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（2）Unit 1 Nature in the balance—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1. __________ tired, we felt excited to be able to help others.
2.Once __________ (attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.
3.I put my handbag in the car, but it was nowhere __________ (find).
4.As the level of power increases in a position, so __________ (do) the stress.
5.I was __________ (absolute) astonished by the reaction to our appearance.
6.The old town has narrow streets and small houses __________are built close to each other.
7.Both locally and __________ (global), the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.
8.If you want to be a volunteer for the sports event, you should write an __________ (apply).
9.If __________ (catch) sleeping in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
10.When __________ (see) from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful.
二、阅读理解
We all have an idea about the common types of environmental problems. However, light pollution may be a new term to many of us. But, the fact is that it does affect mankind, other living forms and the environment as a whole.
What is light pollution It presents all forms of misused man-made light. The obvious cause of light pollution is the improper use of outdoor lighting products. It can be office lighting, car headlights, station lights, streetlights and many more.
Light pollution is harmful to both animals and plants. Upon studies, it is found that obvious effects are observed on the behaviour of nocturnal(夜间活动的) animals. Needless to say, bright light at night makes it difficult for these animals to hunt, wander and perform their regular activities. Light pollution is directly or indirectly responsible for causing several diseases. Its effects are related to disturbance in the physical rhythm. It contributes to risks of developing cancerous cells. So, it's nothing less than a threat to human health.
You have already seen the negative effects of light pollution on animals, and human health. Apart from this, the actual cost of misused light is about millions of dollars every year. It also leads to the release of greenhouse gases and global warming. After all, fuels are used for producing electricity.
While outdoor lighting and using man-made lighting products are part of our modern lifestyle, some simple ways will surely help in reducing light pollution. For example, while installing outdoor lighting, make sure that it is pointed downwards. Also, use only the required lighting equipment for both homes and offices. Believe it or not, many people living in the urban areas cannot view clear sky and stars at night. Let's have a part to play in reducing the pollution.
11.What can we learn about light pollution
A.It has no effect on plants.
B.It contributes to most cancers.
C.It is a negative product of light technology.
D.It affects animals' normal activities in the daytime.
12.How does light pollution affect the climate
A.It reduces temperatures by day and makes nights warmer.
B.It creates more clouds over parts of the Earth.
C.It stops the release of greenhouse gases.
D.It causes global temperatures to go up.
13.How can we have a part to play in reducing light pollution
A.Forbidding the use of outdoor lighting.
B.Using clean energy to produce electricity.
C.Not using unnecessary lights at home or offices.
D.Reducing money spent on man-made light in urban areas.
14.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Citizens should be forbidden to install outdoor lighting.
B.Only simple ways can help reduce light pollution.
C.There is no clear sky or stars over the urban areas.
D.Light pollution needs to be dealt with urgently.
三、完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. When I was 13, my parents took me there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a
15 rock of over 3,00 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew
16 I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion ever since—
17 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my home.
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 18 , like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It was beyond me why visitors started respecting the place less and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.
I tried 19 trash myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find trash lying all over the area again weeks later. Finally, I got so
20 it that I decided something had to change.
As a rock climbing guide, I knew 21 about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a 22 . On that day, more than 300 people
23 Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to 24 . I couldn't believe the 25 we made—the park looked clean!
Each year volunteers come for the clean-up from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2, 945 people picked up 42, 330 pounds of trash and 26 132 miles of roadway.
I often hear people 27 about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by 28 them rather than by complaining. We need to lead by 29 . You can't blame others unless you start with yourself.
15.A. distant B. loose C. narrow D. huge
16.A.immediately B.finally C.gradually D.recently
17.A.imagining B.painting C.describing D.climbing
18.A.materials B.resources C.wastes D.goods
19.A.throwing away B.picking up C.breaking down D.digging out
20.A.satisfied with B.delighted at C.tired of D.used to
21.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
22.A.party B.clean-up C.picnic D.concert
23.A.dropped out B.showed up C.looked around D.called back
24.A.demand B.receive C.achieve D.overcome
25.A.plan B.visit C.contact D.difference
26.A.crossed B.measured C.covered D.designed
27.A.complain B.talk C.argue D.quarrel
28.A.doing B.thinking about C.questioning D.watching
29.A.method B.explanation C.example D.research
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：Though/ Although/While
解析：句意为:尽管我们很累,但是能够帮助别人,我们感到很兴奋。分析句子结构和意思可知,上下文之间为转折关系,所以这里应用“虽然,尽管”对应的连词though/although/while,从句中省略了主语we 和be动词were。故填Though/ Although/While。
2.答案：attached
解析：句意为:一旦连接到轨道上,汽车将由系统提供电力,并由中央计算机控制。此处是Once引导的状语从句的省略结构,从句的主语为 the car,与主句主语相同,the car与attach之间为被动关系,从句谓语应为is attached,完整从句为Once the car is attached to the rail。当状语从句和主句是同一主语且从句含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词。故填 attached。
3.答案：to be found
解析：句意为:我把手提包放在车里了,但在哪儿也找不到它。此处应填不定式,find和it之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故填不定式的被动形式to be found。
4.答案：does
解析：句意为:在一个职位上,随着权力的增加,压力也会增大。此处考查引起的倒装,表达“某事物也一样”,具体结构为“so+助动词+主语”。根据前句的increases可知,此处应用一般现在时。
5.答案：absolutely
解析：句意为:大家对我们的出现反应让我非常惊讶。此处需要副词,修饰空后的形容词,表示非常;完全地,故填 absolutely。
6.答案：that/ which
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词small houses，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
答案：globally
解析：句意为:但无论是从当地还是从全球来看,全日照咖啡园的持续扩张都可能意味着对热带雨林生态的破坏。此处修饰后面的句子,应用副词,同时根据and前的locally也可知应填副词。
8.答案：application
解析：考查名词。句意：如果你想成为体育赛事的志愿者，你应该写一份申请书。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，再根据语意和所给词可知，应填application，表“申请书”，在本句中作宾语。故填application。
9.答案：caught
解析：句中If后面省略了you are, 将从句补充完整为: If you are caught sleeping in class, 固定短语catch sb. doing sth.意为“抓住某人正在做某事”。
10.答案：seen
解析：考查省略。句意为: 从山顶上看, 整个城市看起来更美。在状语从句中, 若从句的主语和主句一致, 且从句的谓语含有be动词, 可省略从句的主语和be动词; 主语“the whole city”与动词see之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。完整的句子为: When the whole city is seen from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful。故填seen。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,造成光污染的明显原因是户外照明产品使用不当,它可以是办公楼照明、汽车大灯、车站灯、街灯等。所以光污染是滥用各种人造光源而形成的,可以说是光技术的坏影响。故选C。选项中“product”意为“结果,产物”。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“It also leads to the release of greenhouse gases and global warming.”可知,光污染会造成更多温室气体的排放,从而引起全球变暖。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Also, use only the required lighting equipment for both homes and offices.”可知,在家里和办公室里只用必要的照明产品便可减少光污染。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后两句可知,许多生活在城市地区的人在晚上看不到晴朗的天空和星星,作者呼吁我们为减少污染贡献自己的一份力量。由此可推知,光污染非常严重,该问题有待紧急解决。故选D。
三、完形填空
15.答案：D
解析：由空后的3,300 feet和that giant rack可知,岩石很巨大。distant 遥远的；loose松的；narrow狭窄的；huge巨大的。
16.答案：A
解析：根据下文That has been my life's passion ever since 可知,从那以后，那是作者一生的钟爱。所以immediately用在这里表示作者立即知道自己想要攀登这块岩石，表达了作者对于这块巨石以及攀岩的喜爱。immediately 立即；finally最终；gradually 逐渐地；recently最近。
17.答案：D
解析：由前文的climb可知，此处为原词再现，说明攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉是作者的最爱。
18.答案：C
解析：由下文的like toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes 可知，这些属于垃圾。
19.答案：B
解析：句意：我尝试自己动手捡垃圾，但这项工作实在太庞大了。由 trash 可知，pick up“拾起”符合句意。throw away 扔掉；pick up拾起；break down出故障dig out 挖出。
20.答案：C
解析：由前文的only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later可知，几周后作者发现这个地方又被扔垃圾了，因此，作者厌倦了。satisfied with 对……满意；delighted in高兴做……;tired of 厌倦……;used to 过去常常……。
21.答案：D
解析：根据常识可以判断出，作者是一名攀岩向导，因此对组织任何重大活动一无所知。something某事；anything任何事情；everything 每件事情；nothing 没有什么。
22.答案：B
解析：由下文come for the cleanup可知，作者和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。
23.答案：B
解析：句意：在那一天，有超过300人到来。drop out辍学；show up出现；look around环顾四周；call back回电话。
24.答案：C
解析：由上文Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.可知，三天内“我”们捡了大约6,000磅的垃圾。所以作者对于取得的成就感到惊讶。demand要求；receive接受；achieve 取得；overcome克服。
25.答案：D
解析：由下文the park looked clean 可知，作者简直不敢相信他们所做的改变。
26.答案：C
解析：由下文132 miles of roadway可知,covered“覆盖”符合句意，以此说明垃圾的数量巨大。cross穿过；measure测量；cover覆盖；design设计。
27.答案：A
解析：由下文complaining可知，作者经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。complain抱怨；talk谈话；argue争论；quarrel争吵。
28.答案：A
解析：句意：如果你是其中之一，我想说的是只有动手去做才能有所改变，而不是抱怨。
29.答案：C
解析：句意：我们需要以身作则。作者告诫他人，不要一直抱怨，要有所行动，且要以身作则，因为他自己和很多人就是这么做的。method方法；explanation解释；example例子；research研究。

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