资源简介

(共37张PPT)
initial adj．开始的，最初的； n. 首字母
initially ad
initiate v. 开始，发起，创始
①in the initial stage of sth.
②the initial letter of a word
My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
2. thus adv. 因此，从而 同义词therefore /hence
区分 thus, so
①　They had not eaten all day, _____ they were very hungry.
②　We do not own the building. ____, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
③　Agriculture has developed rapidly, ______ providing light industry with enough materials.
④　We failed to find enough evidence; _______ we concluded that he was innocent.
3. zone n. 地区，地带 4. oxygen n．氧气 5. border n. 国界，边界
①a time zone/an earthquake zone
②economic and technological development zone
①　Soldiers had temporarily closed the border between the two countries.
②　It is difficult to define the border between love and friendship.
6.confirm v. 证实，证明
confirmation n. 证实，证明书，确认书
confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的
confirm that... 证实
It has been confirmed that...已经证实
confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事
①　The experiment confirmed his theory.
②　It has been confirmed that a diet rich in vitamin C can help to prevent heart disease.
7. crowd n. 人群；v.拥挤，挤满, 涌入（脑海）---crowded adj.
a crowd of/crowds of 一群/成群的
crowd into大批涌入
be crowded with挤满
①　Memories from high school crowded his mind.
②　Thousands of people have crowded into the small town.
③　The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
9. bring…into focus使……成为焦点
focus/concentrate on把注意力集中于
focus one’s attention/mind on sth把某人的注意力/心思集中于...
come into focus成为焦点
become the focus of attention成为关注的焦点
This accident has brought the problem of drunk driving into sharp focus.
10. attempt n./v. 努力，尝试 an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success
make an attempt to do/at doing试图做某事
attempt to do sth试图做某事
in an/one’s attempt to do sth为了做某事
attempted murder谋杀未遂
11. failure n. 失败---fail v. fail to do sth未能做成某事
①　Failure is the mother of success.
②　Never think of yourself as a failure.
③　The marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.
12. psychologist n. 心理学家---psychology n.心理学---psychological adj.心理的，心理学的
①Abuse can lead to both psychological and emotional problems.
②The arts have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.
13. thrill n.刺激；激动，兴奋 v.使某人兴奋---thrilled adj.非常兴奋的，极为激动的---thrilling adj. 令人兴奋不已的，惊险的
15. unaware adj．未觉察到的，未意识到的---aware adj. 觉察到的，意识到的
---awareness n.知道，意识
be unaware of/that 没有意识到....
提高意识raise the awareness of..
make sb aware of sth/that-clause 使某人意识到
①　He was unaware that the police were watching him.
②　Many people are unaware of how much food and drink they consume.
③　They raised public awareness of the possible causes of heart disease.
16.alcohol n. 酒精, 酒, 乙醇---alcoholic adj.酒精的，含酒精的
drink alcohol alcohol abuse
22. wool n. 羊毛，毛织物 ---woolen adj.羊毛的
24. guideline n. 指导方针，指导原则---guide v.指导，引; n.向导---guidance n.指导，引导
first aid guidelines急救指南
a tour guide向导
under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下
26. bleeding n. 流血，失血---blood n.血液---bleed v.流血，失血 bleed to death失血而亡
28. injury n. 伤，损害--injure v.伤害，使受伤---injured adj.受伤的，有伤的
suffer/ receive/get an injury受伤
serious/minor injuries重伤/轻伤
be badly injured 严重受伤
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤者，伤员
①　I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
②　There were no injuries in the crash.
29. stretch v．延伸，绵延 n.一片地域，一段时间
stretch out 伸出，伸开（手/脚）
stretch oneself=give a stretch伸展身体，伸懒腰
a stretch of road/coastline一段公路/海岸线
①　When you have sit for a long time, you’d better stand up and stretch yourself.
②　The road stretched out across the desert into the distance.
30.league n. 联盟；联赛； 里格 易混词：college
31. servant n. 仆人，佣人---serve v. 服务---service n.服务
serve as充当，担任 serve sb为某人服务
①She turned to serve the impatient customer.
②The square now serve as the town’s chief car park.
33. charge (一词多义）v./n. 收费；指控；充电；负责
charge sb some money for sth因某事向某人收...费
charge sb with doing sth指控某人做某事
in charge主管，负责
in charge of sth负责，掌管
in the charge of sb由某人负责/掌管
take charge of sth负责，掌管
free of charge免费
Do you think museums should charge for admission
She is charged with murdering her husband.
You don’t have to charge your mobile phone all night.
He was in charge of the farm after his father’s death.
The files were in your charge.
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program
The guidebooks of the museum are free of charge, so you don’t need to pay for it.
35. ahead adv．在前面, 向前；提前
ahead of 在...之前；早于....; 领先于....
ahead of time/schedule=in advance提前
go ahead着手，进行，先走，请吧，说吧
think ahead事先考虑
①　Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks.
②　We were ten points ahead in the basketball game.
③　Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
36. permit v．允许，准许，许可 n. 许可证，执照--permission n.许可
permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事
permit doing sth允许做某事
ask for permission请求许可
without permission未经许可
①　Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live closer to the center of the downtown.
②　The party will be held in the garden, weather__________(permit).
37. fascinated adj．被迷住的，被吸引住的---fascinate v. 深深吸引，迷住--fascinating adj.迷人的---fascination n.极大的吸引力，入迷，着迷
be fascinated by被...迷住 a fascinating book/place
①　China has always fascinated me.
②　_____________(fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
③　I’ve had a lifelong fascination with the sea and with small boats.
38. chapter n. 章节
39. relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述---related adj.相关的，有联系的---relation n.关系，联系，亲戚--relationship n.关系，联系
relate A to B 把A和B联系起来 be related to 和...有关
relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事
relate to sb/sth涉及；与…相关；谈到;理解并产生共鸣，了解；
①　The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
②　I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
③　She relates her childhood experiences in the first chapter.
1.relations[ pl.]~ (between A and B)~ (with sb/sth)the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
international/foreign relations
US-Chinese relations
teacher-pupil relations
2.[ UC]~ (between A and B)~ (to sth)the way in which two or more things are connected
the relation between rainfall and crop yields
3.[ C]a person who is in the same family as sb else SYN relative
a close/near/distant relation of mine
（人、团体、国家之间的）关系，联系，交往
relationship 1.[ C]~ (between A and B)~ (with sb)the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
She has a very close relationship with her sister.
a master-servant relationship
2.[ C]~ (between A and B)~ (with sb)a loving and/or sexual friendship between two people
Are you in a relationship
3.[ CU]~ (between A and B)~ (to sth)the way in which two or more things are connected
the relationship between mental and physical health
4.[ CU]~ (between A and B)the way in which a person is related to sb else in a family血缘关系；姻亲关系
a father-son relationship
relations[ pl.]~ (between A and B)~ (with sb/sth)the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
international/foreign relations
US-Chinese relations
teacher-pupil relations
relationship [ C]~ (between A and B)~ (with sb)the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
She has a very close relationship with her sister.
a master-servant relationship
2.[ UC]~ (between A and B)~ (to sth)the way in which two or more things are connected
the relation between rainfall and crop yields
3.[ CU]~ (between A and B)~ (to sth)the way in which two or more things are connected
the relationship between mental and physical health
3.[ C]a person who is in the same family as sb else
SYN relative
a close/near/distant relation of mine
4.[ CU]~ (between A and B)the way in which a person is related to sb else in a family血缘关系；姻亲关系
a father-son relationship
42. astonish v. 使吃惊，使惊讶 astonishment n.惊讶 astonished adj.感到惊讶的--astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonish sb使某人惊讶
be astonished by/at对...感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth做某事感到惊讶
be astonished that.. ....令人惊讶
to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
in astonishment 吃惊地
①　What he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.
②　That’s how nature is—always leaving us____________ (astonish).
③　They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy.
④　The audience looked _____________when they learned that the girl had such an ____________talent for singing.(astonish)
44. consume v. 消耗,消费;吃，喝---consumer n.消费者，顾客，用户--consumption n.消费，消耗
①　Looking after the children, cooking and cleaning are time-consuming.
②　Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.
45. distinguish v．区分，辨别；使有别于--distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的
distinguish A from B区分A和B
distinguish (between) A and B区分A和B
distinguish oneself表现突出
①　Before birth, babies can distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.
②　Speech distinguished man from the animals.
③　At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong
④　She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
46. gradually adv．逐渐地，逐步地---gradual adj. a gradual process/increase
____________ (gradual), a picture came into view.
47. surround v．环绕，围绕--surrounding adj.周围的，附近的---surroundings n.环境
surround A with B 用B包围A
be surrounded by/with被....环绕/包围
the surrounding area/environment
①　Armed police surrounded a house in the street.
②　To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
③　Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
④　The shell_______________(surround) the egg has many important functions.
48. wrinkled adj. 有皱褶的--wrinkle n.皱纹；v.起皱纹
49. shore n. 岸，滨---ashore adj.在（或向）岸上---offshore adj.海上的，近海的
51. intensity n.（光、声等的）强度; 强烈，剧烈，激烈--intense adj.强烈的
54. depth n. 深，深度---deep adj.深的--deeply adv.深深地，非常--deepen v.加深，变强烈
in the depths of one’s heart在某人的内心深处 in depth全面地，深入地，详细地
①　I haven’t looked at the report in depth yet.
②　On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a_______(deep) of 7,062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.
55.broad adj. 宽的，阔的; 广泛的---broadly adv. ---broaden v.(使)变宽；增长（知识或经验）
a broad street/river一条宽阔的河流/公路
a broad smile灿烂的微笑
broadly speaking大体上来说
broaden one’s horizons/mind开阔某人的视野/心胸
58.resident n．居民，住户 a. 居住的 ---residential adj.适合居住的，住宅的
the town's resident population (= not tourists or visitors) 镇上的居民
a quiet residential area
59. male n. 雄性动物；a. 男的，雄性的---female (反义词）

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