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（1）Unit 1 Nature in the balance—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.The coast road is closed due __________ bad weather.
2.I want to thank you in person for the impact you've had __________ my life.
3.My car __________ (damage) to such an extent in the accident yesterday that it could not be repaired.
4.Below us on our right __________ (be) a thickly wooded valley, where a big fire destroyed thousands of trees.
5.Fortunately, the __________ (survive) of the mine accident were sent to the nearest hospital in time.
6.The café offers a wide __________ (vary) of sandwiches in order to attract customers.
7.The colourless gas without __________ we cannot live is called oxygen.
8.The universities have expanded, thus __________ (allow) many more people the chance of higher education.
9.Although the phone can bring great convenience to our life, it can be __________ (harm) to our friendship.
10.The question, __________ which he replied, was not so difficult to understand.
二、阅读理解
On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England. The storm lasted for only about ten minutes. People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky. There were fish falling down, too! People came out to find out what was happening. They could not believe their own eyes. There were thousands of fish - sand eels- lying on the ground. They were about seven centimeters long, and all were frozen solid.
Sand eels swim together in large groups, often in sandy water, and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, which reaches out to the east of Sunderland. How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a waterspout. Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water. They are so powerful; anything less than one meter in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds. The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometers. It's very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid.
For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts. In 2009, dead tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan. In 2012, fifty kilos of prawns fell from the sky over Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico.
It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you. It would probably hurt if one fell on your head! With climate change, global warming and many reports of terrible natural disasters, will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs
11.What was the rain like on 24 August 1918
A.It was very heavy.
B.It fell around England.
C.It lasted quite a long time.
D.It caused many human deaths.
12.What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland
A.They were few in number.
B.They came in different sizes.
C.They were still alive when landing.
D.They probably came from the North Sea.
13.What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Clouds. B.Waterspouts.
C.Strong winds. D.The waters of the sea.
14.In the end, what does the author probably care most about
A.Our health. B.Our environment.
C.The wild animals. D.The news reports.
三、七选五
In 2019, a NASA satellite map with dark and light green colors showed the world that China is leading the increase in greening on Earth's land area because of national tree-planting programs.
①_____ over 45 percent of China's land is covered with deserts and sandy soil, way bigger than China's arable land(可耕地) which is nearly 10 percent of the total arable land in the world, but supports over 20 percent of the world's population.
March 12 marks China's Tree Planting Day. ②_____. At the time, a forestry expert suggested designating(定义) the Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, as the National Tree Planting Day. After the death of Sun Yat-sen on March 12, 1925, the National Tree Planting Day was changed to fall on March 12 to remember Sun's support for national afforestation(植树造林).
Since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the Chinese government has continued to use the day to honor Sun's contribution to the country. ③_____.
In 2019, a research team from Boston University found that the global green leaf area has increased by five percent since the early 2000s. ④_____, they thought it was because of a "warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere". But with a two-decade-long data(数据) record from NASA, they see that humans are contributing. ⑤_____.
In 2021, China planted 3.6 million hectares of forest and changed 380,800 hectares of farmland into forest. The country plans to plant 6.4 million hectares of trees and grass this year.
A. Chinese people like planting trees
B. When they first noticed the difference
C. Unfamiliar to many, the tradition dates back to 1915
D.And Chinese people voluntarily planted over 64 billion trees from 1982 to 2012
E.Trees play a very important role in protecting the environment
F.The data shows that at least 25 percent of that gain came from China
G.A surprising fact is that though covering about 9.6 million square kilometers of land
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：to
解析：句意为:由于天气恶劣,滨海道路关闭了。 due to为固定搭配。意为“由于,因为”。
2.答案：on
解析：考查介词。分析可知，you've had _____ my life是省去了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词impact;固定词组have an impact on表示“对……有影响”，故填on。句意：我想亲自感谢你对我的生活的影响。
3.答案：was damaged
解析：提示：考查时态及语态。句意：在昨天的事故中我的车受损如此严重，已经到了无法修复的地步。根据时间状语yesterday可知，本空应用一般过去时，且My car和动词damage之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.答案：was
解析：考查倒装、时态和主谓一致。介词短语Below us on our right位于句首引起倒装，句子真正的主语是a thickly wooded valley，故be动词应用单数形式;又根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。
5.答案：survivors
解析：句意为:幸运的是,这次矿难的幸存者被及时送往最近的医院。设空处前有定冠词the,后有介词of,应填名词。根据语境可知,此处指“幸存者”,所以应填 survivor;根据后面的 were可知,此处应用其复数形式。
6.答案：variety
解析：句意为:为了吸引顾客,这家咖啡馆提供各种各样的三明治。设空处前有不定冠词a和形容词wide修饰,应填名词;a variety of 是固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填 variety。
7.答案：which
解析：句意为:这种无色的气体被称为氧气,离开了它我们不能生存。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词是 The colourless gas,指物。故填 which。
8.答案：allowing
解析：考查现在分词。thus为副词,句中已有谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故填allowing。句意:大学扩招了,这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育了。
9.答案： harmful
解析：考查形容词。句意：虽然手机可以给我们的生活带来很大的方便，但它也会对我们的友谊造成伤害。根据上文it can be，可知应填形容词harmful，作表语，表示“有害的”，故填harmful.
10.答案： to
解析：考查介词。句意：他答复的这个问题，理解起来不是那么困难。空格处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The question，根据reply to（答复某事）可知，空格处是将介词to提前。故填to。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city”可知,1918年8月24日的雨下得很大。rain cats and dogs表示“下倾盆大雨”,故选A。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sand eels...are often found in large numbers in the North Sea”可推断,降落在森德兰的玉筋鱼可能来自北海,故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。画线词上文介绍水龙卷形成的过程,它们非常强大,可以把任何不超过一米的东西卷进去,然后送到云层里。由此可知,them指代“水龙卷”,故选B。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段作者提到的 "climate change" "global warming" "various terrible natural disasters" 可推知,作者最关心的可能是我们的环境,故选B。
三、七选五
答案：GCDBF
解析：①根据下文的“over 45 percent of China's land is covered with deserts and sandy soil, way bigger than China's arable land(可耕地) which is nearly 10 percent of the total arable land in the world.”(中国超过45的土地被沙漠和沙土覆盖,比中国耕地面积占世界耕地总面积的近10%大得多)可知,中国的土地沙漠化依然很严重,选项G“一个令人惊讶的事实是,尽管覆盖了约960多万平方公里的土地”符合题意,尤其是下文的“over 45 percent of China's land”指的是960多万平方公里的土地中的超过45%。故选G。
②根据下文的“At the time, a forestry expert suggested designating(定义) the Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, as the National Tree Planting Day.”(当时,一位林业专家建议将清明节也被称为扫墓节定为全国植树节)并结合上文的“March 12 marks China's Tree Planting Day.”可知,大家都知道3月12日是植树节,却不熟悉曾经有专家建议清明节定为植树节。因此,选项C“大家所不熟悉的是,这个传统可以追溯到1915年”衔接上下文,下文的“At the time”指代的是选项C中的“1915”年。故选C。
③根据上文的“Since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949,the Chinese government has continued to use the day to honor Sun's contribution to the country”(自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,中国政府一直用这一天来纪念孙中山对国家的贡献)可知,下文可能描述多年来的植树情况,选项D“1982年至2012年,中国人民自愿植树640多亿棵”符合语境。选项中的And顺承上文。故选D。
④根据上文的“In 2019, a research team from Boston University found that the global green leaf area has increased by five percent since the early 2000s.”(2019年,波士顿大学的一个研究小组发现,自21世纪初以来,全球绿叶面积增加了5%)可知,人们关注到了全球绿化变多,结合下文的“they thought it was because of”和“But with a two-decade-long data(数据) record from NASA, they see that humans are contributing.”(但根据NASA长达20年的数据记录,他们发现人类正在做出贡献)可知,此处是关注到不同时的反应。选项B“当他们第一次注意到这种差异时”衔接上下文。故选B。
⑤根据上文的“But with a two-decade-long data(数据) record from NASA, they see that humans are contributing.”(但根据NASA长达20年的数据记录,他们发现人类正在做出贡献)及下一段的“In 2021,China planted 3.6 million hectares of forest and changed 380,800 hectares of farmland into forest.”(2021年,中国造林360万公顷,退耕还林380800公顷)指出中国绿化的成就,选项F“数据显示,至少25%的增长来自中国”引出了下段内容,衔接上文NASA的数据。故选F。

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