资源简介 (14)Unit 1 Food matters—高二英语牛津译林版(2020)暑假作业一、重点短语be eager for...渴望得到……be eager to do sth渴望做某事be eager for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事be eager that...渴望……(从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)allow for 考虑到;估计到;把……计算在内allow(doing)sth.允许(做)某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事be allowed to do sth被允许做某事impress sb.with sth.某物给某人留下深刻的印象be impressed by/with...被……打动,对……印象深刻impress sth.on/upon one's memory 某人把某事铭记在心impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人意识到某事expand…into… 把……扩展成……expand into… 扩大成为……expand on/upon sth.详述/充分叙述/详细阐明某事have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口develop an appetite for. . . 对……提起胃口ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲lose one's appetite 某人失去胃口an appetite for. . . 对……的喜爱/强烈欲望lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性二、重点语法1.动词不定式(1)动词不定式的时态和语态时态 语态 主动 被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done(2)动词不定式作主语①动词不定式作主语时,一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化,且谓语动词通常用单数。To finish this job in one day is impossible.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(表示具体的情况)注意:很多情况下,作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代,但表示某些具体情况,或表示较强烈的对比,或在某些固定说法中时,通常不用动名词替代。②若不定式太长,则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,不定式移至谓语之后,以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种:It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.It+be+名词+ to do sth.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.It made sb. + adj. + to do sth.It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木,百年树人。It made me relaxed to know that I had passed the exam. 了解到我通过了考试,我感到很轻松。(3)动词不定式作表语①动词不定式作表语,可以说明主语的具体内容,还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等,其主语通常为task,aim,purpose,wish,dream,duty,plan,hope,job,problem等名词,或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时,主语和表语有时可以交换位置,其意思不变。I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe.我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标,以及实现它的决心。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我建议马上开始工作。②动词不定式作表语省略to的情况动词不定式作表语时,一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略,但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.别担心,你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。(4)动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项①动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语,表示不定式的逻辑主语。It would make me very happy for her to win the election.如果她赢得选举,我会很高兴。It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。注意:在“It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth.”句型中,for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语,其区别为:如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格,介词用of;如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征,介词用for。It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.对父母来说,知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。It was kind of Harry to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.哈里真善良,在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。②动词不定式作主语和表语时,可以有时态、语态的变化。It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.今 天 我很荣幸被邀请到这里来。(invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作)练习:1.The engine won't start. Something seems __________ (go) wrong with it.2.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get) there.3.The next step is __________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.4.I'm impressed with the proverb that to be kind to the enemy is __________ (be) cruel to the people.5. __________ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.6.It's important for the figures __________ (update) regularly.7.He tells me that we are __________ (hand) in the exercises tomorrow.8.I feel it is your husband who is __________ (blame) for the spoiled child.9.It's difficult for me __________ (recognise) you because of your red hair.10.It is crucial __________ (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19's impact on economic growth.答案以及解析练习:1.答案: to have gone解析:句意为:发动机发动不起来,似乎是出了什么毛病。连系动词seem后接to have done,表示“似乎已经做/发生了……”,符合句意,故填to have gone。2.答案:to get解析:句意为:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得很大,我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。“it takes+一段时间+to do sth”为固定句型,意为“做某事需要多长时间”,it作形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语。故填to get。3.答案:to make解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:下一步你要确保你清楚地知道需要的是什么。分析句子结构可知,这里表示将要发生的动作,应用动词不定式作表语。故填to make。4.答案:to be解析:不定式作表语,表示预期的结果。句意:对敌人仁慈就是对人民凶残。5.答案:To catch解析:句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了出租车并且很早就起床了。考查非谓语动词作状语。用不定式作目的状语。6.答案:to be updated解析:考查不定式的被动语态。句意:定期更新数据很重要。数据和更新是被动关系。7.答案:to hand解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他告诉我们明天要交作业。非谓语表示明天的动作用不定式。8.答案:to blame解析:句意:我觉得这个孩子被宠坏应该怪你丈夫。blame的不定式作表语时,用主动形式表示被动意义, be to blame应受责备。9.答案:to recognize解析:考查动词不定式。句意:因为你的红头发,我很难认出你来。“it+be+adj+for sb to do sth”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”,其中it作形式主语,后面用动词不定式作真正主语。故填to recognise。10.答案:to step解析:考查动词不定式作主语。句意:非常重要的是要加强国际合作,最大限度地减少新冠肺炎对经济增长的影响。It作形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语to step up。故填to step。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览