(14)Unit 1 Food matters—高二英语牛津译林版(2020)暑假作业(含解析)

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(14)Unit 1 Food matters—高二英语牛津译林版(2020)暑假作业(含解析)

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(14)Unit 1 Food matters—高二英语牛津译林版(2020)暑假作业
一、重点短语
be eager for...渴望得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事
be eager that...渴望……(从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)
allow for 考虑到;估计到;把……计算在内
allow(doing)sth.允许(做)某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth被允许做某事
impress sb.with sth.某物给某人留下深刻的印象
be impressed by/with...被……打动,对……印象深刻
impress sth.on/upon one's memory 某人把某事铭记在心
impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人意识到某事
expand…into… 把……扩展成……
expand into… 扩大成为……
expand on/upon sth.详述/充分叙述/详细阐明某事
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
develop an appetite for. . . 对……提起胃口
ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one's appetite 某人失去胃口
an appetite for. . . 对……的喜爱/强烈欲望
lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性
二、重点语法
1.动词不定式
(1)动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
(2)动词不定式作主语
①动词不定式作主语时,一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化,且谓语动词通常用单数。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(表示具体的情况)
注意:很多情况下,作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代,但表示某些具体情况,或表示较强烈的对比,或在某些固定说法中时,通常不用动名词替代。
②若不定式太长,则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,不定式移至谓语之后,以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种:
It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
It+be+名词+ to do sth.
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
It made sb. + adj. + to do sth.
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。
It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木,百年树人。
It made me relaxed to know that I had passed the exam. 了解到我通过了考试,我感到很轻松。
(3)动词不定式作表语
①动词不定式作表语,可以说明主语的具体内容,还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等,其主语通常为task,aim,purpose,wish,dream,duty,plan,hope,job,problem等名词,或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时,主语和表语有时可以交换位置,其意思不变。
I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe.
我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标,以及实现它的决心。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我建议马上开始工作。
②动词不定式作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式作表语时,一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略,但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心,你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
(4)动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项
①动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语,表示不定式的逻辑主语。
It would make me very happy for her to win the election.
如果她赢得选举,我会很高兴。
It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.
只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。
注意:
在“It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth.”句型中,for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语,其区别为:如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格,介词用of;如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征,介词用for。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说,知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
It was kind of Harry to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.
哈里真善良,在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
②动词不定式作主语和表语时,可以有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.今 天 我很荣幸被邀请到这里来。(invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.
琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作)
练习:
1.The engine won't start. Something seems __________ (go) wrong with it.
2.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get) there.
3.The next step is __________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
4.I'm impressed with the proverb that to be kind to the enemy is __________ (be) cruel to the people.
5. __________ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
6.It's important for the figures __________ (update) regularly.
7.He tells me that we are __________ (hand) in the exercises tomorrow.
8.I feel it is your husband who is __________ (blame) for the spoiled child.
9.It's difficult for me __________ (recognise) you because of your red hair.
10.It is crucial __________ (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19's impact on economic growth.
答案以及解析
练习:
1.答案: to have gone
解析:句意为:发动机发动不起来,似乎是出了什么毛病。连系动词seem后接to have done,表示“似乎已经做/发生了……”,符合句意,故填to have gone。
2.答案:to get
解析:句意为:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得很大,我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。“it takes+一段时间+to do sth”为固定句型,意为“做某事需要多长时间”,it作形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语。故填to get。
3.答案:to make
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:下一步你要确保你清楚地知道需要的是什么。分析句子结构可知,这里表示将要发生的动作,应用动词不定式作表语。故填to make。
4.答案:to be
解析:不定式作表语,表示预期的结果。句意:对敌人仁慈就是对人民凶残。
5.答案:To catch
解析:句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了出租车并且很早就起床了。考查非谓语动词作状语。用不定式作目的状语。
6.答案:to be updated
解析:考查不定式的被动语态。句意:定期更新数据很重要。数据和更新是被动关系。
7.答案:to hand
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他告诉我们明天要交作业。非谓语表示明天的动作用不定式。
8.答案:to blame
解析:句意:我觉得这个孩子被宠坏应该怪你丈夫。blame的不定式作表语时,用主动形式表示被动意义, be to blame应受责备。
9.答案:to recognize
解析:考查动词不定式。句意:因为你的红头发,我很难认出你来。“it+be+adj+for sb to do sth”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”,其中it作形式主语,后面用动词不定式作真正主语。故填to recognise。
10.答案:to step
解析:考查动词不定式作主语。句意:非常重要的是要加强国际合作,最大限度地减少新冠肺炎对经济增长的影响。It作形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语to step up。故填to step。

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