资源简介

英语[W]
一　背记单词/词块
◎太空
1．fuel n. 燃料
2．Mars n. 火星
3．spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
4．orbit v. 环绕……运行
5．capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱
◎自然
6．fox n. 狐狸
7．chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
8．seaside adj. 海滨的
9．suburb n. 郊区
10．flourish v. 生长茂盛，兴盛
11．racoon n. 浣熊
12．clay n. 黏土
13．cave n. 洞穴
14．blaze n. 烈火，大火
15．hostile adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
16．trunk n. 树干
◎日常生活
17．commit v. 犯(错误或罪行)
18．garbage n. 垃圾
19．lamb n. 羔羊肉
20．kebab n. 烤(肉)串
21．garlic n. (大)蒜
22．appreciate v. 欣赏
23．indoors adv. 在室内
24．react v．(作出)反应
25．wipe v. 擦，试，揩
26．agency n. 机构；局，部，处
◎人物
27．thief n. 小偷
28．newcomer n. 新来者
29．firefighter n. 消防队员
30．astronaut n. 宇航员
◎其他
31．estimate v. 估计
32．restrict v. 限制
33．kit n. 成套工具
34．heat wave 酷热期
35．eliminate v. 消除，根除
36．nuclear adj. 核武器的
37．stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
二　词形变化
1．crime n. 罪，罪行→criminal n. 罪犯　adj. 犯罪的，犯法的
2．greed n. 贪欲；贪婪→greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的→greedily adv. 贪食地；贪婪地
3．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的→urbanization n. 都市化
4．predator n. 掠食动物→predatory adj. 掠夺的
5．contain v. 包含→container n. 容器
6．migrate v. 移动；随季节而移居→migrant n. 移民→migration n. 迁移→migratory adj. 迁徙的
7．crucial adj. 至关重要的→crucially adv. 关键地
8．hike n．& v. 远足→hiker n. 徒步旅行者
9．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的→optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
10．consume v. 消耗→consumer n. 消费者→consumption n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量；消费
11．supplement v. 补充→supplementary adj. 补充的
12．fierce adj. 恶劣的→fiercely adv. 猛烈地→fierceness n. 凶猛
13．month n. 月份→monthly adj. 每月一次的
14．advance n. 进步；预先；发展；提高　v. (使)向前移动；使提前；发展→advanced adj. 高级的；先进的→advancement n. 促进；发展；晋升
15．terrify v. 使恐惧，使惊吓→terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrified adj. 非常害怕的；极度惊恐的→terror n. 恐怖；恐怖行为；令人讨厌的人
16．manned adj. 有人控制的→unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
17．consist v. 组成→consistent adj. 一致的，连续的，相符的→consistency n. 连贯性，一致性；黏稠度
18．infer v. 推断，推定→inference n. 推理；推论；推断
19．expose v. 使暴露(于险境)→exposed adj. 暴露的，不遮挡风雨的，无遮蔽的→exposure n. 暴露
20．dust n. 尘土→dusty adj. 落满灰尘的
1．His play showed why some are optimistic and why that optimism must be tempered. (optimistic)
2．The group are carrying on the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior and law enforcement.(crime)
3．Advanced culture is the fruit of human's civilization and advancement. (advance)
4．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train. It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a high speed train.(terrify)
5．They put the two reports into a container,__neither of which contained any useful suggestions. (contain)
6．Greed for money blinded the greedy woman to the danger. (greed)
7．Our monthly talks start at 7：30 pm on the first Thursday of each month. (month)
8．Urban domestic garbage is a big problem in the process of urbanization. (urban)
三　熟词生义
1.fuel [熟义] n. 燃料
[生义] v. 给……提供燃料；增加，刺激；给(交通工具)加油
2．blaze [熟义] n. 烈火，大火
[生义] n. (光或色彩等的)展现 v. 闪耀，发亮光；怒视；熊熊燃烧
3．fierce [熟义] adj. 恶劣的，极端的
[生义] adj. 凶猛的，凶狠的；强烈的，猛烈的
4．hostile [熟义] adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
[生义] adj. 敌意的，敌对的；敌军的
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy.
作为一个美食家，要抓住我的心就得先抓住我的胃，没有什么地方比意大利更能刺激我的食欲。
2．Her eyes were blazing with fury.
她的双眼燃烧着怒火。
3．Competition from abroad became fiercer in the 1990s.
20世纪90年代，来自国外的竞争变得更加激烈。
4．The city is encircled by a hostile army.
该市被敌军的部队包围。
小积累word families
　　1.翱翔“太空”记单词 ①capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱 ②launch v. 发射 ③astronomy n. 天文学 ④universe n. 宇宙 ⑤satellite n. 卫星 ⑥gravity n. 重力 ⑦planet n. 行星；地球 2.“无被动语态”常考短语清单 ①consist__of 由……构成，由……组成 ②run__out 用完 ③date back to 追溯到 ④give out 用尽 ⑤belong to 属于 ⑥come up 走近；被提出 3.“极具吸引力的”家族 ①stunning 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 ②magnetic 富有吸引力的；有魅力的 ③fascinating 极有吸引力的；迷人的 ④alluring 诱人的；有吸引力的 ⑤intriguing 引起好奇心的；令人感兴趣的
一　词表短语
1．cope__with 应付
2．bring__...__under__control 使……处于控制之下
3．get__rid__of 摆脱，除去
4．wipe__out 彻底摧毁，消灭
5．consist__of 由……构成，由……组成
6．in__the__meantime 在此期间，与此同时
　选用上面的短语填空
1．More than 70 percent of king penguins could be wiped__out by rising ocean temperatures, according to a recent survey.
2．In order to have a good sleep and commit ourselves to study, we learnt to get__rid__of our bad habits.
3．The team practiced relentlessly in order to bring their poor shooting performance under__control．
4．In__the__meantime,__the police were notified and arrived at the scene.
二　写作词块
1．push__the__animals__out__of__their__natural__habitats 把动物们赶出它们的自然栖息地
2．out__of__reach 够不着，达不到
3．under__construction 建设中
4．figure__out 想出，理解，弄清
5．fit__in__with (使)适合，(使)与……一致
6．get__a__better__understanding__of 更好地理解……
7．heat__wave 酷热期，热浪期
8．limit__fuel__consumption 限制燃料消耗
9．threaten__the__survival__of__local__species 威胁到当地物种的生存
10．succeed__in 在……(如某行业)中获得成功
11．a__big__step__forward 向前迈进了一大步
12．amount__to 总计；达到
1．(教材P82)不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。 (no matter how引导让步状语从句)
No__matter__how__many__crimes__he__committed,__the__police__were__powerless__to__arrest__him.
2．(教材P84)只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。(only＋状语位于句首引起部分倒装)
Only__then__can__we__look__towards__harmoniously__sharing__our__urban__habitats.
3．(教材P91)活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
Staying__alive__will__be__a__daily__challenge,__but__as__proved__by__the__Biosphere__2__experiment,__not__impossible.
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．appreciate v. 欣赏，赏识
2．estimate v. 估计，估算
3．expose v. 使暴露(于险境)→exposed adj. 暴露的，不遮挡风雨的，无遮蔽的→exposure n. 暴露
4．greed n. 贪欲；贪婪→greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的→greedily adv. 贪食地；贪婪地
5．advance n. 进步；预先；发展；提高　v. (使)向前移动；使提前；发展→advanced adj. 高级的；先进的→advancement n. 促进；发展；晋升
6．consist v. 组成→consistent adj. 一致的，连续的，相符的→consistency n. 连贯性，一致性，黏稠度
7．terrify v. 使恐惧，使惊吓→terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrified adj. 非常害怕的；极度惊恐的→terror n. 恐怖；恐怖行为；令人讨厌的人
8．consume v. 消耗→consumer n. 消费者→consumption n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量；消费
9．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的→optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
10．infer v. 推断，推定→inference n. 推理；推论；推断
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.whereas/ we r' z/conj. 然而；但是；尽管 2．ladder/'l d (r)/n. 梯子；阶梯 3．suspend/s 'spend/vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 4．nail/neIl/n. 钉子；指甲；趾甲　vt. (用钉子)钉牢 5.absurd/ b's d/adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 6．dignity/'dIɡn ti/n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 7．grief/ɡri f/n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 8．barren/'b r n/adj. 贫瘠的；不结果实的
二、重点语块
As the emergency arose, the crew swiftly coped__with (应付) the crisis, bringing it firmly under__control (使……处于控制之下). They worked out strategies to get__rid__of (摆脱) dangers and aimed to wipe__out (消灭) the threat completely. The team, consisting__of (由……组成) dedicated professionals, worked tirelessly. In__the__meantime (在此期间), the progress was evident, showcasing their unwavering determination.
三、重点句式
1．只有通过努力，我们才能实现我们的目标。(only＋状语位于句首引起部分倒装)
Only__by__working__hard__can we achieve our goals.
2．无论你做什么，你如果热爱你所做的事，并足够重视它，就有可能成功。(“no matter＋疑问词”/“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句)
No__matter__what__you__do/Whatever__you__do,__you will succeed if you love what you're doing and pay enough attention to it.
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P82】既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
With__nowhere__else__to__make__their__homes,__they__have__no__choice__but__to__move__in__with__us.
2．【教材P82】由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。
Out__of__reach__from__many__of__their__natural__predators,__these__newcomers__often__flourish__in__their__new__city__lives.
3．【教材P90】然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。
Today,__however,__environmental__problems__have__taken__over__as__the__greatest__risk__to__life__on__Earth.
4．【教材P92】尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。
Although__the__two year__experiment__was__not__a__success,__it__did__provide__us__with__a__better__understanding__of__how__humans__might__be__able__to__live__on__another__planet.
硬核考点
考点1　estimate v. 估计，估算；估价 estimate sth at ... 估算某物(的数量/价格等)为…… estimate for ... 对……估价 be estimated to be ... 估计是…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… in one's estimation 据某人的判断
1.In my estimation (estimate), a lot of other banks are going to have the same problem.
2．The impact of the new policy on the economy is estimated to__be (be) significant.
3．I asked three building firms to estimate for the repairs to the roof.
4．He estimated that China's economy would expand by over 5 percent year on year in the third and fourth quarters of the year.
→It__was__estimated__by__him__that/In__his__estimation China's economy would expand by over 5 percent year on year in the third and fourth quarters of the year.
考点2　appreciate v. 欣赏；赏识；重视；感激；理解，意识到 appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激。 appreciate the importance/significance/value of ... 意识到……的重要性/意义/价值 convey/express one's appreciation 表达某人的感激 be appreciative of ... 感激……
1.I'm very appreciative (appreciate) of all the support you've given me.(写作佳句)
2．We'd appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible.
3．Please allow me to convey my sincere appreciation (appreciate) to you for your kind help during my difficult time.(写作佳句)
4．如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。(写作佳句)
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__let__me__know__in__advance__whether__or__not__you__will__be__coming.
考点3　restrict v. 限制，控制 restrict sth to ... 将某物(的范围)限制在…… restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 约束/管束自己/某人(做)某事 be restricted to/in 限制(在某范围) place a restriction on sth 对某事实行管制
1.In the future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.
2．The government has placed a restriction (restrict) on the use of fireworks during the holiday season to ensure public safety.
3．Access to the club is restricted (restrict) to members only.
4．我将限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
I__will__restrict__myself__to__one__cup__of__coffee a day.
考点4　react v．(作出)反应；起化学反应 react to 对……作出反应 react with 与……起化学反应 react against 反对；反抗 react on 起作用于；反作用于 in reaction to 对……的反应 have a reaction to 对……有反应
1.I wonder why he reacts against my suggestion.
2．Oxygen will react with nearly all organic materials and metals.
3．An emergency fund was set up in reaction (react) to the famine.
4．她坐在那里，又吃惊又生气，不知道如何应对这个意外事件。(写作佳句)
Surprised and angry，she sat there, without knowing how__to__react__to__the__unexpected__incident．
【北师版选择性必修第一册写作佳句】
Without forests，we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
考点5　expose v. 使暴露(于险境)；揭露；使面临；接触；显露 expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……；使……接触…… expose oneself to ... 接触……；使自己暴露于…… expose sb as ... 揭露某人为…… be exposed to ... 接触……；暴露于……
1.We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
2．Many people in China have limited exposure (expose) to English.
3．The newspaper story exposed him as a liar.
4．You could be exposing yourself to unnecessary risks when driving alone.
5．经常接触外国名著有助于外语学习。(写作佳句)
Being__exposed__to__foreign__classics__regularly is beneficial to foreign language learning.
考点6　bring ... under control 使……处于控制之下 control其他相关短语： (be) in control (of) 控制；管理 (be) in the control of 被……控制 out of control 失去控制(表示状态) lose control of 失去对……的控制(表示动作) take/keep control of 接管，控制 beyond control 无法控制
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
2. Nobody knows who is in control of the club.
3．道格拉斯一生中只有一次情绪失控。
Only once in his life had Douglas permitted himself to lose__control__of__his__emotions．
4．花了两个小时才控制住火势。
It took two hours to bring__the__fire__under__control.
考点7　as引导的状语从句 as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；当……时”，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。 as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。 as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在 as前面；单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词)。 as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”。 as 引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，从句常省略与主句相同的部分。 as作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句前后均可，有时也可置于主句中间，意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted. 汉意：当……时
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material 汉意：像……一样
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. 汉意：正如
4．As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. 汉意：因为，由于
5．Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling. 汉意：虽然，尽管
【人教版必修第二册写作佳句】
Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life.
大量的工作正在进行以保护野生动物，但是如果真想拯救地球，我们就必须改变自己的生活方式。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江高考1月)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust (dusty)．
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy (greed), so I am always left wanting more next time.
3．The whole village was wiped out by the earthquake.
4．New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume of traffic.
5．Your kind consideration of my application will be__appreciated (appreciate)．
6．It is__estimated (estimate) that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields.
7．Life online can be a much richer experience when you aren't restricted to just written words and still pictures.
8．Despite his advanced years, he was trying to accomplish his dreams of getting rid of hunger.
9．The team adjusted their strategy in reaction (react) to the opponent's strong defense in the second half.
10．The teacher had to take drastic measures to bring the noisy classroom under control.
二、熟词生义
1．The gardens are a blaze of colour.展现
2．Aircraft sometimes fuel while in the air. 加油
3．She had a fierce desire to succeed in her career. 强烈的
4．The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential state. 敌对的
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
un 表示不，无，非，没有；打开，解开，弄出 unmanned,__unbalance, unfriendly, unconditional, unhealthy, unacceptable, unusual, unlock, unfold
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 不寻常的
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world. 不能接受的
3．Google is developing self driving technology for unmanned vehicles that could revolutionize transportation. 无人驾驶的
4．Sitting in front of the computer for hours every day is unhealthy for your eyes and back. 不健康的
5．I need to unlock my phone to check the message. 解锁
6．When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. 展开
四、补全句子
1．我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且行动起来保护环境了。
It's time for us to get__rid__of__these__bad__habits and take action to protect the environment.
2．这条山脉由几座山峰组成，是热门的徒步旅行目的地。
The mountain range, consisting__of__several__peaks,__is a popular hiking destination.
3．无论你的处境多么艰难，你最好不要灰心。
No__matter__how__hard__your__situation__is,__you had better not lose heart.
4．如果你能就如何保护文物给我们提些建议，我将不胜感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to protect cultural relics.
5．尽管他很年轻，但他在事业上已经取得了巨大的成功。
Young__as__he__is,__he has already achieved great success in his career.
6．只有当暴风雨过去后，他们才继续他们的旅程。
Only when the storm had passed did__they__continue__their__journey．
五、长难句分析
　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
句意：这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获取生物多样性观测数据的人往往是公民科学家，他们会记录在附近地区遇到的物种。
分析：句子的主干是This__makes__sense，because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the__people，recording their encounters with species in areas nearby是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen__scientists。
读写用—素养提升
一、加强语言运用——明晰考向　以阅读促运用
(2024·浙江高考1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family size this and multi buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra __56__ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home __57__ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way __58__ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's __59__ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __60__ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __61__ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets __62__ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs __63__ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, __64__ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward looking __65__ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
56．______　57.______　58.______　59.______
60．______　61.______　62.______　63.______
64．______　65.______
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商家各式各样的促销手段。
56．答案：to benefit
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处指多买一件来享受降价，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
57．答案：or
解析：考查连词。either ... or ... 为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。
58．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
59．答案：what
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作promote的宾语，意为“……的事物”。故填what。
60．答案：criticism
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，且criticism “批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。
61．答案：be offered
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语they指代前文中的sausages，与动词offer之间为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填be offered。
62．答案：have started
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语some supermarkets为复数，助动词应用have。故填have started。
63．答案：designed
解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语packs与动词design之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
64．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。one ... the other ... 为固定搭配，意为“一个……，另外一个……”。故填the。
65．答案：ones
解析：考查代词。some of后应用复数。故填ones。
熟记词汇的固定搭配
1．英语中有许多固定的词汇搭配，如动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语等。在语法填空中，这些固定搭配往往是解题的关键。
2．需要熟记常见的词汇搭配，并在解题时灵活运用。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材　人物活动
1．常常发生的事：a frequent occurrence 2.透过窗户看：peer through the window 3．需要紧急处理：require urgent attention 4.经历坎坷：go through ups and downs 5．靠着桌子：lean against the desk 6.翻书：flip through the pages 7．在会上发表演讲：address a meeting 8.有某人的电话：sb be wanted on the phone 9．皱眉深思：frown in concentration 10.将自己沉浸在某事中：immerse oneself in sth 11．交叉双臂：fold one's arms 12.跟某人通电话：speak to sb over the phone 13．盘腿坐在地板上：sit cross－legged on the floor 14.通知某人某事：inform sb of sth 15．让某人记忆犹新：remain fresh in one's memory 16．一件有益身心的事情：an enchanting mental and physical business 17．省钱省时间：be less time consuming and more economical 18．辛劳的任务：an arduous/a painstaking/a laborious task 19．一次真正难忘的经历：a truly memorable experience 20．回忆高中生活的美好时刻：recall the sweet moment of one's high school life
高效课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·福建省莆田锦江中学高三期中)Mother Nature is a cruel mistress. Why Read on to find the answer.
Venice
This iconic city is sinking rapidly. The canals that make up the streets of Venice rise 2mm every year, making relics of history go under the surface of water and destroying architecture. Experts warn that without intervention (干预), this city will disappear back into the water at an even faster rate, consumed by rising sea levels from melting polar ice caps.
Machu Picchu
These iconic ruins have drawn adventurous tourists into the mountains of South America. The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) have been accelerated by tourism and this landmark faces severe influence from increasing foot traffic. The Peruviar government recently suggested a cable car that would cut out the intense hike up to the ruins, making the site instantly accessible to millions, but the future of Machu Picchu remains uncertain.
Glacier National Park
Perhaps you've heard that the ice caps are melting. But nowhere is more apparent in the United States than in Glacier National Park. Estimates indicate that the glaciers that are part of the beauty of this national landmark will disappear entirely in the next two decades.
The Great Barrier Reef
Hidden from view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off. Nearly fifty percent of coral which once occupied a large area is gone, destroyed by pollution and disease.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个面临消失危险的旅游地。
1．What can we learn about Machu Picchu
A．It's famous for cable cars.
B．It will soon turn away all visitors.
C．It bears a heavy burden of tourism.
D．It's well preserved by the locals.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu部分第二句“The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) ... from increasing foot traffic.”可知，旅游业加速了自然侵蚀的力量，这个地标正面临着日益增加的游客步行流量的严重影响。由此可知，Machu Picchu承受着沉重的旅游业负担。故选C。
2．Which place probably needs visitors to dive into the water to enjoy its beauty
A．The Great Barrier Reef.
B．Machu Picchu.
C．Glacier National Park.
D．Venice.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据The Great Barrier Reef部分第一句“Hidden from view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off.”可知，隐藏在海浪之下的大堡礁正在迅速消亡。由此可知，大堡礁可能需要游客潜入水中才能欣赏其美丽。故选A。
3．What do the above attractions have in common
A．They all have a long history.
B．They're all threatened by climate change.
C．They're all in danger of disappearing.
D．They're all well known for natural scenery.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Venice部分最后一句“Experts warn that ... from melting polar ice caps.”， Machu Picchu部分第二句“The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) ... from increasing foot traffic.”， Glacier National Park部分最后一句“Estimates indicate that ... in the next two decades.”以及The Great Barrier Reef部分“Hidden from view ... destroyed by pollution and disease.”可知，以上景点的共同之处是它们都面临消失的危险。故选C。
B
(2025·河南省许平汝名校高三期中)Researchers say the polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) that mining companies hope to harvest from the deep ocean seafloor may be a source of oxygen for the animals, plants and bacteria living there. This discovery of this “dark oxygen” has the potential to rock negotiations happening this month in Jamaica, where a world rule making body—the International Seabed Authority—is meeting to decide the future of deep sea mining.
“This study is a really good example of how limited our knowledge of the deep ocean currently is, and how much more we still stand to benefit with further scientific research，” said Diva Amon, a marine biologist from Trinidad.
The excitement is focused on the potato sized rocks—or polymetallic nodules—found littered across areas of the ocean floor. These nodules contain minerals, such as cobalt and nickel that green energy batteries and technologies require.
For years, companies such as Canada's The Metals Co. have been working to persuade the international governing authority to greenlight their plans to harvest these metallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean's Clarion Clipper Zone—a stretch of sea that spans 4，500 miles between Hawaii and Mexico. The company has argued that the metals are essential for building technologies that don't rely on fossil fuels. They say the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also doesn't compare with the destruction of rainforests and human communities that mining on land causes.
But environmentalists, oceanographers and others say that driving large harvesting machines across the undeveloped and little known ocean floor—atop and along areas of sediment (沉积物) three and four miles below the surface—could have unforeseen and disastrous consequences. They are urging lawmakers to ban the industry from digging up one of the last “untouched” ecosystems on the planet.
This new research suggests the toll of mining the area could be greater than anyone had imagined. That's because a team of international scientists found that the prized nodules produce oxygen and may be responsible for enriching this dark, remote ecosystem with one of life's most important elements.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在海底由金属和金属氧化物组成的多金属结核可能是生活在那里的动物、植物和细菌的氧气来源，环保主义者希望深海结核开采被宣布为非法行为。
4．What can be known about the polymetallic nodules in the deep ocean
A．They are being widely used at present.
B．Their reliance on green energy is heavy.
C．They threaten surrounding living species.
D．Their ability to produce oxygen is surprising.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers say the ... bacteria living there.”和最后一段中的“the prized nodules ... important elements”可知，多金属结核有着惊人的产生氧气的能力。故选D。
5．Why does The Metals Co. talk about the impact of mining on the ocean floor
A．To advocate ocean protection.
B．To criticize a governing authority.
C．To have its plans carried out.
D．To recommend perfect mining ways.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For years, companies ... Pacific Ocean's Clarion Clipper Zone”和“They say the ... mining on land causes.”可知，多年来，The Metals Co.等公司一直在请求批准他们开采金属结核的计划，由此可推知，他们说采矿对海底的影响微乎其微是为了让其计划得以实施。故选C。
6．What do the environmentalists expect to see according to the text
A．Lawmakers' loose policies on industries.
B．Declaring mining deep ocean nodules illegal.
C．Researchers' further exploration of the sea.
D．Employing polymetallic nodules efficiently.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They are urging lawmakers ... ecosystems on the planet.”可知，环保主义者希望看到深海结核开采被宣布为非法行为。故选B。
7．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “toll” in the last paragraph
A．technical barrier
B．previous ambition
C．potential investment
D．serious consequence
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“the prized nodules ... most important elements”可知，结核产生氧气，为海底生态系统提供生命中最重要的元素之一，因此在海底开采结核造成的损失可能比任何人想象的都要大，toll意为“严重的后果”。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·河南省三门峡市高三期中)In a small town, there lived an old man named Mr Johnson. He was widely known for his kind heart and deep love for __1__. Every morning without fail, he would take a walk in the nearby park, __2__ in the fresh air and enjoying the beauty of the natural surroundings.
One day, while on his __3__ walk, he noticed a tiny bird with a __4__ wing. Without hesitation, he carefully __5__ the bird and took it home. He then __6__ countless hours nursing the bird back to health, providing it with food, water, and tender care. As the days passed by slowly, the bird gradually __7__ and was soon able to fly again.
When it was finally time to let the bird go, Mr Johnson felt a strange __8__ of happiness and sadness. He __9__ the window and watched with a __10__ smile as the bird flew off into the vast sky. That evening, as he sat in his favorite chair thinking about what happened, he __11__ realized how much joy a small act of kindness could bring.
From that day on, Mr Johnson made it a firm point to look out for other creatures __12__. He firmly believed that even the tiniest acts of kindness could make an enormous __13__ in the world. And soon enough, the town became a __14__ place as more people were inspired by Mr Johnson's actions and started showing __15__ to one another.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Johnson (约翰逊)先生通过救助一只受伤的小鸟，感受到善意行为带来的快乐，并激励小镇居民互相展现善意的故事。
1．A.wildlife B．community
C．adventure D．nature
答案：D
解析：wildlife野生动物；community社区；adventure冒险；nature自然。根据下文“Every morning without fail ... the natural surroundings.”可知，他非常热爱自然。故选D。
2．A.relaxing B．running
C．hiding D．breathing
答案：D
解析：relax放松；run跑步；hide躲藏；breathe呼吸。根据下文“in the fresh air”可知，此处指呼吸新鲜空气。故选D。
3．A.usual B．casual
C．special D．average
答案：A
解析：usual通常的，惯常的；casual随意的；special特别的；average平均的。根据上文“Every morning without fail ... in the nearby park”可知，此处指的是他通常的例行散步。故选A。
4．A.tiny B．lost
C．broken D．colorful
答案：C
解析：tiny微小的；lost丢失的；broken伤残的；破损的；colorful多彩的。根据下文“nursing the bird back to health”可知，小鸟的翅膀受伤了。故选C。
5．A.picked out B．picked up
C．put up D．put out
答案：B
解析：pick out挑出；pick up捡起；put up张贴；put out扑灭。根据下文“the bird and took it home”可知，他应该是捡起小鸟并带回家。故选B。
6．A.spent B．wasted
C．enjoyed D．saved
答案：A
解析：spend花费；waste浪费；enjoy享受；save拯救。根据下文“countless hours nursing the bird back to health”可知，此处指他花费时间照顾小鸟。故选A。
7．A.healed B．struggled
C．disappeared D．recovered
答案：D
解析：heal治愈；struggle挣扎；disappear消失；recover康复，恢复。根据下文“was soon able to fly again”可知，小鸟很快又能飞了，由此可推知，小鸟康复了。故选D。
8．A.sense B．feeling
C．mix D．mind
答案：C
解析：sense感觉；feeling感情；mix混合；mind心灵。根据下文“of happiness and sadness”可知，他的感受应该是既快乐又悲伤。故选C。
9．A.repaired B．closed
C．opened D．locked
答案：C
解析：repair修理；close关闭；open打开；lock锁上。根据下文“the window and watched ... into the vast sky”可知，此处指他打开窗户，让小鸟飞走了。故选C。
10．A.bittersweet B．joyful
C．bright D．sad
答案：A
解析：bittersweet苦乐参半的；joyful快乐的；bright明亮的；sad悲伤的。根据上文“When it was finally time ... happiness and sadness.”可知，这里表示苦乐参半的微笑。故选A。
11．A.finally B．deeply
C．slowly D．rarely
答案：B
解析：finally最终；deeply深深地；slowly缓慢地；rarely很少。根据上下文可知，放走小鸟的那天晚上，他回顾发生的事情，深深地意识到一个最小的善意行为可以带来快乐。故选B。
12．A.in control B．in need
C．in safety D．in danger
答案：B
解析：根据下文“He firmly believed that ... make an enormous __13__ in the world.”可知，他相信即使是最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大影响，所以此处指Johnson先生下定决心要照顾其他需要帮助的动物。故选B。
13．A.choice B．judgement
C．profit D．difference
答案：D
解析：choice选择；judgement判断；profit利润；difference差异。根据上文“realized how much joy a small act of kindness could bring”可知，他深深地意识到最小的善意行为能带来快乐，所以此处指最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大的影响。make a difference“起(重要)作用；有影响”。故选D。
14．A.quieter B．happier
C．better D．worse
答案：C
解析：quieter更安静的；happier更快乐的；better更好的；worse更糟的。根据下文“as more people were inspired ... to one another”可知，更多的人受到了Johnson先生行动的鼓舞，开始互相表达善意，所以这个小镇应该是变得更好。故选C。
15．A.kindness B．politeness
C．brightness D．happiness
答案：A
解析：kindness善意，善良；politeness礼貌；brightness明亮；happiness幸福。根据上文“He firmly believed that ... in the world.”可知，他相信即使是最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大的影响，所以此处指更多的人受到了Johnson先生行动的鼓舞，开始互相表达善意。故选A。
聚焦写作　一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·青海省大通县朔山中学高三一轮复习第一次阶段检测)I'm often told that I'm a good __1__ (listen), and I do love to listen. I feel happy when my friends open up and share their true feelings with me. I think being a __2__ (trust) friend and providing emotional support is one of the important things that __3__ (strength) connections.
However, Lily __4__ (develop) a habit of routinely sharing emotional issues in her life: her health struggles, her relationship with her family, etc. This pattern has reached a point __5__ I often feel sick to hear her complaints.
The problem is that I have to interact closely with her every day, making __6__ difficult for me to take emotional breaks throughout the week. I feel unsure about how __7__ (tell) her the need to set some __8__ (boundary). I don't want to harm our relationship.
I think girls, __9__ particular, are taught to believe that we should absorb everything that everyone throws __10__ (we) way. But I believe that giving others necessary space is an act of love, too.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对朋友倾诉过多感到负担，并希望设立界限，而不伤害友谊。
1．答案：listener
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的“a”以及设空后的“I do love to listen”可知，作者是一个很好的倾听者。listener“倾听者”。故填listener。
2．答案：trusted
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰friend。故填trusted。
3．答案：strengthen
解析：考查词性转换。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，应用strength的动词形式strengthen“加强”。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。that指代先行词things在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用原形。故填strengthen。
4．答案：has developed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，莉莉已经养成了一个习惯，即经常分享她生活中的情感问题：她与疾病的抗争，她与家人的关系等等。设空处为句子的谓语动词，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主语为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has developed。
5．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a point。关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
6．答案：it
解析：考查代词。设空处应用it作形式宾语，构成“make it＋adj.＋for sb to do sth”结构。故填it。
7．答案：to tell
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道该如何告诉她需要设立一些界限。设空处应用动词不定式，构成“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构，在句中作宾语。故填to tell。
8．答案：boundaries
解析：考查名词。boundary“界限”为可数名词，根据设空前的some可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填boundaries。
9．答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：我认为尤其对于女孩来说，我们被教导要接受别人抛给我们的一切。in particular“尤其”。故填in。
10．答案：our
解析：考查代词。设空处应用形容词性物主代词our作定语，修饰后面的名词way。故填our。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·湖北省新高考协作体高三期中)假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，请你围绕“保护环境，低碳生活”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召大家积极采取行动，践行低碳生活，内容包括：
1．环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性；
2．低碳生活的方式；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Student Union
[精彩范文]
Dear fellow students，
With the development of modern industry and the change of people's lifestyles, our ecological environment is becoming increasingly worse. It's high time we took action to protect our ecological environment, otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live.
Firstly, turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity. Secondly, when going out, we should choose to walk, to ride a bike or to take public transportation instead of driving a car. Lastly, reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended.
These simple actions can significantly contribute to a low carbon lifestyle. Let us work together to create a green and harmonious environment.
Student Union
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·山西省忻州市高三月考)Last year, during the summer break, my friends and I decided to go for a walk in the forest. The forest had paths, and we decided that we would hike along the paths and meet at a central point to have a drink later. The whole team had several groups and we had planned on meeting with the rest of the team after three hours. I had a lighter, a partially charged phone, and a bottle of water. We continued on our way towards the deeper part of the forest until we were far from any recognizable trail. After two hours, we were in the deepest part of the forest, and we could not trace our other friends.
All of a sudden, a bear came rushing along our path, and we all ran in different directions. After running for about five minutes, I stood alone in a bush. I had no clue about my surroundings as I had never been there before. I shouted my friends' names loudly, but all was in vain: there was no reply, and the whole place was silent. I was confused and felt like crying as I realized I was alone with nothing to protect myself. With a lot of fear, I tried to retrace the path where I had come from, but all was useless: I was lost.
As I walked along the path trying to locate my friends, I realized that I was tired, and nothing was looking familiar. I was out of food, water, and barely had any battery left in my phone. I decided to walk through the bushes as the trees had grown so close together. I squeezed myself between the little trees. After some thirty minutes, it started raining heavily. Though I had heavy clothing, I was rained on until I was soaked up. I started freezing and praying to God for protection and direction out of the forest.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
With darkness approaching, I tried to figure out various ways of making a signal to my colleagues. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 While sitting down and warming myself around the fire, I heard some distant noise. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友去年在森林里徒步旅行时，走到森林深处遇到了熊，狂奔后发现迷路了，作者该怎么办？获救后作者有什么感悟？
[精彩范文]
With darkness approaching, I tried to figure out various ways of making a signal to my colleagues. After many vain trials, it occurred to me that I had a lighter with me. I was wild with joy and decided to build a signal fire by collecting leaves and lighting them up so my friends could see the fire. Although it had been rained on, I was finally successful to light it. Everything in silence, only the howling of the winds and the cracking of twigs kept me company. I couldn't help wondering what would have gone wrong because I had never had such kind of experience.
While sitting down and warming myself around the fire，I heard some distant noise. As the sounds got closer, I realized that those were my friends. I jumped for joy as tears filled my eyes because I knew I was safe. They shouted my name, and I replied very loudly knowing in my mind that I was saved. It showed me the importance of the use of the markings and of course the quality—calmness while adventuring in the forest. I also thought to myself that my being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life.
1(共108张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编　教材复习
选择性必修第二册
Unit 6　Survival
单元话题
语法
写作
生活
“疑问词+-ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
历险类记叙文
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一　背记单词/词块
◎太空
1．________ n. 燃料
2．Mars n. ________________
3．spacecraft n. ________________
4．________ v. 环绕……运行
5．________ n. (航天器的)密封舱
fuel
火星
航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit
capsule
◎自然
6．________ n. 狐狸
7．chacma baboon _________________
8．seaside adj. ________________
9．________ n. 郊区
10．flourish v. ________________
11．racoon n. ________________
12．________ n. 黏土
13．________ n. 洞穴
14．blaze n. ________________
15．hostile adj. ________________
16．________ n. 树干
fox
南非大狒，大狒狒
海滨的
suburb
生长茂盛，兴盛
浣熊
clay
cave
烈火，大火
（生长环境）恶劣的
trunk
◎日常生活
17．________ v. 犯(错误或罪行)
18．________ n. 垃圾
19．________ n. 羔羊肉
20．kebab n. ________________
21．________ n. (大)蒜
22．__________ v. 欣赏
23．indoors adv. _____________
24．________ v．(作出)反应
25．________ v. 擦，试，揩
26．________ n. 机构；局，部，处
commit
garbage
lamb
烤（肉）串
garlic
appreciate
在室内
react
wipe
agency
◎人物
27．________ n. 小偷
28．newcomer n. ________________
29．firefighter n. ________________
30．________ n. 宇航员
thief
新来者
消防队员
astronaut
◎其他
31．________ v. 估计
32．________ v. 限制
33．kit n. ________________
34．heat wave ________________
35．eliminate v. ________________
36．nuclear adj. ________________
37．stunning adj. ____________________________
estimate
restrict
成套工具
酷热期
消除，根除
核武器的
极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
二　词形变化
1.crime n. 罪，罪行→________ n. 罪犯　adj. 犯罪的，犯法的
2．greed n. 贪欲；贪婪→________ adj. 贪婪的，贪心的→________ adv. 贪食地；贪婪地
3．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的→____________ n. 都市化
4．predator n. 掠食动物→________ adj. 掠夺的
5．contain v. 包含→________ n. 容器
6．migrate v. 移动；随季节而移居→________ n. 移民→________ n. 迁移→________ adj. 迁徙的
7．crucial adj. 至关重要的→________ adv. 关键地
criminal
greedy
greedily
urbanization
predatory
container
migrant
migration
migratory
crucially
8．hike n．& v. 远足→________ n. 徒步旅行者
9．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→__________ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的→_________ n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
10．consume v. 消耗→________ n. 消费者→_____________ n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量；消费
11．supplement v. 补充→____________ adj. 补充的
12．fierce adj. 恶劣的→________ adv. 猛烈地→________ n. 凶猛
13．month n. 月份→________ adj. 每月一次的
14．advance n. 进步；预先；发展；提高　v. (使)向前移动；使提前；发展→________ adj. 高级的；先进的→____________ n. 促进；发展；晋升
hiker
optimistic
optimist
consumer
consumption
supplementary
fiercely
fierceness
monthly
advanced
advancement
15．terrify v. 使恐惧，使惊吓→________ adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→________ adj. 非常害怕的；极度惊恐的→________ n. 恐怖；恐怖行为；令人讨厌的人
16．manned adj. 有人控制的→__________ adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
17．consist v. 组成→________ adj. 一致的，连续的，相符的→___________ n. 连贯性，一致性；黏稠度
18．infer v. 推断，推定→________ n. 推理；推论；推断
19．expose v. 使暴露(于险境)→________ adj. 暴露的，不遮挡风雨的，无遮蔽的→________ n. 暴露
20．dust n. 尘土→________ adj. 落满灰尘的
terrifying
terrified
terror
unmanned
consistent
consistency
inference
exposed
exposure
dusty
1．His play showed why some are ________ and why that _________ must be tempered. (optimistic)
2．The group are carrying on the scientific study of ________ and ________ behavior and law enforcement.(crime)
3．____________ culture is the fruit of human's civilization and _____________ (advance)
4．What happened without any previous warning that day ________ all the passengers aboard the train. It was really a _________ scene, and many people are still ________ at the thought of taking a high speed train.(terrify)
optimistic
optimism
crime
criminal
Advanced
advancement
terrified
terrifying
terrified
5．They put the two reports into a ________， neither of which ________ any useful suggestions. (contain)
6．________ for money blinded the ________ woman to the danger. (greed)
7．Our ________ talks start at 7：30 pm on the first Thursday of each ________. (month)
8．______ domestic garbage is a big problem in the process of ___________. (urban)
container
contained
Greed
greedy
monthly
month
Urban
urbanization
1.fuel [熟义] n. 燃料
[生义] v. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2．blaze [熟义] n. 烈火，大火
[生义] n. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
v. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3．fierce [熟义] adj. 恶劣的，极端的
[生义] adj. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4．hostile [熟义] adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
[生义] adj. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
三　熟词生义
给……提供燃料;增加,刺激;给(交通工具)加油
(光或色彩等的)展现
闪耀,发亮光;怒视;熊熊燃烧
凶猛的,凶狠的;强烈的,猛烈的
敌意的,敌对的;敌军的
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy.
作为一个美食家，要抓住我的心就得先抓住我的胃，没有什么地方比意大利更能________我的食欲。
2．Her eyes were blazing with fury.
她的双眼________怒火。
3．Competition from abroad became fiercer in the 1990s.
20世纪90年代，来自国外的竞争变得___________。
4．The city is encircled by a hostile army.
该市被________部队包围。
刺激
燃烧着
更加激烈
敌军的
1.翱翔“太空”记单词 ①___________ n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱 ②__________ v. 发射 ③astronomy n. 天文学 ④universe n. 宇宙 ⑤satellite n. 卫星 ⑥gravity n. 重力 ⑦planet n. 行星；地球 2.“无被动语态”常考短语清单 ①__________ 由……构成，由……组成 ②__________用完 ③date back to 追溯到 ④give out 用尽 ⑤belong to 属于 ⑥come up 走近；被提出 3.“极具吸引力的”家族
①__________ 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
②magnetic 富有吸引力的；有魅力的
③__________ 极有吸引力的；迷人的
④alluring 诱人的；有吸引力的
⑤intriguing 引起好奇心的；令人感兴趣的
小积累 word families
capsule
launch
consist of
run out
stunning
fascinating
一 　词表短语
1.________________ 应付
2．__________________ 使……处于控制之下
3．______________ 摆脱，除去
4．_____________ 彻底摧毁，消灭
5．______________ 由……构成，由……组成
6．_______________ 在此期间，与此同时
cope with
bring ...under control
get rid of
wipe out
consist of
in the meantime
选用上面的短语填空
1．More than 70 percent of king penguins could be ________________ by rising ocean temperatures, according to a recent survey.
2．In order to have a good sleep and commit ourselves to study, we learnt to ________________ our bad habits.
3．The team practiced relentlessly in order to ________ their poor shooting performance ________________．
4．________________， the police were notified and arrived at the scene.
wiped out
get rid of
bring
under control
In the meantime
二　 写作词块
1.____________________________________ 把动物们赶出它们的自然栖息地
2．________________ 够不着，达不到
3．________________ 建设中
4．________________ 想出，理解，弄清
5．________________ (使)适合，(使)与……一致
6．________________________ 更好地理解……
7．______________ 酷热期，热浪期
8．_____________________ 限制燃料消耗
9．_______________________________ 威胁到当地物种的生存
10．________________ 在……(如某行业)中获得成功
11．________________ 向前迈进了一大步
12．_____________ 总计；达到
push the animals out of their natural habitats
out of reach
under construction
figure out
fit in with
get a better understanding of
heat wave
limit fuel consumption
threaten the survival of local species
succeed in
a big step forward
amount to
1．(教材P82)不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。 (no matter how引导让步状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P84)只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。(only＋状语位于句首引起部分倒装)
__________________________________________________________________
3．(教材P91)活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.
教材深挖
自主检测
1．_________ v. 欣赏，赏识
2．________ v. 估计，估算
3．expose v. 使暴露(于险境)→________ adj. 暴露的，不遮挡风雨的，无遮蔽的→________ n. 暴露
4．greed n. 贪欲；贪婪→________ adj. 贪婪的，贪心的→________ adv. 贪食地；贪婪地
5．advance n. 进步；预先；发展；提高　v. (使)向前移动；使提前；发展→________ adj. 高级的；先进的→____________ n. 促进；发展；晋升
appreciate
estimate
exposed
exposure
greedy
greedily
advanced
advancement
6．consist v. 组成→__________ adj. 一致的，连续的，相符的→___________ n. 连贯性，一致性，黏稠度
7．terrify v. 使恐惧，使惊吓→________ adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→________ adj. 非常害怕的；极度惊恐的→________ n. 恐怖；恐怖行为；令人讨厌的人
8．consume v. 消耗→_________ n. 消费者→______________ n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量；消费
9．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→________ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的→________ n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
10．infer v. 推断，推定→_________ n. 推理；推论；推断
consistent
consistency
terrifying
terrified
terror
consumer
consumption
optimistic
optimist
inference
1.whereas/ we r' z/conj. _____________________ 2．ladder/'l d (r)/n. _____________________ 3．suspend/s 'spend/vt. _____________________ 4．nail/neIl/n. _____________________ vt. ___________________ 5.absurd/ b's d/adj. _____________________
6．dignity/'dIɡn ti/n. _____________________
7．grief/ɡri f/n. ____________________
8．barren/'b r n/adj. _____________________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
然而；但是；尽管
梯子；阶梯
悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
钉子；指甲；趾甲
(用钉子)钉牢
荒谬的；荒唐的
庄重；庄严；尊严
悲伤；悲痛；伤心事_
贫瘠的；不结果实的
二、重点语块
As the emergency arose, the crew swiftly ____________ (应付) the crisis, ________ it firmly ____________ (使……处于控制之下). They worked out strategies to __________ (摆脱) dangers and aimed to __________ (消灭) the threat completely. The team, ____________ (由……组成) dedicated professionals, worked tirelessly. ________________ (在此期间), the progress was evident, showcasing their unwavering determination.
coped with
bringing
under control
get rid of
wipe out
consisting of
In the meantime
三、重点句式
1．只有通过努力，我们才能实现我们的目标。(only＋状语位于句首引起部分倒装)
______________________ we achieve our goals.
2．无论你做什么，你如果热爱你所做的事，并足够重视它，就有可能成功。(“no matter＋疑问词”/“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句)
__________________________________， you will succeed if you love what you're doing and pay enough attention to it.
Only by working hard can
No matter what you do/Whatever you do
四、写作佳句
1.【教材P82】既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
____________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P82】由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.
3．【教材P90】然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P92】尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
Although the two?year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
考点1　estimate v. 估计，估算；估价
estimate sth at ... 估算某物(的数量/价格等)为……
estimate for ... 对……估价
be estimated to be ... 估计是……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
in one's estimation 据某人的判断
硬核考点
1.In my ________ (estimate), a lot of other banks are going to have the same problem.
2．The impact of the new policy on the economy is estimated ________ (be) significant.
3．I asked three building firms to estimate ________ the repairs to the roof.
4．He estimated that China's economy would expand by over 5 percent year on year in the third and fourth quarters of the year.
→_______________________________________ China's economy would expand by over 5 percent year on year in the third and fourth quarters of the year.
estimation
to be
for
It was estimated by him that/In his estimation
考点2　appreciate v. 欣赏；赏识；重视；感激；理解，意识到
appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激。
appreciate the importance/significance/value of ... 意识到……的重要性/意义/价值
convey/express one's appreciation 表达某人的感激
be appreciative of ... 感激……
1．I'm very __________ (appreciate) of all the support you've given me.(写作佳句)
2．We'd appreciate your ________ (leave) as fast as possible.
3．Please allow me to convey my sincere ____________ (appreciate) to you for your kind help during my difficult time.(写作佳句)
4．如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。(写作佳句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
appreciative
leaving
appreciation
I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
考点3　restrict v. 限制，控制
restrict sth to ... 将某物(的范围)限制在……
restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 约束/管束自己/某人(做)某事
be restricted to/in 限制(在某范围)
place a restriction on sth 对某事实行管制
1.In the future we will restrict class sizes ________ 20 students.
2．The government has placed a _________ (restrict) on the use of fireworks during the holiday season to ensure public safety.
3．Access to the club is _________ (restrict) to members only.
4．我将限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
__________________________________ a day.
to
restriction
restricted
I will restrict myself to one cup of coffee
考点4　react v．(作出)反应；起化学反应
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起化学反应
react against 反对；反抗
react on 起作用于；反作用于
in reaction to 对……的反应
have a reaction to 对……有反应
1.I wonder why he reacts ________ my suggestion.
2．Oxygen will react ________ nearly all organic materials and metals.
3．An emergency fund was set up in ________ (react) to the famine.
4．她坐在那里，又吃惊又生气，不知道如何应对这个意外事件。(写作佳句)
Surprised and angry，she sat there, without knowing ________________________________．
against
with
reaction
how to react to the unexpected incident
【北师版选择性必修第一册写作佳句】
Without forests，we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
考点5　expose v. 使暴露(于险境)；揭露；使面临；接触；显露
expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……；使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 接触……；使自己暴露于……
expose sb as ... 揭露某人为……
be exposed to ... 接触……；暴露于……
1.We want to expose the kids ________ as much art and culture as possible.
2．Many people in China have limited ________ (expose) to English.
3．The newspaper story exposed him ________ a liar.
4．You could be exposing yourself ________ unnecessary risks when driving alone.
5．经常接触外国名著有助于外语学习。(写作佳句)
__________________________________ is beneficial to foreign language learning.
to
exposure
as
to
Being exposed to foreign classics regularly
考点6　bring ... under control 使……处于控制之下
control其他相关短语：
(be) in control (of) 控制；管理
(be) in the control of 被……控制
out of control 失去控制(表示状态)
lose control of 失去对……的控制(表示动作)
take/keep control of 接管，控制
beyond control 无法控制
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control ________ artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
2. Nobody knows who is ________ control of the club.
3．道格拉斯一生中只有一次情绪失控。
Only once in his life had Douglas permitted himself to ______________________．
4．花了两个小时才控制住火势。
It took two hours to ________________________．
of
in
lose control of his emotions
bring the fire under control
考点7　as引导的状语从句
as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；当……时”，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。
as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。
as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在 as前面；单数可数名词提前时应省略冠词)。
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”。
as 引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
as作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句前后均可，有时也可置于主句中间，意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted. 汉意：____________
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material 汉意：____________
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. 汉意：________
4．As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. 汉意：____________
5．Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling. 汉意：____________
当……时
像……一样
正如
因为,由于
虽然,尽管
【人教版必修第二册写作佳句】
Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life.
大量的工作正在进行以保护野生动物，但是如果真想拯救地球，我们就必须改变自己的生活方式。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江高考1月)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the ________ (dusty)．
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems ________ (greed), so I am always left wanting more next time.
3．The whole village was wiped ________ by the earthquake.
4．New roads are being built to cope ________ the increased volume of traffic.
5．Your kind consideration of my application will _____________ (appreciate)．
dust
greedy
out
with
be appreciated
6．It ____________ (estimate) that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields.
7．Life online can be a much richer experience when you aren't restricted ________ just written words and still pictures.
8．Despite his advanced years, he was trying to accomplish his dreams of getting rid ________ hunger.
9．The team adjusted their strategy in ________ (react) to the opponent's strong defense in the second half.
10．The teacher had to take drastic measures to bring the noisy classroom ________ control.
is estimated
to
of
reaction
under
二、熟词生义
1．The gardens are a blaze of colour.____________
2．Aircraft sometimes fuel while in the air. ____________
3．She had a fierce desire to succeed in her career. ____________
4．The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential state. ____________
展现
加油
强烈的
敌对的
词缀 含义 例词
un 表示__________________ ____________________ _____________， unbalance, unfriendly, unconditional, unhealthy, unacceptable, unusual, unlock, unfold
三、构词法
不，无，非，没有；打开，解开，弄出
unmanned
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. ____________
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world. ____________
3．Google is developing self driving technology for unmanned vehicles that could revolutionize transportation. ____________
4．Sitting in front of the computer for hours every day is unhealthy for your eyes and back. ____________
5．I need to unlock my phone to check the message. ____________
6．When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. ____________
不寻常的
不能接受的
无人驾驶的
不健康的
解锁
展开
四、补全句子
1．我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且行动起来保护环境了。
It's time for us to ___________________________ and take action to protect the environment.
2．这条山脉由几座山峰组成，是热门的徒步旅行目的地。
The mountain range, ______________________， is a popular hiking destination.
3．无论你的处境多么艰难，你最好不要灰心。
________________________________， you had better not lose heart.
get rid of these bad habits
consisting of several peaks
No matter how hard your situation is
4．如果你能就如何保护文物给我们提些建议，我将不胜感激。
____________________________________________________ how to protect cultural relics.
5．尽管他很年轻，但他在事业上已经取得了巨大的成功。
________________， he has already achieved great success in his career.
6．只有当暴风雨过去后，他们才继续他们的旅程。
Only when the storm had passed ____________________________．
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on
Young as he is
did they continue their journey
五、长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
句意：这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获取生物多样性观测数据的人往往是公民科学家，他们会记录在附近地区遇到的物种。
分析：句子的主干是________________，because引导___________从句，who引导________从句，修饰先行词____________，recording their encounters with species in areas nearby是现在分词短语作__________，修饰_______________。
This makes sense
原因状语
定语
the people
后置定语
citizen scientists
读写用—素养提升
一、加强语言运用——明晰考向　以阅读促运用
(2024·浙江高考1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family size this and multi buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra __56__ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home __57__ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way __58__ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's __59__ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __60__ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __61__ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets __62__ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs __63__ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, __64__ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward looking __65__ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
56．______　57.______　58.______　59.______
60．______　61.______　62.______　63.______
64．______　65.______
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商家各式各样的促销手段。
56．答案：to benefit
57．答案：or
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处指多买一件来享受降价，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
解析：考查连词。either ... or ... 为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。
58．答案：that/which
59．答案：what
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作promote的宾语，意为“……的事物”。故填what。
60．答案：criticism
61．答案：be offered
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，且criticism “批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语they指代前文中的sausages，与动词offer之间为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填be offered。
62．答案：have started
63．答案：designed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语some supermarkets为复数，助动词应用have。故填have started。
解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语packs与动词design之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
64．答案：the
65．答案：ones
解析：考查冠词。one ... the other ... 为固定搭配，意为“一个……，另外一个……”。故填the。
解析：考查代词。some of后应用复数。故填ones。
熟记词汇的固定搭配
1．英语中有许多固定的词汇搭配，如动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语等。在语法填空中，这些固定搭配往往是解题的关键。
2．需要熟记常见的词汇搭配，并在解题时灵活运用。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材　人物活动
1．常常发生的事：a frequent occurrence
2.透过窗户看：peer through the window
3．需要紧急处理：require urgent attention
4.经历坎坷：go through ups and downs
5．靠着桌子：lean against the desk
6.翻书：flip through the pages
7．在会上发表演讲：address a meeting
8.有某人的电话：sb be wanted on the phone
9．皱眉深思：frown in concentration
10.将自己沉浸在某事中：immerse oneself in sth
11．交叉双臂：fold one's arms 12.跟某人通电话：speak to sb over the phone
13．盘腿坐在地板上：sit cross－legged on the floor 14.通知某人某事：inform sb of sth
15．让某人记忆犹新：remain fresh in one's memory
16．一件有益身心的事情：an enchanting mental and physical business
17．省钱省时间：be less time consuming and more economical
18．辛劳的任务：an arduous/a painstaking/a laborious task
19．一次真正难忘的经历：a truly memorable experience
20．回忆高中生活的美好时刻：recall the sweet moment of one's high school life
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·福建省莆田锦江中学高三期中)Mother Nature is a cruel mistress. Why Read on to find the answer.
Venice
This iconic city is sinking rapidly. The canals that make up the streets of Venice rise 2mm every year, making relics of history go under the surface of water and destroying architecture. Experts warn that without intervention (干预), this city will disappear back into the water at an even faster rate, consumed by rising sea levels from melting polar ice caps.
Machu Picchu
These iconic ruins have drawn adventurous tourists into the mountains of South America. The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) have been accelerated by tourism and this landmark faces severe influence from increasing foot traffic. The Peruviar government recently suggested a cable car that would cut out the intense hike up to the ruins, making the site instantly accessible to millions, but the future of Machu Picchu remains uncertain.
Glacier National Park
Perhaps you've heard that the ice caps are melting. But nowhere is more apparent in the United States than in Glacier National Park. Estimates indicate that the glaciers that are part of the beauty of this national landmark will disappear entirely in the next two decades.
The Great Barrier Reef
Hidden from view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off. Nearly fifty percent of coral which once occupied a large area is gone, destroyed by pollution and disease.
篇章导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个面临消失危险的旅游地。
1．What can we learn about Machu Picchu
A．It's famous for cable cars.
B．It will soon turn away all visitors.
C．It bears a heavy burden of tourism.
D．It's well preserved by the locals.
解析：细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu部分第二句“The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) ... from increasing foot traffic.”可知，旅游业加速了自然侵蚀的力量，这个地标正面临着日益增加的游客步行流量的严重影响。由此可知，Machu Picchu承受着沉重的旅游业负担。故选C。
2．Which place probably needs visitors to dive into the water to enjoy its beauty
A．The Great Barrier Reef.
B．Machu Picchu.
C．Glacier National Park.
D．Venice.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Great Barrier Reef部分第一句“Hidden from view beneath the waves, the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off.”可知，隐藏在海浪之下的大堡礁正在迅速消亡。由此可知，大堡礁可能需要游客潜入水中才能欣赏其美丽。故选A。
3．What do the above attractions have in common
A．They all have a long history.
B．They're all threatened by climate change.
C．They're all in danger of disappearing.
D．They're all well known for natural scenery.
解析：细节理解题。根据Venice部分最后一句“Experts warn that ... from melting polar ice caps.”， Machu Picchu部分第二句“The forces of natural erosion (侵蚀) ... from increasing foot traffic.”， Glacier National Park部分最后一句“Estimates indicate that ... in the next two decades.”以及The Great Barrier Reef部分“Hidden from view ... destroyed by pollution and disease.”可知，以上景点的共同之处是它们都面临消失的危险。故选C。
B
(2025·河南省许平汝名校高三期中)Researchers say the polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) that mining companies hope to harvest from the deep ocean seafloor may be a source of oxygen for the animals, plants and bacteria living there. This discovery of this “dark oxygen” has the potential to rock negotiations happening this month in Jamaica, where a world rule making body—the International Seabed Authority—is meeting to decide the future of deep sea mining.
“This study is a really good example of how limited our knowledge of the deep ocean currently is, and how much more we still stand to benefit with further scientific research，” said Diva Amon, a marine biologist from Trinidad.
The excitement is focused on the potato sized rocks—or polymetallic nodules—found littered across areas of the ocean floor. These nodules contain minerals, such as cobalt and nickel that green energy batteries and technologies require.
For years, companies such as Canada's The Metals Co. have been working to persuade the international governing authority to greenlight their plans to harvest these metallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean's Clarion Clipper Zone—a stretch of sea that spans 4，500 miles between Hawaii and Mexico. The company has argued that the metals are essential for building technologies that don't rely on fossil fuels. They say the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also doesn't compare with the destruction of rainforests and human communities that mining on land causes.
But environmentalists, oceanographers and others say that driving large harvesting machines across the undeveloped and little known ocean floor—atop and along areas of sediment (沉积物) three and four miles below the surface—could have unforeseen and disastrous consequences. They are urging lawmakers to ban the industry from digging up one of the last “untouched” ecosystems on the planet.
This new research suggests the toll of mining the area could be greater than anyone had imagined. That's because a team of international scientists found that the prized nodules produce oxygen and may be responsible for enriching this dark, remote ecosystem with one of life's most important elements.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在海底由金属和金属氧化物组成的多金属结核可能是生活在那里的动物、植物和细菌的氧气来源，环保主义者希望深海结核开采被宣布为非法行为。
4．What can be known about the polymetallic nodules in the deep ocean
A．They are being widely used at present.
B．Their reliance on green energy is heavy.
C．They threaten surrounding living species.
D．Their ability to produce oxygen is surprising.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers say the ... bacteria living there.”和最后一段中的“the prized nodules ... important elements”可知，多金属结核有着惊人的产生氧气的能力。故选D。
5．Why does The Metals Co. talk about the impact of mining on the ocean floor
A．To advocate ocean protection.
B．To criticize a governing authority.
C．To have its plans carried out.
D．To recommend perfect mining ways.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For years, companies ... Pacific Ocean's Clarion Clipper Zone”和“They say the ... mining on land causes.”可知，多年来，The Metals Co.等公司一直在请求批准他们开采金属结核的计划，由此可推知，他们说采矿对海底的影响微乎其微是为了让其计划得以实施。故选C。
6．What do the environmentalists expect to see according to the text
A．Lawmakers' loose policies on industries.
B．Declaring mining deep ocean nodules illegal.
C．Researchers' further exploration of the sea.
D．Employing polymetallic nodules efficiently.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They are urging lawmakers ... ecosystems on the planet.”可知，环保主义者希望看到深海结核开采被宣布为非法行为。故选B。
7．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “toll” in the last paragraph
A．technical barrier
B．previous ambition
C．potential investment
D．serious consequence
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“the prized nodules ... most important elements”可知，结核产生氧气，为海底生态系统提供生命中最重要的元素之一，因此在海底开采结核造成的损失可能比任何人想象的都要大，toll意为“严重的后果”。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·河南省三门峡市高三期中)In a small town, there lived an old man named Mr Johnson. He was widely known for his kind heart and deep love for __1__. Every morning without fail, he would take a walk in the nearby park, __2__ in the fresh air and enjoying the beauty of the natural surroundings.
One day, while on his __3__ walk, he noticed a tiny bird with a __4__ wing. Without hesitation, he carefully __5__ the bird and took it home. He then __6__ countless hours nursing the bird back to health, providing it with food, water, and tender care. As the days passed by slowly, the bird gradually __7__ and was soon able to fly again.
When it was finally time to let the bird go, Mr Johnson felt a strange __8__ of happiness and sadness. He __9__ the window and watched with a __10__ smile as the bird flew off into the vast sky. That evening, as he sat in his favorite chair thinking about what happened, he __11__ realized how much joy a small act of kindness could bring.
From that day on, Mr Johnson made it a firm point to look out for other creatures __12__. He firmly believed that even the tiniest acts of kindness could make an enormous __13__ in the world. And soon enough, the town became a __14__ place as more people were inspired by Mr Johnson's actions and started showing __15__ to one another.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Johnson (约翰逊)先生通过救助一只受伤的小鸟，感受到善意行为带来的快乐，并激励小镇居民互相展现善意的故事。
1．A.wildlife B．community
C．adventure D．nature
2．A.relaxing B．running
C．hiding D．breathing
解析：wildlife野生动物；community社区；adventure冒险；nature自然。根据下文“Every morning without fail ... the natural surroundings.”可知，他非常热爱自然。故选D。
解析：relax放松；run跑步；hide躲藏；breathe呼吸。根据下文“in the fresh air”可知，此处指呼吸新鲜空气。故选D。
3．A.usual B．casual
C．special D．average
4．A.tiny B．lost
C．broken D．colorful
解析：usual通常的，惯常的；casual随意的；special特别的；average平均的。根据上文“Every morning without fail ... in the nearby park”可知，此处指的是他通常的例行散步。故选A。
解析：tiny微小的；lost丢失的；broken伤残的；破损的；colorful多彩的。根据下文“nursing the bird back to health”可知，小鸟的翅膀受伤了。故选C。
5．A.picked out B．picked up
C．put up D．put out
6．A.spent B．wasted
C．enjoyed D．saved
解析：pick out挑出；pick up捡起；put up张贴；put out扑灭。根据下文“the bird and took it home”可知，他应该是捡起小鸟并带回家。故选B。
解析:spend花费；waste浪费；enjoy享受；save拯救。根据下文“countless hours nursing the bird back to health”可知，此处指他花费时间照顾小鸟。故选A。
7．A.healed B．struggled
C．disappeared D．recovered
8．A.sense B．feeling
C．mix D．mind
解析：heal治愈；struggle挣扎；disappear消失；recover康复，恢复。根据下文“was soon able to fly again”可知，小鸟很快又能飞了，由此可推知，小鸟康复了。故选D。
解析：sense感觉；feeling感情；mix混合；mind心灵。根据下文“of happiness and sadness”可知，他的感受应该是既快乐又悲伤。故选C。
9．A.repaired B．closed
C．opened D．locked
10．A.bittersweet B．joyful
C．bright D．sad
解析:repair修理；close关闭；open打开；lock锁上。根据下文“the window and watched ... into the vast sky”可知，此处指他打开窗户，让小鸟飞走了。故选C。
解析：bittersweet苦乐参半的；joyful快乐的；bright明亮的；sad悲伤的。根据上文“When it was finally time ... happiness and sadness.”可知，这里表示苦乐参半的微笑。故选A。
11．A.finally B．deeply
C．slowly D．rarely
12．A.in control B．in need
C．in safety D．in danger
解析：finally最终；deeply深深地；slowly缓慢地；rarely很少。根据上下文可知，放走小鸟的那天晚上，他回顾发生的事情，深深地意识到一个最小的善意行为可以带来快乐。故选B。
解析：根据下文“He firmly believed that ... make an enormous __13__ in the world.”可知，他相信即使是最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大影响，所以此处指Johnson先生下定决心要照顾其他需要帮助的动物。故选B。
13．A.choice B．judgement
C．profit D．difference
解析：choice选择；judgement判断；profit利润；difference差异。根据上文“realized how much joy a small act of kindness could bring”可知，他深深地意识到最小的善意行为能带来快乐，所以此处指最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大的影响。make a difference“起(重要)作用；有影响”。故选D。
14．A.quieter B．happier
C．better D．worse
解析：quieter更安静的；happier更快乐的；better更好的；worse更糟的。根据下文“as more people were inspired ... to one another”可知，更多的人受到了Johnson先生行动的鼓舞，开始互相表达善意，所以这个小镇应该是变得更好。故选C。
15．A.kindness B．politeness
C．brightness D．happiness
解析：kindness善意，善良；politeness礼貌；brightness明亮；happiness幸福。根据上文“He firmly believed that ... in the world.”可知，他相信即使是最小的善意行为也能在世界上产生巨大的影响，所以此处指更多的人受到了Johnson先生行动的鼓舞，开始互相表达善意。故选A。
聚焦写作　一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·青海省大通县朔山中学高三一轮复习第一次阶段检测)I'm often told that I'm a good __1__ (listen), and I do love to listen. I feel happy when my friends open up and share their true feelings with me. I think being a __2__ (trust) friend and providing emotional support is one of the important things that __3__ (strength) connections.
However, Lily __4__ (develop) a habit of routinely sharing emotional issues in her life: her health struggles, her relationship with her family, etc. This pattern has reached a point __5__ I often feel sick to hear her complaints.
The problem is that I have to interact closely with her every day, making __6__ difficult for me to take emotional breaks throughout the week. I feel unsure about how __7__ (tell) her the need to set some __8__ (boundary). I don't want to harm our relationship.
I think girls, __9__ particular, are taught to believe that we should absorb everything that everyone throws __10__ (we) way. But I believe that giving others necessary space is an act of love, too.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对朋友倾诉过多感到负担，并希望设立界限，而不伤害友谊。
1．答案：listener
2．答案：trusted
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的“a”以及设空后的“I do love to listen”可知，作者是一个很好的倾听者。listener“倾听者”。故填listener。
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰friend。故填trusted。
3．答案：strengthen
4．答案：has developed
解析：考查词性转换。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，应用strength的动词形式strengthen“加强”。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。that指代先行词things在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用原形。故填strengthen。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，莉莉已经养成了一个习惯，即经常分享她生活中的情感问题：她与疾病的抗争，她与家人的关系等等。设空处为句子的谓语动词，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主语为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has developed。
5．答案：where
6．答案：it
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a point。关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
解析：考查代词。设空处应用it作形式宾语，构成“make it＋adj.＋for sb to do sth”结构。故填it。
7．答案：to tell
8．答案：boundaries
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道该如何告诉她需要设立一些界限。设空处应用动词不定式，构成“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构，在句中作宾语。故填to tell。
解析：考查名词。boundary“界限”为可数名词，根据设空前的some可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填boundaries。
9．答案：in
10．答案：our
解析：考查介词。句意：我认为尤其对于女孩来说，我们被教导要接受别人抛给我们的一切。in particular“尤其”。故填in。
解析：考查代词。设空处应用形容词性物主代词our作定语，修饰后面的名词way。故填our。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·湖北省新高考协作体高三期中)假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，请你围绕“保护环境，低碳生活”为主题，写一封倡议书，旨在号召大家积极采取行动，践行低碳生活，内容包括：
1．环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性；
2．低碳生活的方式；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students，
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍Dear fellow students，
[精彩范文]
Dear fellow students，
With the development of modern industry and the change of people's lifestyles, our ecological environment is becoming increasingly worse. It's high time we took action to protect our ecological environment, otherwise we may soon have nowhere to live.
Firstly, turn off lights and other electrical appliances when they are not in use to conserve electricity. Secondly, when going out, we should choose to walk, to ride a bike or to take public transportation instead of driving a car. Lastly, reusing paper or bottles and resisting using plastic bags are also highly recommended.
These simple actions can significantly contribute to a low carbon lifestyle. Let us work together to create a green and harmonious environment.
Student Union
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·山西省忻州市高三月考)Last year, during the summer break, my friends and I decided to go for a walk in the forest. The forest had paths, and we decided that we would hike along the paths and meet at a central point to have a drink later. The whole team had several groups and we had planned on meeting with the rest of the team after three hours. I had a lighter, a partially charged phone, and a bottle of water. We continued on our way towards the deeper part of the forest until we were far from any recognizable trail. After two hours, we were in the deepest part of the forest, and we could not trace our other friends.
All of a sudden, a bear came rushing along our path, and we all ran in different directions. After running for about five minutes, I stood alone in a bush. I had no clue about my surroundings as I had never been there before. I shouted my friends' names loudly, but all was in vain: there was no reply, and the whole place was silent. I was confused and felt like crying as I realized I was alone with nothing to protect myself. With a lot of fear, I tried to retrace the path where I had come from, but all was useless: I was lost.
As I walked along the path trying to locate my friends, I realized that I was tired, and nothing was looking familiar. I was out of food, water, and barely had any battery left in my phone. I decided to walk through the bushes as the trees had grown so close together. I squeezed myself between the little trees. After some thirty minutes, it started raining heavily. Though I had heavy clothing, I was rained on until I was soaked up. I started freezing and praying to God for protection and direction out of the forest.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
With darkness approaching, I tried to figure out various ways of making a signal to my colleagues.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
While sitting down and warming myself around the fire, I heard some distant noise. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友去年在森林里徒步旅行时，走到森林深处遇到了熊，狂奔后发现迷路了，作者该怎么办？获救后作者有什么感悟？
[精彩范文]
With darkness approaching, I tried to figure out various ways of making a signal to my colleagues. After many vain trials, it occurred to me that I had a lighter with me. I was wild with joy and decided to build a signal fire by collecting leaves and lighting them up so my friends could see the fire. Although it had been rained on, I was finally successful to light it. Everything in silence, only the howling of the winds and the cracking of twigs kept me company. I couldn't help wondering what would have gone wrong because I had never had such kind of experience.
While sitting down and warming myself around the fire，I heard some distant noise. As the sounds got closer, I realized that those were my friends. I jumped for joy as tears filled my eyes because I knew I was safe. They shouted my name, and I replied very loudly knowing in my mind that I was saved. It showed me the importance of the use of the markings and of course the quality—calmness while adventuring in the forest. I also thought to myself that my being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life.

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