高效语法 第2讲 名词代词形容词副词 课件(共82张)+教案--2026届高考英语外研版(2019)大一轮复习

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高效语法 第2讲 名词代词形容词副词 课件(共82张)+教案--2026届高考英语外研版(2019)大一轮复习

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英语[W]
(一)名词
先了解 1.名词是语言中表示人、事物、地点、概念或抽象想法名称的词。 2.名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语或状语。 3.名词的分类:普通名词和专有名词;普通名词又分可数名词(个体名词+集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词+抽象名词)。
划重点 1.名词的数;2.名词的所有格;3.名词作定语;4.名词后缀
重点1 名词的数(详见P557)
1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
(1)一般名词词尾加-s。
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es。
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i加-es。
(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v加-es。
(5)以o结尾的名词,有生命的,常加-es;无生命的加-s。
2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形
deer 鹿;fish 鱼;sheep 羊
(2)改变单词内部的元音字母
foot→feet 脚;英尺;tooth→teeth 牙齿
(3)特殊变形
criterion→criteria 标准;thesis—theses论文
重点2 名词的所有格
1.加's:有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加's。如果是以s结尾的复数名词或以s结尾的人名,则只加'即可。
the president's office 校长办公室;Engles' works 恩格斯的著作;the students' books 学生用书
2.加of:无生命的名词,通常用of表示所属关系。
the cover of the book 书的封面;the window of the room 房间的窗户
3.双重所有格:名词的双重所有格常用of+名词性物主代词或名词加's表示。
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友;a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
4.两人共有:一样东西为两个人共有,只在后一个名词后加's;不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's。
Tom and Mike's room 汤姆和麦克的房间(共有);Tom's and Mike's books 汤姆的书和麦克的书(不共有)
5.固定短语:名词所有格可用于一些固定短语和词组中,需特殊记。
at arm's length 一臂远;在伸手可及处;within a stone's throw 一箭之遥;在附近;out of harm's way 安全的地方
重点3 名词作定语
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等,作定语的名词有以下三种形式:
(1)一般用单数形式
a stone bridge 石桥, a meeting room 会议室, morning exercise 早操, London Airport 伦敦机场, a story book 故事书, a shoe shop 鞋店
(2)man, woman作定语:要与所修饰的名词的数一致
a woman teacher 一位女教师, two women teachers 两位女教师
(3)只用复数形式:sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等
a sports meet 运动会, a goods train 货车, customs house 海关, a sales manager 销售经理
重点4 名词后缀
1.-al表示“行为;状态”
refusal, arrival, survival, approval
2.-ment表示“行为;状态;过程;手段及其结果”
treatment, movement, judgment,punishment, argument, agreement, government, development
3.-ness表示“性质;状态;程度”
goodness, kindness, friendliness, business, happiness, greatness, illness, darkness
4.-ance表示“状态;性质;情况”
performance, resistance, clearance, attendance
5.-er/-or表示“人”
foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, actor, sailor, visitor, professor
6.-ant表示“人”
participant, assistant, accountant, dependant, examinant
7.-ist表示“人”
pianist, scientist, artist, specialist, physicist
8.-ian表示“精通某事的人;某地方的人”
musician, magician, physician, technician, Russian
9.-dom表达更具体的概念
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
10.-ee表示“被……的人”
employee, interviewee, trainee, examinee
11.-ship表示“才能;状态;性质;关系”
scholarship, hardship, membership, friendship
12.-eer表示“从事……的人”
engineer, volunteer, pioneer
13.-hood表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”
childhood, manhood, womanhood
14.-sion/-tion表示“行为的过程;结果;状况”
action, solution, conclusion, expression, correction, explanation, pollution, suggestion
15.-ism表示“主义”
socialism, criticism, heroism
16.-th表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth, death
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They are ________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
答案:treasures
解析:根据设空前的are可知,设空处应用名词复数。故填treasures。
2.(2024·浙江高考1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
答案:criticism
解析:根据设空前的定冠词the可知,设空处应用名词作介词of的宾语,且criticism “批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common ________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
答案:themes
解析:本句为there be句型,是倒装句。根据谓语动词are可知,主语theme应用复数形式。故填themes。
4.(2024·T8联考)This makes for an ________ (extend) of growing seasons.
答案:extension
解析:不定冠词an后面应用名词单数。故填extension。
5.(2025·吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三月考)I might meet with a ________ (various) of troubles.
答案:variety
解析:设空处应用various的名词variety构成固定短语a variety of,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
6.(2025·广东省佛山市顺德区实验中学高三月考)It became the first TV series ________ (win) of 12 awards at the annual Chinese TV drama festival.
答案:winner
解析:设空处表示“它成为获得12项大奖的首个电视剧赢家”,设空处应用win的名词winner“赢家”。故填winner。
7.(2025·重庆市第四十九中学高三月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the ________ (country) vast rural areas.
答案:country's
解析:此处country与areas构成所属关系,应用名词所有格形式表示“这个国家的广大农村地区”。故填country's。
8.(2025·四川省仁寿第二中学等三校联考高三月考)I gave one of my favorite sun hats recently to a friend Jack who had been looking for one like mine for several ________ (week).
答案:weeks
解析:设空处作介词for的宾语,应用名词,several修饰可数名词复数。故填weeks。
9.(2025·江西省南昌市第十中学高三月考)Black Myth: Wukong draws inspiration from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, one of China's beloved classical ________ (work).
答案:works
解析:one of+可数名词复数,意为“……之一”。work在句中为可数名词,意为“作品”。故填works。
10.(2025·河南省安阳市林州市第一中学高三月考)And parents held the first-month birthday celebration (man yue jiu) to celebrate the baby's ________ (survive) and wish the baby good health.
答案:survival
解析:baby's为名词所有格,设空处应用名词。故填survival。
(二)代词
先了解 1.代词的功能就是替代上文出现过的名词概念。 2.恰当地使用代词,能够避免混淆并确保句子的流畅度,使交流更加快捷高效。 3.代词共分10类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词、相互代词、替代词。
划重点 5.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的不同形式;6.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的用法;7.it的用法
重点5 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的不同形式
人称代词 人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
物主代词 形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
反身代词 单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
不定代词 常用不定代词 both, all, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none
复合不定代词 someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, everyone/everybody, no one/nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing
重点6 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的用法
1.人称代词的主格和宾格
(1)人称代词主格作主语/同位语。
They always thought I would become an English teacher.
他们总认为我会成为一名英语教师。
(2)人称代词的宾格作表语/宾语(作及物动词或介词的宾语)。
(3)人称代词的宾格形式可在系动词后作表语。
—Who is speaking
——哪位?
—It's me.
——是我。
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,置于名词前作定语。
(2)形容词性物主代词+own+名词表示“某人自己的……”。
(3)名词性物主代词后不能接名词。
(4)名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、动词或介词的宾语或表语。
3.反身代词
(1)反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、同位语,但不能作主语。
He knows exactly how to make himself relaxed.
他清楚地知道如何让自己放松。
(2)反身代词的人称和数必须与所指代的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
I am not myself today.
今天我感觉不舒服。
【特别提醒】 固定搭配: enjoy oneself 玩得愉快; come to oneself 苏醒; by oneself 独自; teach oneself 自学; devote oneself to 致力于……; of oneself 自动地; behave oneself 举止得体; help oneself to 自己取用……; for oneself 为自己; seat oneself 坐下; make oneself at home 不拘束; in oneself 本身。
4.不定代词的用法
(1)both, all, either, neither与none
both ①表示“两者(都)” ②作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 ③与not连用表示部分否定,意为“两者并不都……”(表示全部否定需用neither)
all ①指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部” ②作主语,指人时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;指事物的整体或抽象概念时,谓语动词通常用单数形式 ③与not连用表示部分否定(表示完全否定需用none)
either ①表示“(两者中的)任何一个”(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any) ②作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
neither ①表示“(两者)都不” ②单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 ③后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式
none ①表示“(三者及三者以上中)没有一个”或“没有一点” ②后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式 ③既可指代可数名词,也可指代不可数名词
(2)each与every
each ①强调个体,可作代词和形容词,修饰单数可数名词,指两者或两者以上中的“每一个” ②可以与of短语连用;可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;作同位语时,谓语动词的数和主语保持一致
every ①强调(整体中的)每一个,只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个” ②与not连用构成部分否定 ③可用来表示“每隔” ④不可与of短语连用
(3)the other, another与others/the others
the other 可单独使用,特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”
another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替单数可数名词。另外,another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/the others others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some连用。the others特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”
(4)none, nothing与no one/nobody
none ①特指语境中提到的人或物,强调数量 ②后可接of短语,可回答how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句
nothing ①指物,表示泛指 ②不可接of短语,可回答what引导的特殊疑问句
no one/nobody ①常指人,仅用于指代可数名词单数 ②不可接of短语,可回答who引导的特殊疑问句
【特别提醒】 复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配: nothing but 仅仅;只是;anything but 决不;something of 有几分;略微;or something 诸如此类的事;something else 别的东西;另外一件事;for nothing 免费;无缘无故
(5)表示数量的不定代词辨析
few 修饰或代替可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有
a few 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 几个;一些
little 修饰或代替不可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有
a little 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 少量;一点点
many 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 许多
much 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 许多
重点7 it的用法
1.it的基本用法
(1)指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等
It is early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。
(2)代替提到过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词
Although he said he didn't like the movie, I decided to see it anyway.
尽管他说他不喜欢这部电影,但我还是决定去看一看。
(3)指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
What will you call it if it is a boy
要是男孩的话,你会给他取个什么名字?
2.it作形式主语
(1)It+be+adj./n.+for/of sb+不定式
It is important for students to learn English well.
对学生来说学好英语是重要的。
(2)It+be+名词短语(a pity/a fact/no wonder ...)/adj.+that从句
It is a pity that you can't go with her.
很遗憾你不能和她一起去。
(3)It+特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb ...)+that从句
It seems that he has made a serious mistake.
他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。
(4)It+be+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道有20人死于这次地震。
(5)It is no good/use/useless doing sth 做某事是没有好处/用处的
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)
(6)It takes sb time/patience/effort/energy to do sth 花费某人时间/耐心/努力/精力做某事
It took him much energy to write the novel.
写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。
3.it作形式宾语
(1)主语+find/think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...+it+adj./n.+(for/of sb) to do/that从句
I find it easy to get on with Jim.
我发现吉姆很容易相处。
(2)用于 like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示“喜欢,憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend, on/upon, see to等动词短语后,再接 when, if, that等引导的从句。
I'd appreciate it if you could attend our party.
如果您能参加我们的聚会,我将不胜感激。
4.it的常用短语或句型
make it 获得成功;赶上
see to it that ... 确保……
count on/rely on/depend on it that ... 相信……
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
when it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
I can't help it ... 我情不自禁……
I take it that ... 我理解的是……
It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他 确实是……(强调句型)
It's (high) time that sb did/should do sth 是该某人做某事的时候了
It's the first/second/ ... time that sb have/has done sth 这是某人第一/二/……次做某事了
It is/has been ... since ... 自从……已过了……时间了
It will be/was ... before ... 要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间
1.(2024·浙江高考1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
答案:ones
解析:some of后应用复数。故填ones。
2.(2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市连山区东北师范大学连山实验高中高三月考)In the vastness of history, Chinese traditional culture constantly shows ________ (it) unique charm and is deeply loved and appreciated by people around the world.
答案:its
解析:设空处修饰名词短语unique charm,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
3.(2025·四川省宜宾市叙州区高三一模)Combining classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making ________ a fashion icon (标志).
答案:it
解析:设空处指代上文提到的the horse face skirt,应用代词it。故填it。
4.(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort ________ (they) own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
答案:their
解析:设空处应用形容词性物主代词,修饰名词短语own garbage。故填their。
5.(2025·湖北省十堰市郧阳区第二中学高三单元检测)The historical and cultural sites offer ________ (we) rich “spiritual nutrients” in the midst of building a modern Chinese civilization.
答案:us
解析:设空处应用代词的宾格形式作offer的宾语,构成动词短语offer sb sth “给某人提供某物”。故填us。
6.(2025·云南省昆明市一中高三联考)From an early age Ma He set ________ (he) apart through his intelligence and leadership abilities.
答案:himself
解析:设空处表示主语Ma He本身,主语和宾语是同一个人,应用he的反身代词。故填himself。
7.(2025·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三质量监测)His abstract image captured the imagination of ________ (he) peers.
答案:his
解析:根据设空前的of和设空后的名词peers可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
8.(2025·广东省阳江市黄冈实验学校高三月考)Brainstorm the small things you can do to build your confidence and feel better about ________ (you).
答案:yourself
解析:此处指“你自己”,与前文的your形成互指关系,应用反身代词,作介词about的宾语。故填 yourself。
9.(2025·河北省石家庄市正中实验学校高三月考)Being old, when bus passengers may give up their seats for you, does have ________ (it) benefits.
答案:its
解析:设空处修饰名词benefits,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
10.(2025·河南省信阳市高三一模)Some players find ________ hard to follow the story, but that doesn't stop them from enjoying the game.
答案:it
解析:find it+adj.+to do sth为固定句型,意为“发现做某事……”,应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。
(三)形容词
先了解 1.形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。 2.形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的词之前,少数情况也可置于被修饰词的后面。 3.形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语、状语。
划重点 8.形容词的基本用法;9.形容词转换为副词
重点8 形容词的基本用法
1.形容词作定语
形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面,形容词作定语修饰something等不定代词时,需置于其后。
①Children should be given more free time.
应给孩子们更多自由的时间。
②I've got something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你们。
2.形容词作表语
表语形容词如alive, alone, awake, asleep等只能作表语。
The cat is still alive after the accident.
事故发生后,那只猫仍然活着。
3.形容词作补语
形容词和副词都可以作为主语补足语和宾语补足语,说明主语或宾语所处的位置、性质、特征等。
I painted the house blue.
我把房子涂成蓝色。
4.形容词作状语
形容词作状语,补充说明主语的情况。
He walked in the wind, cold and hungry.
他走在寒风中,又冷又饿。
5.形容词的排列顺序
限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料。
She wears a beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.
她穿着一件漂亮的新红色中式羊毛短大衣。
6.易混形容词
某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely等。
He has a friendly smile.
他有一个友善的微笑。
重点9 形容词转换为副词
1.形容词词尾+ly→副词
fluent→fluently 流畅地 careful→carefully 仔细地 extreme→extremely 极端地
similar→similarly 相似地 gradual→gradually 逐渐地 immediate→immediately 立即地
slow→slowly 慢慢地 usual→usually 通常地 formal→formally 正式地
2.以-le结尾的形容词,去掉-e再加-y→副词
simple→simply 简单地 terrible→terribly 非常;很 comfortable→comfortably 舒适地
gentle→gently 轻柔地 possible→possibly 可能地 visible→visibly 明显地
特殊: whole→wholly 完整地
3.以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly→副词
easy→easily 容易地 hungry→hungrily 饥饿地 happy→happily 高兴地
busy→busily 忙碌地 heavy→heavily 沉重地 lucky→luckily 幸运地
4.以-ic结尾的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically 主要地,基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
specific→specifically 特别地,尤其 dramatic→dramatically显著地;戏剧性地
5.以-ll结尾的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully 充分地;完全地;dull→dully迟钝地
6.以-ue结尾的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly 真正地
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
答案:functional
解析:设空处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词structure。故填functional。
2.(2025·江苏省徐州市第七中学高三月考)The goat hair is soft, ________ (suit) for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, good for the writing of small ones.
答案:suitable
解析:设空处应用形容词作状语,补充说明主语The goat hair的特征。故填suitable。
3.(2025·广东省江门市高三调研)Xi'an's ________ (culture) and archaeological treasures, including the Terracotta Army, make it a top tourist destination and a well-connected city.
答案:cultural
解析:设空处与archaeological并列,修饰名词treasures,应用形容词cultural,作定语。故填cultural。
4.(2025·河南省部分学校高三大联考)The taste of Moutai liquor is very elegant, exquisite (强烈的) and ________ (harmony).
答案:harmonious
解析:and为并列连词,设空处与形容词elegant和exquisite并列,也应用形容词,作表语。故填harmonious。
5.(2025·黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高三教学质量检测)They hunted together and defended each other against animals and enemies in the ________ (disaster) experiences.
答案:disastrous
解析:设空处应用形容词disastrous“灾难性的”,修饰名词experiences,作定语。故填disastrous。
6.(2025·广东省两校高三一模)It also believes that the vehicles could also be useful for reaching isolated communities in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, which can leave sections of roads or railway lines ________ (usable).
答案:unusable
解析:句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。根据句意可知,此处应用形容词作宾语补足语,表示“无法使用的”。故填unusable。
(四)副词
先了解 1.在句中表示行为或特征状态的词即为副词。 2.副词用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。 3.副词分为时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。
划重点 10.副词的基本用法;11.形容词/副词的等级和倍数表达;12.常用形容词/副词词形词义辨析
重点10 副词的基本用法
1.副词作状语
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。
①He really likes reading in his spare time.(修饰动词)
他的确喜欢在业余时间读书。
②The park is very beautiful.(修饰形容词)
这个公园非常漂亮。
③He walked too slowly.(修饰副词)
他走得太慢了。
④Luckily, he won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.(修饰句子)
幸运的是,他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
2.副词作表语
表示位置的副词(in, above, across, inside, upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征;表示动作方向的副词(up, down, on, in, off, out等)作表语时含有动作意义。
①Sorry, he is not in.
对不起,他不在家。
②Isn't he up yet
他还没起床吗?
3.副词作评述性状语
(1)表示说话人的观点的副词,如:clearly, certainly, surely, fortunately, hopefully, naturally, obviously, possibly, strangely, surprisingly, undoubtedly等。
Hopefully, tomorrow will turn out fine.
明天天气有望转晴。
(2)表示说话人的说话角度的副词,如:briefly, exactly, frankly, generally, basically, honestly, seriously等,这类副词一般可译为“……地说”。
Honestly, I don't like this book at all.
说实话,我根本不喜欢这本书。
(3)表示说话人看问题角度的副词,如:economically, historically, physically, scientifically等,可译为“从……角度来说(看)”。
Economically, inland cities are less advanced than those near the sea.
从经济的角度说,内陆城市没有沿海城市发达。
4.常用连接副词的用法
though 然而,可是 表示转折
meanwhile 在此期间 表示两个动作同时发生
therefore/thus/consequently 因此,所以 表示结果
moreover/furthermore/additionally 此外 表示承接关系
besides 另外,还有 表示递进关系
however 然而 表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开
instead 相反;代替 表示相反的情况
anyway/anyhow 尽管,即使这样 表示让步
重点11 形容词/副词的等级和倍数表达
1.原级
(1)as+形容词/副词原级+as ... 像……一样……
He learns as quickly as his classmates.
他和他的同学学得一样快。
(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.单数+as ... 像……一样……
Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.
我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。
(3)not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as ... 不如……那样……
Unfortunately, my wife isn't so fond of them as I am.
不幸的是,我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。
2.比较级
(1)两者相比用“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示
The book is more expensive than that one.
这本书比那本书贵。
(2)the+形容词/副词比较级,the+形容词/副词比较级表示“越……,就越……”
The more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我越烦就越不能集中精力。
(3)形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级表示“越来越……”
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。
(4)the+形容词/副词比较级+of (the)+名词/代词表示“(两者中)较……的”
I would prefer the smaller of the two cameras, which is very easy for me to carry.
我喜欢这两个照相机中较小的那一个,它非常容易携带。
(5)否定词+形容词/副词比较级表示最高级
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了,我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。
(6)比较级的修饰语
形容词/副词比较级可以被 much, far, still, even, hardly, rather, a bit, a little, a great deal等修饰,用以加强语气。
His handwriting is much better than mine.
他的书法比我的好多了。
3.最高级
(1)形容词/副词最高级(+of/in ...)表示“是(……之中)最……”
This is the tallest building in our town.
这是我们城里最高的建筑物。
(2)one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词表示“最……的……之一”
English is one of the most important languages in the world.
英语是世界上最重要的语言之一。
(3)形容词/副词最高级可由by far及序数词修饰
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河的桥中最长的。
4.倍数的表示法
(1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This room is twice as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B
This tree is three times taller than that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
(3)A+is+倍数+the size/length/weight/height/ ... of+B
This road is six times the length of that one.
这条路是那条路的六倍长。
(4)A+is+倍数+what从句
The price of apples is twice what it used to be.
苹果的价格是过去的两倍。
【特别提醒】 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。
重点12 常用形容词/副词词形词义辨析
1.形容词和副词词形相同,词义相似:enough, early, fast, alone, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight及表示方位的left, right, back, front和表示数量多少的little, much。
①He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.(前者为副词,作状语;后者为形容词,作定语)
②He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.(前者为形容词,作表语;后者为副词,作状语)
2.形容词和副词词形相同,词义不同:hard, very, past, still, well等。
①He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor.(形容词作定语,意为“坚硬的”)
②Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.(副词作状语,意为“努力地”)
③Keep still while I brush your hair.(形容词作表语,意为“不动的;静止的”)
④Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.(副词作状语,意为“仍然”)
3.副词词形相近,词义相似
4.副词词形相近,词义不同
1.(2025·广东省中山市濠头中学等校高三检测)The Qipao was ________ (initial), a loose-fitting and modest dress that covered most of the body.
答案:initially
解析:设空处修饰动词was,应用副词initially“最初”,作状语。故填initially。
2.(2025·重庆市第一中学高三月考)The longer the algorithms search for failures and do not find them, the ________ (confident) we can be in the system's safety.
答案:more confident
解析:“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more confident。
3.(2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三月考)The popularity of café culture is ________ (far) strengthened by the coming of the digital age, when laptops, mobile phones, and later tablets free some workers from their desk.
答案:further
解析:设空处修饰动词is strengthened,表示程度的更进一步,应用far的比较级 further。故填further。
4.(2025·吉林省珲春市第二高级中学高三一模)________ (amaze), that has also made some people jokingly re-evaluate their achievements.
答案:Amazingly
解析:设空处在句中作状语,修饰全句,表示“令人惊讶的是”, 应用副词,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Amazingly。
5.(2025·福建省福州屏东中学高三适应性练习)During the Qin and Han Dynasties, social stability and development became the ________ (important) issues for the state which had just been unified into a centralized state.
答案:most important
解析:句意:秦汉时期,社会的稳定和发展成为刚刚统一为中央集权国家的最重要的问题。根据设空处前的定冠词以及句意可知,应用形容词的最高级修饰名词issues。故填most important。
6.(2025·河南省南阳市高三期中)Influenced by various factors, many foreigners have strong stereotypes about China. ________ , as more and more foreigners visit China, the country in which they enjoy breathtaking scenery and incomparable cuisine is lovable, trustworthy, and respectable.
答案:However
解析:设空处前后分句为转折关系,且设空处位于句首,与其后句子用逗号隔开,应用连接副词however,句首单词首字母应大写。故填However。
1(共82张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第二编 高效语法
重点语法
第二讲 名词代词形容词副词(12个重点)
代词
形容词
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
名词
1
副词
4
名词
先了解 1.名词是语言中表示人、事物、地点、概念或抽象想法名称的词。
2.名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、补语或状语。
3.名词的分类:普通名词和专有名词;普通名词又分可数名词(个体名词+集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词+抽象名词)。
划重点 1.名词的数;2.名词的所有格;3.名词作定语;4.名词后缀
重点1 名词的数(详见P557)
1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
(1)一般名词词尾加-s。
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es。
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i加-es。
(4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v加-es。
(5)以o结尾的名词,有生命的,常加-es;无生命的加-s。
2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形
deer 鹿;fish 鱼;sheep 羊
(2)改变单词内部的元音字母
foot→feet 脚;英尺;tooth→teeth 牙齿
(3)特殊变形
criterion→criteria 标准;thesis—theses论文
重点2 名词的所有格
1.加's:有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加's。如果是以s结尾的复数名词或以s结尾的人名,则只加'即可。
the president's office 校长办公室;Engles' works 恩格斯的著作;the students' books 学生用书
2.加of:无生命的名词,通常用of表示所属关系。
the cover of the book 书的封面;the window of the room 房间的窗户
3.双重所有格:名词的双重所有格常用of+名词性物主代词或名词加's表示。
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友;a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
4.两人共有:一样东西为两个人共有,只在后一个名词后加's;不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's。
Tom and Mike's room 汤姆和麦克的房间(共有);Tom's and Mike's books 汤姆的书和麦克的书(不共有)
5.固定短语:名词所有格可用于一些固定短语和词组中,需特殊记。
at arm's length 一臂远;在伸手可及处;within a stone's throw 一箭之遥;在附近;out of harm's way 安全的地方
重点3 名词作定语
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等,作定语的名词有以下三种形式:
(1)一般用单数形式
a stone bridge 石桥, a meeting room 会议室, morning exercise 早操, London Airport 伦敦机场, a story book 故事书, a shoe shop 鞋店
(2)man, woman作定语:要与所修饰的名词的数一致
a woman teacher 一位女教师, two women teachers 两位女教师
(3)只用复数形式:sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等
a sports meet 运动会, a goods train 货车, customs house 海关, a sales manager 销售经理
重点4 名词后缀
1.-al表示“行为;状态”
refusal, arrival, survival, approval
2.-ment表示“行为;状态;过程;手段及其结果”
treatment, movement, judgment,punishment, argument, agreement, government, development
3.-ness表示“性质;状态;程度”
goodness, kindness, friendliness, business, happiness, greatness, illness, darkness
4.-ance表示“状态;性质;情况”
performance, resistance, clearance, attendance
5.-er/-or表示“人”
foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, actor, sailor, visitor, professor
6.-ant表示“人”
participant, assistant, accountant, dependant, examinant
7.-ist表示“人”
pianist, scientist, artist, specialist, physicist
8.-ian表示“精通某事的人;某地方的人”
musician, magician, physician, technician, Russian
9.-dom表达更具体的概念
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
10.-ee表示“被……的人”
employee, interviewee, trainee, examinee
11.-ship表示“才能;状态;性质;关系”
scholarship, hardship, membership, friendship
12.-eer表示“从事……的人”
engineer, volunteer, pioneer
13.-hood表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”
childhood, manhood, womanhood
14.-sion/-tion表示“行为的过程;结果;状况”
action, solution, conclusion, expression, correction, explanation, pollution, suggestion
15.-ism表示“主义”
socialism, criticism, heroism
16.-th表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth, death
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They are __________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
2.(2024·浙江高考1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
treasures
解析:根据设空前的are可知,设空处应用名词复数。故填treasures。
解析:根据设空前的定冠词the可知,设空处应用名词作介词of的宾语,且criticism “批评”为不可数名词。故填criticism。
criticism
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common ________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4.(2024·T8联考)This makes for an __________ (extend) of growing seasons.
themes
解析:本句为there be句型,是倒装句。根据谓语动词are可知,主语theme应用复数形式。故填themes。
解析:不定冠词an后面应用名词单数。故填extension。
extension
5.(2025·吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三月考)I might meet with a ________ (various) of troubles.
6.(2025·广东省佛山市顺德区实验中学高三月考)It became the first TV series ________ (win) of 12 awards at the annual Chinese TV drama festival.
variety
解析:设空处应用various的名词variety构成固定短语a variety of,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
解析:设空处表示“它成为获得12项大奖的首个电视剧赢家”,设空处应用win的名词winner“赢家”。故填winner。
winner
7.(2025·重庆市第四十九中学高三月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the ________ (country) vast rural areas.
country's
解析:此处country与areas构成所属关系,应用名词所有格形式表示“这个国家的广大农村地区”。故填country's。
8.(2025·四川省仁寿第二中学等三校联考高三月考)I gave one of my favorite sun hats recently to a friend Jack who had been looking for one like mine for several ________ (week).
9.(2025·江西省南昌市第十中学高三月考)Black Myth: Wukong draws inspiration from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, one of China's beloved classical ________ (work).
weeks
解析:设空处作介词for的宾语,应用名词,several修饰可数名词复数。故填weeks。
解析: one of+可数名词复数,意为“……之一”。work在句中为可数名词,意为“作品”。故填works。
works
10.(2025·河南省安阳市林州市第一中学高三月考)And parents held the first-month birthday celebration (man yue jiu) to celebrate the baby's ________ (survive) and wish the baby good health.
survival
解析: baby's为名词所有格,设空处应用名词。故填survival。
代词
先了解 1.代词的功能就是替代上文出现过的名词概念。
2.恰当地使用代词,能够避免混淆并确保句子的流畅度,使交流更加快捷高效。
3.代词共分10类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词、相互代词、替代词。
划重点 5.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的不同形式;6.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的用法;7.it的用法
重点5 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的不同形式
人称代词 人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
物主代词 形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
反身代词 单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
不定代词 常用不定代词 both, all, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none
复合不定代词 someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, everyone/everybody, no one/nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing
重点6 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的用法
1.人称代词的主格和宾格
(1)人称代词主格作主语/同位语。
They always thought I would become an English teacher.
他们总认为我会成为一名英语教师。
(2)人称代词的宾格作表语/宾语(作及物动词或介词的宾语)。
(3)人称代词的宾格形式可在系动词后作表语。
—Who is speaking
——哪位?
—It's me.
——是我。
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,置于名词前作定语。
(2)形容词性物主代词+own+名词表示“某人自己的……”。
(3)名词性物主代词后不能接名词。
(4)名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、动词或介词的宾语或表语。
3.反身代词
(1)反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、同位语,但不能作主语。
He knows exactly how to make himself relaxed.
他清楚地知道如何让自己放松。
(2)反身代词的人称和数必须与所指代的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
I am not myself today.
今天我感觉不舒服。
【特别提醒】 固定搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快; come to oneself 苏醒; by oneself 独自; teach oneself 自学; devote oneself to 致力于……; of oneself 自动地; behave oneself 举止得体; help oneself to 自己取用……; for oneself 为自己; seat oneself 坐下; make oneself at home 不拘束; in oneself 本身。
4.不定代词的用法
(1)both, all, either, neither与none
both ①表示“两者(都)”
②作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
③与not连用表示部分否定,意为“两者并不都……”(表示全部否定需用neither)
all ①指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”
②作主语,指人时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;指事物的整体或抽象概念时,谓语动词通常用单数形式
③与not连用表示部分否定(表示完全否定需用none)
either ①表示“(两者中的)任何一个”(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)
②作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
neither ①表示“(两者)都不”
②单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
③后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式
none ①表示“(三者及三者以上中)没有一个”或“没有一点”
②后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式
③既可指代可数名词,也可指代不可数名词
(2)each与every
each ①强调个体,可作代词和形容词,修饰单数可数名词,指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”
②可以与of短语连用;可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;作同位语时,谓语动词的数和主语保持一致
every ①强调(整体中的)每一个,只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”
②与not连用构成部分否定
③可用来表示“每隔”
④不可与of短语连用
(3)the other, another与others/the others
the other 可单独使用,特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”
another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替单数可数名词。另外,another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/the others others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some连用。the others特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”
(4)none, nothing与no one/nobody
none ①特指语境中提到的人或物,强调数量
②后可接of短语,可回答how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句
nothing ①指物,表示泛指
②不可接of短语,可回答what引导的特殊疑问句
no one/nobody ①常指人,仅用于指代可数名词单数
②不可接of短语,可回答who引导的特殊疑问句
【特别提醒】 复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配:
nothing but 仅仅;只是;anything but 决不;something of 有几分;略微;or something 诸如此类的事;something else 别的东西;另外一件事;for nothing 免费;无缘无故
(5)表示数量的不定代词辨析
few 修饰或代替可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有
a few 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 几个;一些
little 修饰或代替不可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有
a little 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 少量;一点点
many 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 许多
much 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 许多
重点7 it的用法
1.it的基本用法
(1)指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等
It is early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。
(2)代替提到过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词
Although he said he didn't like the movie, I decided to see it anyway.
尽管他说他不喜欢这部电影,但我还是决定去看一看。
(3)指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
What will you call it if it is a boy
要是男孩的话,你会给他取个什么名字?
2.it作形式主语
(1)It+be+adj./n.+for/of sb+不定式
It is important for students to learn English well.
对学生来说学好英语是重要的。
(2)It+be+名词短语(a pity/a fact/no wonder ...)/adj.+that从句
It is a pity that you can't go with her.
很遗憾你不能和她一起去。
(3)It+特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb ...)+that从句
It seems that he has made a serious mistake.
他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。
(4)It+be+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道有20人死于这次地震。
(5)It is no good/use/useless doing sth 做某事是没有好处/用处的
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)
(6)It takes sb time/patience/effort/energy to do sth 花费某人时间/耐心/努力/精力做某事
It took him much energy to write the novel.
写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。
3.it作形式宾语
(1)主语+find/think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...+it+adj./n.+(for/of sb) to do/that从句
I find it easy to get on with Jim.
我发现吉姆很容易相处。
(2)用于 like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示“喜欢,憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend, on/upon, see to等动词短语后,再接 when, if, that等引导的从句。
I'd appreciate it if you could attend our party.
如果您能参加我们的聚会,我将不胜感激。
4.it的常用短语或句型
make it 获得成功;赶上
see to it that ... 确保……
count on/rely on/depend on it that ... 相信……
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
when it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
I can't help it ... 我情不自禁……
I take it that ... 我理解的是……
It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他 确实是……(强调句型)
It's (high) time that sb did/should do sth 是该某人做某事的时候了
It's the first/second/ ... time that sb have/has done sth 这是某人第一/二/……次做某事了
It is/has been ... since ... 自从……已过了……时间了
It will be/was ... before ... 要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间
1.(2024·浙江高考1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
2.(2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市连山区东北师范大学连山实验高中高三月考)In the vastness of history, Chinese traditional culture constantly shows ________ (it) unique charm and is deeply loved and appreciated by people around the world.
ones
解析: some of后应用复数。故填ones。
解析:设空处修饰名词短语unique charm,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
its
3.(2025·四川省宜宾市叙州区高三一模)Combining classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making ________ a fashion icon (标志).
4.(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort ________ (they) own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
it
解析:设空处指代上文提到的the horse face skirt,应用代词it。故填it。
解析:设空处应用形容词性物主代词,修饰名词短语own garbage。故填their。
their
5.(2025·湖北省十堰市郧阳区第二中学高三单元检测)The historical and cultural sites offer ________ (we) rich “spiritual nutrients” in the midst of building a modern Chinese civilization.
6.(2025·云南省昆明市一中高三联考)From an early age Ma He set ________ (he) apart through his intelligence and leadership abilities.
us
解析:设空处应用代词的宾格形式作offer的宾语,构成动词短语offer sb sth “给某人提供某物”。故填us。
解析:设空处表示主语Ma He本身,主语和宾语是同一个人,应用he的反身代词。故填himself。
himself
7.(2025·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三质量监测)His abstract image captured the imagination of ________ (he) peers.
8.(2025·广东省阳江市黄冈实验学校高三月考)Brainstorm the small things you can do to build your confidence and feel better about ________ (you).
his
解析:根据设空前的of和设空后的名词peers可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
解析:此处指“你自己”,与前文的your形成互指关系,应用反身代词,作介词about的宾语。故填 yourself。
yourself
9.(2025·河北省石家庄市正中实验学校高三月考)Being old, when bus passengers may give up their seats for you, does have ________ (it) benefits.
10.(2025·河南省信阳市高三一模)Some players find ________ hard to follow the story, but that doesn't stop them from enjoying the game.
its
解析:设空处修饰名词benefits,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
解析:find it+adj.+to do sth为固定句型,意为“发现做某事……”,应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。
it
形容词
先了解 1.形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。
2.形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的词之前,少数情况也可置于被修饰词的后面。
3.形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语、状语。
划重点 8.形容词的基本用法;9.形容词转换为副词
重点8 形容词的基本用法
1.形容词作定语
形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面,形容词作定语修饰something等不定代词时,需置于其后。
①Children should be given more free time.
应给孩子们更多自由的时间。
②I've got something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你们。
2.形容词作表语
表语形容词如alive, alone, awake, asleep等只能作表语。
The cat is still alive after the accident.
事故发生后,那只猫仍然活着。
3.形容词作补语
形容词和副词都可以作为主语补足语和宾语补足语,说明主语或宾语所处的位置、性质、特征等。
I painted the house blue.
我把房子涂成蓝色。
4.形容词作状语
形容词作状语,补充说明主语的情况。
He walked in the wind, cold and hungry.
他走在寒风中,又冷又饿。
5.形容词的排列顺序
限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料。
She wears a beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.
她穿着一件漂亮的新红色中式羊毛短大衣。
6.易混形容词
某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely等。
He has a friendly smile.
他有一个友善的微笑。
重点9 形容词转换为副词
1.形容词词尾+ly→副词
2.以-le结尾的形容词,去掉-e再加-y→副词
fluent→fluently 流畅地 careful→carefully 仔细地 extreme→extremely 极端地
similar→similarly 相似地 gradual→gradually 逐渐地 immediate→immediately 立即地
slow→slowly 慢慢地 usual→usually 通常地 formal→formally 正式地
simple→simply 简单地 terrible→terribly 非常;很 comfortable→comfortably 舒适地
gentle→gently 轻柔地 possible→possibly 可能地 visible→visibly 明显地
特殊: whole→wholly 完整地
3.以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly→副词
4.以-ic结尾的形容词,加-ally
5.以-ll结尾的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully 充分地;完全地;dull→dully迟钝地
6.以-ue结尾的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly 真正地
easy→easily 容易地 hungry→hungrily 饥饿地 happy→happily 高兴地
busy→busily 忙碌地 heavy→heavily 沉重地 lucky→luckily 幸运地
basic→basically 主要地,基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
specific→specifically 特别地,尤其 dramatic→dramatically显著地;戏剧性地
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ____________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
2.(2025·江苏省徐州市第七中学高三月考)The goat hair is soft, ________ (suit) for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, good for the writing of small ones.
解析:设空处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词structure。故填functional。
解析:设空处应用形容词作状语,补充说明主语The goat hair的特征。故填suitable。
functional
suitable
3.(2025·广东省江门市高三调研)Xi'an's ________ (culture) and archaeological treasures, including the Terracotta Army, make it a top tourist destination and a well-connected city.
4.(2025·河南省部分学校高三大联考)The taste of Moutai liquor is very elegant, exquisite (强烈的) and _____________ (harmony).
解析:设空处与archaeological并列,修饰名词treasures,应用形容词cultural,作定语。故填cultural。
解析: and为并列连词,设空处与形容词elegant和exquisite并列,也应用形容词,作表语。故填harmonious。
cultural
harmonious
5.(2025·黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高三教学质量检测)They hunted together and defended each other against animals and enemies in the ___________ (disaster) experiences.
6.(2025·广东省两校高三一模)It also believes that the vehicles could also be useful for reaching isolated communities in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, which can leave sections of roads or railway lines ________ (usable).
解析:设空处应用形容词disastrous“灾难性的”,修饰名词experiences,作定语。故填disastrous。
解析:句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。根据句意可知,此处应用形容词作宾语补足语,表示“无法使用的”。故填unusable。
disastrous
unusable
副词
先了解 1.在句中表示行为或特征状态的词即为副词。
2.副词用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
3.副词分为时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。
划重点 10.副词的基本用法;11.形容词/副词的等级和倍数表达;12.常用形容词/副词词形词义辨析
重点10 副词的基本用法
1.副词作状语
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。
①He really likes reading in his spare time.(修饰动词)
他的确喜欢在业余时间读书。
②The park is very beautiful.(修饰形容词)
这个公园非常漂亮。
③He walked too slowly.(修饰副词)
他走得太慢了。
④Luckily, he won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.(修饰句子)
幸运的是,他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
2.副词作表语
表示位置的副词(in, above, across, inside, upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征;表示动作方向的副词(up, down, on, in, off, out等)作表语时含有动作意义。
①Sorry, he is not in.
对不起,他不在家。
②Isn't he up yet
他还没起床吗?
3.副词作评述性状语
(1)表示说话人的观点的副词,如:clearly, certainly, surely, fortunately, hopefully, naturally, obviously, possibly, strangely, surprisingly, undoubtedly等。
Hopefully, tomorrow will turn out fine.
明天天气有望转晴。
(2)表示说话人的说话角度的副词,如:briefly, exactly, frankly, generally, basically, honestly, seriously等,这类副词一般可译为“……地说”。
Honestly, I don't like this book at all.
说实话,我根本不喜欢这本书。
(3)表示说话人看问题角度的副词,如:economically, historically, physically, scientifically等,可译为“从……角度来说(看)”。
Economically, inland cities are less advanced than those near the sea.
从经济的角度说,内陆城市没有沿海城市发达。
4.常用连接副词的用法
though 然而,可是 表示转折
meanwhile 在此期间 表示两个动作同时发生
therefore/thus/consequently 因此,所以 表示结果
moreover/furthermore/additionally 此外 表示承接关系
besides 另外,还有 表示递进关系
however 然而 表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开
instead 相反;代替 表示相反的情况
anyway/anyhow 尽管,即使这样 表示让步
重点11 形容词/副词的等级和倍数表达
1.原级
(1)as+形容词/副词原级+as ... 像……一样……
He learns as quickly as his classmates.
他和他的同学学得一样快。
(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.单数+as ... 像……一样……
Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.
我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。
(3)not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as ... 不如……那样……
Unfortunately, my wife isn't so fond of them as I am.
不幸的是,我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。
2.比较级
(1)两者相比用“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示
The book is more expensive than that one.
这本书比那本书贵。
(2)the+形容词/副词比较级,the+形容词/副词比较级表示“越……,就越……”
The more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我越烦就越不能集中精力。
(3)形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级表示“越来越……”
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。
(4)the+形容词/副词比较级+of (the)+名词/代词表示“(两者中)较……的”
I would prefer the smaller of the two cameras, which is very easy for me to carry.
我喜欢这两个照相机中较小的那一个,它非常容易携带。
(5)否定词+形容词/副词比较级表示最高级
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了,我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。
(6)比较级的修饰语
形容词/副词比较级可以被 much, far, still, even, hardly, rather, a bit, a little, a great deal等修饰,用以加强语气。
His handwriting is much better than mine.
他的书法比我的好多了。
3.最高级
(1)形容词/副词最高级(+of/in ...)表示“是(……之中)最……”
This is the tallest building in our town.
这是我们城里最高的建筑物。
(2)one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词表示“最……的……之一”
English is one of the most important languages in the world.
英语是世界上最重要的语言之一。
(3)形容词/副词最高级可由by far及序数词修饰
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河的桥中最长的。
4.倍数的表示法
(1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This room is twice as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B
This tree is three times taller than that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
(3)A+is+倍数+the size/length/weight/height/ ... of+B
This road is six times the length of that one.
这条路是那条路的六倍长。
(4)A+is+倍数+what从句
The price of apples is twice what it used to be.
苹果的价格是过去的两倍。
【特别提醒】 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。
重点12 常用形容词/副词词形词义辨析
1.形容词和副词词形相同,词义相似:enough, early, fast, alone, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight及表示方位的left, right, back, front和表示数量多少的little, much。
①He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.(前者为副词,作状语;后者为形容词,作定语)
②He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.(前者为形容词,作表语;后者为副词,作状语)
2.形容词和副词词形相同,词义不同:hard, very, past, still, well等。
①He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor.(形容词作定语,意为“坚硬的”)
②Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.(副词作状语,意为“努力地”)
③Keep still while I brush your hair.(形容词作表语,意为“不动的;静止的”)
④Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.(副词作状语,意为“仍然”)
1.(2025·广东省中山市濠头中学等校高三检测)The Qipao was ________ (initial), a loose-fitting and modest dress that covered most of the body.
2.(2025·重庆市第一中学高三月考)The longer the algorithms search for failures and do not find them, the ______________ (confident) we can be in the system's safety.
initially
解析:设空处修饰动词was,应用副词initially“最初”,作状语。故填initially。
解析: “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more confident。
more confident
3.(2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三月考)The popularity of café culture is ________ (far) strengthened by the coming of the digital age, when laptops, mobile phones, and later tablets free some workers from their desk.
4.(2025·吉林省珲春市第二高级中学高三一模)___________ (amaze), that has also made some people jokingly re-evaluate their achievements.
further
解析:设空处修饰动词is strengthened,表示程度的更进一步,应用far的比较级 further。故填further。
解析:设空处在句中作状语,修饰全句,表示“令人惊讶的是”, 应用副词,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Amazingly。
Amazingly
5.(2025·福建省福州屏东中学高三适应性练习)During the Qin and Han Dynasties, social stability and development became the ______________ (important) issues for the state which had just been unified into a centralized state.
most important
解析:句意:秦汉时期,社会的稳定和发展成为刚刚统一为中央集权国家的最重要的问题。根据设空处前的定冠词以及句意可知,应用形容词的最高级修饰名词issues。故填most important。
6.(2025·河南省南阳市高三期中)Influenced by various factors, many foreigners have strong stereotypes about China. __________ , as more and more foreigners visit China, the country in which they enjoy breathtaking scenery and incomparable cuisine is lovable, trustworthy, and respectable.
However
解析:设空处前后分句为转折关系,且设空处位于句首,与其后句子用逗号隔开,应用连接副词however,句首单词首字母应大写。故填However。

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