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（3）Unit 1 Nature in the balance—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.There are energy savings to be made from all __________ (recycle) materials, sometimes huge savings.
2.A third of the population is living at or below the __________ (poor) line.
3.The ending of the book was __________ (entire) predictable.
4.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________ (poison),she wouldn't have picked them for dinner.
5.As __________ consequence, certain principles about space are prior to experience.
6.① __________ (prevent) further damage to water bodies, a number of measures are necessary. More strict laws should ②__________ (pass) to prevent water from ③ __________ (pollute).
7.It's our duty to protect our environment ①__________ we aim for economic development. It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and ②__________ (healthy) planet to our children. It's our duty to build a human community with a ③__________ (share) future.
8.Parents of the victims have protested __________ her early release.
9.Sports stars like those in the NBA contribute to the national __________ (economic) by benefiting the sports industry as well as the advertising industry.
10.Luck and opportunity go hand in hand __________ hard work and knowledge.
二、阅读理解
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
11.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
12.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
13.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
14.What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
三、七选五
Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. ①_______ They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic. “This is not an issue to ignore. We need to do something now to protect the sea.” said one scientist.
Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem. Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere. Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents(洋流) collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”. ②_______
The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”, ③_______ Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world. The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production. That production will be three times by 2050.
④_______ While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem. Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years.
“Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology,” he says. “⑤_______Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start!”
A. it goes unnoticed and finds its way to human bodies.
B. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss.
C. To work with the currents would help collect the waste.
D. Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century.
E. However, there are some young minds working to clean up the sea for future generations.
F. Although remote and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste.
G. One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：recyclable
解析：句意为:所有可回收的材料都可以节省能源,有时被节省下来的能源量是巨大的。此处需要形容词,修饰空后的 materials,表示“可回收的材料”,故填形容词recyclable。
2.答案：poverty
解析：句意为:三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或贫困线以下。名词短语 the poverty line 意为“贫困线”,故填poverty。
3.答案：entirely
解析：句意为:那本书的结局完全是可以预见的。此处需要副词,修饰空后的predictable,故填entirely。
4.答案：poisonous
解析：句意为:要是她之前意识到了蘑菇是有毒的,那么她就不会把它们摘下来当晚餐了。此处应用形容词,表示“有毒的”,与空前的be动词构成系表结构,故填poisonous。
5.答案：a
解析：句意为:因此,关于空间的某些原理是先于经验而存在的。 此处考查短语as a consequence,意为“因此”,故填不定冠词a。
6.答案：①To prevent ②be passed ③being polluted
解析：①分析语境可知, 空格处表示目的, 需用不定式。
②句子的主语laws与动词pass之间为动宾关系, 需用被动语态。
③from为介词, 其后需接名词或动名词; 且water与pollute之间为动宾关系, 需用其被动语态。
7.答案：①while ②healthier ③shared
解析：①分析语境可知, 空格处表示前后两个动作同时进行, 需用while引导。
②由句中的and及better, cleaner可知, 需用比较级。
③由空格后的名词future可知, 需用形容词, 意为“共享的”。
8.答案：against
解析：考查介词。固定短语:protest against反对/抗议……。故填against。句意:受害者的家长们反对她提前释放。
9.答案：economy
解析：考查名词。分析可知空格处作contribute to的宾语，需用名词，且空前有the，故填economy。句意:像是NBA中的那些体育明星为国家经济做出了贡献，为体育产业以及广告业带来了好处。
10.答案：with
解析：考查介词。固定短语:go hand in hand with与……密切相关/紧密相连。故填with。句意:运气和机会与勤奋和知识紧密相连。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.和第二段第一句 John went back to observing nature and asking questions.以及第二段约翰提出的两个问题可知,约翰是一个有好奇心、爱探索的人。故选C项。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。第三段首句点明了约翰的目的,其余九句说明了实验过程,即他用池塘和小溪里的动植物建成了一个小型生态缸,待缸内生态系统形成后,他放进污泥以查看此生态系统是否和现实环境一样,可以自我修复;根据第四段可知,他的实验成功了。由此可推知,他放进污泥是为了检验其制作的“生态机器”。故选D项。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词Fuzhou可定位到文章第五段,根据第五段第一句Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.及下文的例子可知,作者提到福州是为了举例说明约翰关于“生态设计”这一想法的应用。故选B项。
14.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句及最后一段中的Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.可知,约翰的“生态设计”的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ FGBED
解析：①根据上文“Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery.(科学家们最近访问了南太平洋的亨德森岛，有了一个惊人的发现。）”可知，科学家们到了一个岛上并有了惊人的发现。而下文“They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic.(他们计算出有3800万件塑料。)”则告诉我们塑料的总数。选项F“Although remote and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste. 尽管这个岛很偏远,以前也没有被人类接触过,但岛上到处都是塑料垃圾。”承上启下，与上下文内容一致。故选F。
②根据上文内容Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents(洋流)collect this waste in large circular systems called“gyres”.(大约95%的塑料制品无法回收，大量流入海洋。洋流在称为“环流”的大型循环系统中收集这些废物。）可知，在海洋中，环流在收集这些废物。G选项One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.（最大的垃圾带之一位于太平洋，这一地区现在被称为“大太平洋垃圾带”。)与上文内容一致。故选G。
③根据上文The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or“micro plastic”.(当塑料分解成非常小的碎片或微塑料时，问题变得更糟。)可知，微塑料会更糟糕，而空后“Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world.(人类也吃这些鱼，甚至在世界各地的自来水中发现了微塑料。)”则暗示空处指的是鱼类会食用微塑料。选项B“This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss.(这被鱼吃掉，导致大量的物种消失。)”承上启下，与本段内容一致。故选B.
④空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem.(在希腊潜水时,年轻的Boyan Slat注意到塑料垃圾比鱼还多。他当时就决定将自己的一生奉献给解决这个问题。）可知，本段主要讲述的是有人正在拯救海洋塑料垃圾。选项E“However, there are some young minds working to clean up the sea for future generations.(然而，有一些年轻人正致力于为子孙后代清理海洋。）”与下文内容一致。故选E。
⑤根据下文“Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start! 保护海洋免受塑料污染是一个很好的开始！小”可知，空处指的应该是一个很好的憧憬，而保护海洋免受塑料污染是这一美好未来的良好开端。选项D“Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century.（我们的目标应该是为本世纪创造一种新的生活方式）”与下文内容一致。故选D。

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