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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.We found further __________ (science) evidence for this theory.
2.70. The new technology was a __________ (应用) to farming.
3.He took a very __________ (science) approach to management.
4.He began to feel sympathy for this slightly __________ (mystery) man.
5.South Africa has submitted an __________ (apply) to host the World Cup.
6.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________ (ignorant).
7.Children are allowed much more __________ (free) these days.
8.I am embarrassed at my complete __________ (ignore) of history.
9.They need to apply __________ planning permission if they want to build garages in the community.
10.We need to examine all the costs __________ (involve) in the project first.
二、阅读理解
In the summer of 1885, nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very ill. He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies(狂犬病), a very dangerous disease. His parents were told that there was probably only one man who could save Joseph's life——Louis Pasteur.
When Pasteur was a young boy in France, he spent many hours every day with the chemist (药剂师) who lived in his small town. At that time, the chemist had to make all the medicines himself. Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.
As a school boy, Pasteur worked slowly and carefully. At first, his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner. Through elementary school, high school, and college, Pasteur worked in the same thoughtful way. Then he became a college professor and a scientist, and he continued to work very carefully.
Pasteur was studying about the germs(细菌)that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill. In fact, Pasteur believed he had a medical treatment for rabies, but he had never given it to a person before. At first, Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph, but the poor child was dying. Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation(预防接种)every day for ten days. Slowly, the child became better.
During his lifetime, Pasteur studied germs and learned how they cause diseases in animals and people. He developed vaccinations(疫苗)that prevent many of these diseases. On September 28,1895, Louis Pasteur passed away, at the age of 72. The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.
11.The story of Joseph Meister is given to __________.
A. express the author's sadness
B. introduce the subject of the text
C. show some common diseases in 1885
D. warn children to stay away from dogs
12.According to the text, young Louis _________.
A. was once badly hurt by a dog
B. was very interested in medicine
C. made a living by working for a chemist
D. had been thought of by his teachers
13.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that Louis Pasteur __________.
A. was always patient B. was clever but proud
C. was a slow learner D. was a humorous professor
14.What would be the best title for the text
A. Germs and diseases B. Rabies: a terrible disease
C. The earliest chemist in France D. Louis Pasteur: a great scientist
三、七选五
Sir William Osler has been called the “father of modern medicine”. His influence on the high standards of medical education was significant. Before Osler, it was common for medical students to graduate from medical school without ever examining a patient. ①_____ He devoted himself to a system that taught students at the bedside in the hospital.
②_____ His style of teaching was inspiring, always including cheerful greetings to patients and always adding insightful(富有洞察力的) criticisms of students-but never in a mean-spirited fashion.
③_____ In fact, Osler once said, “To study the phenomenon (现象) of disease without books is to sail an uncharted(未知的) sea, while o study books without patients is not to go to sea at all”
In addition to his role in making bedside teaching standard practice for medical education, Osler continually emphasized (强调) that medical school was not the end of education but just the beginning. ④_____ Osler fully realized that continuing medical education required hard work, but he emphasized that the benefits were well worth the effort.
True to the high value he placed on continuing education, Osler always addressed medical students as “fellow students”. He also believed that physicians(医师) needed to be well rounded. ⑤_____
Osler's love of education was lifelong. His ideas clearly are as valuable today as they were more than 100 years ago; in fact, they are probably even more important today, given the rate of change in the medical knowledge base.
A.Osler disliked this approach to medical education.
B.He then showed great interest in medical education.
C.Osler was also famous for teaching during ward rounds.
D.He asked his students to always carry a small notebook with them.
E.Osler's emphasis was always on treating patients and not just diseases.
F.He suggested that all physicians spend at least 30 minutes in the evening reading the classics.
G.He always reminded students of the importance of continuing their educational development.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：scientific
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词evidence,应用形容词,表示“科学的”,故填scientific。
2.答案：applied
解析：句子是被动语态，be applied to 表示 “被应用于”，这里说新技术被应用于农业，所以填 applied。
3.答案：scientific
解析：句意为:他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应用形容词来修饰名词approach。
4.答案：mysterious
解析：考查形容词。句意:他开始对这位有点儿神秘的男子感到同情。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词man,故用形容词形式。
5.答案：application
解析：句意为:南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。由空前的an可知,此处应使用名词形式作宾语。
6.答案：ignorance
解析：句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中 and 表示并列,连接的是名词 prejudice 和设空处,故此处应用名词形式 ignorance。
7.答案：freedom
解析：句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。allow是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使用名词形式 freedom。
8.答案：ignorance
解析：考查名词。句意:我对历史一无所知,这让我很难堪。形容词修饰名词,根据形容词complete可知,空处用名词形式;表示“无知”,用名词ignorance。
9.答案：for
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:如果他们想在社区建车库的话,他们需要申请规划许可。apply for“申请”,为固定用法。
10.答案：involved
解析：考查过去分词。句意:我们首先需要审查与这一项目有关的所有费用。be involved in为固定搭配,意为“涉及,与……有关”,此处作后置定语,故填involved。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知,约瑟夫被患狂犬病的狗咬伤后病情严重,他的父母得知只有路易斯 巴斯德能治疗这种病。下文则展开对路易斯 巴斯德的介绍,由此推断第一段讲述约瑟夫的故事是为了引出文章主题,即向人们介绍路易斯 巴斯德以及他为现代医学作出的巨大贡献。故选B项。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.可知,路易斯 巴斯德小时候喜欢看药剂师工作。由此可知,他对医学很感兴趣。故选B项。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的As a schoolboy, Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.和he continued to work very carefully可知,路易斯 巴斯德做事缓慢且仔细,非常有耐心。故选A项。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据最后一段最后一句The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.可知,本文主要介绍了伟大的科学家路易斯 巴斯德的生平以及他对现代医学作出的巨大贡献。故D项适合作为本文的最佳标题。
三、七选五
答案：ACEGF
解析：①过渡句。上文提到在Osler 之前,医学院学生直到毕业都从未检查过病人这一情况是很常见的。下文提到他致力于一种在医院病床边教学生的教育方式,A项“Osler不喜欢这种医学教育方法”承接上文,说明Osler对这种教育方式的看法,并引出下文他对医学教育的贡献,符合语境。A项中的“this approach to medical education”指代上文中提到的医学院学生在校学习期间不检查病人这一医学教育方式。故选A。
②细节句。根据下文内容可知,本段主要介绍的是Osler的教学风格,C项“Osler还以在查病房期间教学而闻名”与下文构成顺承关系,符合语境。C项中的teaching是原词复现,且“ward rounds”呼应下文中的“cheerful greetings to patients”。故选C。
③细节句。根据下文Osler所说的话可知,他认为脱离书本研究疾病的现象就像在未知的大海上航行,而脱离病人只看书学习就像从未出海一样。由此可知,Osler 非常重视与病人的接触,故E项“Osler 一直强调治疗病人,而不仅仅是治疗疾病”与下文衔接紧密,符合语境。E项中的patients和diseases是原词复现。故选E。
④细节句。上文指出Osler不断强调医学院不是教育的结束,只是教育的开始,下文提到Osler认为虽然继续医学教育很辛苦,但其益处是值得的,G项“他总是提醒学生继续教育发展的重要性”也是在说Osler对继续教育的看法,符合语境。G项中的“continuing their educational development”呼应上文中的“not the end of education”和下文中的“continuing medical education”。故选G。
⑤细节句。上文指出Osler 认为医师需要全面发展。F项“他建议所有医师晚上至少花30分钟阅读经典著作”正是他对医师如何全面发展提出的建议,与上文构成顺承关系,符合语境。F项中的physicians是原词复现,“reading the classics”呼应上文中的“to be well rounded”。 well rounded全才的,通才的,全面发展的。Unit 3 The world online—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.We offer free __________ (technique) support to those buying our software.
2.An electric wheelchair has given her greater __________ (mobile).
3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, __________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
4.They wanted to set __________ their own import-export business.
5.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of __________ (entertain).
6.His curious words left me __________ (wonder) about his real purpose. I don't think I should take them literally.
7. __________ (look) at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement.
8.She made a request that we all __________ (be) present at the party.
9.The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now is how to cut back on the cost.
10.When we got a call __________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
二、阅读理解
A survey of university students shows that those who place more online orders for food seem more likely to feel depressed. The Panel Study of Chinese University Students released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences surveyed students at 18 universities.
The survey found that time spent online in general had a significant impact on students' mental health. The longer a student spent online each day, the worse the self-evaluation was and the higher the likelihood of depression. For sleep quality, about 45 percent of student respondents gave themselves a score of 6 points out of 10. Data showed that 6.4 percent of university students order takeaway food online almost every day, followed by 16 percent who place orders 3 to 5 times a week and 21 percent who use the service once to twice weekly. Dr Zhang Zhenyu, who participated in the research, said students on average had a self-assessment that rated their physical and mental health at 8.45 points. Over 36 percent scored more than 10 points on the CESD-10 depression scale. Zhang also found that 29. 9 percent of students thought themselves "fat" or "very fat" and 54.3 percent said their appearance scored 6 out of 10.
According to the survey, 2.5 percent have had facial plastic surgery (整形手术) and 5.8 percent have plans to improve their appearance through surgery in the next three years. Among students who want plastic surgery and those willing to do it, girls take up 64 percent and 79.8 percent respectively (依次).
The survey also showed that 22.6 percent of students were left-behind children when they were kids, which research defines as children separated from their parents for six months in a row who had to be looked after by others. Zhang said the early experience of separation from parents had a negative impact on students' mental health and self-assessment scores. They also had higher depression scores than those who lived with parents.
The research team also found that students with good family economic conditions scored higher in all dimensions than students from poor families. Students with a good physical and mental status had strong time management and self-management abilities.
11.How many of them make online orders for daily food according to the surveyed students
A.6.4%. B.16%. C.21%. D.45%.
12.How is the second paragraph developed
A.By making comparisons. B.By giving clear explanation.
C.By giving data. D.By following time order.
13.What would a student be if he (or she) spent a lot of time online
A.Better in the self-evaluation. B.More likely to feel depressed.
C.In high spirits in daily life. D.Mentally and physically healthy.
14.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Nine out of ten students regard themselves as fat or very fat people.
B.Many girls show no interest in facial plastic surgery.
C.Students who lived with their parents longer had lower depression scores.
D.A student with a strong body usually comes from a well-off family.
三、七选五
Fights at school have become an increasingly familiar sight for children. You should know what to do if you are in a fight, or see a fight at school. ①_________
You should try to get away if you can. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say "stop" before walking away. ②_________ If the person doesn't stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
③_________ In some school areas, everyone involved in a fight can be punished, no matter who started it.
What should you do if you see a fight You mustn't jump in to break up a fight or help a friend. If you get involved in a fight, you may suffer injuries and punishment. ④_________ It's a good choice to find an adult or call the police. Shout loudly to break up the fight or warn that an adult is coming.
⑤_________ It only provides temporary relief for the attacker and causes more trouble. If you are concerned about fights at school, the best thing you can do is talk to an adult who will listen and take action.
A. Violence never solves problems.
B. You should support one side for good reason.
C. There're a few ways for you to protect yourself.
D. The attacker usually stops when you've running fast.
E. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down.
F. You can do something if a fight breaks out at school.
G. Fighting, even in self-protection, should always be a last choice.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：technical
解析：句意为:我们向那些购买我们软件的顾客提供免费的技术支持。设空处修饰名词support,作定语,结合句意可知,应用形容词,意为“技术的”。
2.答案：mobility
解析：句意为:电动轮椅让她行动起来更加方便了。根据前文has given her 可知,此处应用名词作直接宾语,mobility意为“灵活性;易于行走的能力”,为不可数名词。故填mobility。
3.答案：allowing
解析：句意为:这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,使更多的病人能够得到治疗。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。
4.答案：up
解析：句意为:他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。set up 意为“建立,成立,创立”,后面常接公司、机构、委员会等作宾语。
5.答案：entertainment
解析：句意为:另一个反对电视的论据说,它代替阅读成了一种消遣形式。a form of 意为“一种……的形式”,后面要接名词作宾语,故填 entertainment。
6.答案：wondering
解析：句意为:他奇怪的话使我想知道他的真正目的,我认为我不应该按字面意思理解它们。此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构,意为“让……处于(某种状态)”;me和wonder之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填wondering
7.答案：Looking
解析：句意: 看着我的同班同学们的脸庞, 我读到了同样的兴奋。分词短语放在句首作状语, 动词look表示的动作是句子主语I所发出的, 它们之间是主动关系, 故填Looking。
8.答案：be
解析：句意: 她要求我们都要参加宴会。request作名词后跟同位语从句时, 谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略, 故填be。
9.答案：being discussed
解析：句意: 此刻会议上正在讨论的问题是如何削减成本。The problem和discuss之间是被动关系, 再根据now可知应用现在分词的被动形式, 故填being discussed。
10.答案：saying
解析：句意为: 当我们接到说她入围的电话时, 我们以为这只是一个玩笑。设空处应用非谓语动词作定语, 修饰call, 且call与say之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 故填现在分词saying。
二、阅读理解
答案：11-14.ACBC
解析：11.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Data showed that 6.4 percent of university students order takeaway food online almost every day, followed by 16 percent who place orders 3 to 5 times a week and 21 percent who use the service once to twice weekly. 可知,数据显示,6. 4%的大学生几乎每天在网上点外卖,16%的大学生一周点外卖3到5次,21%的大学生一周点外卖1到2次。故选A项。
12.推理判断题。第二段列举大量的数据来说明调查结果。因此第二段主要是运用列数据的方式展开的,分析选项可知C项符合题意。故选C项。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 The survey found that time spent online in general had a significant impact on students' mental health. The longer a student spent online each day, the worse the self-evaluation was and the higher the likelihood of depression. 可知, 调查发现,上网时间总体上对学生的心理健康有显著影响。学生每天上网时间越长,自我评估越差,抑郁的可能性越高。由此可知,上网越多,越有可能会抑郁。故选B项。
14.推理判断题。根据第四段中的 Zhang said the early experience of separation from parents had a negative impact on students' mental health and self-assessment scores. They also had higher depression scores than those who lived with parents. 可知,与父母分离的早期经历对学生的心理健康和自我评估分数产生了负面影响。他们也比那些和父母住在一起的学生在抑郁方面得分更高。由此可推断,与父母一起生活时间较长的学生在抑郁方面得分较低。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：CEGFA
解析：①根据上文中的“You should know what to do if you are in a fight, or see a fight at school”可知,在学校里,打架斗殴这种暴力事件日益增加,你应该了解怎么做,而且下面几个段落讲的是具体的建议,C项“有一些保护你自己的方法”起到了承上启下的作用。
②E项中的“Loud voice”与前面的“loudly say 'stop' before walking away”中的loudly以及后面一句话中的cry呼应。故选E项。
③下文讲无论是谁先开始暴力行为的,任何参与的人都会受到惩罚,因此G项“打架,即使是为了自卫,应当永远是下下策”符合本段内容。
④空后面的“It's a good choice to find an adult or call the police. Shout loudly to break up the fight or warn that an adult is coming”是具体的行动,这里应当是说如果校园里发生了打架事件,你是可以做些什么的。故选F。
⑤结合后面的“It only provides temporary relief for the attacker and causes more trouble”可知,暴力永远不会解决问题,故选A项。Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.Standing at the top of the mountain, we admired the __________ (surround) scenes.
2.Susan is a very __________ (intelligence)woman who has her own mind.
3.I now look forward to __________ (go) back to work as soon as possible.
4.The science team __________ (consist) of 10 students is invited to participate in the competition.
5.Though __________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
6.He remained the most popular __________ (politic) in Arkansas.
7.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their __________ (surround).
8.The key to __________ (get) out of the present global economic downturn is to get all the countries __________ (involve) in international cooperation of all levels.
9.The film __________ (adapt) from a true story left a deep impression on me.
10.She discovered the problem __________ accident during a visit to a nearby school.
二、阅读理解
Researchers have found that short and intense bursts of stair climbing, which can be done almost anywhere, have great benefits for fitness.
The findings make the two most common excuses of couch potatoes untrue: no time and no access to the gym. "Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own home, after work or during the lunch hour," says Martin, a lead author of the study. "This research takes interval (间歇) training out of the lab and makes it accessible to everyone."
Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing over continuous periods of time—up to 70 minutes a week—but researchers wanted to determine if interval training, which includes short and intense exercise separated by short periods of recovery, was a good way to improve heart health.
Researchers recruited (招收) 31 women and tested the effect of two different experiments, each of which required a 10-minute exercise period, including warm-up, cool-down and recovery periods. The exercise periods were done three times a week over the course of six weeks.
The first experiment included three 20 -second periods of continuous climbing in an "all-out" manner. The participants were then compared to those who went through the same experiment using an exercise bike which has already been shown to improve fitness.
For the second experiment, some women climbed up and down one flight of stairs for periods of 60 seconds, an experiment which could be easily done at home.
Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased cardiorespiratory (心肺的) fitness, an important healthy marker that is connected with long life.
11.What does Martin say about stair climbing
A. It saves lots of time. B. It is convenient to do.
C. It requires special training. D. It is better than going to the gym.
12.Why did researchers do the two experiments
A. To test the results of early studies.
B. To encourage people to climb stairs.
C. To prove the benefits of continuous stair climbing.
D. To find out interval training's effect on heart health.
13.What can we learn from the two experiments
A. The first one was better for fitness.
B. The second one required less total time.
C. Both of them were good for heart health.
D. People in the second one turned out healthier.
14.What is the best title for the text
A. How Stair Climbing Benefits People
B. Why Stair Climbing Is the Best Exercise
C. Stair Climbing-A Good Way to Increase Fitness
D. Simple Stair Climbing Exercises at Home
三、完形填空
One morning when I was visiting a poor woman, I noticed her dog was suffering from a terrible case of mange(兽疥癣). I asked why she didn't 15 him and she told me there was nothing she could do about it for being short of 16 .
My heart broke as I watched him slowly trying to stand his 17 from the illness. I asked her if she would mind if I tried to 18 him. I told her I would try to get some 19 to make him feel comfortable. Instead of going to a 20 chemist's shop, I went to the local animal doctor and told him what the dog 21 like and he told me what I needed. When I 22 to the woman's home, I asked her if she would be sure to 23 the dog in the medicine liquid every day until it was 24 .
Two weeks later when I returned to the house, this 25 little ball of dog with red fur 26 me at the door. It was him, shaking his tail 27 . I smiled and told the woman she did a great 28 . I called the dog Firecracker because his fur was so red and lively. Every time I went to her home, Firecracker always greeted me with a wave of his tail.
That was the best $16 I 29 spent.
15.A.feed B.sell C.treat D.donate
16.A.time B.ability C.food D.money
17.A.pain B.noises C.looks D.hopelessness
18.A.change B.please C.help D.buy
19.A.medicine B.love C.water D.milk
20.A.rural B.special C.strange D.regular
21.A.sounded B.looked C.smelled D.felt
22.A.returned B.hurried C.rushed D.turned
23.A.raise B.protect C.walk D.bathe
24.A.cut down B.taken apart C.used up D.paid off
25.A.weak B.funny C.energetic D.naughty
26.A.drove B.ignored C.attacked D.recogized
27.A.honestly B.carefully C.anxiously D.happily
28.A.service B.job C.favor D.attempt
29.A.even B.never C.ever D.then
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：surrounding
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词scenes,故用形容词surrounding,表示“周围的”。
2.答案：intelligent
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词woman,故用形容词intelligent。句意:苏珊是个非常聪明且有主见的女人。
3.答案：going
解析：考查动名词。look forward to中的to为介词,后接动名词形式。
4.答案：consisting
解析：consist动词，意为“由……组成”；分析句子可知，谓语是is invited，空格处填入非谓语动词，consist of没有被动形式，用现在分词作后置定语。故填：consisting。
5.答案：surprised
解析：句意为:虽然见到我们很吃惊,但是教授还是很热情地欢迎了我们。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词作状语,形容 the professor的状态,应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填surprised。 surprised 为已形容词化的过去分词。
6.答案：politician
解析：句意为:他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词最高级most popular修饰且指 He,应使用名词politician。
7.答案：surroundings
解析：句意为:这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。表示“环境;周围的事物”时应使用名词surroundings.
8.答案：getting; involved
解析：句意为:摆脱当前全球经济衰退的关键是让所有国家都参与到各级国际合作中来。the key to...意为“……的关键”,其中to为介词,其后应跟名词或动名词,所以第一空应填动名词 getting;第二空考查“get+宾语+宾补”结构,all the countries 和 involve之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补,所以第二空应填involved。
9.答案：adapted
解析：句意为:这部改编自真实故事的电影给我留下了深刻的印象。设空处应用非谓语形式,adapt与 The film之间为逻辑上的被动关系,此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填adapted。
10.答案：by
解析：句意为:她在去附近一所学校参观时偶然发现了这个问题。by accident为固定短语,意为“偶然,意外地”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own home, after work or during the lunch hour,”says Martin 可知, 马丁说这项运动不需要特定的时间和地点,所以很方便进行。故选 B 项。
12.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 but researchers wanted to determine if interval training... was a good way to improve heart health 可知,研究人员想要确定间歇训练是不是改善心脏健康的好方法。故选 D 项。
13.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased cardiorespiratory fitness 可知, 这两种健身方法都有益于心脏健康。故选 C 项。
14.答案： C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段明确表明, 管楼梯对健康有好处,下文用实验对此进行了证明。由此可见, “爬楼梯—增进健康的好方法”适合作为本文标题。故选 C 项。
三、完形填空
答案：15-19 CDACA 20-24 DBADC 25-29 CDDBC
解析：15.根据上文中的“I noticed her dog was suffering from a terrible case of mange.”可知, 她的狗患有严重的兽疥癣, 需要治疗, 故选C项。
16. 根据上文中的“a poor woman”和下文中的“That was the best $16 I 29 spent.”可知, 这位女士很穷, 没钱给狗看病。故选D项。
17.根据本句中的“My heart broke”和“from the illness”可知狗由于病情严重, 忍受着痛苦。故选A项。
18.下文作者找医生, 出钱给狗看病说明作者在帮助小狗, 故选C项。
19.根据下文中的“going to a 20 chemist's shop, I went to the local animal doctor”和“in the medicine liquid every day”可知作者给狗买药, 故选A项。
20.作者没去常去的药店, 而是去找医生。故选D项。
21.此处指狗看起来的样子, 即狗得病的症状。故选B项。
22.根据后文作者告诉这位女士如何用药可知, 作者是拿完药返回到女士家里。故选A项。
23.根据“the dog in the medicine liquid”可知是用药液给狗洗澡。故选D项。
24.此处指直到把买的药用完, 故选C项。
25.根据“shaking his tail”和下文中的“Firecracker always greeted me with a wave of his tail”可知小狗的病好了, 又恢复了活力。故选C项。
26.根据“shaking his tail”和下文中的“Firecracker always greeted me with a wave of his tail”可知小狗认出了作者, 故选D项。
27.小狗的病好了, 见到作者很高兴。故选D项。
28.那位女士把小狗的病治好了, 她做得很好。故选B项。
29.作者认为这16美元是他曾经花过的钱中最值的。故选C项。Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.I think this is really __________ (sufficient) clear and let's not spend any more time on this issue.
2.The professor __________ (refer) to yesterday will come here tomorrow.
3.She made no __________ (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
4.Wood is a poor __________ (conduct) of heat and electricity.
5.I think this is really __________ (sufficient) clear and let's not spend any more time on this issue.
6.They may only have a __________ (limit) amount of time to get their points across.
7.A very important reason is that the house is __________ short supply.
8.I had intended __________ (call) on you, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
9.You should postpone __________ (make) a decision until you have more information.
10.Humans have to make better use of the __________ (limit) natural resources.
二、阅读理解
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It's a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane (膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It's completely insipid so you needn't worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble (泡状物) or a unit of bubbles hasn't been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It's mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It's quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
11.How is most plastic in America dealt with
A. It is wasted by people.
B. It is reused as new energy.
C. It is buried under the ground.
D.It is applied to new technology.
12.What docs the underlined word "insipid" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Sweet. B. Delicious. C. Tasteless. D. Interesting.
13.What can we infer about Ooho
A. It plans to be sold at a very low price.
B. It has some advantages over plastic bottles.
C. It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.
D. Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.
14.Who might be the target readers
A. Scientists. B. Experts.
C. Environmentalists. D. The public.
三、七选五
When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words, “citizen science(公众科学)”,every now and then. ① _____ It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional (非专业的)scientists in public. They can include teachers, students, etc. and act as volunteers.
② _____ For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand ( 扩大 )the area of a study without making it costly. For example, a bird survey involving volunteers can cover North America in a few weeks and cost a small amount of money. However, paying scientists to perform the same survey would be very expensive, and it would make the study harder.
For volunteers, citizen science can increase their knowledge of science. Besides, it can be fun and sometimes quite interesting. Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment.③ _____
As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild.④ _____ Many universities, for example, have certain programs which invite local gardeners to study their plants and offer scientists information on their plants from their gardens.
If you want to take part in a citizen science project, you should start by being clear about what topic you like.⑤ _____ If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.
A. This term is also known as “crowd science”.
B. Some people may hate taking part in citizen science.
C. Making these people do research has great advantages.
D. For example, volunteers can carry out research in their gardens.
E. And they'd like a chance to communicate with real scientists in the field.
F. Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.
G. But some research programs can save people the trouble of traveling a long way to work.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：sufficiently
解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词 clear,故用副词。句意:我想这真的足够清楚了,我们不要在这个问题上再多花任何时间了。
2.答案：referred
解析：句意为:昨天提到的那位教授明天将会来这里。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语 will come,设空处与谓语之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词。refer to与被修饰词The professor 之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填referred。
3.答案：reference
解析：考查名词。句意:她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。空处作made的宾语,应用名词;根据语境和no可知,空处用名词reference,表示“提及”。
4.答案：conductor
解析：句意为:木头是热和电的不良导体。根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词 poor及空后的介词 of可知,设空处应用名词形式。结合句意可知,此处意为“(电或热的)导体”,故填 conductor。
5.答案：sufficiently
解析：考查副词。句意:我想这真的足够清楚了,让我们不要在这个问题上再花任何多一点的时间了。空处修饰形容词clear,故用副词形式。
6.答案：limited
解析：考查形容词。句意:他们可能只有有限的时间来讲清楚自己的观点。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词amount,表示“有限的”,故用形容词limited。
7.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:一个非常重要的原因是房子供应短缺。in short supply为固定搭配,意为“供应短缺”。
8.答案：to call
解析：考查非谓语动词。intend to do sth.“打算做某事”为固定用法,故填to call。
9.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:你应在收集更多信息之后再做决定。postpone doing sth. “推迟做某事”为固定用法,故填 making。
10.答案：limited
解析：句意为:人类必须更好地利用有限的自然资源。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰natural resources, limited 意为“有限的”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.可知,在美国大多数塑料被人们浪费掉了。故选A项。
12.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.和下文的so you needn't worry about any taste 可知,这种水瓶可以吃,你不必担心有任何味道,这是因为它是完全无味的;由此可推知,insipid 意为“无味道的”,与tasteless意思相近。故选C项。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的It's a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.和第三段内容及第四段第二句可知,Ooho比普通塑料瓶有一些优点。故选B项。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据最后一段可知,Ooho这种瓶子正在崛起中,需要公众的关注,由此可以推知,这篇文章是写给大众看的。故选D项。
三、七选五
答案：ACEGF
解析：①上文“When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words, “citizen science(公众科学)”,every now and then.（当你阅读文章或看电视时，你可能会时不时地看到“公民科学(公众科学)”这样的字眼。)”先引入了citizen science这个词，下文“It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional (非专业的)scientists in public.（它是全部或部分由非专业科学家公开完成的科学研究。)”对这个词进行了解释。那么中间应是对citizen science的补充说明，A项中的“crowd science”就是citizen science的另一种说法。故选A项。
②下文“For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand ( 扩大 )the area of a study without making it costly.（对于研究人员来说，公民科学可以极大地扩展研究领域，而不会使其变得昂贵。)”是说公民研究的优点，前面一句一般来说是对整段的概括，C选项中“Making these people do research has great advantages.（让这些人做研究有很大的好处。)”与下文意思一致。故选C项。
③上文“Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment.（许多志愿者加入公民科学，因为他们对环境感兴趣。)”在说志愿者们愿意加入公民科学的原因，与E选项“And they'd like a chance to communicate with real scientists in the field. （他们希望有机会与该领域真正的科学家交流。)”的描述另一个原因是先后顺序关系。故选E项。
④上文“As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild.（至于公民科学在哪里进行，这取决于不同的研究项目。有些会要求人们去野外一个具有挑战性的地方。)”说是有不同的研究项目，且提到了具有挑战性的地方，那么下面就要说和有挑战性的地方相对的另一个地方，与G选项“But some research programs can save people the trouble of traveling a long way to work.（但是一些研究项目可以省去人们上班的长途跋涉。)”要表达的意思一致。故选G项。
⑤下文“If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.（如果他们同意你的请求，你可以作为公民科学家提供帮助。)”是说同意请求，那么前文推断说应是提交申请，与F项“Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.（然后打电话给某个组织，询问你是否可以在其中一个项目上提供帮助。)”意思一致。故选F项。Unit 3 The world online—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.He laughed, __________ (reveal) a line of white teeth.
2.The government has cut back __________ defence spending.
3. __________ (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
4.The thief knocked him __________ his feet and ran away.
5.She relied on tough love and her parenting instincts to help him quit __________ (drink).
6.The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now is how to cut back on the cost.
7.She stared out of the window, __________ (lose) in thought.
8. __________ (specific), the department wanted answers to the following questions.
9. __________ (hear) the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
10.Please give me a chance __________ (explain).
二、阅读理解
Have you ever made your life look a little more charming than it actually is by posting beautified things on social media If so, you may be damaging your mental health.
The posts we make on social media platforms allow us to look back and see what we did on a given day. But what happens when, in an effort to impress our online friends, photos and videos we post become beautified versions of the things we did
A young girl named Sophia went out to a romantic anniversary dinner with her boyfriend, had a near relationship-ending fight during dessert, and then came home and posted, "Had the best time out with the love of my life!"—even with a photo of the meal. No surprise, but according to a new study, Sophia was by no means unique. Two-thirds of users admit lying about their lives on social media with 20 per cent of young people between the ages of 18 and 24 stating that they edit their own stories by frequently lying about relationships and promotions.
By beautifying our online stories, we are harming our memories. We start believing the stories we tell rather than remembering what really happened. Soon, the real experiences are lost and all that remains is the beautified versions of history.
Scientists fear that these edited stories will end up changing our memories. It's well confirmed through research that our own memories are often unreliable and can be easily controlled. Writing down one's life in the form of a journal, or even on social media can help us keep our memories undamaged, but only if we tell the truth. So recording our experiences through whatever medium, to later recall lessons we learnt, is not only acceptable but desirable. In fact, looking back on our own past-however embarrassing or uncomfortable—is not just healthy but can be enjoyable.
11.Why did Sophia post her story with a photo of the meal
A. To make her post attractive.
B. To show her photography skill.
C. To convince others of her story.
D. To show how enjoyable the meal was.
12.In what kind of tone did the writer write the text
A. Encouraging. B. Critical. C. Humorous. D. Enthusiastic.
13.What don't many people realize in the last paragraph
A. Recalling the unpleasant past can also be enjoyable.
B. Writing down our life on social media does no good to us.
C. Recording experiences through media is unacceptable.
D. Recording our experiences through media is beneficial.
14.What lesson can be drawn from the text
A. Leaving others a good impression is desirable.
B. Editing our online stories weakens our memory.
C. Posting our experiences on social media is risky.
D. Beautifying our history ends up hurting ourselves.
三、完形填空
I'd never been to a Day of the Dead festival before. As my dad and I looked around for seats, I 15 Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us. "Hi, Mr O'kane," he 16 my dad. Then he turned to me. "Nate! Will you help me "
"Whatever you need," I said.
Marco threw me parts of a 17 : Mexican sandals(凉鞋), a straw hat, a cane(手杖), a gray wig, and an "old man" mask(面具). "My cousin couldn't 18 !" Marco's voice rang with worry.
"It's part of a traditional dance," he said.
"You expect me to dance " I 19 . "I don't dance!"
Marco smiled. "It'll be fun. And hurry! We're 20 late."
"We're going to do a lot of stomping(跺脚). Slow at first. Keep one hand 21 on your back, like an old man with an ache," added Marco.
The speakers 22 : "Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for The Dance of the Little Old Men!"
"Be quick", Marco 23 to me to follow his lead.
We all began stomping slowly to music. I could only see 24 the small holes of the mask. I continued to stomp, trying to 25 what to do. I leaned on my cane and kept a hand low on my back. After a few minutes of dancing like that, my back 26 started to ache.
The music 27 . And we stomped quickly. Performing with Mexican sandals was 28 . People laughed as we hopped and kicked, but after a moment the laughter turned into cheers.
Marco gave me a thumbs-up. As the audience clapped for our group, I said to him happily, "You were right. That was 29 ."
15.A.watched B.spotted C.monitored D.observed
16.A.satisfied B.ignored C.contacted D.greeted
17.A.suit B.chain C.decoration D.costume
18.A.make it B.get it C.focus on D.go through
19.A.chatted B.despaired C.hesitated D.replied
20.A.staying B.running C.working D.changing
21.A.up B.high C.low D.down
22.A.shouted B.announced C.defined D.issued
23.A.signalled B.pointed C.moved D.complained
24.A.through B.in C.over D.under
25.A.bring about B.carry on C.figure out D.put out
26.A.extremely B.possibly C.truly D.finally
27.A.disappeared B.sped up C.started D.faded away
28.A.typical B.brief C.tough D.flexible
29.A.significant B.creative C.beneficial D.fun
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：revealing
解析：句意为:他笑了起来,露出一排洁白的牙齿。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语形式, reveal与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填 revealing。
2.答案：on
解析：句意为:政府已削减了国防开支。cut back on 为固定搭配,意为“削减,缩减”。
3.答案：Judging
解析：句意为:从汽车的数量来看,他认为在俱乐部的人不是很多。judging from为固定搭配,意为“依据……来判断”,故填 Judging
4.答案：off
解析：句意为:小偷把他撞倒在地就逃跑了。knock sb off one's feet为固定搭配,意为“撞倒某人,使某人双脚离地”。
5.答案：drinking
解析：句意:她依靠严格的爱和她为人母的本能来帮他戒酒。quit doing sth. 停止做某事,故填动名词。
6.答案：being discussed
解析：句意: 此刻会议上正在讨论的问题是如何削减成本。The problem和discuss之间是被动关系, 再根据now可知应用现在分词的被动形式, 故填being discussed。
7.答案：lost
解析：考查形容词短语作状语。 be lost in thought“陷入沉思”为固定搭配，此处为形容词短语作状语，故填lost。
8.答案：Specifically
解析：句意 :具体来说,部门里希望以下问题得到解决。空处作状语,修饰整个句子,故填副词。
9.答案：Hearing
解析：句意 :听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。此处用分词短语作状语,句子主语the students和动词hear之间是主动关系,故填现在分词。
10.答案：to explain
解析：句意 :请给我一个解释的机会。chance 后常跟不定式作后置定语,故填to explain。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的But what happens when, in an effort to impress our online friends, photos and videos we post become beautified versions of the things we did 可知,我们在社交媒体上发布实际生活的美化版,是为了给我们的网友留下深刻印象。接着第三段举了索菲娅的例子,她和男友吵架之后还发布美文,甚至附带照片,其目的就是使别人相信她那个美化后的故事。故选C项。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。作者在文章第一段中直接表明态度,即在社交媒体上发布美化版的生活有损自己的精神健康;下文进一步讲到在网络上美化故事会改变及破坏我们的记忆,由此可以推知,作者的写作基调是批判的。故选B项。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知,美化我们的经历实际是在破坏我们的记忆,事实上真正的记忆不论多么尴尬或不适,回忆起来都是健康的甚至是愉快的,文章在此用In fact强调,说明很多人没有意识到这个道理。故选A项。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。由第四段中的By beautifying our online stories, we are harming our memories.可知,在网络上美化故事实际是在破坏我们的记忆,使我们忘记真正的记忆,由此可见,美化我们的经历最终将伤害我们自己。故选D项。
三、完形填空
答案：15-19 BDDAC 20-24 BCBAA 25-29 CCBCD
解析：15.根据空后的“Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us”可知, “我”看到“我”最好的朋友马可正朝“我们”赶过来, 故B项正确。spot看见; 看出; 注意到; 发现。
16.根据空前的“Hi, Mr O'kane”可知, 马可向“我”爸爸打招呼, 故D项正确。greet和(某人)打招呼(或问好)。
17.空后的“Mexican sandals, a straw hat, a cane, a gray wig, and an 'old man' mask”都是一套戏服的组成部分, 故D项正确。costume服装, 装束; 戏装。
18.空前一句说马可扔给“我”一套戏服, 这说明他表弟来不了了, 故A项正确。make it获得成功; 准时到达。
19.根据空后的“I don't dance!”可知, “我”不想跳舞, 所以“我”犹豫了, 故C项正确。hesitate犹豫, 迟疑不决。
20.空前的“And hurry!”表明“我们”要迟到了, 故B项正确。run late赶不及, 迟到。
21.根据空后的“like an old man with an ache”可知, “我们”要装得像一个后背疼的老人, 这说明“我们”要把一只手低放在背上, 故C项正确。
22.空后的“Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for The Dance of the Little Old Men!”是主持人宣布的内容, 故B项正确。announce宣布; 通知。
23.根据空后的“to me to follow his lead”可知, 马可示意“我”跟着他走, 故A项正确。signal示意; 发信号。
24.根据空后的“the small holes of the mask”可知, “我”只能透过面具上的小孔看到外面, 故A项正确。
25.根据空后的“what to do”可知, “我”想弄明白该怎么做, 故C项正确。figure out弄懂; 弄清楚; 弄明白。
26.根据上文中的“Keep one hand 21 on your back, like an old man with an ache”可知, 跳舞时, “我们”要把一只手低放在背上, 装作一个后背疼的老人。此处与之形成对比, 说的是跳了几分钟之后, “我”的后背真的开始疼了, 故C项正确。truly真诚地; 真正地; 确实地。
27.空后一句说“我们”也跟着快速地跺脚, 这说明音乐的节奏加快了, 故B项正确。speed up(使)加速。
28.根据空前的“Performing with Mexican sandals”可知, 穿着墨西哥凉鞋跳舞很难, 故C项正确。tough艰难的; 严厉的。
29.根据上文中的“It'll be fun.”及空前的“You were right.”可知, 马可说得对, 这是一次非常有趣的经历, 故D项正确。

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