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主题22　法律常识与法治意识等
对接教材 人教版 必修第二册Unit 3 The Internet
外研版 选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Improving yourself
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、犯罪
1.abuse vt.　　　　 滥用,妄用;虐待
n. 滥用;虐待
2.addicted adj. 上瘾的;入迷的
addiction n. 上瘾;热衷
addict n. 吸毒上瘾的人;对……着迷的人
3.attempt n.& v. 企图;试图;尝试;努力
attempted adj. 未遂的
4.chase vi.& vt. 追赶;驱逐,赶走;努力赢得
n. 追逐,追赶
5.cheat vt. 欺骗;蒙骗
vi. 作弊;舞弊
n. 欺骗手段;骗子
6.clue n. 线索,提示;迹象
7.commit vt. 做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺,保证
vi. 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺
8.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯
9.detect vt. 侦察出;发现
detective n. 侦探;警探
10.escape vi. 逃走;逃跑;(气体、液体等)泄漏
vt.& vi. 逃脱;逃避
n. 逃跑;逃脱;逃避;泄漏
11.evidence n. 证据;证明
evident adj. 明显的
12.expose v. 使暴露;使显露;揭发;使(胶卷)曝光
exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道
13.flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
14.guilt n. 犯罪;罪责;内疚
guilty adj. 内疚的,羞愧的
15.hide v.(hid,hidden) 把……藏起来,隐藏;躲藏,躲避;掩盖,隐瞒
16.investigate vi.& vt. 调查,侦查
investigation n. 调查;调查研究
investigator n. 调查者;侦查员
17.motive n. 动机;目的;原因
18.murder n. 谋杀;凶杀
v. 谋杀;凶杀;糟蹋;毁坏
murderer n. 凶手;谋杀犯
19.prison n. 监狱,牢房;监禁;难以脱身的地方
20.robbery n. 抢劫;盗窃
rob v.(robbed,robbed) 抢劫;掠夺;盗取
robber n. 强盗;盗贼
21.search v. 搜查,搜寻;搜查(地方,车辆),搜……的身
n. 搜寻,搜查;探索
22.steal v.(stole,stolen) 偷窃,盗窃
23.suspect v. 猜想,认为(某事有可能);怀疑……有罪,认为……有嫌疑
n. 嫌疑犯,可疑分子
24.theft n. 偷窃,盗窃;盗窃罪
25.thief n. 贼,小偷,偷窃犯
26.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 粗暴地;强烈地
violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
27.witness n. 目击者;见证人;证人
vt. 目击;亲眼所见
二、法律
1.abolish vt. 废除
2.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责
3.arrest v.& n. 逮捕,拘留
4.case n. 事例;病例;案件;情况;盒;箱
5.clarify vt. 澄清,讲清楚,阐明
clarification n. 澄清,说明;净化
6.constitution n. 宪法;章程
7.contract n. 合同,契约
8.court n. 法院,法庭;球场;王宫,宫廷
9.fine vt.& n. 罚款
adj. 健康的;美好的;精致的
10.freedom n. 自由;不受……影响的状态
free adj. 自由的;空闲的;免费的
vt. 释放;使摆脱;解除
freely adv. 自由地,自如地
11.illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的
legal adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
legally adv. 合法地
12.innocence n. 天真;单纯;无罪
innocent adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
13.justice n. 公平,公正
14.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
15.lawyer n. 律师
16.liberate v. 解放,解救;使自由
liberation n. 释放,解放
liberty n. 自由
17.punish v. 处罚,惩罚(做错事或犯法的人);惩处(犯罪行为)
punishment n. 惩罚;严厉对待
18.release vt.& n. 发表,发布;释放
19.sentence n. 句子;判决;宣判
vt. 判决;宣判
20.trial n. 试验;审判,审理
三、主题词块
1.break into 闯入;破门而入
2.be sent to prison 被送进监狱
3.obey/keep/observe the law 遵守法律
4.violate/break/against the law 违法
5.carry out 实施;执行
6.bring/put sth into effect 使生效;实行;实施
7.come into effect/force 生效;开始实施
8.in effect (法律或规则)在实施中;有效
9.take effect 生效;开始实施
mit murder 谋杀
11.rob sb of sth 抢夺某人某物
12.search for 查找
13.charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
14.accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
15.appeal to sb/sth 向……上诉;申诉
16.be released from prison 被释放出狱
四、主题佳句
1.which引导非限制性定语从句
On the one hand,it is advised to adopt the real-name system,which can prevent the language violence effectively.
一方面,建议采用实名制,这可以有效防止语言暴力。
2.It+be+过去分词+that...
It’s urged that a loving,supportive and harmonious environment should be provided on the Internet.
人们强烈要求在互联网上提供一个充满爱、支持和和谐的环境。
3.动词-ing形式作后置定语
Secondly,the government should make laws about protecting environment and punish those breaking the law severely.
其次,政府应该制定有关保护环境的法律,并且严厉惩罚那些违反法律的人。
4.while引导让步状语从句
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals,some of them are still being hunted and killed.
虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence (evident) that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.(2022·全国乙卷)
2.Since the liberation (liberate) of this area,it has witnessed significant progress in politics,economy and culture.
3.So far,large quantities of private information have been leaked to the advertisement agency illegally (legal).
4.Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment (punish).(2020·浙江7月卷)
5.Although she was found guilty,the young lady continued to insist on her innocence (innocent).
6.Detective (detect) Ashley Jones works at a police department in England.(2020·天津卷)
7.If you spend any time in prison,you’re labelled as a criminal (crime) for the rest of your life.
8.His addiction (addict) to computer games got his parents anxious,but I found it really challenging for him to quit.
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出escape的汉语意思
A.vt.被忘掉　B.vi.漏出　C.vi.逃离
①The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.
(2023·浙江1月卷)C
②I was about to make a response to her when her name escaped me.A
③Look at the display of the monitor.Gas is escaping from the pipe.B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.vt.虐待
②Unless we have enough evidence,we can’t win the case.n.案件
③In the opera,the violence of the heroine’s feelings impressed the audience deeply.n.激情
④His hospital room became a prison,because he couldn’t get rid of the disease.n.难以脱身的地方
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Good citizens are supposed to obey/keep/observe the law and set a good example for others.
好公民应该遵守法律并为他人树立良好的榜样。
2.Anyone who breaks/violates the law will be caught sooner or later by the long arm of the law.
任何违法的人迟早都会被法网抓住。
3.The new law will come into effect in three months,aiming to better protect the rights of the public.
新的法律将在三个月后生效,旨在更好地保护公众的权利。
4.The police will accuse the thief of burglary based on the evidence they’ve collected.
警方将根据他们收集到的证据控告这个小偷入室盗窃。
5.The suspect running away from the crime scene was caught by the police.(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
从犯罪现场逃跑的嫌疑人被警察抓住了。
6.While there is a growing awareness of the importance of biodiversity,illegal trade in wildlife still goes on without stopping.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管人们对生物多样性重要性的认识日益增强,但非法野生动植物贸易仍在持续不断。
【默写主题单词】
一、犯罪
1.abuse vt.　　　　 滥用,妄用;虐待
n. 滥用;虐待
2.addicted adj. 上瘾的;入迷的
addiction n. 上瘾;热衷
addict n. 吸毒上瘾的人;对……着迷的人
3.attempt n.& v. 企图;试图;尝试;努力
attempted adj. 未遂的
4.chase vi.& vt. 追赶;驱逐,赶走;努力赢得
n. 追逐,追赶
5.cheat vt. 欺骗;蒙骗
vi. 作弊;舞弊
n. 欺骗手段;骗子
6.clue n. 线索,提示;迹象
7.commit vt. 做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺,保证
vi. 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺
8.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯
9.detect vt. 侦察出;发现
detective n. 侦探;警探
10.escape vi. 逃走;逃跑;(气体、液体等)泄漏
vt.& vi. 逃脱;逃避
n. 逃跑;逃脱;逃避;泄漏
11.evidence n. 证据;证明
evident adj. 明显的
12.expose v. 使暴露;使显露;揭发;使(胶卷)曝光
exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道
13.flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
14.guilt n. 犯罪;罪责;内疚
guilty adj. 内疚的,羞愧的
15.hide v.(hid,hidden) 把……藏起来,隐藏;躲藏,躲避;掩盖,隐瞒
16.investigate vi.& vt.调查,侦查
investigation n. 调查;调查研究
investigator n. 调查者;侦查员
17.motive n. 动机;目的;原因
18.murder n. 谋杀;凶杀
v. 谋杀;凶杀;糟蹋;毁坏
murderer n. 凶手;谋杀犯
19.prison n. 监狱,牢房;监禁
20.robbery n. 抢劫;盗窃
rob v.(robbed,robbed) 抢劫;掠夺;盗取
robber n. 强盗;盗贼
21.search v. 搜查,搜寻;搜查(地方,车辆),搜……的身
n. 搜寻,搜查;探索
22.steal v.(stole,stolen) 偷窃,盗窃
23.suspect v. 猜想,认为(某事有可能);怀疑……有罪,认为……有嫌疑
n. 嫌疑犯,可疑分子
24.theft n. 偷窃,盗窃;盗窃罪
25.thief n. 贼,小偷,偷窃犯
26.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 粗暴地;强烈地
violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
27.witness n. 目击者;见证人;证人
vt. 目击;亲眼所见
二、法律
1.abolish vt. 废除
2.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责
3.arrest v.& n. 逮捕,拘留
4.case n. 事例;病例;案件;情况;盒;箱
5.clarify vt. 澄清,讲清楚,阐明
clarification n. 澄清,说明;净化
6.constitution n. 宪法;章程
7.contract n. 合同,契约
8.court n. 法院,法庭;球场;王宫,宫廷
9.fine vt.& n. 罚款
adj. 健康的;美好的;精致的
10.freedom n. 自由;不受……影响的状态
free adj. 自由的;空闲的;免费的
vt. 释放;使摆脱;解除
freely adv. 自由地,自如地
11.illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的
legal adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
legally adv. 合法地
12.innocence n. 天真;单纯;无罪
innocent adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
13.justice n. 公平,公正
14.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
15.lawyer n. 律师
16.liberate v. 解放,解救;使自由
liberation n. 释放,解放
liberty n. 自由
17.punish v. 处罚,惩罚(做错事或犯法的人);惩处(犯罪行为)
punishment n. 惩罚;严厉对待
18.release vt.& n. 发表,发布;释放
19.sentence n. 句子;判决;宣判
vt. 判决;宣判
20.trial n. 试验;审判,审理
【默写主题词块】
1.break into 闯入;破门而入
2.be sent to prison 被送进监狱
3.obey/keep/observe the law 遵守法律
4.violate/break/against the law 违法
5.carry out 实施;执行
6.bring/put sth into effect 使生效;实行;实施
7.come into effect/force 生效;开始实施
8.in effect (法律或规则)在实施中;有效
9.take effect 生效;开始实施
mit murder 谋杀
11.rob sb of sth 抢夺某人某物
12.search for 查找
13.charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
14.accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
15.appeal to sb/sth 向……上诉;申诉
16.be released from prison 被释放出狱
【默写主题佳句】
1.On the one hand,it is advised to adopt the real-name system,which can prevent the language violence effectively.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
一方面,建议采用实名制,这可以有效防止语言暴力。
2.It’s urged that a loving,supportive and harmonious environment should be provided on the Internet.(It+be+过去分词+that...)
人们强烈要求在互联网上提供一个充满爱、支持和和谐的环境。
3.Secondly,the government should make laws about protecting environment and punish those breaking the law severely.(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
其次,政府应该制定有关保护环境的法律,并且严厉惩罚那些违反法律的人。
4.While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals,some of them are still being hunted and killed.(while引导让步状语从句)
虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
1.attempt n.& v.企图;试图;尝试;努力 (attempted adj.未遂的)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph (photograph).(2023·全国乙卷)
②He was charged with an attempted (attempt) murder,but proved innocent after investigation.
③她变得如此激动以至于在试图靠近时不小心撞到了箱子。(情绪+动作描写)
→So excited did she become that she accidentally knocked over the box making/in an attempt to get closer.(attempt n.)
→So excited did she become that she accidentally knocked over the box attempting to get closer.(attempt v.)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing... 尝试做……
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do... 尝试(试图)做……
2.commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等) (committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①What makes the writer unique is not only his great works but also his commitment (commit) to what he loves.
②我最钦佩的人是我的邻居,因为他致力于帮助他人。
→The person I admire most is my neighbour who/that commits himself to giving others a helping hand.(定语从句;commit)
→My neighbour is so committed to giving others a helping hand that I admire him most.(so...that...;committed)
→Committed to giving others a helping hand,my neighbour is the person that I admire most.(分词短语作状语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将……(时间或精力)投入(做)某事中
(2)be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
3.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 vt.被忘掉 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Only a minority of students want to escape taking (take) responsibility for their own behavior.
②The thief had seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police.
③At last,we had a narrow escape,fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.(2020·浙江7月卷)
最后,我们九死一生,很幸运没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)escape from 从……逃脱,从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事
escape being done 逃避被……
(2)have a narrow escape 死里逃生
4.expose v.使暴露(于险境);揭露,使曝光;露出;使接触,使体验 (exposed adj.暴露的;无遮蔽的
exposure n.暴露,揭露)
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Seeing us approaching,she smiled joyfully,exposing (expose) nice little teeth.
②Many people in China have limited exposure (expose) to English.(2021·浙江6月卷)
③If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→Exposing yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)expose...to... 把……暴露在……,使……接触……
expose oneself to... 接触……;使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 接触……;暴露于……
5.witness vt.当场见到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①The last ten years has witnessed (witness) great progress in space and sea exploration in our country.
②Anyone who witnessed to seeing (see) the accident yesterday should call the police.
③Your success in the competition is a witness to your hard work.(祝贺信)
你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。
④We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house.
→The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.(无生命名词作主语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)witness sth/that... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)be (a) witness to sth 是某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
6.accuse vt.控诉,控告;谴责;指责
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①For lack of solid evidence,the accused (accuse) was allowed to go free.
②The teenager was accused of stealing/was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring and the detective is working on the case.
这位青少年被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指,侦探正在调查此案。
后牢记　用法归纳
accuse sb of...(=charge sb with...) 指责某人……;控告某人……
the accused 被告
7.case n.盒;箱;情况;案件;病例
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①We should be familiar with the traffic laws in case we get into trouble while driving.
②There are some cases where many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges.
③As is often the case,senior three students feel anxious and upset before important examinations.
④In no case should we go against the laws of nature,or we’ll suffer endless pain.(倒装;倡议书)
无论如何我们都不应该违背自然规律,否则我们将遭受无尽的痛苦。
后牢记　用法归纳
in case 以防(万一)
in case of 万一……,如果发生……
in any case 无论如何;总之
in no case 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
8.freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态 (free adj.免费的;自由的;不受约束的;不受……影响的
adv.免费 vt.使自由;解放;释放)
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.(2023·浙江1月卷)
当你乘坐火车时,即使你是过夜旅行,也不会免费提供毯子。
②最使我满意的是我有选择所喜欢东西的自由。
→What satisfies me most is that I have the freedom to choose what I like.(freedom)
→What satisfies me most is that I am free to choose what I like.(free)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)have the freedom of.../to do sth 有(做)……的自由
(2)be free to do sth 自由做某事
set...free 释放……;使……获得自由
be free from/of... 不受……影响的;无……的
(3)free...from... 使摆脱;从……中解脱
(4)for free/free of charge 免费
9.carry out 实施;履行;贯彻
先运用　用carry短语填空/补全句子
①Lacking sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy was carried out.
③He rose to his feet on shaky legs,and carried on walking slowly down the road.(动作描写)
他双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿路慢慢地走着。
④Despite the failure,the scientist believed his determination and hard work would carry him through.
尽管失败了,这位科学家相信他的决心和努力会帮助他渡过难关。
后牢记　用法归纳
carry on 继续(做)
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry on with sth 继续某事
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
10.while引导让步状语从句
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals,some of them are still being hunted and killed.虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
先运用　语境辨义/补全句子
①50% of the students watch English movies while only 18% read English books.(2022·全国乙卷) conj.然而(表示对比转折)
②While online learning proves useful,there exist some disadvantages.(2021·全国乙卷)conj.虽然;尽管
③They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.n.一段时间
④I enjoyed myself a lot surrounded by nature outdoors,while expressing my creativity.(告知信;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在户外被大自然包围的同时表达我的创造力,我很享受我自己。
后牢记　用法归纳
while的用法如下:
(1)用作从属连词,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折,不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。
(2)用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候;在……时”,引导时间状语从句,状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done,表“当做……/……被做时”。
(3)用作并列连词,意为“然而”,表示前后分句的对比转折。
(4)用作名词,意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”,如:for a while(暂时);in a while(过一会儿)。
[应用文增分练]——关于“网络暴力”的短文
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假定你是高中生李华,你校最近开展了有关“网络暴力(Cyber Violence)”的英语博客作文比赛,这种新颖的形式吸引了很多学生来参加。请根据下面要点写一篇博文。 1.在网络上人们遭受到攻击; 2.监管部门加强监管;做负责任网民; 3.实行实名制,同时出台法律应对网络暴力; 4.个人看法。
Cyber Violence
In an era when the Internet dominates our lives,cyber violence has become prevalent.Many people are attacked online,1.with violent words and deeds spreading like wildfire (暴力的言行像野火一样蔓延;with复合结构).
Regulatory authorities need 2.to investigate and strengthen control to prevent such illegal acts (进行调查并加强管控,以防止这类违法行为).We should be responsible netizens and not participate in cyber violence.
It is advisable to implement a real-name system.Moreover,3.relevant laws should be introduced (应该出台相关法律;被动语态) to severely punish those who commit cyber violence.
In my view,cyber violence 4.is like a hidden crime (就像是一种隐藏的犯罪).We must take action to stop it to ensure a clean and friendly online world.
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:校门口出现交通堵塞→看到这个情况并考虑到汽车尾气对环境的污染,Leo和Matt决定采取行动解决这个问题→一起讨论,制订出计划:鼓励学生拼车、骑自行车或步行上学,并实行奖励措施……
场景续写1:把计划交给学校当局→学校接纳了他们的计划→着手推进新措施→新措施逐步落实,取得了良好的效果
With their plan in hand, Leo and Matt presented it to the school authorities.They were impressed with the students’ initiative and agreed to support their efforts.The school announced the new measures and encouraged everyone to participate.As the weeks progressed, the carpool system took shape, and more students started sharing rides.The bike racks were installed, and more students were seen cycling to school.The rewards system also proved to be a hit.Students who carpooled, cycled, or walked to school were rewarded with points that could be used for prizes, adding a fun element to the initiative and further motivating students to participate.
场景续写2:学校的交通拥堵有了明显的改善→给周围的人和社区带来积极的影响→他们的计划和努力影响到更多的人,让其他人也开始参与到可持续发展中来
A few months passing by, the school traffic congestion had significantly improved.The narrow streets were no longer clogged, and the air was clearer.Everyone was happier, and the school community felt more connected and environmentally responsible.They had not only solved a long-standing problem but also instilled a sense of sustainability and teamwork among their peers.Their story spread throughout the school and beyond, inspiring other students to take action and make a positive impact in their own communities.Efforts of responsibility and sustainability have finally paid off.
　　(2023·全国甲卷)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg,occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more,they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously,if precautions (预防) aren’t taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化——对灰熊的保护
32.How do Americans look at grizzlies
A.They cause mixed feelings in people.
B.They should be kept in national parks.
C.They are of high scientific value.
D.They are a symbol of American culture.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可见,人们对它们的感情很复杂,故选A项。]
33.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A.The European settlers’ behavior.
B.The expansion of bears’ range.
C.The protection by law since 1975.
D.The support of Native Americans.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段尾句和第四段首句可以推断,灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关,故选C项。]
34.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A.The opposition of conservation groups.
B.The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C.The voice of the biologists.
D.The local farmers’ advocates.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.”可知,动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名,故选A项。]
35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.”可以推断,人类可以和灰熊和谐共处,故选B项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.conflicted adj. 矛盾的,因心理冲突而不知所措的
2.psyche n. 精神;心灵;灵魂;心态
3.frightening adj. 令人害怕的
4.re-occupy v. 再占领(建筑、地区等)
5.expand v. 扩大;扩展(业务)
6.increasingly adv. 越来越多地;不断增加地
7.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗略的;大致的
8.delist v. 把……从清单中删除
9.loosen v. (使)放松;变松
10.overturn v. 推翻,撤销(判决等);倾倒;倾覆
11.lawsuit n. 诉讼;起诉
12.conservation n. 保护;保持;文物保护
13.troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的;讨厌的;令人痛苦的
14.flood into 涌入
15.for now 目前,现在
16.be effective at 在……方面有效
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
voice [熟义] n.嗓音,说话声
[生义] n.意见,呼声
We should listen attentively to the voice of the common people expressing their concerns.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
1.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
分析:本句是一个并列复合句。句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词tourists,并在从句中作主语。what引导宾语从句,作ask的直接宾语。
句意:询问那些涌入黄石国家公园的世界各地的游客们,他们最希望看到什么,他们的回答往往是一样的:灰熊。
2.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前面提到的内容,即...the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies。
句意:它们(灰熊的数量)的恢复是如此成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次尝试将灰熊从濒危物种名录上除名,这将放松法律保护,允许人们猎杀。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Over the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.Americans are still texting while driving,as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents,which had fallen for years,are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more,but Mark Rosekind,the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrat-ion,said distracted (分心)driving was “only increasing,unfortunately”.
“Big change requires big ideas,”he said in a speech last month,referring broadly to the need to improve road safety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior,lawmak-ers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,”he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——法治意识——判断司机开车时是否使用了手机
1.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.
C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中“Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.”可推知,美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。ineffective无效的。]
2.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A.Where a driver came from.
B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going.
D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine...hands-free driving laws.”可知,Textalyzer能够帮助警察查明司机是否使用了手机。]
3.What does the underlined word “some-thing” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice. B.Data.
C.Tests. D.Laws.
答案　D　[代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior.”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes...hands on the cell phone.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是“法律”。]
4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B.Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C.New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D.The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
答案　B　[标题归纳题。纵观全文可知,虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机,可是问题却越来越严重。为了解决该问题,纽约立法者提出了利用Textalyzer来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案,由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项最适合作文章的标题。]
(2025·黑龙江佳木斯高三三模)
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产),in particular the narrow streets known as hutong.
Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China,but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs,most of which are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago,the number was 3,250.In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng,some people will be asked to move from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning,adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritage worked.The head of the Xicheng district government said the area has 182 cultural relics,many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage,especially hutongs,and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”
No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——法律意识——保护北京胡同
5.How many hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing
A.Fewer than 1,000. B.About 2,000.
C.More than 3,000. D.Over 4,000.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二、三句可知,北京胡同的数量由60年前的3 250 条减少至现在的不到1 000条,共减少了大约2 000条。]
6.According to Paragraph 3,which of the following is the main reason for the damage to cultural relics
A.People’s activity.
B.Residents’ attitude.
C.Communities’ behavior.
D.The government’s policy.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics”和末句“hutongs should be protected from human damage”可知,文化遗迹遭到破坏的主要因素是人们的活动。]
7.Which of the following is a useful way to protect hutongs
A.To attract more visitors.
B.To forbid everyone from getting close to it.
C.To increase the local population.
D.To punish anyone damaging it.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”可知,对破坏胡同的行为实施惩罚是保护胡同比较有用的措施。]
8.What is the author’s attitude toward hutongs
A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.
C.Uninterested. D.Appreciative.
答案　B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.”可知,作者对胡同未来的命运深感担忧,持悲观态度。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练题)
For most of history,people lived in small groups of up to 150 people.Then villages and small towns developed,offering safety and support through the sharing of resources.As time passed,urban living brought additional advantages such as better jobs,schools and healthcare.Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact.This is important.　1　
Today,over half of the world’s population currently lives in towns and cities.But this has resulted in a strange paradox (悖论).Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities,research suggests that city life can be lonely.　2　 People from all over the world can join online communities and make virtual friends without leaving their home.
The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s.Back then,telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances.　3　 Later,in the 1960s,radios started to provide a means of short-distance communication and developed communities with their own unique language and usernames.
　4　 Computers were not very powerful yet,so people could post messages and share news and stories but not music or photos.Still,people loved being able to make friends online and then hang out with them.As technology became more powerful,online communities for fun,education and business emerged,where people could explore a virtual 3D world,have online lessons,and even buy things with virtual money.
These days,there are thousands of virtual communities and that number keeps growing.Many people believe they will become more important.　5　 Particularly,they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy.So perhaps the future will be more like the past.People will spend most of their time in real communities.
A.This trend,however,is not likely to continue.
B.As Aristotle said,the nature of humans is to be social.
C.That may explain why virtual communities are so popular.
D.The first popular online communities developed in the 1980s.
E.Before cell phones existed,radio was an easy way to communicate.
F.Nevertheless,others worry about problems with these communities.
G.This is among the earliest examples of virtual community interactions.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——信息技术创新——虚拟社区
1.B　[根据上文的“Larger towns also gave people...is important.”可知,较大的城镇为人们提供的更多见面和互动的机会很重要,B项“正如亚里士多德所说,人类的本性是社会性的。”解释了上一句“这很重要”的原因,故选B项。]
2.C　[根据上文中的“Although social opportunities are...city life can be lonely.”可知,尽管社交机会是人们选择住在大城市的原因之一,但研究表明,城市生活也可能是孤独的。再结合下文中的“People from all over the world...without leaving their home.”可知,来自世界各地的人们足不出户就可以加入在线社区,结交虚拟朋友。因此空处应起到承上启下的作用。C项“这也许可以解释为什么虚拟社区如此受欢迎。”与上下文衔接紧密,故选C项。]
3.G　[根据上文中的“The development of virtual communities...formed friendships over long distances.”可知,虚拟社区的发展可以追溯到19世纪60年代。当时,电报员交换信息,远距离的友谊逐渐建立。由此可知,此处介绍的是虚拟社区的发展历史。G项“这是虚拟社区互动最早的例子之一。”符合语境,故选G项。]
4.D　[根据下文中的“Computers were not very powerful...hang out with them.”以及“As technology became more powerful...business emerged”可知,本段主要介绍的是在线社区的发展历史,D项“第一批流行的在线社区出现在20世纪80年代。”符合语境,故选D项。]
5.F　[根据上文中的“Many people believe they will become more important.”和下文中的“Particularly,they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy.”可知,空处与上文存在语意上的转折关系,且与人们的担忧有关。F项“然而,其他人担心这些社区的问题。”符合语境,故选F项。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·广东七校联合体高三联考)
Jennifer Webb-McRae always knew what she wanted to be when she grew up.
She really never wanted to be anything else 　1　 a lawyer when she grew up and that was because her family kind of put that idea in her head.They used to say she 　2　 every point,so she should grow up and be a lawyer.
Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there.　3　,Webb-McRae was interested in family law,so she clerked for a judge 　4　 in that field.Later,she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年的) justice system.During that time,she found she had a 　5　 for criminal law and decided to work for that.
Now,she feels fortunate to get a job representing juvenile defendants.Her responsibilities are complex and she says she has a role to 　6　 in this system.She works to help people make good choices,　7　 when they are young.She recognizes the power of peer pressure that children face.She 　8　 the strong “no-snitching (禁止告密)” culture among young people that can block needed intervention.
To 　9　 this disturbing and worrying situation,Webb-McRae 　10　 an Annual Back to School Initiative.After just six years in 　11　,the program now involves 40 schools.Earlier this year,Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.She thinks everyone has a right to 　12　 the justice system is fair.
“Our justice system certainly is not 　13　,but I’m passionate about doing my little 　14　 to make it better.I believe in action and moving the ball forward.” Webb-McRae hopes her example will 　15　 girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——法律意识——对法律的不断研究
1.A.against B.besides
C.but D.from
答案　C　[根据下文的“Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there.”可知,此处表示Webb-McRae只想当律师,故选C。]
2.A.argued B.consulted
C.made D.supported
答案　A　[根据下文的“so she should grow up and be a lawyer”和常识可知,律师会对每一个观点进行辩论,因此此处表示她会争论每一个观点,故选A。consult “咨询,请教”;support “支持”。]
3.A.Before long B.Early on
C.At the same time D.Once in a while
答案　B　[根据下文的“Later,she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年的) justice system.”可知,此处在讲她毕业后早期的职业生涯。故选B。before long “不久”;early on “在早期”;at the same time “同时”;once in a while “偶尔”。]
4.A.caught B.blessed
C.involved D.trapped
答案　C　[Webb-McRae对家庭法感兴趣,所以她为一位涉及该领域的法官做书记员。involve “涉及,使参与”,故选C。bless “祝福”;trap “困住”。]
5.A.motive B.passion
C.demand D.tolerance
答案　B　[根据下文的“for criminal law and decided to work for that”可知,Webb-McRae决定从事刑法方面的工作,这是因为她发现自己热爱刑法。故选B。motive “动机”;passion “激情;热爱”;demand “要求”;tolerance “忍受”。]
6.A.bring B.direct
C.take D.play
答案　D　[根据下文的“She works to help people make good choices,　　　　 when they are young.”可知,她说自己在这个体系中可以发挥作用。play a role in... “在……中发挥作用”。故选D。direct “指导”。]
7.A.truly B.obviously
C.especially D.certainly
答案　C　[根据下文的“when they are young”并结合常识可知,她帮助人们做出好的选择,尤其是年轻人更需要她帮忙做好选择。especially “特别,尤其”,故选C。truly “真正地”;obviously “显然”;certainly “当然”。]
8.A.acquires B.notes
C.predicts D.follows
答案　B　[根据下文的“the strong ‘no-snitching (禁止告密)’ culture among young people that can block needed intervention”可知,年轻人中强烈的“禁止告密”文化可能会阻碍必要的干预是她指出的内容。故选B。acquire “获得”;note “指出”;predict “预测”;follow “跟随”。]
9.A.track B.battle
C.seek D.question
答案　B　[根据下文的“this disturbing and worrying situation”以及她发起倡议可知,发起倡议是为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况发生,此处battle作动词,表示“阻止”,属于熟词生义的用法。track “跟踪”;seek “寻找”;question “质疑”。]
10.A.instructed B.assumed
C.programmed D.launched
答案　D　[结合上题解析可知,为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况发生,Webb-McRae发起了一项“年度返校倡议”。故选D。instruct “指示”;assume “认为”;programme “预调,计划,安排”;launch “发起”。]
11.A.existence B.suggestion
C.treatment D.expectation
答案　A　[根据上文的“After just six years in”以及下文的“the program now involves 40 schools”可知,这个倡议已涉及40所学校,它已经存在了6年。故选A。existence “存在”;suggestion “建议”;treatment “治疗”;expectation “期待”。]
12.A.figure out B.point out
C.make sure D.make sense
答案　C　[根据上文的“Earlier this year,Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.”以及下文的“the justice system is fair”可知,Webb-McRae启动了一个社区参与系列活动,因为她认为每个人都有权利确保司法系统是公平的。故选C。figure out “弄清楚”;point out “指出”;make sure “确保”;make sense “有意义”。]
13.A.complete B.persuasive
C.perfect D.reliable
答案　C　[根据下文的“make it better”可知,她要让司法系统变得更好,这说明目前司法系统并不完美,故选C。complete “完全的”;persuasive “有说服力的”;perfect “完美的”;reliable “可靠的”。]
14.A.career B.part
C.mission D.thing
答案　B　[根据上文的“I’m passionate about doing my little”可知,Webb-McRae想要尽自己的一份力让司法系统变得更好。do one’s part “尽自己的职责”。故选B。]
15.A.teach B.inspire
C.help D.attract
答案　B　[根据下文的“girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams”以及Webb-McRae实现了自己一直以来当律师的梦想可知,Webb-McRae希望她的例子能激励新泽西州的女孩们去追求自己的梦想。故选B。inspire “激励,鼓舞”;attract “吸引”。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·开封高三第一次模拟)
“The Chinese language 1.　　　　　　 (become) popular among Lebanese students in the past five years,” says Antoine Hokayem,a professor and local director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Saint Joseph (USJ).
“In the past,Lebanese students used to register for the Chinese language as an 2.　　　　　　 (elect) course.Today,we receive students from the USJ and other universities who aim to learn the language to either work in China 3.　　　　　　 continue their education in the East Asian countries,” Hokayem said on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the institute.
Engineering and telecommunication students are among the people who are most interested in the language as they aim 4.　　　　　　(continue) their higher education in China.Other students attend the institute’s courses with the intention of providing 5.　　　　 (assist) for their parents who are engaged 6.　　　　　　 trade activities with Chinese partners.
“We have small children who learn the language and speak 7.　　　　　　 (fluent) with their Chinese teachers.More than half of our students now come from outside our university.”
8.　　　　　　 (found) in 2006 through a partnership between China’s Shenyang Normal University and the USJ,the Confucius Institute at the USJ was selected as one of the 9.　　　　　　 (good) Confucius Institutes in the world for its cultural and social activities.In recent years,the institute has held lectures 10.　　　　　　 cover topics including China’s economy and cultural values as well as Peking Opera and the Belt and Road Initiative.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——跨文化沟通——黎马嫩学生学习中文
1.has become　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知,时态用现在完成时;又因主语The Chinese language表示第三人称单数概念,故填has become。]
2.elective　[考查词性转换。空前是不定冠词an,空后是名词,故空处应用形容词修饰名词。故填elective “选修的,可选择的”。]
3.or　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处形成了either...or...结构,意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。]
4.to continue　[考查非谓语动词。考查固定短语aim to do “力求达到”,故填to continue。]
5.assistance　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作providing的宾语。故填assistance。]
6.in　[考查介词。考查固定短语be engaged in “从事”,故填in。]
7.fluently　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处应用副词修饰动词speak。故填fluently。]
8.Founded　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,found与其逻辑主语the Confucius Institute之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,注意首字母大写。故填Founded。]
9.best　[考查比较等级。句意:USJ孔子学院于2006年由中国的沈阳师范大学与USJ合作成立,因其文化和社会活动被选为世界上最好的孔子学院之一。根据句意和空前定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词。故填best。]
10.that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是表示物的lectures,从句中缺少主语,故填that/which。]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·南京高三二模)
When we are little kids,birthday parties are momentous occasions.They are our time to shine,and we love everything about them:the balloons,the games,the cake,the gifts,and so on.
After reading cool stories about police officers solving mysteries,Allen Miller thought the police were awesome,hoping to become one of them!So,when he had to choose a theme for his seventh birthday party—he went with his favorite:the police!And all he wanted for his birthday party was a model police car.He excitedly invited some of his friends and anxiously awaited the day.Unfortunately,none of them could make it to the party due to various reasons.
Allen’s mom Rachel wrestled with the challenging decision:should she cancel the party and save Allen the embarrassment of an empty party room He had been looking forward to the party and talking about it daily,so it would break his heart to cancel it.
Officer Frank Smith,who had already planned with Rachel and agreed to show up at the party,heard from Rachel that it might be canceled due to low attendance.That’s when he decided to save the day—he is a police officer after all!His duty is to serve and protect,and he decided to protect Allen from having a bad day,and serve him the most amazing seventh birthday party!Officer Smith got the whole local police to join in.“We like to be involved in our community.It’s not just about enforcing (执行) the law.We like to be there in the good times as well,” he explained to Rachel.
On the day of Allen’s party,Officer Smith picked up Rachel and Allen in his police car.The boy didn’t know where they were going,but was excited.They stopped at Town Hall,and officer Smith led them into the meeting room where a group of policemen were waiting to wish Allen a happy birthday.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
There,a party was waiting for him.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
After they enjoyed the cake,Officer Smith took out a gift bag.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
There,a party was waiting for him.The moment Allen stepped inside,a chorus of “Happy Birthday” filled the meeting room,and he found himself surrounded by lots of police officers holding balloons.Officer Smith introduced him to all the officers,who gave him high fives.Allen was thrilled,and his eyes sparkled with excitement as he looked at the grand police-themed cake.As Allen cut into the cake with the help of his mom,the room erupted into cheers and laughter,adding to the joyful atmosphere.
After they enjoyed the cake,Officer Smith took out a gift bag.“It’s for you.” He presented the delicately wrapped parcel to Allen,who was stunned by the surprise.“Wow,a model police car!It looks exactly like the one we came here in!Thank you!” Officer Smith smiled,“Anytime,Allen.” Allen hugged Officer Smith and thanked him again for making the otherwise crushing disappointment his time to shine.It was the local heroes who helped by being part of the community and inspiring the young soul in small but effective ways. (共150张PPT)
主题22　法律常识与法治意识等
主题语境二　人与社会
主题群五　历史、社会与文化
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 必修第二册Unit 3 The Internet
外研版 选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Improving yourself
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
主题词句 自查过关
一、犯罪
1.abuse vt.　　　 滥用,妄用;虐待n.滥用;虐待
2.addicted adj. 上瘾的;入迷的
addiction n. 上瘾;热衷
addict n. 吸毒上瘾的人;对……着迷的人
3.attempt n.& v. 企图;试图;尝试;努力
attempted adj. 未遂的
【主题语料·分类群记】
4.chase vi.& vt. 追赶;驱逐,赶走;努力赢得n.追逐,追赶
5.cheat vt. 欺骗;蒙骗vi.作弊;舞弊n.欺骗手段;骗子
6.clue n. 线索,提示;迹象
7.commit vt. 做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺,保证
vi. 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺
8.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯
9.detect vt. 侦察出;发现
detective n. 侦探;警探
10.escape vi. 逃走;逃跑;(气体、液体等)泄漏
vt.& vi. 逃脱;逃避
n. 逃跑;逃脱;逃避;泄漏
11.evidence n. 证据;证明
evident adj. 明显的
12.expose v. 使暴露;使显露;揭发;使(胶卷)曝光
exposure n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道
13.flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled)迅速离开;逃跑
14.guilt n. 犯罪;罪责;内疚
guilty adj. 内疚的,羞愧的
15.hide v.(hid,hidden) 把……藏起来,隐藏;躲藏,躲避;掩盖,隐瞒
16.investigate vi.& vt. 调查,侦查
investigation n. 调查;调查研究
investigator n. 调查者;侦查员
17.motive n. 动机;目的;原因
18.murder n. 谋杀;凶杀v. 谋杀;凶杀;糟蹋;毁坏
murderer n. 凶手;谋杀犯
19.prison n. 监狱,牢房;监禁;难以脱身的地方
20.robbery n. 抢劫;盗窃
rob v.(robbed,robbed) 抢劫;掠夺;盗取
robber n. 强盗;盗贼
21.search v. 搜查,搜寻;搜查(地方,车辆),搜……的身
n. 搜寻,搜查;探索
22.steal v.(stole,stolen) 偷窃,盗窃
23.suspect v. 猜想,认为(某事有可能);怀疑……有罪,认为……有嫌疑
n. 嫌疑犯,可疑分子
24.theft n. 偷窃,盗窃;盗窃罪
25.thief n. 贼,小偷,偷窃犯
26.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 粗暴地;强烈地
violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
27.witness n. 目击者;见证人;证人
vt. 目击;亲眼所见
二、法律
1.abolish vt. 废除
2.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责
3.arrest v.& n. 逮捕,拘留
4.case n. 事例;病例;案件;情况;盒;箱
5.clarify vt. 澄清,讲清楚,阐明
clarification n. 澄清,说明;净化
6.constitution n. 宪法;章程
7.contract n. 合同,契约
8.court n. 法院,法庭;球场;王宫,宫廷
9.fine vt.& n. 罚款adj. 健康的;美好的;精致的
10.freedom n. 自由;不受……影响的状态
free adj. 自由的;空闲的;免费的vt.释放;使摆脱;解除
freely adv. 自由地,自如地
11.illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的
legal adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
legally adv. 合法地
12.innocence n. 天真;单纯;无罪
innocent adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
13.justice n. 公平,公正
14.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
15.lawyer n. 律师
16.liberate v. 解放,解救;使自由
liberation n. 释放,解放
liberty n. 自由
17.punish v. 处罚,惩罚(做错事或犯法的人);惩处(犯罪行为)
punishment n. 惩罚;严厉对待
18.release vt.& n. 发表,发布;释放
19.sentence n. 句子;判决;宣判vt.判决;宣判
20.trial n. 试验;审判,审理
三、主题词块
1.break into 闯入;破门而入
2.be sent to prison 被送进监狱
3.obey/keep/observe the law 遵守法律
4.violate/break/against the law 违法
5.carry out 实施;执行
6.bring/put sth into effect 使生效;实行;实施
7.come into effect/force 生效;开始实施
8.in effect (法律或规则)在实施中;有效
9.take effect 生效;开始实施
mit murder 谋杀
11.rob sb of sth 抢夺某人某物
12.search for 查找
13.charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
14.accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
15.appeal to sb/sth 向……上诉;申诉
16.be released from prison 被释放出狱
四、主题佳句
1.which引导非限制性定语从句
On the one hand,it is advised to adopt the real-name system,which can prevent the language violence effectively.
一方面,建议采用实名制,这可以有效防止语言暴力。
2.It+be+过去分词+that...
It’s urged that a loving,supportive and harmonious environment should be provided on the Internet.
人们强烈要求在互联网上提供一个充满爱、支持和和谐的环境。
3.动词-ing形式作后置定语
Secondly,the government should make laws about protecting environment and punish those breaking the law severely.
其次,政府应该制定有关保护环境的法律,并且严厉惩罚那些违反法律的人。
4.while引导让步状语从句
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals,some of them are still being hunted and killed.
虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as ____________(evident) that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.(2022·全国乙卷)
2.Since the ____________(liberate) of this area,it has witnessed significant progress in politics,economy and culture.
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
evidence
liberation
3.So far,large quantities of private information have been leaked to the advertisement agency ____________(legal).
4.Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s ____________(punish).(2020·浙江7月卷)
5.Although she was found guilty,the young lady continued to insist on her _________(innocent).
illegally
punishment
innocence
6.____________ (detect) Ashley Jones works at a police department in England.(2020·天津卷)
7.If you spend any time in prison,you’re labelled as a ____________(crime) for the rest of your life.
8.His ____________(addict) to computer games got his parents anxious,but I found it really challenging for him to quit.
Detective
criminal
addiction
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出escape的汉语意思
A.vt.被忘掉　B.vi.漏出　C.vi.逃离
①The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.(2023·浙江1月卷)_____
②I was about to make a response to her when her name escaped me._____
③Look at the display of the monitor.Gas is escaping from the pipe._____
C
A
B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.___________
②Unless we have enough evidence,we can’t win the case.___________
③In the opera,the violence of the heroine’s feelings impressed the audience deeply.___________
④His hospital room became a prison,because he couldn’t get rid of the disease._________________
vt.虐待
n.案件
n.激情
n.难以脱身的地方
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Good citizens are supposed to _________________________________
and set a good example for others.
好公民应该遵守法律并为他人树立良好的榜样。
2.Anyone who _______________________________will be caught sooner or later by the long arm of the law.
任何违法的人迟早都会被法网抓住。
obey/keep/observe the law
breaks/violates the law
3.The new law will _______________________________in three months,aiming to better protect the rights of the public.
新的法律将在三个月后生效,旨在更好地保护公众的权利。
4.The police will _______________________________based on the evidence they’ve collected.
警方将根据他们收集到的证据控告这个小偷入室盗窃。
come into effect
accuse the thief of burglary
5.The suspect ________________________________________________
was caught by the police.(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
从犯罪现场逃跑的嫌疑人被警察抓住了。
6.__________________________________________________________, illegal trade in wildlife still goes on without stopping.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管人们对生物多样性重要性的认识日益增强,但非法野生动植物贸易仍在持续不断。
running away from the crime scene
While there is a growing awareness of the importance of biodiversity
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、犯罪
1.____________ vt.　 滥用,妄用;虐待 n.滥用;虐待
2.____________ adj. 上瘾的;入迷的
____________ n. 上瘾;热衷
____________ n. 吸毒上瘾的人;对……着迷的人
3.____________ n.& v. 企图;试图;尝试;努力
____________ adj. 未遂的
abuse
addicted
addiction
addict
attempt
attempted
4.____________ vi.& vt. 追赶;驱逐,赶走;努力赢得n.追逐,追赶
5.____________ vt. 欺骗;蒙骗 vi. 作弊;舞弊n.欺骗手段;骗子
6.____________ n. 线索,提示;迹象
7.____________ vt. 做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺,保证
vi. 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
____________ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的; 坚信的
____________ n. 投入;奉献;承诺
chase
cheat
clue
commit
committed
commitment
8.____________ n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
____________ n. 罪犯
9.____________ vt. 侦察出;发现
____________ n. 侦探;警探
10.____________ vi.逃走;逃跑;(气体、液体等)泄漏
vt.& vi. 逃脱;逃避
n. 逃跑;逃脱;逃避;泄漏
crime
criminal
detect
detective
escape
11.____________ n. 证据;证明
____________ adj. 明显的
12.____________ v. 使暴露;使显露;揭发;使(胶卷)曝光
____________ n. 面临,遭受;揭露;报道
13.____________ vi.& vt.(______,______) 迅速离开;逃跑
14.____________ n. 犯罪;罪责;内疚
____________ adj. 内疚的,羞愧的
evidence
evident
expose
exposure
flee
fled
fled
guilt
guilty
15.____________ v.(________,________)
把……藏起来,隐藏;躲藏,躲避;掩盖,隐瞒
16.____________ vi.& vt. 调查,侦查
____________ n. 调查;调查研究
____________ n. 调查者;侦查员
17.____________ n. 动机;目的;原因
18.____________ n. 谋杀;凶杀 v.谋杀;凶杀;糟蹋;毁坏
____________ n. 凶手;谋杀犯
hide
hid
hidden
investigate
investigation
investigator
motive
murder
murderer
19.____________ n. 监狱,牢房;监禁
20.____________ n. 抢劫;盗窃
____________ v.(________,________) 抢劫;掠夺;盗取
____________ n. 强盗;盗贼
21.____________ v. 搜查,搜寻;搜查(地方, 车辆),搜……的身
n. 搜寻,搜查;探索
22.____________ v.(________,________) 偷窃,盗窃
prison
robbery
rob
robbed
robbed
robber
search
steal
stole
stolen
23.____________ v. 猜想,认为(某事有可能); 怀疑……有罪,认为……有嫌疑n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子
24.____________ n. 偷窃,盗窃;盗窃罪
25.____________ n. 贼,小偷,偷窃犯
26.____________ adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
____________ adv. 粗暴地;强烈地
____________ n. 暴力;暴行;激情
27.____________ n. 目击者;见证人;证人 vt.目击;亲眼所见
suspect
theft
thief
violent
violently
violence
witness
二、法律
1.____________ vt. 废除
2.____________ vt. 控告;控诉;谴责
3.____________ v.& n. 逮捕,拘留
4.____________ n. 事例;病例;案件;情况; 盒;箱
5.____________ vt. 澄清,讲清楚,阐明
____________ n. 澄清,说明;净化
6.____________ n. 宪法;章程
abolish
accuse
arrest
case
clarify
clarification
constitution
7.____________ n. 合同,契约
8.____________ n. 法院,法庭;球场;王宫,宫廷
9.____________ vt.& n. 罚款 adj. 健康的;美好的;精致的
10.____________ n. 自由;不受……影响的状态
____________ adj. 自由的;空闲的;免费的 vt.释放;使摆脱;解除
____________ adv. 自由地,自如地
11.____________ adj. 不合法的;违法的
____________ adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
____________ adv. 合法地
contract
court
fine
freedom
free
freely
illegal
legal
legally
12.____________ n. 天真;单纯;无罪
____________ adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
13.____________ n. 公平,公正
14.____________ v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
15.____________ n. 律师
16.____________ v. 解放,解救;使自由
____________ n. 释放,解放
____________ n. 自由
innocence
innocent
justice
justify
lawyer
liberate
liberation
liberty
17.____________ v. 处罚,惩罚(做错事或犯法的人);惩处(犯罪行为)
____________ n. 惩罚;严厉对待
18.____________ vt.& n.发表,发布;释放
19.____________ n. 句子;判决;宣判 vt.判决;宣判
20.____________ n. 试验;审判,审理
punish
punishment
release
sentence
trial
【默写主题词块】
1._________________________ 闯入;破门而入
2._________________________ 被送进监狱
3._________________________ 遵守法律
4._________________________ 违法
5._________________________ 实施;执行
6._________________________ 使生效;实行;实施
7._________________________ 生效;开始实施
break into
be sent to prison
obey/keep/observe the law
violate/break/against the law
carry out
bring/put sth into effect
come into effect/force
8.______________________ (法律或规则)在实施中;有效
9.______________________ 生效;开始实施
10.______________________ 谋杀
11.______________________ 抢夺某人某物
12.______________________ 查找
13.______________________ 指控某人某事
14.______________________ 控告某人某事
15.______________________ 向……上诉;申诉
16.______________________ 被释放出狱
in effect
take effect
commit murder
rob sb of sth
search for
charge sb with sth
accuse sb of sth
appeal to sb/sth
be released from prison
1.On the one hand,it is advised to adopt the real-name system, __________________________________________________________. (which引导非限制性定语从句)
一方面,建议采用实名制,这可以有效防止语言暴力。
2.____________________ a loving,supportive and harmonious environment should be provided on the Internet.(It+be+过去分词+that...)
人们强烈要求在互联网上提供一个充满爱、支持和和谐的环境。
which can prevent the language violence effectively
【默写主题佳句】
It’s urged that
3.Secondly,the government should make laws about protecting environment and punish those ____________________severely.
(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
其次,政府应该制定有关保护环境的法律,并且严厉惩罚那些违反法律的人。
4.____________________________________________________________,some of them are still being hunted and killed.(while引导让步状语从句)
虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
breaking the law
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals
主题词句 重点突破
1.attempt n.& v.企图;试图;尝试;努力 (attempted adj.未遂的)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting ________________ (photograph).(2023·全国乙卷)
②He was charged with an ____________(attempt) murder,but proved innocent after investigation.
to photograph
attempted
③她变得如此激动以至于在试图靠近时不小心撞到了箱子。(情绪+动作描写)
→So excited did she become that she accidentally knocked over the box ___________________________________________.(attempt n.)
→So excited did she become that she accidentally knocked over the box ___________________________________________.(attempt v.)
making/in an attempt to get closer
attempting to get closer
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing... 尝试做……
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do... 尝试(试图)做……
2.commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等) (committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①What makes the writer unique is not only his great works but also his ____________(commit) to what he loves.
commitment
②我最钦佩的人是我的邻居,因为他致力于帮助他人。
→The person I admire most is my neighbour ____________________
_________________________________________.(定语从句;commit)
→My neighbour ____________________________________________
I admire him most.(so...that...;committed)
→________________________________________________________, my neighbour is the person that I admire most.(分词短语作状语)
who/that commits
himself to giving others a helping hand
is so committed to giving others a helping hand that
Committed to giving others a helping hand
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将……(时间或精力)投入(做)某事中
(2)be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事
3.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 vt.被忘掉 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Only a minority of students want to escape ____________(take) responsibility for their own behavior.
②The thief had seriously hurt himself while trying to escape ____________the police.
③At last,we ________________________________, fortunately _______________________________ by the hungry polar bear.(2020·浙江7月卷)
最后,我们九死一生,很幸运没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
taking
from
had a narrow escape
escaping being hurt
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)escape from 从……逃脱,从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth　　 避开(做)某事
escape being done 逃避被……
(2)have a narrow escape 死里逃生
4.expose v.使暴露(于险境);揭露,使曝光;露出;使接触,使体验 (exposed adj.暴露的;无遮蔽的 exposure n.暴露,揭露)
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Seeing us approaching,she smiled joyfully,____________ (expose) nice little teeth.
②Many people in China have limited ____________(expose) to English.(2021·浙江6月卷)
exposing
exposure
③If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→_______________________________________________________, you will get sunburnt.(现在分词短语作状语)
→_______________________________________________________, you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语)
Exposing yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer
Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)expose...to... 把……暴露在……,使……接触……
expose oneself to... 接触……;使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to 接触……;暴露于……
5.witness vt.当场见到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①The last ten years ________________(witness) great progress in space and sea exploration in our country.
②Anyone who witnessed to ____________(see) the accident yesterday should call the police.
has witnessed
seeing
③Your success in the competition _____________________________. (祝贺信)
你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。
④We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house.
→________________________________________________________for all of us.(无生命名词作主语)
is a witness to your hard work
The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)witness sth/that... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)be (a) witness to sth 是某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
6.accuse vt.控诉,控告;谴责;指责
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①For lack of solid evidence,the ________(accuse) was allowed to go free.
②The teenager ___________________________________________ the woman’s gold ring and the detective is working on the case.
这位青少年被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指,侦探正在调查此案。
accused
was accused of stealing/was charged with stealing
后牢记　用法归纳
accuse sb of...(=charge sb with...) 指责某人……;控告某人……
the accused 被告
7.case n.盒;箱;情况;案件;病例
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①We should be familiar with the traffic laws ____________case we get into trouble while driving.
②There are some cases ____________many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges.
③____________ is often the case,senior three students feel anxious and upset before important examinations.
in
where
As
④________________________________________________________,
or we’ll suffer endless pain.(倒装;倡议书)
无论如何我们都不应该违背自然规律,否则我们将遭受无尽的痛苦。
In no case should we go against the laws of nature
后牢记　用法归纳
in case 以防(万一)
in case of 万一……,如果发生……
in any case 无论如何;总之
in no case 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
8.freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态 (free adj.免费的;自由的;不受约束的;不受……影响的 adv.免费 vt.使自由;解放;释放)
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①When you’re riding on trains,_______________________________
_________________,even if your trip is an overnight one.(2023·浙江1月卷)
当你乘坐火车时,即使你是过夜旅行,也不会免费提供毯子。
you won’t be provided with a
blanket for free
②最使我满意的是我有选择所喜欢东西的自由。
→What satisfies me most is that ______________________________
________________________________________.(freedom)
→What satisfies me most is that ______________________________. (free)
I have the freedom to choose
what I like
I am free to choose what I like
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)have the freedom of.../to do sth 有(做)……的自由
(2)be free to do sth 自由做某事
set...free 释放……;使……获得自由
be free from/of... 不受……影响的;无……的
(3)free...from... 使摆脱;从……中解脱
(4)for free/free of charge 免费
9.carry out 实施;履行;贯彻
先运用　用carry短语填空/补全句子
①Lacking sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not ________________his mission.
②There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy was ____________________.
carry on with
carried out
③He rose to his feet on shaky legs,and _________________________
down the road.(动作描写)
他双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿路慢慢地走着。
④Despite the failure,the scientist believed his determination and hard work would _________________________________________.
尽管失败了,这位科学家相信他的决心和努力会帮助他渡过难关。
carried on walking slowly
carry him through
后牢记　用法归纳
carry on 继续(做)
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry on with sth 继续某事
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
10.while引导让步状语从句
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals,some of them are still being hunted and killed.虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物,但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。
先运用　语境辨义/补全句子
①50% of the students watch English movies while only 18% read English books.(2022·全国乙卷) ______________________
conj.然而(表示对比转折)
②While online learning proves useful,there exist some disadvantages.(2021·全国乙卷)______________
③They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.___________
④I enjoyed myself a lot surrounded by nature outdoors, _________________________________.(告知信;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在户外被大自然包围的同时表达我的创造力,我很享受我自己。
conj.虽然;尽管
n.一段时间
while expressing my creativity
后牢记　用法归纳
while的用法如下:
(1)用作从属连词,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折,不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。
(2)用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候;在……时”,引导时间状语从句,状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done,表“当做……/……被做时”。
(3)用作并列连词,意为“然而”,表示前后分句的对比转折。
(4)用作名词,意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”,如:for a while(暂时);in a while(过一会儿)。
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——关于“网络暴力”的短文
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假定你是高中生李华,你校最近开展了有关“网络暴力(Cyber Violence)”的英语博客作文比赛,这种新颖的形式吸引了很多学生来参加。请根据下面要点写一篇博文。
1.在网络上人们遭受到攻击;
2.监管部门加强监管;做负责任网民;
3.实行实名制,同时出台法律应对网络暴力;
4.个人看法。
Cyber Violence
In an era when the Internet dominates our lives,cyber violence has become prevalent.Many people are attacked online, 1.__________________________________________________________ (暴力的言行像野火一样蔓延;with复合结构).
with violent words and deeds spreading like wildfire
Regulatory authorities need 2._____________________________
_________________________________(进行调查并加强管控,以防止这类违法行为).We should be responsible netizens and not participate in cyber violence.
It is advisable to implement a real-name system. Moreover, 3._________________________________(应该出台相关法律;被动语态) to severely punish those who commit cyber violence.
to investigate and strengthen
control to prevent such illegal acts
relevant laws should be introduced
In my view,cyber violence 4._______________________________
(就像是一种隐藏的犯罪).We must take action to stop it to ensure a clean and friendly online world.
is like a hidden crime
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:校门口出现交通堵塞→看到这个情况并考虑到汽车尾气对环境的污染,Leo和Matt决定采取行动解决这个问题→一起讨论,制订出计划:鼓励学生拼车、骑自行车或步行上学,并实行奖励措施……
场景续写1:把计划交给学校当局→学校接纳了他们的计划→着手推进新措施→新措施逐步落实,取得了良好的效果
With their plan in hand, Leo and Matt presented it to the school authorities.__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They were impressed with the students’ initiative and agreed to support their efforts.The school announced the new measures and encouraged everyone to participate.As the weeks progressed, the carpool system took shape, and more students started sharing rides.The bike racks were installed, and more students were seen cycling to school.The rewards system also proved to be a hit.Students who carpooled, cycled, or walked to school were rewarded with points that could be used for prizes, adding a fun element to the initiative and further motivating students to participate.
场景续写2:学校的交通拥堵有了明显的改善→给周围的人和社区带来积极的影响→他们的计划和努力影响到更多的人,让其他人也开始参与到可持续发展中来
A few months passing by,the school traffic congestion had significantly improved.________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The narrow streets were no longer clogged, and the air was clearer.Everyone was happier, and the school community felt more connected and environmentally responsible.They had not only solved a long-standing problem but also instilled a sense of sustainability and teamwork among their peers.Their story spread throughout the school and beyond, inspiring other students to take action and make a positive impact in their own communities.Efforts of responsibility and sustainability have finally paid off.
主题阅读 综合运用
(2023·全国甲卷)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg,occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more,they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously,if precautions (预防) aren’t taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化——对灰熊的保护
32.How do Americans look at grizzlies
A.They cause mixed feelings in people.
B.They should be kept in national parks.
C.They are of high scientific value.
D.They are a symbol of American culture.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可见,人们对它们的感情很复杂,故选A项。
√
33.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A.The European settlers’ behavior.
B.The expansion of bears’ range.
C.The protection by law since 1975.
D.The support of Native Americans.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段尾句和第四段首句可以推断,灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的法律保护息息相关,故选C项。
√
34.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A.The opposition of conservation groups.
B.The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C.The voice of the biologists.
D.The local farmers’ advocates.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.”可知,动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名,故选A项。
√
35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.”可以推断,人类可以和灰熊和谐共处,故选B项。
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[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.conflicted adj. 矛盾的,因心理冲突而不知所措的
2.psyche n. 精神;心灵;灵魂;心态
3.frightening adj. 令人害怕的
4.re-occupy v. 再占领(建筑、地区等)
5.expand v. 扩大;扩展(业务)
6.increasingly adv. 越来越多地;不断增加地
7.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗略的;大致的
8.delist v. 把……从清单中删除
9.loosen v. (使)放松;变松
10.overturn v. 推翻,撤销(判决等);倾倒;倾覆
11.lawsuit n. 诉讼;起诉
12.conservation n. 保护;保持;文物保护
13.troublesome adj.令人烦恼的;讨厌的;令人痛苦的
14.flood into 涌入
15.for now 目前,现在
16.be effective at 在……方面有效
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
voice [熟义] n.嗓音,说话声
[生义]_______________________________
We should listen attentively to the voice of the common people expressing their concerns.
n.意见,呼声
(三)由文本学长难句分析
1.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
分析:本句是一个并列复合句。句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词____________,并在从句中作主语。what引导宾语从句,作____________的直接宾语。
句意:_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
tourists
ask
询问那些涌入黄石国家公园的世界各地的游客们,他们最希望看到什么,他们的回答往往是一样的:灰熊。
2.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导____________从句。which引导________________从句,指代逗号前面提到的内容,即...the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies。
句意:_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
结果状语
非限制性定语
它们(灰熊的数量)的恢复是如此成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次尝试将灰熊从濒危物种名录上除名,这将放松法律保护,允许人们猎杀。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Over the last seven years,most states have banned texting by drivers,and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.Americans are still texting while driving,as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents,which had fallen for years,are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more,but Mark Rosekind,the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrat-ion,said distracted (分心)driving was “only increasing, unfortunately”.
“Big change requires big ideas,”he said in a speech last month,referring broadly to the need to improve road safety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior,lawmak-ers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,”he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——法治意识——判断司机开车时是否使用了手机
1.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.
C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中“Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.”可推知,美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。ineffective无效的。
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2.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A.Where a driver came from.
B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going.
D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine...hands-free driving laws.”可知,Textalyzer能够帮助警察查明司机是否使用了手机。
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3.What does the underlined word “some-thing” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior.”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes...hands on the cell phone.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是“法律”。
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4.What is a suitable title for the text
A.To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B.Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C.New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D.The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知,虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机,可是问题却越来越严重。为了解决该问题,纽约立法者提出了利用Textalyzer来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案,由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项最适合作文章的标题。
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(2025·黑龙江佳木斯高三三模)
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产),in particular the narrow streets known as hutong.
Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China,but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs,most of which are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago,the number was 3,250.In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng,some people will be asked to move from hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning,adding that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritage worked.The head of the Xicheng district government said the area has 182 cultural relics,many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage,especially hutongs,and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”
No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——法律意识——保护北京胡同
5.How many hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing
A.Fewer than 1,000. B.About 2,000.
C.More than 3,000. D.Over 4,000.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二、三句可知,北京胡同的数量由60年前的3 250 条减少至现在的不到1 000条,共减少了大约2 000条。
√
6.According to Paragraph 3,which of the following is the main reason for the damage to cultural relics
A.People’s activity. B.Residents’ attitude.
C.Communities’ behavior. D.The government’s policy.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics”和末句“hutongs should be protected from human damage”可知,文化遗迹遭到破坏的主要因素是人们的活动。
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7.Which of the following is a useful way to protect hutongs
A.To attract more visitors.
B.To forbid everyone from getting close to it.
C.To increase the local population.
D.To punish anyone damaging it.
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”可知,对破坏胡同的行为实施惩罚是保护胡同比较有用的措施。
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8.What is the author’s attitude toward hutongs
A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.
C.Uninterested. D.Appreciative.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“No one knows for sure how many hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.”可知,作者对胡同未来的命运深感担忧,持悲观态度。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练题)
For most of history,people lived in small groups of up to 150 people.Then villages and small towns developed,offering safety and support through the sharing of resources.As time passed,urban living brought additional advantages such as better jobs,schools and healthcare.Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact.This is important.__1___
Today,over half of the world’s population currently lives in towns and cities.But this has resulted in a strange paradox (悖论).Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities,research suggests that city life can be lonely.__2__ People from all over the world can join online communities and make virtual friends without leaving their home.
The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s.Back then,telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances.__3__ Later,in the 1960s,radios started to provide a means of short-distance communication and developed communities with their own unique language and usernames.
__4__ Computers were not very powerful yet,so people could post messages and share news and stories but not music or photos.Still,people loved being able to make friends online and then hang out with them.As technology became more powerful,online communities for fun,education and business emerged,where people could explore a virtual 3D world,have online lessons,and even buy things with virtual money.
These days,there are thousands of virtual communities and that number keeps growing.Many people believe they will become more important.__5__ Particularly,they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy.So perhaps the future will be more like the past.People will spend most of their time in real communities.
A.This trend,however,is not likely to continue.
B.As Aristotle said,the nature of humans is to be social.
C.That may explain why virtual communities are so popular.
D.The first popular online communities developed in the 1980s.
E.Before cell phones existed,radio was an easy way to communicate.
F.Nevertheless,others worry about problems with these communities.
G.This is among the earliest examples of virtual community interactions.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——信息技术创新——虚拟社区
1.B　 [根据上文的“Larger towns also gave people...is important.”可知,较大的城镇为人们提供的更多见面和互动的机会很重要,B项“正如亚里士多德所说,人类的本性是社会性的。”解释了上一句“这很重要”的原因,故选B项。]
2.C　 [根据上文中的“Although social opportunities are...city life can be lonely.”可知,尽管社交机会是人们选择住在大城市的原因之一,但研究表明,城市生活也可能是孤独的。再结合下文中的“People from all over the world...without leaving their home.”可知,来自世界各地的人们足不出户就可以加入在线社区,结交虚拟朋友。因此空处应起到承上启下的作用。C项“这也许可以解释为什么虚拟社区如此受欢迎。”与上下文衔接紧密,故选C项。]
3.G　 [根据上文中的“The development of virtual communities...formed friendships over long distances.”可知,虚拟社区的发展可以追溯到19世纪60年代。当时,电报员交换信息,远距离的友谊逐渐建立。由此可知,此处介绍的是虚拟社区的发展历史。G项“这是虚拟社区互动最早的例子之一。”符合语境,故选G项。]
4.D　 [根据下文中的“Computers were not very powerful...hang out with them.”以及“As technology became more powerful...business emerged”可知,本段主要介绍的是在线社区的发展历史,D项“第一批流行的在线社区出现在20世纪80年代。”符合语境,故选D项。]
5.F　 [根据上文中的“Many people believe they will become more important.”和下文中的“Particularly,they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy.”可知,空处与上文存在语意上的转折关系,且与人们的担忧有关。F项“然而,其他人担心这些社区的问题。”符合语境,故选F项。 ]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·广东七校联合体高三联考)
Jennifer Webb-McRae always knew what she wanted to be when she grew up.
She really never wanted to be anything else __1__ a lawyer when she grew up and that was because her family kind of put that idea in her head.They used to say she __2__ every point,so she should grow up and be a lawyer.
Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there.__3__,Webb-McRae was interested in family law,so she clerked for a judge __4__ in that field.Later,she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年的) justice system.During that time,she found she had a __5__ for criminal law and decided to work for that.
Now,she feels fortunate to get a job representing juvenile defendants.Her responsibilities are complex and she says she has a role to __6__ in this system.She works to help people make good choices,__7__ when they are young.She recognizes the power of peer pressure that children face.She __8__ the strong “no-snitching (禁止告密)” culture among young people that can block needed intervention.
To __9__ this disturbing and worrying situation,Webb-McRae __10__ an Annual Back to School Initiative.After just six years in __11__,the program now involves 40 schools.Earlier this year,Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.She thinks everyone has a right to __12__ the justice system is fair.
“Our justice system certainly is not __13__,but I’m passionate about doing my little __14__ to make it better.I believe in action and moving the ball forward.” Webb-McRae hopes her example will __15__ girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——法律意识——对法律的不断研究
1.A.against B.besides C.but D.from
解析　根据下文的“Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there.”可知,此处表示Webb-McRae只想当律师,故选C。
2.A.argued B.consulted C.made D.supported
解析　根据下文的“so she should grow up and be a lawyer”和常识可知,律师会对每一个观点进行辩论,因此此处表示她会争论每一个观点,故选A。consult “咨询,请教”;support “支持”。
√
√
3.A.Before long B.Early on
C.At the same time D.Once in a while
解析　根据下文的“Later,she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年的) justice system.”可知,此处在讲她毕业后早期的职业生涯。故选B。before long “不久”;early on “在早期”;at the same time “同时”;once in a while “偶尔”。
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4.A.caught B.blessed C.involved D.trapped
解析　Webb-McRae对家庭法感兴趣,所以她为一位涉及该领域的法官做书记员。involve “涉及,使参与”,故选C。bless “祝福”;trap “困住”。
5.A.motive B.passion C.demand D.tolerance
解析　根据下文的“for criminal law and decided to work for that”可知,Webb-McRae决定从事刑法方面的工作,这是因为她发现自己热爱刑法。故选B。motive “动机”;passion “激情;热爱”;demand “要求”;tolerance “忍受”。
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6.A.bring B.direct C.take D.play
解析　根据下文的“She works to help people make good choices,________ when they are young.”可知,她说自己在这个体系中可以发挥作用。play a role in... “在……中发挥作用”。故选D。direct “指导”。
7.A.truly B.obviously C.especially D.certainly
解析　根据下文的“when they are young”并结合常识可知,她帮助人们做出好的选择,尤其是年轻人更需要她帮忙做好选择。especially “特别,尤其”,故选C。truly “真正地”;obviously “显然”;certainly “当然”。
√
√
8.A.acquires B.notes C.predicts D.follows
解析　根据下文的“the strong ‘no-snitching (禁止告密)’ culture among young people that can block needed intervention”可知,年轻人中强烈的“禁止告密”文化可能会阻碍必要的干预是她指出的内容。故选B。acquire “获得”;note “指出”;predict “预测”;follow “跟随”。
9.A.track B.battle C.seek D.question
解析　根据下文的“this disturbing and worrying situation”以及她发起倡议可知,发起倡议是为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况发生,此处battle作动词,表示“阻止”,属于熟词生义的用法。track “跟踪”;seek “寻找”;question “质疑”。
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√
10.A.instructed B.assumed C.programmed D.launched
解析　结合上题解析可知,为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况发生,Webb-McRae发起了一项“年度返校倡议”。故选D。instruct “指示”;assume “认为”;programme “预调,计划,安排”;launch “发起”。
11.A.existence B.suggestion C.treatment D.expectation
解析　根据上文的“After just six years in”以及下文的“the program now involves 40 schools”可知,这个倡议已涉及40所学校,它已经存在了6年。故选A。existence “存在”;suggestion “建议”;treatment “治疗”;expectation “期待”。
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12.A.figure out B.point out C.make sure D.make sense
解析　根据上文的“Earlier this year,Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.”以及下文的“the justice system is fair”可知,Webb-McRae启动了一个社区参与系列活动,因为她认为每个人都有权利确保司法系统是公平的。故选C。figure out “弄清楚”;point out “指出”;make sure “确保”;make sense “有意义”。
13.A.complete B.persuasive C.perfect D.reliable
解析　根据下文的“make it better”可知,她要让司法系统变得更好,这说明目前司法系统并不完美,故选C。complete “完全的”;persuasive “有说服力的”;perfect “完美的”;reliable “可靠的”。
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14.A.career B.part C.mission D.thing
解析　根据上文的“I’m passionate about doing my little”可知,Webb-McRae想要尽自己的一份力让司法系统变得更好。do one’s part “尽自己的职责”。故选B。
15.A.teach B.inspire C.help D.attract
解析　根据下文的“girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams”以及Webb-McRae实现了自己一直以来当律师的梦想可知,Webb-McRae希望她的例子能激励新泽西州的女孩们去追求自己的梦想。故选B。inspire “激励,鼓舞”;attract “吸引”。
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Ⅳ. 语法填空
(2025·开封高三第一次模拟)
“The Chinese language 1.____________ (become) popular among Lebanese students in the past five years,” says Antoine Hokayem,a professor and local director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Saint Joseph (USJ).
“In the past,Lebanese students used to register for the Chinese language as an 2.____________ (elect) course.Today,we receive students from the USJ and other universities who aim to learn the language to either work in China 3.____________ continue their education in the East Asian countries,” Hokayem said on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the institute.
Engineering and telecommunication students are among the people who are most interested in the language as they aim 4.____________(continue) their higher education in China.Other students attend the institute’s courses with the intention of providing 5.____________ (assist) for their parents who are engaged 6.____________ trade activities with Chinese partners.
“We have small children who learn the language and speak 7.____________ (fluent) with their Chinese teachers.More than half of our students now come from outside our university.”
8.____________ (found) in 2006 through a partnership between China’s Shenyang Normal University and the USJ,the Confucius Institute at the USJ was selected as one of the 9.____________ (good) Confucius Institutes in the world for its cultural and social activities.In recent years,the institute has held lectures 10.____________ cover topics including China’s economy and cultural values as well as Peking Opera and the Belt and Road Initiative.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——跨文化沟通——黎马嫩学生学习中文
1.has become　 [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知,时态用现在完成时;又因主语The Chinese language表示第三人称单数概念,故填has become。]
2.elective　 [考查词性转换。空前是不定冠词an,空后是名词,故空处应用形容词修饰名词。故填elective “选修的,可选择的”。]
3.or　 [考查并列连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处形成了either...or...结构,意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。]
4.to continue　 [考查非谓语动词。考查固定短语aim to do “力求达到”,故填to continue。]
5.assistance　 [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作providing的宾语。故填assistance。]
6.in　 [考查介词。考查固定短语be engaged in “从事”,故填in。]
7.fluently　 [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处应用副词修饰动词speak。故填fluently。]
8.Founded　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,found与其逻辑主语the Confucius Institute之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,注意首字母大写。故填Founded。]
9.best　 [考查比较等级。句意:USJ孔子学院于2006年由中国的沈阳师范大学与USJ合作成立,因其文化和社会活动被选为世界上最好的孔子学院之一。根据句意和空前定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词。故填best。]
10.that/which　 [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是表示物的lectures,从句中缺少主语,故填that/which。 ]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·南京高三二模)
When we are little kids,birthday parties are momentous occasions.They are our time to shine,and we love everything about them:the balloons,the games,the cake,the gifts,and so on.
After reading cool stories about police officers solving mysteries,Allen Miller thought the police were awesome,hoping to become one of them!So,when he had to choose a theme for his seventh birthday party—he went with his favorite:the police!And all he wanted for his birthday party was a model police car.He excitedly invited some of his friends and anxiously awaited the day.Unfortunately,none of them could make it to the party due to various reasons.
Allen’s mom Rachel wrestled with the challenging decision:should she cancel the party and save Allen the embarrassment of an empty party room He had been looking forward to the party and talking about it daily,so it would break his heart to cancel it.
Officer Frank Smith,who had already planned with Rachel and agreed to show up at the party,heard from Rachel that it might be canceled due to low attendance.That’s when he decided to save the day—he is a police officer after all!His duty is to serve and protect,and he decided to protect Allen from having a bad day,and serve him the most amazing seventh birthday party!Officer Smith got the whole local police to join in.“We like to be involved in our community.It’s not just about enforcing (执行) the law.We like to be there in the good times as well,” he explained to Rachel.
On the day of Allen’s party,Officer Smith picked up Rachel and Allen in his police car.The boy didn’t know where they were going,but was excited.They stopped at Town Hall,and officer Smith led them into the meeting room where a group of policemen were waiting to wish Allen a happy birthday.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
There,a party was waiting for him.__________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After they enjoyed the cake,Officer Smith took out a gift bag. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
There,a party was waiting for him.The moment Allen stepped inside,a chorus of “Happy Birthday” filled the meeting room,and he found himself surrounded by lots of police officers holding balloons.Officer Smith introduced him to all the officers,who gave him high fives.Allen was thrilled,and his eyes sparkled with excitement as he looked at the grand police-themed cake.As Allen cut into the cake with the help of his mom,the room erupted into cheers and laughter,adding to the joyful atmosphere.
After they enjoyed the cake,Officer Smith took out a gift bag.“It’s for you.” He presented the delicately wrapped parcel to Allen,who was stunned by the surprise.“Wow,a model police car!It looks exactly like the one we came here in!Thank you!” Officer Smith smiled,“Anytime,Allen.” Allen hugged Officer Smith and thanked him again for making the otherwise crushing disappointment his time to shine.It was the local heroes who helped by being part of the community and inspiring the young soul in small but effective ways.

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