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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2　Understanding each other
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.decode vt.　　 解(码),破译(尤指密码)
2.bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的;用两种语言(写)的
3.feedback n. 反馈的意见(或信息)
4.jam n. 果酱;拥挤,堵塞
5.tank n. 坦克;(贮放液体或气体的)罐
6.tribe n. 部落
7.enterprise n. 公司,企业;规划,事业
8.friction n. 争执;摩擦;摩擦力
9.straightforward adj. 坦诚的;简单的
10.empathy n. 同感,共鸣,同情
11.golf n. 高尔夫球运动
12.canteen n. 食堂,餐厅
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.obtain a clear result 得到一个明确的结果
2.a knowledgeable teacher 一位知识渊博的老师
3.make adjustments to your tone 调整你的语气
4.gain others’ respect 得到别人的尊重
5.communicate with parents through gestures通过手势与父母交流
6.enlarge your vocabulary 扩大你的词汇量
7.He is somewhat annoyed. 他有点恼火。
8.recite Tang poems 背诵唐诗
9.improve our handwriting 提高我们的书写
10.cite a famous saying 引用一句名言
11.stand by a fence 站在栅栏旁
12.with a strong accent 带很浓的口音
13.welcome you to China warmly and sincerely热情而真诚地欢迎您来到中国
14.correspond with friends 与朋友通信
15.win a contest 赢得比赛
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.react vi.　　　 (对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应
reaction n. 反应;回应;副作用
2.gentle adj. 温柔的;温和的;柔和的
gently adv. 温柔地;温和地
3.competent adj. 足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的
competence n. 能力,胜任
4.suit vt. 满足需要;相配,合身
n. 套装,西装,西服
suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的
5.negotiate vt.& vi. 谈判;商定,达成(协议)
negotiation n. 谈判;磋商;协商
6.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂,阐明
clarification n. 说(阐)明;解释;澄清
7.sympathy n. 同情;赞同
sympathetic adj. 同情的,有同情心的
8.approve vi.& vt. 赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)
approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;通过
disapprove vi. & vt. 不赞成;不同意
disapproval n. 不赞成;反对
9.precise adj. 准确的;确切的;精确的
precisely adv. 准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实
10.prefer vt. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……
preference n. 偏爱;偏爱的事物
11.embarrass vt. 使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的;令人害羞的
embarrassment n. 窘迫;难堪;令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
12.intend vi. & vt. 计划;打算
intention n. 意图,计划
13.behave vi.& vt. 表现得体,有礼貌;表现
behaviour n. 行为;举止;习性
14.tolerate vt. 容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受
tolerance n. 容忍;忍受;宽容
tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的
15.fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的,熟练的
fluently adv. 流利地;流畅地
fluency n. 流利;流畅
16.oppose vt. 反对,抵制;与……对垒
opposed adj. 反对的;对立的
opposition n. 反对,反抗
17.reject vt. 拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异
rejection n. 拒绝接受;不录用;冷落
18.tend vi. 趋向,倾向
tendency n. 趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好
19.intervene vi. 出面,介入;干扰
intervention n. 干涉行为,干预
20.fold vt. 折叠,对折;包,裹
n. 褶,褶层,折叠部分
unfold vt. & vi. 打开;呈现
21.slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入
n. 差错;纸条;滑跤
slippery adj. 滑的;油滑的;靠不住的
22.empathy n. 同感,共鸣,同情
empathize vi. 有同感,产生共鸣
23.integrate vt.& vi. (使)合并;(使)加入
integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好
24.language n. 语言(表达);术语;粗话;语言风格
linguist n. 语言学家;通晓数国语言的人
25.correspond vi. 类似于;相一致,符合;通信
correspondence n. 一致;相似;通信;信件
26.cooperate vi. 合作,协作;协助,配合
cooperation n. 合作
27.pure adj. 纯净的;完全的;纯粹的
purely adv. 仅仅;完全
purify vt. 净化;使纯净
purity n. 纯净,纯洁
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.in response　 作为回答,作为回应
2.out of style 过时的
3.broaden one’s mind 拓展视野,开阔眼界
4.under this circumstance 在这种情况下
5.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地,设身处地
6.refer to 参考;指的是;提到;查阅
7.come about 产生,发生
8.account for sth 是……的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占
9.more than 超过,多于;不仅仅;很,非常
10.function as 作为,起……作用,具有……功能
11.tend to 倾向于
12.approve of 赞成,赞同
13.be based on 以……为基础
14.be interpreted as 被理解为
15.share...with...与某人分享……
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.When spoken by a stranger,they can function as a means of attracting your attention. (状语从句的省略)
如果是一个陌生人说的话,这可以作为引起你注意的一种方式。
2.Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use,but also on how we use them. (not only...but also...)
我们交流的大部分内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语,还取决于我们如何使用它们。
3.Once you have obtained this information,you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. (once引导条件状语从句)
一旦你获得了这些信息,你就可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们沟通。
4.While being knowledgeable about body language is vital,the value of empathy should not be understated. (while引导让步状语从句)
虽然了解肢体语言很重要,但同情心的价值也不应该被低估。
5.No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home. (no sooner...than...)
我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。
6.It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. (强调句型)
也正是通过那些词,新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。
词汇横拓串记
后缀 fy动词一览 “赞成”与“反对”的高频词语荟萃 盘点come相关短语
①clear→clarify阐明 ②class→classify把……分类 ③simple→simplify简化 ④beauty→beautify美化 ⑤identity→identify识别 ⑥quality→qualify使……具有资格 (1)赞成;支持 favour,support,be for,back up,approve of,be in favour of (2)反对 oppose,disapprove,object to,be opposed to,be against ①come about发生(无被动形式) ②come across (偶然)遇见,碰见 ③come on加油;到来;得了吧 ④come out出版;结果是;(花)开放 ⑤come up走近;上来;被提及 ⑥come up with提出;想出(主意、计划、答案等)
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.decode this message 解码此消息
2.receive feedback from our listeners接收来自我们的听众的反馈
3.negotiate with a large enterprise 与一家大企业进行谈判
4.in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式
5.cause friction 引起摩擦
6.the value of empathy 同情的价值
7.the members of the tribe 这个部落的成员
8.bilingual speakers 双语者
9.the Student Canteen 学生食堂
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.obtain vt.　　　　 获得,赢得
2.vocabulary n. 词汇,词汇量
3.tone n. 语气,腔调;风格,特色
4.gesture n. 手势,姿势;姿态,表示
vt.& vi. 做手势,用手势表示
5.sincerely adv. 真诚地,诚实地
6.handwriting n. 手写,书写;笔迹,书法
7.contest n. 比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争
vt. 争取赢得;争辩,就……提出异议
8.accent n. 口音,腔调;重音;着重点,强调
9.knowledgeable adj. 博学的,有见识的
10.gain vt.& vi. 获得;增进,增长;(从……中)受益
n. 好处,利益
11.somewhat adv. 有点,有几分,稍微
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.tolerate vt.　　 容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受
tolerance n. 容忍;忍受;宽容
tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的
2.competent adj. 足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的
competence n. 能力,胜任
3.embarrass vt. 使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的;令人害羞的
embarrassment n. 窘迫;难堪;令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
4.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂,阐明
clarification n. 说(阐)明;解释;澄清
5.behave vi.& vt. 表现得体,有礼貌;表现
behaviour n. 行为;举止;习性
6.sympathy n. 同情;赞同
sympathetic adj. 同情的,有同情心的
7.fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的,熟练的
fluently adv. 流利地;流畅地
fluency n. 流利;流畅
8.intend vi. & vt. 计划;打算
intention n. 意图,计划
9.intervene vi. 出面,介入;干扰
intervention n. 干涉行为,干预
10.integrate vt.& vi. (使)合并;(使)加入
integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
integrity n. 诚实正直;完整;完好
11.pure adj. 纯净的;完全的;纯粹的
purely adv. 仅仅;完全
purify vt. 净化;使纯净
purity n. 纯净,纯洁
12.approve vi.& vt. 赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)
approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;通过
disapprove vi. & vt. 不赞成;不同意
disapproval n. 不赞成;反对
13.prefer vt. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……
preference n. 偏爱;偏爱的事物
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.in response　　 作为回答,作为回应
2.function as 作为,起……作用,具有……功能
3.account for sth 是……的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占
4.come about 产生,发生
5.out of style 过时的
6.approve of 赞成,赞同
7.refer to 参考;指的是;提到;查阅
8.be based on 以……为基础
9.broaden one’s mind 拓展视野,开阔眼界
10.under this circumstance 在这种情况下
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:not only...but also...
Not only does the English newspaper Youth enrich my boring campus life but it also strengthens my learning ability. (倒装句,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
英文报Youth不仅丰富了我枯燥的校园生活而且增强了我的学习能力。
2.句型公式:强调句型
From my point of view,it was her mother’s encouragement that helped her build up the confidence and make a change.
在我看来,正是她母亲的鼓励帮助她建立了信心并做出改变。
3.句型公式:no sooner...than...
No sooner had we worked out our plan than we plunged ourselves into action. (2022·浙江1月卷)
我们一制定出计划就投入了行动。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.You should enlarge your vocabulary,which can help you effectively communicate with others.
2.I sincerely hope you can follow my advice,which will surely benefit you.
3.Judging from your accent,you come from the West,if I’m not mistaken.
4.There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.
5.It is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements in the foreign country.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Behave yourself or you will be laughed at by others because of your bad behavio(u)r. (behave)
2.I admire you for your tolerance,because you can tolerate things which can’t be tolerant. (tolerate)
3.In the past,I had a preference for physics.In other words,I preferred to study it. (prefer)
4.If you want to win your parents’ approval,you should do well at school instead of disapproving them. (approve)
5.What you did was embarrassing,making the guest very embarrassed and it also embarrassed me. (embarrass)
6.I am fluent in English.That is to say,I speak English fluently.Others admire my fluency in English. (fluent)
Ⅲ.短语填空
approve of　 account for sth　be based on
in response　 refer to
1.Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2020 to 2024 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2024.
2.His story is based on his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University.
3.It is reported that he referred to global warming for many times in his speech.
4.In response to the audience’s great demand,the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
5.I approve of your accompanying him to Beijing,but please do be careful.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Saturday,we attended a lecture 1.given (give) by a knowledgeable linguist on how to be a 2.competent (competence) communicator.
Firstly,we should figure out the whole procedure of communication 3.which/that involves the encoding,decoding and feedback of information.Besides,obtain as much as others’ information so that we can choose the best communication channel that 4.suits (suit) the situation.For example,when we negotiate 5.with a large enterprise,we should talk in a straightforward way.6.Additionally (addition),proper body language can help us avoid friction.Lastly,the value of 7.empathy (empathize) should be accented.In other words,it is important that we should put 8.ourselves (we) in their shoes.While we may not approve of others’ ideas,we try to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone.
In 9.a word,from the lecture,we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and 10.broadened (broad) our minds!
1.react vi.(对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应→reaction n.反应;回应;副作用
佳句背诵　
Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.
我们只有冷静地应对生活中的紧急情况,才能更好地解决问题。
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起(化学)反应
react against 反对;反抗;反叛
in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对
以练促学　单句语法填空
①As the knowledgeable expert says,children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
②The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water,from which we gain a lot.
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. (2024·九省市联考)
2.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.赞成,同意;批准,认可
→disapprove vi.& vt.不赞成;不同意→disapproval n.不赞成;反对
佳句背诵　
We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.
如果您批准我们的提议,我们将不胜感激。
approve sth 批准某事
approve of 赞成;同意
give one’s approval to 赞同,批准
get/win one’s approval 得到某人的同意;赢得某人的赞同
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval (approve) section signed. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②I approve of your trying (try) to earn some money in your spare time.
③When Mark shared his work, his art teacher gave him an approving smile. (动作描写)
马克分享作品时,美术老师给了他一个赞许的微笑。
教考衔接　单句写作
④My teacher approved of/gave her/his approval to my idea on how to polish my original article. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师赞同我关于如何润色我的原创文章的想法。
3.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信→correspondence n.一致;相似;通信;信件
佳句背诵　
If you have any question,please correspond with me at your earliest convenience. (结束语)
如果你有任何问题,请尽早和我通信。
correspond with/to 与……相符/一致
correspond with sb 和某人通信
be in correspondence with... 和……通信
以练促学　单句写作
①I used to be in correspondence with my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient. (correspondence)
我过去经常写信与朋友联络,而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Only when we make our actions correspond with our words can we win the trust of others. (主旨升华,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
只有言行一致,我们才能赢得他人的信任。
4.behave vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
佳句背诵　
As a citizen,we should behave ourselves,obeying laws,rules and regulations. (倡议书)
作为一个公民,我们应该举止得体,遵守法律法规和规章制度。
behave oneself/well 守规矩/举止得体
well behaved adj. 表现好的
badly behaved adj. 表现差的
以练促学　语段训练
①It is suggested that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well behaved guest,you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them. (建议信)
建议你参加宴会时举止得体。作为一个举止得体的客人,你不应把筷子插在食物里,或者用筷子指着他人。
教考衔接　单句写作
②She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also how to behave well. (人物介绍,2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
她不仅教给我们如何获得知识,而且教我们如何举止得体。
5.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→embarrass vt.使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难→
embarrassing adj.令人害羞的;令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.害羞;窘迫;难堪;
令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
佳句背诵　
Amazed and embarrassed,she felt as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her. (心理描写)
既惊讶又尴尬,她感觉所有的空气都要消失了,全世界的人似乎都在看着她。
be embarrassed at/about 因……感到尴尬
to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
with/in embarrassment 尴尬地,窘迫地
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Embarrassed (embarrass) and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.
②Much to her embarrassment,she realized that everyone was staring at her.
让她特别尴尬的是,她意识到大家都在盯着她看。
教考衔接　单句写作
③His smile gave way to a look of concern.An embarrassing silence fell between us. (神情描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
6.more than超过,多于;不仅仅;很,非常;非……所能,是……难以……的
佳句背诵　
I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for/as a reward for your generous help. (感谢信)
我很乐意带你游玩北京,以报答你的慷慨帮助。
no more than 仅仅
not more than 不超过,至多
more A than B 与其说B倒不如说A
以练促学　单句写作
①She was more sad than angry when her son lied.
当她的儿子撒谎时,她与其说生气倒不如说伤心。
②It’s important to set a limit on your daily screen time; ideally, keep it to no more than two hours. (建议信)
为你的每日屏幕使用时间设定限制很重要;理想情况下,保持其不超过两小时。
教考衔接　单句写作
③As I thanked him for his faith in me, I also admitted that it was the process of writing, more than the contest itself, that had transformed me. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
感谢他信任我的同时,我也承认,改变我更多的是写作的过程,而非比赛本身。
片段巩固 用react;approve;behave;embarrassed;more than完成“建议信”片段
写作提示:如何应对困难很重要→首先,认可自己的努力和进步→其次,和别人交流时,一定举止得体→如果你犯了让自己感到尴尬的错误,不要太担心→谨记:你所遇到的挫折不仅仅是问题,它们也是提升自己的机会
　　I am sorry to know you’ve been having a hard time recently. How you react to difficulties matters a lot. To begin with,You should approve of your efforts and progress, no matter how small they are.Besides,when you communicate with others, be sure to behave appropriately.Most importantly, don’t be too worried if you make mistakes that make you feel embarrassed. Remember:the setbacks you encounter are more than problems; they are also chances to improve yourself.
句型公式:no sooner...than...
课本原句:No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。
佳句背诵　
No sooner had the writer stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause,showing their sincere admiration for him.
这个作家一走上舞台,观众就爆发出了雷鸣般的掌声,对他表示由衷的钦佩。
(1)no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句,主句通常用过去完成时,从句通常用一般过去时。
(2)no sooner位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有hardly...when...。
(3)常见的表示“一……就……”的句式还有:as soon as...;the moment/minute/instant;immediately/instantly/directly;on/upon+ n./v. ing...
以练促学　一句多译
①一看到可怕的熊,我就屏住呼吸,一动也不敢动。 (心理描写,2020·浙江7月卷)
→No sooner had I seen a frightening bear than I held my breath,not daring to make a movement. (no sooner...than...,倒装)
→Hardly had I seen a frightening bear when I held my breath,not daring to make a movement. (hardly...when...,倒装)
→On/Upon seeing a frightening bear,I held my breath,not daring to make a movement. (On/Upon doing...)
教考衔接　单句写作
②Upon/On hearing the shot of the race,everyone just rushed forward;only a small thin body was staggering behind. (动作描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一听到比赛的枪声,大家就都向前冲去了,只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The study shows that someone allergic to milk is likely to react badly to cheese. vi.过敏
2.She gestured her disappointment by laying her hand on her forehead. vt.做手势,用手势表示
3.It was strange that the divorce was not contested. vt.就……提出异议
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信
①The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor. vi.类似于
②Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard. vi.相一致,符合
③Although they parted,the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort. vi.通信
2.more than 不仅仅,不止;超过;非常
①New research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long,warm summer days to get jobs done.(2023·全国甲卷) 超过
②This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(2023·全国甲卷) 不仅仅,不止
③Thank you,Peter.I’m more than happy to be here.(2023·浙江1月卷) 非常
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we began our picking under the guidance of experienced owners.
2.When criticised that what he said was not consistent with what he did,he smiled in embarrassment (embarrass).
3.It is universally acknowledged that all of us are expected to mind our behavio(u)r (behave) in public.
4.You have approved of my idea,which is a privilege for me.
5.Advertising can influence consumers’ moods,which in turn can influence consumers’ reactions to products.
6.Although I resigned,I always corresponded with my former colleagues to get mental comfort.
7.They have been working hard day and night,which,of course,accounts for their pale face.
8.We should feel sympathy for the disabled rather than make fun of them.
9.While selecting job applicants,we usually give preference to those with some experience.
10.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
维度三　完成句子
1.While the weather was cold and rainy, we decided to continue our hike and enjoy the adventure.
尽管天气寒冷且下着雨,我们还是决定继续徒步旅行,享受这次冒险。
2.Even under/in this circumstance,he still spared no effort to improve himself.
即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。
3.So convenient are social networking apps that we tend to keep track of others’ updates through them.
社交网络应用非常方便,因而我们倾向于通过它们来了解他人的最新消息。
4.They shared their stories with us and provided us with much precious life experience.　他们与我们分享了他们的故事,并为我们提供了许多宝贵的生活经验。
5.Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends.
当我们与朋友发生冲突时,设身处地为他们着想是非常重要的。
6.There is no doubt that reading broadens our minds and enhances our understanding of the world.　毫无疑问,阅读能开阔我们的眼界,增加我们对世界的理解。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——学生是否应该在网上交友)
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。内容包括:
1.赞成的理由;
2.反对的理由;
3.你的看法。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①对于学生是否应该在网上交友,不同的人有不同的反应。 (react,whether引导宾语从句)
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.
②有些人支持它,认为通过在线聊天,学生可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见,甚至可以获得外语学习的帮助。 (approve,现在分词短语作状语)
Some people approve of it,believing that through chatting online,students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.
③其他反对此观点的人认为网上交友没有好处。 (oppose,who引导定语从句)
Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online.
④他们说,在网上交朋友是浪费时间,这会使学生沉迷于虚拟的世界。 (which引导非限制性定语从句)
They say making friends online is a waste of time,which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world.
⑤我认为,我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界,并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在其他事情之上。 (broaden one’s mind,同位语从句)
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study,health and safety above other things.
⑥至于友谊,我更喜欢在我们的同学和我们周围的人身上找到它。 (prefer)
As for friendship,I prefer to find it in our classmates and other people around us.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Should Students Make Friends Online
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.
Some people approve of it,believing that through chatting online,students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online.They say making friends online is a waste of time,which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world.
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study,health and safety above other things.As for friendship,I prefer to find it in our classmates and other people around us.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:Seth是一位新生,性格害羞,不易接触。一次,Brit老师播放了一段滑板视频,发现Seth对此很感兴趣。为了进一步与他建立联系,Brit邀请他放学后一起去滑板公园,但Seth拒绝了。当得知Seth没有滑板时,Brit意识到来自低收入家庭的孩子们可能无法负担这样的娱乐活动。
场景续写1:Brit与她最好的朋友Zach,一名职业滑板手,分享了这个故事→Zach提出送几样礼物给Seth:一块由Zach签名并专业滑行过的二手职业滑板;一块新滑板;还有一封信
Brit shared the story with her best friend,Zach,a professional skateboarder.　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
场景续写2:开始是两个人一起为一个小男孩做好事,很快发展成一种草根力量→Zach收集二手滑板装备→将这些捐赠品运往夏威夷→由Brit分发给孩子们→Brit认为滑板是生活的另一个课堂→Seth放下了戒备→接受了Brit的提议→Brit看到Seth取得迅速的进步很开心
What began as two people coming together to do a good deed for one young boy quickly blossomed (发展) into a grassroots effort.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Brit shared the story with her best friend,Zach,a professional skateboarder.Seeing an opportunity to help a child’s dream become a reality,Zach offered to give Seth a few presents:a used pro model skateboard,signed by Zach and professionally ridden by him,for Seth to hang on the wall at home;a new board for Seth to ride until the wheels fell off;and a letter.“It is amazing where skateboarding can take you in the world,” Zach wrote.“Skating will make you feel better in hard times and make good times even better! Never be afraid of other skaters either,we are one family!”
What began as two people coming together to do a good deed for one young boy quickly blossomed (发展) into a grassroots effort.Zach would collect used equipment—surfboards and skateboards,leashes,fins,helmets,kneepads and more—at his brick and mortar shop in Encinitas,the Social Surf Club,and ship the donations to Hawaii for Brit to hand out to the kids.As for Brit,she sees skateboarding as another one of life’s classrooms.Seth eventually let his guard down and took Brit up on her offer.The two have since spent many afternoons skating together,and she loves to see Seth make rapid progress.
　　(全国Ⅲ卷七选五)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.　36　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
　37　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant.
　38　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.　39　
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.　40　 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A.This isn’t usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
真题再做
36.　　　　　37.　　　　　38.　　　　
39.　　　　　40.　　　　
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了乔迁聚会这一习俗的意义、礼物的选择、活动内容及由来等。
36.E　[由空格前的“The party is a chance for...”及空格后的“And it is a good time to...”可推断该空格也应该是讲乔迁聚会的好处,故选E项“它也给人们一个去看看新房子的样子的机会”。]
37.B　[空格位于第二段的段首,结合本段内容可知,空格处应与乔迁聚会时所带礼物有关,故选B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”。先提出应该带礼物,后面讲述如何选礼物等。]
38.C　[空格后的This是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断This是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。]
39.A　[空格前提到,有时候,因为某人刚刚搬进新家就举行乔迁聚会,所以参加聚会的人有可能要帮忙拆包物品。能与此语意承接的只有A项“但这种情况并不常见”。A项中的This指的是客人帮主人拆包物品。]
40.G　[上文说很久以前人们带木柴去新家作为礼物,由此可判断G项“这样主人就可以在冬天的时候使家里保持温暖”与此语意吻合。即过去人们送木柴做礼物是为了让主人取暖过冬。]
思维建模
运用语法手段(代词指代)解题
在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词,我们要思考该代词替代上下文中的什么内容,意义是否通顺。
以例示法(如38题)
空格后的this是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断this是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:apartment n.公寓; Para.2:registry n.登记册; Para.3:unpack v.打开; Para.4:firewood n.木柴 Para.1:move into搬进;throw a party举办聚会;congratulate on祝贺;Para.2:decorate with用……装饰;a piece of art一件艺术品; Para.3:share with和……分享;give a tour进行参观; Para.4:keep warm保暖;central heating中央供暖
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句,主句结构为主谓宾状;that引导同位语从句,解释和说明fact的内容。 [尝试翻译]　乔迁聚会的名字来自很久以前人们会带木柴作为礼物送到新家这个事实。 [语言赏析]　句子通过a long time ago明确了时间线,强调了这个传统的历史和文化背景。这种时间标注让读者能够理解这个传统的悠久历史,并通过时间上的对比,增强对现代与过去做法变化的认知。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity.People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study,published in the medical publication The Lan cet,said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19,the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity,and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death,” declared the lead writer of the study,Majid Ezzati,a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022,member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far,31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition,governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies.They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London’s Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations.But they are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people,meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters,“In the past,we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich,but obesity is a problem of the world.Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity,they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关肥胖的新的研究发现,并分析了肥胖这一社会性问题、采取的相应措施以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
A.Satisfying. B.Amazing.
C.Astonishing. D.Puzzling.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight...Obesity among adults has more than doubled...increased by four times during the same period”可知,世界上的肥胖人数众多,有八分之一的人口肥胖,且肥胖率自1990年以来增加了一倍多。由此可见,肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字,故选C项。]
2.What is included in the plan led by 31 governments
A.Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B.Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C.Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower priced obesity drugs to people.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”(加强对学校体育活动的要求)可知,31个政府带头执行的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视,故选C项。]
3.What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”
A.Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C.Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D.Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates...are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知,其他国家的 肥胖率迅速增加,一些国家还有很多体重不足的人,这些国家正在面临着被Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见,Ezzati提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题,故选B项。]
4.What is Branca’s attitude to the obesity problem
A.Negative. B.Indifferent.
C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知,Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题,而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等现象。由此可见,Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的,故选A项。]
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了1986年,Charles国王建议与植物交谈,这一想法最初遭到嘲笑,但现在有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应,并可能产生声音。
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“In 1986...a thought initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。]
6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Heidi和Reginald通过研究发现,暴露在毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声中的叶子明显含有更高水平的防御性化学物质,这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际影响,比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁,为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即通过刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。]
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Monica的进一步研究表明,像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水,因此即使是在无法接触到水的情况下,它们的根也会对与水有关的震动做出反应。这一发现可以对防止植物的根系对下水道系统造成损害,而解决办法可能是购买一种可以在水流经过时保持静音的管道。由此可知,使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统,故选B项。]
8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
答案　C　[写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍了三个研究作为该观点的证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湘潭高三模拟)
Smith brought his three month old son out for breakfast one day.He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating,and just doing his 　1　 thing.
But then he noticed a 　2　 staring at him.He was 　3　.“What is going on ” “They kept 　4　 at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it 　5　,the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son,and they felt inspired while watching the 　6　.Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal.He was given by the waiter a 　7　 from the couple,saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　8　 for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read.“　9　 your time with that baby as long as possible.The Masons.”
For Smith,it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling 　10　.He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn’t have a father figure growing up,so spending this time with his son is super 　11　 to him.
He wrote that he’ll share this 　12　 with his son when he’s older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the 　13　 of giving back.
“I make sure I’m 　14　,” Smith wrapped.“I get blessed—I want to 　15　 someone else.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在饭店一边吃饭,一边和儿子玩耍并照顾他。一对夫妇看到这一场景,很感动,主动给他们提供了餐费。这位父亲决定将这份爱心传递下去,并让他儿子知道善举的意义。
1.A.unusual B.rare
C.big D.regular
答案　D　[句意:他和儿子一起玩,一边吃饭一边照顾他,做着平常做的事情。unusual不寻常的;rare稀少的;big大的;regular常规的。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him”可知,他做着平常的事情,故选D项。]
2.A.stranger B.woman
C.couple D.waiter
答案　C　[句意:但他注意到有一对夫妇盯着他看。stranger陌生人;woman女人;couple夫妇;waiter服务生。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,一对夫妇盯着他看,故选C项。]
3.A.embarrassed B.confused
C.worried D.scared
答案　B　[句意:他很困惑。embarrassed尴尬的;confused困惑的;worried担忧的;scared惊恐的。根据上文“But then he noticed a 　　　　staring at him.”以及下文“What is going on ”可知,史密斯很困惑,不知道对方为什么盯着他看,故选B项。]
4.A.shouting B.aiming
C.smiling D.getting
答案　C　[句意:他们一直对我微笑。shout喊叫;aim力求达到;smile微笑;get获得。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,这对夫妇一直对着史密斯微笑,故选C项。]
5.A.turns out B.turns on
C.strikes out D.goes on
答案　A　[句意:事实证明,陌生人只是很高兴看到一个父亲和他的儿子在一起,他们看到这种关系受到鼓舞。turn out结果是,证明是;turn on打开;strike out开始行动;go on继续。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,此处是对上文史密斯的疑惑作出解释,阐述事实真相,turn out“结果是,证明是”符合语境,故选A项。]
6.A.relationship B.appreciation
C.friendship D.instruction
答案　A　[句意同上。relationship关系;appreciation感激;friendship友谊;instruction指示。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating”可知,这对夫妇看到史密斯和儿子在一起,父子之间关系融洽的场景让他们受到鼓舞,故选A项。]
7.A.bill B.note
C.excuse D.notice
答案　B　[句意:服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留的纸条,上面写着他是一个很伟大的父亲,他们想给他留一些钱。bill账单;note短笺,纸条;excuse借口;notice通知。根据下文“saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　　　　for his meal.”以及“‘Today your meal is on my wife and me,’it read.”可知,服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留下的纸条,故选B项。]
8.A.credit B.cash
C.change D.fortune
答案　B　[句意同上。credit信用;cash现金;change改变;fortune运气。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,夫妇想给史密斯留一些现金来请客,故选B项。]
9.A.Enjoy B.Share
C.Protect D.Cheer
答案　A　[句意:好好享受你和孩子在一起的时光吧。enjoy享受;share分享;protect保护;cheer欢呼。根据上文“Smith brought his three month old...while eating,and just doing his 　　　　thing.”可知,夫妇让史密斯好好享受和孩子在一起的时光,故选A项。]
10.A.lost B.exposed
C.wronged D.seen
答案　D　[句意:对史密斯来说,这是一个快乐的时刻,让他感到被认可,感觉自己被关注了。lose丢失;expose暴露;wrong不公正地对待;see看到,关注。根据上文“staring at him”可知,史密斯被夫妇关注了,故选D项。]
11.A.significant B.occasional
C.grateful D.influential
答案　A　[句意:他被这种慷慨感动了,他认为自己的成长过程中父亲是缺位的,所以和儿子在一起的时间对他来说非常重要。significant重要的;occasional偶尔的;grateful感激的;influential有影响力的,故选A项。]
12.A.idea B.breakfast
C.joy D.story
答案　D　[句意:他写道,当他的儿子长大后,他会和他分享这个故事,他想教导他善良和回报的力量。idea观点;breakfast早餐;joy快乐;story故事。设空处指代上文所讲的这个故事。当他的儿子长大后,史密斯会和他分享这个故事,故选D项。]
13.A.feeling B.comfort
C.power D.consequence
答案　C　[句意同上。feeling感觉;comfort安慰;power力量;consequence结果。根据“he wants to teach him kindness”和“of giving back”可知,他想教他善良和回报的力量,故选C项。]
14.A.carrying it through
B.paying it forward
C.making it up
D.putting it down
答案　B　[句意:我要确保我把爱传递出去。carry it through坚持到底;pay it forward将接受的恩惠传递下去;make it up组成;put it down放下。根据下文“I get blessed—I want to 　　　　someone else.”可推断,史密斯要传递善意,故选B项。]
15.A.approach B.address
C.bless D.watch
答案　C　[句意:我得到了祝福——我想祝福别人。approach接近;address演讲;bless祝福;watch观看。根据上文“I get blessed”可知,他得到了别人的祝福,也想祝福别人,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·湖北高三联考)
In the 12th century,the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an.Near Lin’an,on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou.Given its location near the capital and its 1.　　　　　　 (nature) beauty,Suzhou became a preferred place 2.　　　　　　 (live).Thus,there were over 300 gardens 3.　　　　　　 (build) here,and more than 60 are still in 4.　　　　　　 (exist).
Among these gardens,the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous,and water pools take up 5.　　　　　　 third of its area.6.　　　　　　 (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees,all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below.As is typical of Suzhou gardens,this garden 7.　　　　　　 (separate) into different sections,offering various kinds of spaces 8.　　　　　　 diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden,no simple description of the garden will do.9. 　
you have to do is walk among the water pools and plants,enjoy every moment, 10. 　
find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的历史,以及其最大、最著名的园林拙政园的景观和参观方式。
1.natural　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词beauty,应用形容词,故填natural。]
2.to live　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是became,此处是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词place,故填to live。]
3.built　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句是there be句型,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语over 300 gardens之间是动宾关系,故填built。]
4.existence　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达in existence,意为“存在”。句意:因此,这里建造了300多座园林,并且如今仍有60多座保存完好,故填existence。]
5.a/one　[考查固定表达。此处考查分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子是“1”的话,可以用a或者one表示,故填a/one。]
6.Surrounding　[考查倒装句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个倒装句,正常语序为“A luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees is surrounding the water pools.”且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Surrounding。]
7.is separated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句介绍园林的基本情况,时态用一般现在时;主语this garden与separate之间是被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,故填is separated。]
8.in　[考查介词。结合句意“作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林被划分成了不同的部分,呈现不同形状和大小的空间,以此代表不同情绪和感觉”可知,此处表示“不同的形状和大小”,shape与size常与介词in搭配,故介词in。]
9.What　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是is,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填What。]
10.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的动词walk和enjoy与空后的动词find形成并列关系,故填and。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.2:severe adj.极为恶劣的,十分严重的;严厉的,苛刻的;declare v.公布,宣布,宣告;表明,宣称,断言;Para.4:enact v.通过(法律),扮演;nutrition n.营养,滋养;营养学;awareness n.知道,认识,意识
B Para.1:initially adv.开始,起初;potentially adv.潜在地,可能地;Para.2:striking adj.惊人的; significantly adv.重大地,显著地;alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的;可替代的; Para.3:implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;Para.4:insufficient adj.不充分的,不足的;address v.设法解决,处理;演讲;向……说话;致函;Para.5:fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;perceive v.注意到,察觉到
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:one in eight八分之一;Para.2:long list of一长串的;Para.5:double burden双重负担; nutrition problems营养问题
B Para.2:be sensitive to对……敏感;Para.3:invest in投资;Para.5:cast light on sth使了解某事,使(问题等)较容易理解(共155张PPT)
UNIT 2　Understanding each other
选择性必修第四册
主题语境:良好的人际关系与社会交往
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.decode vt.　　 解(码),破译(尤指密码)
2.bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的;用两种语言(写)的
3.feedback n. 反馈的意见(或信息)
4.jam n. 果酱;拥挤,堵塞
5.tank n. 坦克;(贮放液体或气体的)罐
6.tribe n. 部落
7.enterprise n. 公司,企业;规划,事业
8.friction n. 争执;摩擦;摩擦力
9.straightforward adj. 坦诚的;简单的
10.empathy n. 同感,共鸣,同情
11.golf n. 高尔夫球运动
12.canteen n. 食堂,餐厅
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.obtain a clear result　　 得到一个明确的结果
2.a knowledgeable teacher 一位知识渊博的老师
3.make adjustments to your tone 调整你的语气
4.gain others’ respect 得到别人的尊重
5.communicate with parents through gestures
通过手势与父母交流
6.enlarge your vocabulary 扩大你的词汇量
7.He is somewhat annoyed. 他有点恼火。
8.recite Tang poems 背诵唐诗
9.improve our handwriting 提高我们的书写
10.cite a famous saying 引用一句名言
11.stand by a fence 站在栅栏旁
12.with a strong accent 带很浓的口音
13.welcome you to China warmly and sincerely
热情而真诚地欢迎您来到中国
14.correspond with friends 与朋友通信
15.win a contest 赢得比赛
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.react vi. (对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应
　reaction n. 反应;回应;副作用
2.gentle adj. 温柔的;温和的;柔和的
　gently adv. 温柔地;温和地
3.competent adj. 足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的
　competence n. 能力,胜任
4.suit vt. 满足需要;相配,合身
　　 n. 套装,西装,西服
　suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的
5.negotiate vt.& vi. 谈判;商定,达成(协议)
　negotiation n. 谈判;磋商;协商
6.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂,阐明
　clarification n. 说(阐)明;解释;澄清
7.sympathy n. 同情;赞同
　sympathetic adj. 同情的,有同情心的
8.approve vi.& vt. 赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)
　approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;通过
　disapprove vi. & vt. 不赞成;不同意
　disapproval n. 不赞成;反对
9.precise adj. 准确的;确切的;精确的
　precisely adv. 准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实
10.prefer vt. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……
　preference n. 偏爱;偏爱的事物
11.embarrass vt. 使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难
　embarrassed adj. 窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的
　embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的;令人害羞的
　embarrassment n. 窘迫;难堪;令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
12.intend vi. & vt. 计划;打算
　intention n. 意图,计划
13.behave vi.& vt. 表现得体,有礼貌;表现
　behaviour n. 行为;举止;习性
14.tolerate vt.　　 容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受
　tolerance n. 容忍;忍受;宽容
　tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的
15.fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的,熟练的
　fluently adv. 流利地;流畅地
　fluency n. 流利;流畅
16.oppose vt. 反对,抵制;与……对垒
　opposed adj. 反对的;对立的
　opposition n. 反对,反抗
17.reject vt. 拒绝接受,不予考虑;不录用;排斥,排异
　rejection n. 拒绝接受;不录用;冷落
18.tend vi. 趋向,倾向
　tendency n. 趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好
19.intervene vi. 出面,介入;干扰
　intervention n. 干涉行为,干预
20.fold vt. 折叠,对折;包,裹
　　　n. 褶,褶层,折叠部分
　unfold vt. & vi. 打开;呈现
21.slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜;陷入
　　　n. 差错;纸条;滑跤
　slippery adj. 滑的;油滑的;靠不住的
22.empathy n. 同感,共鸣,同情
　empathize vi. 有同感,产生共鸣
23.integrate vt.& vi. (使)合并;(使)加入
　integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
　integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好
24.language n. 语言(表达);术语;粗话;语言风格
　linguist n. 语言学家;通晓数国语言的人
25.correspond vi. 类似于;相一致,符合;通信
　correspondence n. 一致;相似;通信;信件
26.cooperate vi. 合作,协作;协助,配合
　cooperation n. 合作
27.pure adj. 纯净的;完全的;纯粹的
　purely adv. 仅仅;完全
　purify vt. 净化;使纯净
　purity n. 纯净,纯洁
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.in response　 作为回答,作为回应
2.out of style 过时的
3.broaden one’s mind 拓展视野,开阔眼界
4.under this circumstance 在这种情况下
5.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地,设身处地
6.refer to　 参考;指的是;提到;查阅
7.come about 产生,发生
8.account for sth 是……的说明(或原因); (数量上、比例上)占
9.more than 超过,多于;不仅仅;很,非常
10.function as 作为,起……作用,具有……功能
11.tend to 倾向于
12.approve of 赞成,赞同
13.be based on 以……为基础
14.be interpreted as被理解为
15.share...with... 与某人分享……
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.When spoken by a stranger,they can function as a means of attracting your attention.(状语从句的省略)
　如果是一个陌生人说的话,这可以作为引起你注意的一种方式。
2.Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use,but also on how we use them.(not only...but also...)
　我们交流的大部分内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语,还取决于我们如何使用它们。
3.Once you have obtained this information,you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.(once引导条件状语从句)
　一旦你获得了这些信息,你就可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们
沟通。
4.While being knowledgeable about body language is vital,the value of empathy should not be understated.(while引导让步状语从句)
　虽然了解肢体语言很重要,但同情心的价值也不应该被低估。
5.No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(no sooner...than...)
　我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。
6.It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
(强调句型)
　也正是通过那些词,新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。
词汇横拓串记
后缀-fy动词一览 “赞成”与“反对”的高频词语荟萃 盘点come相关短语
①clear→clarify阐明 ②class→classify把……分类 ③simple→simplify简化 ④beauty→beautify美化 ⑤identity→identify识别 ⑥quality→qualify 使……具有资格 (1)赞成;支持 favour,support,be for,back up,approve of,be in favour of (2)反对 oppose,disapprove,object to,be opposed to,be against ①come about发生(无被动形式)
②come across(偶然)遇见,碰见
③come on加油;到来;得了吧
④come out出版;结果是;(花)开放
⑤come up走近;上来;被提及
⑥come up with提出;想出(主意、计划、答案等)
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.decode this message 　　　　　　此消息
2.receive feedback from our listeners
接收来自我们的听众的　　　　　
3.negotiate with a large enterprise
与一家大　　　　　　进行谈判
解码
Step One　写一写
反馈
企业
4.in a straightforward manner 以　　　　　　方式
5.cause friction 引起　　　　　
6.the value of empathy 　　　　　　的价值
7.the members of the tribe 这个　　　　　　的成员
8.bilingual speakers 　　　　　　者
9.the Student Canteen 学生　　　　　
直截了当的
摩擦
同情
部落
双语
食堂
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　获得,赢得
2.　　　　　　 n. 词汇,词汇量
3.　　　　　　 n. 语气,腔调;风格,特色
4.　　　　　　 n. 手势,姿势;姿态,表示
vt.& vi. 做手势,用手势表示
5.　　　　　　 adv. 真诚地,诚实地
obtain
vocabulary
tone
gesture
sincerely
6.　　　　　　 n. 手写,书写;笔迹,书法
7.　　　　　　 n. 比赛,竞赛;争夺,竞争
vt. 争取赢得;争辩,就……提出异议
8.　　　　　　 n. 口音,腔调;重音;着重点,强调
9.　　　 　　　 adj. 博学的,有见识的
10.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.获得;增进,增长; (从……中)受益
n. 好处,利益
11.　　　　　　 adv. 有点,有几分,稍微
handwriting
contest
accent
knowledgeable
gain
somewhat
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　容许,允许;忍受,容忍;能经受
　　　　　　　 n. 容忍;忍受;宽容
　　　　　　　 adj. 宽容的;容忍的
2.　　　　　　 adj. 足以胜任的,有能力的,称职的
　　　　　　　 n. 能力,胜任
tolerate
tolerance
tolerant
competent
competence
3.　　　　　　 vt. 使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难
　　　　　　　 adj. 窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的
　　　　　　　 adj. 令人尴尬的;令人害羞的
　　 　　　　　 n. 窘迫;难堪;令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
4.　　　　　　 vt. 使更清晰易懂,阐明
　　　　　　　 n. 说(阐)明;解释;澄清
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
clarify
clarification
5.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现
　　　　　　　 n. 行为;举止;习性
6.　　　　　　 n. 同情;赞同
　　　　　　　 adj. 同情的,有同情心的
7.　　　　　　 adj. (尤指外语)流利的,熟练的
　　　　　　　 adv. 流利地;流畅地
　　　　　　　 n. 流利;流畅
behave
behaviour
sympathy
sympathetic
fluent
fluently
fluency
8.　　　　　　 vi. & vt.计划;打算
　　　　　　　 n. 意图,计划
9.　　　　　　 vi. 出面,介入;干扰
　　　　　　　 n. 干涉行为,干预
10.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)合并;(使)加入
　　　　　　　 adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
　　　　　　　 n. 诚实正直;完整;完好
intend
intention
intervene
intervention
integrate
integrated
integrity
11.　　　　　　 adj. 纯净的;完全的;纯粹的
　　　　　　　 adv. 仅仅;完全
　　　　　　　 vt. 净化;使纯净
　　　　　　　 n. 纯净,纯洁
12.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)
　　　　　　　 n. 赞成;同意;批准;通过
　　　　　　　 vi. & vt.不赞成;不同意
　　　　　　　 n. 不赞成;反对
13.　　　　　　 vt. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……
　　　　　　　 n. 偏爱;偏爱的事物
pure
purely
purify
purity
approve
approval
disapprove
disapproval
prefer
preference
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　作为回答,作为回应
2.　　　　　　　 作为,起……作用, 具有……功能
3.　　　　　　　 是……的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占
4.　　　　　　　 产生,发生
5.　　　　　　　 过时的
in response
function as
account for sth
come about
out of style
6.approve of 　　　　　　　
7.refer to 　　　　　　 　
8.be based on 　　　　　　　
9.broaden one's mind 　　　　　　 　
10.under this circumstance 　　　　　　　
赞成,赞同
参考; 指的是; 提到; 查阅
以……为基础
拓展视野,开阔眼界
在这种情况下
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:not only...but also...
　　 　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　 but it also strengthens my learning ability.(倒装句,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
英文报Youth不仅丰富了我枯燥的校园生活而且增强了我的学习
能力。
Not only does the English newspaper “Youth” enrich my boring campus life
2.句型公式:强调句型
From my point of view,　　　　　
helped her build up the confidence and make a change.
在我看来,正是她母亲的鼓励帮助她建立了信心并做出改变。
it was her mother's encouragement that
3.句型公式:no sooner...than...
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　we plunged ourselves into action. (2022·浙江1月卷)
我们一制定出计划就投入了行动。
No sooner had we worked out our plan than
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.You should enlarge your v　　　　　　,which can help you effectively communicate with others.
2.I s　　　　　　 hope you can follow my advice,which will surely benefit you.
3.Judging from your a　　　　　　,you come from the West,if I'm not mistaken.
ocabulary
Step Two　练一练
incerely
ccent
4.There is nothing to be g　　　　　　 from delaying the decision.
5.It is important to know the meaning of g　　　　　　 and movements in the foreign country.
ained
estures
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.　　　　　　 yourself or you will be laughed at by others because of your bad 　　　　　　.(behave)
2.I admire you for your 　　　　　　,because you can
　　　　　　things which can't be 　　　　　　.(tolerate)
3.In the past,I had a 　　　　　　for physics.In other words,
I 　　　　　　to study it.(prefer)
Behave
behavio(u)r
tolerance
tolerate
tolerant
preference
preferred
4.If you want to win your parents' 　　　　　　,you should do well at school instead of 　　　　　　 them.(approve)
5.What you did was 　　　　　　,making the guest very
　　　　　　and it also 　　　　　　　me.(embarrass)
6.I am 　 　 in English.That is to say,I speak English
　　　　　　.Others admire my 　　　　　　in English.(fluent)
approval
disapproving
embarrassing
embarrassed
embarrassed
fluent
fluently
fluency
Ⅲ.短语填空
approve of　account for sth　be based on　in response　refer to
1.Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2020 to 2024 and 　　　　　　80% of all Internet traffic by 2024.
2.His story 　　　　　　his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University.
account for
is based on
3.It is reported that he 　　　　　　global warming for many times in his speech.
4.　　　　　　 to the audience's great demand,the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
5.I 　　　　　　your accompanying him to Beijing,but please do be careful.
referred to
In response
approve of
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Saturday,we attended a lecture 1.　　　　　　 (give) by a knowledgeable linguist on how to be a 2.　　　　　　 (competence) communicator.
given
competent
Firstly,we should figure out the whole procedure of communication 3.　　　　　　 involves the encoding,decoding and feedback of information.Besides,obtain as much as others' information so that we can choose the best communication channel that 4.　　　　　　 (suit) the situation.For example,when we negotiate 5.　　　　　　 a large enterprise,we should talk in a straightforward way.6.　　　　　　 (addition),proper body language
which/that
suits
with
Additionally
can help us avoid friction.Lastly,the value of 7. 　 　　　 (empathize) should be accented.In other words,it is important that we should put
8.　　　　　　 (we) in their shoes.While we may not approve of others' ideas,we try to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone.
In 9.　　　　　　 word,from the lecture,we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and 10.　　　　　 (broad) our minds!
empathy
ourselves
a
broadened
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.react vi.(对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应→reaction
　n.反应;回应;副作用
佳句背诵　
Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.
我们只有冷静地应对生活中的紧急情况,才能更好地解决问题。
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起(化学)反应
react against 反对;反抗;反叛
in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对
以练促学　单句语法填空
①As the knowledgeable expert says,children tend to react
　　　　　　their parents by going against their wishes.
②The experiment shows how iron reacts 　　　　　　air and water,from which we gain a lot.
against
with
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react 　　　　　　risks.
(2024·九省市联考)
to
2.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.赞成,同意;批准,认可→disapprove vi.& vt.不赞成;不同意→disapproval n.不赞成;反对
佳句背诵　
We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.
如果您批准我们的提议,我们将不胜感激。
approve sth 批准某事
approve of 赞成;同意
give one’s approval to 赞同,批准
get/win one’s approval得到某人的同意; 赢得某人的赞同
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian
　　　　　　(approve) section signed.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②I approve of your 　　　　　　(try) to earn some money in your spare time.
③When Mark shared his work, his art teacher
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(动作描写)
马克分享作品时,美术老师给了他一个赞许的微笑。
approval
trying
gave him an approving smile
教考衔接　单句写作
④My teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on how to polish my original article.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师赞同我关于如何润色我的原创文章的想法。
approved of/gave her/his approval to my idea
3.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信→correspondence n.一致;
相似;通信;信件
佳句背诵　
If you have any question,please correspond with me at your earliest convenience.(结束语)
如果你有任何问题,请尽早和我通信。
correspond with/to 与……相符/一致
correspond with sb 和某人通信
be in correspondence with... 和……通信
以练促学　单句写作
①I used to be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.
(correspondence)
我过去经常写信与朋友联络,而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Only when we 　　 　　　　 can we win the trust of others.(主旨升华,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
只有言行一致,我们才能赢得他人的信任。
in correspondence with my friends by letters
make our actions correspond with our words
4.behave vi.& vt.表现得体,有礼貌;表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
佳句背诵　
As a citizen,we should behave ourselves,obeying laws,rules and regulations.(倡议书)
作为一个公民,我们应该举止得体,遵守法律法规和规章制度。
behave oneself/well 守规矩/举止得体
well-behaved adj. 表现好的
badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
以练促学　语段训练
①It is suggested that 　　　　　　　　　　　　when attending feasts.　　　　　　　　　　　　,you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them.(建议信)
建议你参加宴会时举止得体。作为一个举止得体的客人,你不应把筷子插在食物里,或者用筷子指着他人。
you (should) behave yourself
As a well-behaved guest
教考衔接　单句写作
②She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (人物介绍,2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
她不仅教给我们如何获得知识,而且教我们如何举止得体。
how to behave well
5.embarrassed adj.窘迫的,尴尬的;拮据的→embarrass vt.使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难→embarrassing adj.令人害羞的;令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.害羞;窘迫;难堪; 令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
佳句背诵　
Amazed and embarrassed,she felt as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her.(心理描写)
既惊讶又尴尬,她感觉所有的空气都要消失了,全世界的人似乎都在看着她。
be embarrassed at/about 因……感到尴尬
to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
with/in embarrassment 尴尬地,窘迫地
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①　　　　　　 (embarrass) and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, she realized that everyone was staring at her.
让她特别尴尬的是,她意识到大家都在盯着她看。
Embarrassed
Much to her embarrassment
教考衔接　单句写作
③His smile gave way to a look of concern.　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　 between us. (神情描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
An embarrassing
silence fell
6.more than超过,多于;不仅仅;很,非常;非……所能,是……难以
……的
佳句背诵　
I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for/as a reward for your generous help.(感谢信)
我很乐意带你游玩北京,以报答你的慷慨帮助。
no more than 仅仅
not more than 不超过,至多
more A than B 与其说B倒不如说A
以练促学　单句写作
①She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when her son lied.
当她的儿子撒谎时,她与其说生气倒不如说伤心。
②It’s important to set a limit on your daily screen time; ideally,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.(建议信)
为你的每日屏幕使用时间设定限制很重要;理想情况下,保持其不超过两小时。
was more sad than angry
keep it to no more than two hours
教考衔接　单句写作
③As I thanked him for his faith in me, I also admitted that it was the process of writing, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, that had transformed me.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
感谢他信任我的同时,我也承认,改变我更多的是写作的过程,而非比赛本身。
more than the contest itself
I am sorry to know you've been having a hard time recently. How you react to difficulties matters a lot. To begin with,You should approve of your efforts and progress, no matter how small they are.Besides,when you communicate with others, be sure to behave appropriately.Most importantly, don't be too worried if you make mistakes that make you feel embarrassed. Remember:the setbacks you encounter are more than problems; they are also chances to improve yourself.
句型公式:no sooner...than...
课本原句:No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。
佳句背诵　
No sooner had the writer stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause,showing their sincere admiration for him.
这个作家一走上舞台,观众就爆发出了雷鸣般的掌声,对他表示由衷的钦佩。
(1)no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句,主句通常用过去完成时,从句通常用一般过去时。
(2)no sooner位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有hardly...when...。
(3)常见的表示“一……就……”的句式还有:as soon as...;the moment/minute/instant;immediately/instantly/directly;on/upon+ n./v.-ing...
以练促学　一句多译
①一看到可怕的熊,我就屏住呼吸,一动也不敢动。(心理描写,2020·浙江7月卷)
→　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 I held my breath,not daring to make a movement.(no sooner...than...,倒装)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　I held my breath,not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...,倒装)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I held my breath,not daring to make a movement.(On/Upon doing...)
No sooner had I seen a frightening bear than
Hardly had I seen a frightening bear when
On/Upon seeing a frightening bear
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,
everyone just rushed forward;only a small thin body was staggering behind.(动作描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一听到比赛的枪声,大家就都向前冲去了,只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
Upon/On hearing the shot of the race
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The study shows that someone allergic to milk is likely to react badly to cheese. 　　　　　
2.She gestured her disappointment by laying her hand on her forehead. 　 　　　　
3.It was strange that the divorce was not contested. 　 　　　　
vi.过敏
vt.做手势,用手势表示
vt.就……提出异议
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.correspond vi.类似于;相一致,符合;通信
vi.类似于
①The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor. 　　　　　
②Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard. 　 　　　　
③Although they parted,the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort. 　　　　　
vi.相一致,符合
vi.通信
2.more than 不仅仅,不止;超过;非常
超过
①New research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long,warm summer days to get jobs done.(2023·全国甲卷) 　　　　　
②This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. (2023·全国甲卷)
　　　　　
③Thank you,Peter.I’m more than happy to be here.(2023·浙江1月卷)
　　　　　
不仅仅,不止
非常
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Hardly had we arrived at the farm 　　　　　　 we began our picking under the guidance of experienced owners.
2.When criticised that what he said was not consistent with what he did,he smiled in 　　　　　 　(embarrass).
3.It is universally acknowledged that all of us are expected to mind our 　　　　　　(behave) in public.
when
embarrassment
behavio(u)r
4.You have approved 　　　　　　my idea,which is a privilege for me.
5.Advertising can influence consumers’ moods,which in turn can influence consumers’ reactions 　　　　　　products.
6.Although I resigned,I always corresponded 　　　　　　my former colleagues to get mental comfort.
7.They have been working hard day and night,which,of course, accounts　　　　　　 their pale face.
of
to
with
for
8.We should feel sympathy 　　　　　　the disabled rather than make fun of them.
9.While selecting job applicants,we usually give preference
　　　　　　those with some experience.
10.The results held true even after the scientists accounted
　　　　　　the participants’ overall health status.
for
to
for
维度三　完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　, we decided to continue our hike and enjoy the adventure.
　尽管天气寒冷且下着雨,我们还是决定继续徒步旅行,享受这次冒险。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he still spared no effort to improve himself.
　即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。
While the weather was cold and rainy
Even under/in this circumstance
3.So convenient are social networking apps that we
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　through them.
　社交网络应用非常方便,因而我们倾向于通过它们来了解他人的最新消息。
4.They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and provided us with much precious life experience.
　他们与我们分享了他们的故事,并为我们提供了许多宝贵的生活
经验。
tend to keep track of others' updates
shared their stories with us
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 when we have conflicts with friends.
　当我们与朋友发生冲突时,设身处地为他们着想是非常重要的。
6.There is no doubt that 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　and 　enhances our understanding of the world.
　毫无疑问,阅读能开阔我们的眼界,增加我们对世界的理解。
Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance
reading broadens our minds
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——学生是否应该在网上交友)
　　人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。内容包括:
1.赞成的理由;
2.反对的理由;
3.你的看法。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①对于学生是否应该在网上交友,不同的人有不同的反应。
(react,whether引导宾语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.
②有些人支持它,认为通过在线聊天,学生可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见,甚至可以获得外语学习的帮助。(approve,现在分词短语作状语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
Some people approve of it,believing that through chatting online, students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.
③其他反对此观点的人认为网上交友没有好处。(oppose,who引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online.
④他们说,在网上交朋友是浪费时间,这会使学生沉迷于虚拟的世界。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
They say making friends online is a waste of time,which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world.
⑤我认为,我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界,并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在其他事情之上。(broaden one’s mind,同位语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study,health and safety above other things.
⑥至于友谊,我更喜欢在我们的同学和我们周围的人身上找到它。(prefer)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
As for friendship,I prefer to find it in our classmates and other people around us.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Should Students Make Friends Online
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.
Some people approve of it,believing that through chatting online,students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.Others who oppose it think it is no good making friends online.
They say making friends online is a waste of time,which can make students abandon themselves to the virtual world.
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study,health and safety above other things.As for friendship,I prefer to find it in our classmates and other people around us.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:Seth是一位新生,性格害羞,不易接触。一次,Brit老师播放了一段滑板视频,发现Seth对此很感兴趣。为了进一步与他建立联系,Brit邀请他放学后一起去滑板公园,但Seth拒绝了。当得知Seth没有滑板时,Brit意识到来自低收入家庭的孩子们可能无法负担这样的娱乐活动。
【参考范文】
Brit shared the story with her best friend,Zach,a professional skateboarder. Seeing an opportunity to help a child's dream become a reality,Zach offered to give Seth a few presents:a used pro-model skateboard,signed by Zach and professionally ridden by him,for Seth to hang on the wall at home; a new board for Seth to ride until the wheels fell off; and a letter.“It is amazing where skateboarding can take you in the world,” Zach wrote.“Skating will make you feel better in hard times and make good times even better! Never be afraid of other skaters either,we are one family!”
What began as two people coming together to do a good deed for one young boy quickly blossomed (发展) into a grassroots effort. Zach would collect used equipment—surfboards and skateboards,leashes, fins,helmets,kneepads and more—at his brick-and-mortar shop in Encinitas,the Social Surf Club,and ship the donations to Hawaii for Brit to hand out to the kids.As for Brit,she sees skateboarding as another one of life's classrooms.Seth eventually let his guard down and took Brit up on her offer.The two have since spent many afternoons skating together,and she loves to see Seth make rapid progress.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(全国Ⅲ卷七选五)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.　36　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
　37　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant.
　38　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.　39　
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.　40　 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A.This isn’t usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
真题再做
36.　　　　　37.　　　　　38.　　　　
39.　　　　　40.　　　　
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了乔迁聚会这一习俗的
意义、礼物的选择、活动内容及由来等。
36.E　 [由空格前的“The party is a chance for...”及空格后的“And it is a good time to...”可推断该空格也应该是讲乔迁聚会的好处,故选E项“它也给人们一个去看看新房子的样子的机会”。]
37.B　 [空格位于第二段的段首,结合本段内容可知,空格处应与乔迁聚会时所带礼物有关,故选B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”。先提出应该带礼物,后面讲述如何选礼物等。]
38.C　 [空格后的This是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断This是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。]
39.A　 [空格前提到,有时候,因为某人刚刚搬进新家就举行乔迁聚会,所以参加聚会的人有可能要帮忙拆包物品。能与此语意承接的只有A项“但这种情况并不常见”。A项中的This指的是客人帮主人拆包物品。]
40.G　 [上文说很久以前人们带木柴去新家作为礼物,由此可判断G项“这样主人就可以在冬天的时候使家里保持温暖”与此语意吻合。即过去人们送木柴做礼物是为了让主人取暖过冬。]
思维建模
运用语法手段(代词指代)解题
在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词,我们要思考该代词替代上下文中的什么内容,意义是否通顺。
以例示法(如38题)
空格后的this是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断this是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:apartment n.公寓; Para.2:registry n.登记册; Para.3:unpack v.打开; Para.4:firewood n.木柴 Para.1:move into搬进;throw a party举办聚会;
congratulate on祝贺;
Para.2:decorate with用……装饰;a piece of art一件艺术品;
Para.3:share with和……分享;give a tour进行参观;
Para.4:keep warm保暖;central heating中央供暖
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句,主句结构为主谓宾状;that引导同位语从句,解释和说明fact的内容。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　句子通过a long time ago明确了时间线,强调了这个传统的历史和文化背景。这种时间标注让读者能够理解这个传统的悠久历史,并通过时间上的对比,增强对现代与过去做法变化的认知。
乔迁聚会的名字来自很久以前人们会带木柴作为礼物送到新家这个事实。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity.People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study,published in the medical publication The Lancet,said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19,the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity,and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death,” declared the lead writer of the study,Majid Ezzati,a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022,member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far,31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition,governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies.They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London’s Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations.But they are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people,meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters,“In the past,we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich,but obesity is a problem of the world.Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity,they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关肥胖的新的研究发现,并分析了肥胖这一社会性问题、采取的相应措施以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
A.Satisfying. B.Amazing. C.Astonishing. D.Puzzling.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight... Obesity among adults has more than doubled...increased by four times during the same period”可知,世界上的肥胖人数众多,有八分之一的人口肥胖,且肥胖率自1990年以来增加了一倍多。由此可见,肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字,故选C项。
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2.What is included in the plan led by 31 governments
A.Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B.Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C.Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower-priced obesity drugs to people.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”(加强对学校体育活动的要求)可知,31个政府带头执行的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视,故选C项。
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3.What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”
A.Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C.Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D.Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
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解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates... are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知,其他国家的 肥胖率迅速增加,一些国家还有很多体重不足的人,这些国家正在面临着被Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见,Ezzati提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题,故选B项。
4.What is Branca’s attitude to the obesity problem
A.Negative. B.Indifferent.
C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知,Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题,而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等现象。由此可见,Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的,故选A项。
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(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了1986年,Charles国王建议与植物交谈,这一想法最初遭到嘲笑,但现在有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应,并可能产生声音。
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“In 1986...a thought initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。
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6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Heidi和Reginald通过研究发现,暴露在毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声中的叶子明显含有更高水平的防御性化学物质,这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际影响,比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁,为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即通过刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Monica的进一步研究表明,像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水,因此即使是在无法接触到水的情况下,它们的根也会对与水有关的震动做出反应。这一发现可以对防止植物的根系对下水道系统造成损害,而解决办法可能是购买一种可以在水流经过时保持静音的管道。由此可知,使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统,故选B项。
√
8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
√
解析　写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍了三个研究作为该观点的证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湘潭高三模拟)
Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day.He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating,and just doing his 　1　 thing.
But then he noticed a 　2　 staring at him.He was 　3　.“What is going on ” “They kept 　4　 at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it 　5　,the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son,and they felt inspired while watching the 　6　. Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal.He was given by the waiter a 　7　 from the couple,saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　8　 for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read.“　9　 your time with that baby as long as possible.The Masons.”
For Smith,it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling 　10　.He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn’t have a father figure growing up,so spending this time with his son is super 　11　 to him.
He wrote that he’ll share this 　12　 with his son when he’s older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the 　13　 of giving back.
“I make sure I’m 　14　,” Smith wrapped.“I get blessed—I want to 　15　 someone else.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在饭店一边吃饭,一边和儿子玩耍并照顾他。一对夫妇看到这一场景,很感动,主动给他们提供了餐费。这位父亲决定将这份爱心传递下去,并让他儿子知道善举的意义。
1.A.unusual B.rare C.big D.regular
解析　句意:他和儿子一起玩,一边吃饭一边照顾他,做着平常做的事情。unusual不寻常的;rare稀少的;big大的;regular常规的。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him”可知,他做着平常的事情,故选D项。
2.A.stranger B.woman C.couple D.waiter
解析　句意:但他注意到有一对夫妇盯着他看。stranger陌生人;woman女人;couple夫妇;waiter服务生。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,一对夫妇盯着他看,故选C项。
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3.A.embarrassed B.confused C.worried D.scared
解析　B　[句意:他很困惑。embarrassed尴尬的;confused困惑的;worried担忧的;scared惊恐的。根据上文“But then he noticed a 　　　　staring at him.”以及下文“What is going on ”可知,史密斯很困惑,不知道对方为什么盯着他看,故选B项。
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4.A.shouting B.aiming C.smiling D.getting
解析　句意:他们一直对我微笑。shout喊叫;aim力求达到;smile微笑;get获得。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,这对夫妇一直对着史密斯微笑,故选C项。
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5.A.turns out B.turns on C.strikes out D.goes on
解析　句意:事实证明,陌生人只是很高兴看到一个父亲和他的儿子在一起,他们看到这种关系受到鼓舞。turn out结果是,证明是;turn on打开;strike out开始行动;go on继续。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,此处是对上文史密斯的疑惑作出解释,阐述事实真相,turn out“结果是,证明是”符合语境,故选A项。
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6.A.relationship B.appreciation C.friendship D.instruction
解析　句意同上。relationship关系;appreciation感激;friendship友谊;instruction指示。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating”可知,这对夫妇看到史密斯和儿子在一起,父子之间关系融洽的场景让他们受到鼓舞,故选A项。
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7.A.bill B.note C.excuse D.notice
解析　句意:服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留的纸条,上面写着他是一个很伟大的父亲,他们想给他留一些钱。bill账单;note短笺,纸条;excuse借口;notice通知。根据下文“saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　　　　for his meal.”以及“‘Today your meal is on my wife and me,’it read.”可知,服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留下的纸条,故选B项。
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8.A.credit B.cash C.change D.fortune
解析　句意同上。credit信用;cash现金;change改变;fortune运气。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,夫妇想给史密斯留一些现金来请客,故选B项。
9.A.Enjoy B.Share C.Protect D.Cheer
解析　句意:好好享受你和孩子在一起的时光吧。enjoy享受;share分享;protect保护;cheer欢呼。根据上文“Smith brought his three-month-old...while eating,and just doing his 　　　　thing.”可知,夫妇让史密斯好好享受和孩子在一起的时光,故选A项。
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10.A.lost B.exposed C.wronged D.seen
解析　句意:对史密斯来说,这是一个快乐的时刻,让他感到被认可,感觉自己被关注了。lose丢失;expose暴露;wrong不公正地对待;see看到,关注。根据上文“staring at him”可知,史密斯被夫妇关注了,故选D项。
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11.A.significant B.occasional C.grateful D.influential
解析　句意:他被这种慷慨感动了,他认为自己的成长过程中父亲是缺位的,所以和儿子在一起的时间对他来说非常重要。significant重要的;occasional偶尔的;grateful感激的;influential有影响力的,故选A项。
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12.A.idea B.breakfast C.joy D.story
解析　句意:他写道,当他的儿子长大后,他会和他分享这个故事,他想教导他善良和回报的力量。idea观点;breakfast早餐;joy快乐;story故事。设空处指代上文所讲的这个故事。当他的儿子长大后,史密斯会和他分享这个故事,故选D项。
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13.A.feeling B.comfort C.power D.consequence
解析　句意同上。feeling感觉;comfort安慰;power力量;consequence结果。根据“he wants to teach him kindness”和“of giving back”可知,他想教他善良和回报的力量,故选C项。
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14.A.carrying it through B.paying it forward
C.making it up D.putting it down
解析　句意:我要确保我把爱传递出去。carry it through坚持到底;pay it forward将接受的恩惠传递下去;make it up组成;put it down放下。根据下文“I get blessed—I want to 　　　　someone else.”可推断,史密斯要传递善意,故选B项。
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15.A.approach B.address C.bless D.watch
解析　句意:我得到了祝福——我想祝福别人。approach接近;address演讲;bless祝福;watch观看。根据上文“I get blessed”可知,他得到了别人的祝福,也想祝福别人,故选C项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·湖北高三联考)
In the 12th century,the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an.Near Lin’an,on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou. Given its location near the capital and its 1.　　　　　　 (nature) beauty,Suzhou became a preferred place 2.　　　　　　 (live).Thus, there were over 300 gardens 3.　　　　　　 (build) here,and more than 60 are still in 4.　　　　　　 (exist).
Among these gardens,the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous,and water pools take up 5.　　　　　　 third of its area.6.　　　　　　 (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees,all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below.As is typical of Suzhou gardens, this garden 7.　　　　　　 (separate) into different sections,offering various kinds of spaces 8.　　　　　　 diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden,no simple description of the garden will do.9.　　　　 you have to do is walk among the water pools and plants,enjoy every moment,10.　　　　 find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的历史,以及其最大、最著名的园林拙政园的景观和参观方式。
1.natural　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词beauty,应用形容词,故填natural。]
2.to live　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是became,此处是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词place,故填to live。]
3.built　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句是there be句型,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语over 300 gardens之间是动宾关系,故填built。]
4.existence　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达in existence,意为“存在”。句意:因此,这里建造了300多座园林,并且如今仍有60多座保存完好,故填existence。]
5.a/one　[考查固定表达。此处考查分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子是“1”的话,可以用a或者one表示,故填a/one。]
6.Surrounding　[考查倒装句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个倒装句,正常语序为“A luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees is surrounding the water pools.”,且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Surrounding。]
7.is separated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句介绍园林的基本情况,时态用一般现在时;主语this garden与separate之间是被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,故填is separated。]
8.in　[考查介词。结合句意“作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林被划分成了不同的部分,呈现不同形状和大小的空间,以此代表不同情绪和感觉”可知,此处表示“不同的形状和大小”,shape与size常与介词in搭配,故介词in。]
9.What　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是is,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填What。]
10.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的动词walk和enjoy与空后的动词find形成并列关系,故填and。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.2:severe adj.极为恶劣的,十分严重的;严厉的,苛刻的;declare v.公布,宣布,宣告;表明,宣称,断言;Para.4:enact v.通过(法律),扮演;nutrition n.营养,滋养;营养学;
awareness n.知道,认识,意识
B Para.1:initially adv.开始,起初;potentially adv.潜在地,可能地;Para.2:striking adj.惊人的;significantly adv.重大地,显著地;alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的;可替代的;Para.3:implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;
Para.4:insufficient adj.不充分的,不足的;address v.设法解决,处理;演讲;向……说话;致函;Para.5:fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;perceive v.注意到,察觉到
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:one in eight八分之一;Para.2:long list of一长串的;
Para.5:double burden双重负担;nutrition problems营养问题
B Para.2:be sensitive to对……敏感;Para.3:invest in投资;
Para.5:cast light on sth使了解某事,使(问题等)较容易理解

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