。
√
2.Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable. B.Friendly and humorous.
C.Generous and ambitious. D.Cautious and responsible.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘After the party...from the sidewalk,’she says.”以及后文Kristin后来发起了“绿松石桌”运动可知,克里斯汀有创造性。再根据第四段中的“Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.”可知,克里斯汀是一个热情、好交际的人,故选A项。
√
3.What can be inferred from the text
A.People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B.The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C.Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D.People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A decade after their Texas beginnings...around the world.”可知,这场运动在国内外都产生了巨大的影响,故选B项。
√
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Love Your Neighbors
B.An Amazing Woman
C.Happy Front Yard Time
D.Tables Where All Are Welcome
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述克里斯汀·谢尔因为在前院偶然放置的一张青绿色餐桌,与邻居和陌生人建立了联系,也影响了全世界的很多人。因此D项“欢迎所有人的桌子”可作为本文的最佳标题,故选D项。
√
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述两种关于原谅的观点告诉读者原谅他人的能力是可以通过实践练习提升。
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故选D项。
√
6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love. B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow. D.To give is to receive.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推出,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配就是伤害”,故选B项。
√
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A.Favorable. B.Reserved. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies...Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,治愈关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故选A项。
√
8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily... develops with practice.”可知,作者认为人们不一定生来就有原谅的能力,但都可以学习并提升这一能力,并随实践而发展。由此可知,本段主要说明学会原谅需要实践,故选C项。
√
(2025·南京师大附中高三模拟)
On Monday,a lawsuit (诉讼) in the US got huge headlines around the world.It deals with a truly 21st century issue—whether human genes (基因) may be patented.
Myriad Genetics,a biotechnology company,discovered two genes—BRCA 1 and BRCA 2—that are highly related to breast cancer.Myriad patented its discoveries and a group of researchers challenged that the patent was illegal.
The US patent law protects the temporary economic rewards inventors get from their inventions.But it also says a product of nature or a law of nature can’t be patented.For example,Einstein couldn’t patent on his discovery of E=mc2.
And until relatively recently,many of the medical researchers voluntarily gave up patents on their inventions.When Dr.Jonas Salk,the inventor of the polio vaccine (小儿麻痹症疫苗),was asked in 1955 whether he had a patent on the vaccine,he replied,“Could you patent the sun ”
Myriad Genetics,however,says that the genes it identified are not like the sun.It notes that there are 20,000 genes in the human body and that it has sorted through all those genes and found the two that are closely related to breast cancer.
Not so,say those challenging the patent.Human genes are products of nature.They are just a part of the human body.“All Myriad does is take the part out of the body,” says the challengers’ lawyer,Christopher Hansen.“Can the person who first takes the heart out of the body patent on hearts ”
Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.“At some level it is about money,” he says,“because medicine doesn’t happen for free.The patent system is very important to encourage companies to spend more money on scientific research and development.”
Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation Most countries approve patents on genes,but they also allow other scientists to use the genes freely to do research and develop new medicines and testing methods.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了Myriad Genetics是否应该申请专利保护其新发现的致癌基因的问题。
9.Which of the following can be patented according to the US patent law
A.The law of gravity force.
B.A unique orbit found in space.
C.A new medicine based on BRCA 1.
D.The basic working principle of planes.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The US patent law...nature can’t be patented.”可推知,基于BRCA 1的新药应该可以申请专利,故选C项。
√
10.What is Christopher Hansen’s argument against the patent
A.A product of nature can’t be patented.
B.Public interests should be put before profits.
C.It is unacceptable to the other countries in the world.
D.The connection between genes and cancers is not obvious.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Not so,say those challenging the...a part of the human body.”可知,Christopher Hansen 反对的依据是基因BRCA 1及BRCA 2是已经存在的自然物,所以不能申请专利,故选A项。
√
11.What does the underlined phrase “down to earth” in paragraph 7 mean
A.Angry. B.Rude. C.Smart. D.Practical.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At some level...on scientific research and development.”可知,Rochelle Dreyfuss的说辞一点都不“高大上”,而是十分务实的:新药研发要花钱;公司能获利才会有投资科研的动力。故画线词意思是“实际的”,故选D项。
√
12.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The consequences of the lawsuit.
B.Other countries’ solution to the case.
C.The public reactions to the news.
D.Some scientists’ support for the patent.
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation ”可知,最后一段主要讲了其他国家的解决方案,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖北高三联考)
Life isn’t fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.
But first,the bad news.People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make snap judgments about each other’s likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this 　2　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn’t it Smile and others will smile with you.
What other tricks might we have 　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to:raise our eyebrows quickly,tilt (倾斜) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.
So we’ve looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they’re going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　
Finally,finding common ground is good for forming a connection. Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common.And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British of topics:the weather.　5　
A.It can be a nice start of a conversation.
B.Instead,you need to show interest in them.
C.There’s one incredibly simple tool:your smile.
D.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm
E.What good tricks can we employ to become charming
F.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others.
G.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种让人变得有吸引力的方法。
1.D　[空后的“The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.”表明空后应是对上文的回答,且根据回答内容“yes,you can”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,且主语是you,故选D项。]
2.C　[空前问到“How should we deal with this ”,故空处应该是对这个问题的回答。再结合空后的“People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.”以及“Smile and others will smile with you.”可知,处理这种情况的方法就是微笑,故选C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”。]
3.G　[根据空后的“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are...tilt(仰起) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.”可知,我们可以做三件事来表明自己没有威胁:快速抬眉,微微歪头,并且再次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是友的。故G项“我们的大脑经常观察周围环境来获取友好或敌意的信号”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前讲你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的令人赞叹的成就,故空处应讲述你应该怎么做。B项“相反,你需要对他们表现出兴趣”承接上文,与空前呈转折关系,符合语境。]
5.A　[空前讲如果其他一切都失败了,你就可以借助于最英式的话题:天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处,故A项“这可能是一段谈话的一个很好的开始”符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:movement n.运动;community n.社区;Para.2:delivery n.送货;Para.3:craft n.手工艺;snack n.小吃
B Para.1:dominance n.优势,显著,支配地位;aggressive adj.好斗的,挑衅的;Para.3:integrity n.完整,完全;耿直,正直诚实;hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶;Para.4:perspective n.态度,观点,思考方法
C Para.1:headline n.头条新闻;Para.2:biotechnology n.生物技术;
patent n.专利;Para.3:temporary adj.临时的;economic adj.经济的;Para.4:vaccine n.疫苗
熟词生义 A Para.1:move　熟义:v.移动;生义:vt.搬家
B Para.1:compromise　熟义:v.妥协,让步;生义:v.损害
C Para.1:patent　熟义:n.专利权;生义:vt.取得……的专利权
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:host a party举办派对;Para.3:hang out待着;play games玩游戏;Para.4:stop by顺便来;sit down坐下来
B Para.1:for the sake of为了……起见;Para.2:fall apart破裂,崩溃
C Para.1:deal with处理;Para.4:give up放弃;Para.7:down to earth踏实的;务实的
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词who引导定语从句修饰名词people;a movement of ordinary people作The Turquoise Table的同位语。
[译文]　克里斯汀·谢尔是“绿松石桌”运动的创始人,这是一场由普通人发起的运动,他们的目的是在自家前院创建社群。
长 难 句 式 C Para.7:Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。同位语a patent expert解释和说明Rochelle Dreyfuss的身份;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词expert。
[译文]　与此案无关的专利专家罗歇尔·德雷福斯则更加务实。

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