资源简介

主题语境三　人与自然
主题群七　自然生态
主题26　主要国家地理概况
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey across a vast land; 选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic attractions
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、地理特征、自然景观
1.altitude n.　　　　 海拔(高度)
2.awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
3.basin n. 盆地;盆,洗脸盆;流域
4.border n. 国界;边界(地区)
5.climate n. 气候;倾向;风气
6.contain vt. 包含,容纳;控制
container n. 容器;集装箱
7.continent n. 大洲;大陆
continental adj. 大洲的;大陆的
8.contrary n. 相反的事实
adj. 相反的;截然不同的
contrarily adv. 相反地;反之
9.cover vt. 遮盖;覆盖;包括;涉及;处理;报道;足以支付
n. 掩护;覆盖物;封面
coverage n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
10.desert n. 沙漠;荒原
vt. 遗弃;抛弃;放弃
desertification n. (土地的)沙漠化
11.dimension n. 方面,侧面;规模,程度
12.domestic adj. 国内的,本国的;家用的,
家庭的
13.earthquake n. 地震
14.ecosystem n. 生态系统
15.environment n. 自然环境,生态环境;周围状况
environmental adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的
16.grand adj. 宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的
17.landscape n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色
18.ocean n. 大海;海洋
19.plain n. 平原
adj. 朴素的;简单的;清楚的
20.plateau n. 高原
21.polar adj. 极地的,来自极地的
22.range n. 山脉;一系列;范围
vi. 包括;(在一定范围内)变化
23.region n. 地区,区域
24.rural adj. 农村的,乡村的;有乡村特色的
25.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt. 使震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 感到震惊的
26.shore n. (海、湖、河等的)岸
27.splendid adj. 极好的;壮丽的;辉煌的
28.suburb n. 郊区,近郊,城郊
29.temperature n. 温度,气温;体温
30.transport n. 运输;搬运;交通运输系统;交通工具
vt. 运输;输送;搬运
transportation n. 运输;交通运输系统;运输工具
31.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
32.valley n. 山谷
33.view n. 看法;视线;景色
vt. 把……视为;观看
34.volcano n. 火山
35.zone n. 地区,地带
二、民族、人民
1.citizenship n. 公民身份;公民资格;公民义务
citizen n. 市民,城镇居民;公民,国民
2.civil adj. 有礼貌的;公民的;民用的
civilian n. 平民,百姓(区别于军、警)
adj. 平民的,民用的
civilization n. 文明
3.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
4.mass n. 团;堆;许多,大量;群众,平民百姓
massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
5.minority n. 少数派;少数
minor adj. 次要的;较小的
6.nationality n. 族,民族;国籍
7.racial adj. 种族的;人种的
race n. 种族,人种;赛事,赛跑
vt.& vi. 使参加比赛;和……竞赛;疾走
8.resident n. 居民,住户
9.treat vt. 治疗;对待
n. 款待;乐事
treatment n. 治疗;疗法;对待方式
三、主题词块
1.cover an area of 占地面积为……
2.take on a new look 呈现新面貌
3.have a population of 有……人口
4.in the distance 在远处
5.dry up 枯竭;耗尽;干涸
6.a string of 一串
7.at the edge of 在……的边缘
8.be home to 为……的所在地;是……的家乡
9.a flock of 一群
10.consist of 由……组成(或构成)
11.a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量)
12.in contact with 保持联系;有联系
13.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
14.be impressed with... 对……印象深刻
15.as far as 远到……
16.be surrounded by/with 为……所包围;环绕
17.be well known for/as 因为/作为……而出名
18.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;使某人大吃一惊
四、主题佳句
1.过去分词短语作状语
Located to the south of the equator,below many other countries on the globe,it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南,在地球上很多其他国家的下方,它常被非正式地称为“down under”。
2.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地去做某事
Autumn is the tourist peak season in Yunnan Province,so I can’t wait to enjoy its beautiful scenery.
秋天是云南省的旅游旺季,因此我迫不及待地去欣赏它美丽的风景。
3.不定式短语作目的状语
To survive in this vast land on the ocean,the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.
为了在这片广阔的海洋陆地上生存,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切联系。
4.动词-ing形式短语作主语
For some people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental (environment) awareness,and healthy lifestyles.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.They could not afford to pay for transportation (transport) for their dog,Tiffy,and desperately wanted to take her with them.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.Plastic plates,cups and containers (contain) take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America’s landfills.
4.Linda was so shocked (shock) that she stopped suddenly and the car behind crashed into hers.
5.Some minority (minor) communities stick to the extended family structure,and it is common to find that three generations are living together in an Indian family.
6.The news that large numbers of civilians (civil) were killed in the air strikes was given out through the radio.
7.He also gives lectures about the fight against desertification (desert) at schools of Alshaa League,hoping to raise awareness among young people.
8.China has 24.02 percent of its territory covered by forest and tops the fifth globally in terms of forest resource coverage (cover).
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出view的汉语意思
A.n.景色;风景　B.n.视野　C.n.观点;见解;看法　D.vt.观看;观赏　E.vt.看待;对待
①Also,people aren’t willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing information online.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)C
②There is no doubt that these mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.D
③You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)E
④Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A
⑤These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.(2021·全国乙卷)B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①A single sugary treat,selected by the child,was placed on a table.(2024·浙江1月卷)n.款待
②At the sight of the fascinating scenery,I couldn’t contain my excitement any longer.vt.控制
③He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.vt.抛弃;离弃
④Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)vt.足以支付;够付
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.The Baltimore Museum of Art is home to an internationally-renowned collection of 19th-century,modern,and contemporary art.
巴尔的摩艺术博物馆收藏着国际知名的19世纪、现代和当代艺术作品。
2.They took a taxi to Lake Louise,where the blue water literally took their breath away.
他们乘出租车去了露易丝湖,那里的蓝色湖水简直让他们惊叹不已。
3.There looking around in the distance,you will be astonished to find yourself admiring the fantastic views of beauty beyond beauty and scenery beyond scenery.
在那里远眺,你会惊讶地发现自己正在欣赏着超越美丽的美景和超越风景的风景。
4.Brazil covers an area of around 8.51 million square kilometers,with vast rainforests and diverse ecosystems.
巴西占地面积约为851万平方千米,拥有广袤的雨林和多样的生态系统。
5.Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked very spectacular.(过去分词短语作状语)
从火车窗口望去,加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。
6.To enjoy a whole new life in a big city,the young man went aboard the plane bound for Toronto.(不定式短语作目的状语)
为了在大城市享受全新的生活,这个年轻人登上了飞往多伦多的飞机。
【默写主题单词】
一、地理特征、自然景观
1.altitude n.　　　　 海拔(高度)
2.awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
3.basin n. 盆地;盆,洗脸盆;流域
4.border n. 国界;边界(地区)
5.climate n. 气候;倾向;风气
6.contain vt. 包含,容纳;控制
container n. 容器;集装箱
7.continent n. 大洲;大陆
continental adj. 大洲的;大陆的
8.contrary n. 相反的事实
adj. 相反的;截然不同的
contrarily adv. 相反地;反之
9.cover vt. 遮盖;覆盖;包括;涉及;处理;报道;足以支付
n. 掩护;覆盖物;封面
coverage n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
10.desert n. 沙漠;荒原
vt. 遗弃;抛弃;放弃
desertification n. (土地的)沙漠化
11.dimension n. 方面,侧面;规模,程度
12.domestic adj. 国内的,本国的;家用的,家庭的
13.earthquake n. 地震
14.ecosystem n. 生态系统
15.environment n. 自然环境,生态环境;周围状况
environmental adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的
16.grand adj. 宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的
17.landscape n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色
18.ocean n. 大海;海洋
19.plain n. 平原
adj. 朴素的;简单的;清楚的
20.plateau n. 高原
21.polar adj. 极地的,来自极地的
22.range n. 山脉;一系列;范围
vi. 包括;(在一定范围内)变化
23.region n. 地区,区域
24.rural adj. 农村的,乡村的;有乡村特色的
25.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt. 使震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 感到震惊的
26.shore n. (海、湖、河等的)岸
27.splendid adj. 极好的;壮丽的;辉煌的
28.suburb n. 郊区,近郊,城郊
29.temperature n. 温度,气温;体温
30.transport n. 运输;搬运;交通运输系统;交通工具
vt. 运输;输送;搬运
transportation n. 运输;交通运输系统;运输工具
31.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
32.valley n. 山谷
33.view n. 看法;视线;景色
vt. 把……视为;观看
34.volcano n. 火山
35.zone n. 地区,地带
二、民族、人民
1.citizenship n. 公民身份;公民资格;公民义务
citizen n. 市民,城镇居民;公民,国民
2.civil adj. 有礼貌的;公民的;民用的
civilian n. 平民,百姓(区别于军、警)
adj. 平民的,民用的
civilization n. 文明
3.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
4.mass n. 团;堆;许多,大量;群众,平民百姓
massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
5.minority n. 少数派;少数
minor adj. 次要的;较小的
6.nationality n. 族,民族;国籍
7.racial adj. 种族的;人种的
race n. 种族,人种;赛事,赛跑
vt.& vi. 使参加比赛;和……竞赛;疾走
8.resident n. 居民,住户
9.treat vt. 治疗;对待
n. 款待;乐事
treatment n. 治疗;疗法;对待方式
【默写主题词块】
1.cover an area of 占地面积为……
2.take on a new look 呈现新面貌
3.have a population of 有……人口
4.in the distance 在远处
5.dry up 枯竭;耗尽;干涸
6.a string of 一串
7.at the edge of 在……的边缘
8.be home to 为……的所在地;是……的家乡
9.a flock of 一群
10.consist of 由……组成(或构成)
11.a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量)
12.in contact with 保持联系;有联系
13.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
14.be impressed with... 对……印象深刻
15.as far as 远到……
16.be surrounded by/with 为……所包围;环绕
17.be well known for/as 因为/作为……而出名
18.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;使某人大吃一惊
【默写主题佳句】
1.Located to the south of the equator,below many other countries on the globe,it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.(过去分词短语作状语)
(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南,在地球上很多其他国家的下方,它常被非正式地称为“down under”。
2.Autumn is the tourist peak season in Yunnan Province,so I can’t wait to enjoy its beautiful scenery.(can’t wait to do sth)
秋天是云南省的旅游旺季,因此我迫不及待地去欣赏它美丽的风景。
3.To survive in this vast land on the ocean,the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.(不定式短语作目的状语)
为了在这片广阔的海洋陆地上生存,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切联系。
4.For some people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰(Qomolangma)是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
1.contain vt.包含;含有;容纳;克制;控制 (container n.容器;集装箱;货柜)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①It contains (contain) around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water containers (contain).
③At the sight of the messy room,my mother could not contain her anger,yelling at us.(情绪描写)
看到凌乱的房间,我妈妈抑制不住自己的愤怒,冲着我们大吼起来。
后牢记　用法归纳
contain oneself 克制自己
contain one’s excitement/anger 抑制某人的激动/愤怒
2.cover v.覆盖,掩盖;包含,包括;走完(一段路程);报道;足够支付 n.遮盖物;封面;自然植被
(coverage n.覆盖范围;报道 uncover v.揭开;揭发)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Covering (cover) 12 square kilometers,the Sanxingdui Ruins are believed to be remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
②Soon the land was all white,like a beautiful blanket,and the trees were covered with/by white quilts.
很快,大地就变成了白色,就像一张美丽的毯子,树上盖满了白色的被子。
③Arranged on the school playground from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm on April 19th,the activity will cover many different fields.(通知)
活动将于4月19日上午8时30分至下午4时30分在学校操场举行,活动将涉及多个不同的领域。
后牢记　用法归纳
cover...with... 用……覆盖……
be covered with/by 被……覆盖
cover an area of... 占地……
cover the cost of... 足够支付……的费用
3.range n.一系列;范围,界限;种类;山脉 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①When driving on highways,the driver should control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h to 120 km/h.
②With the stadium set up,a wide range of sports events are able to be held,which range from/ranging from ping-pong,football to running competitions.
随着这个体育场的落成,各种体育赛事得以举行,包括从乒乓球、足球到赛跑等。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)a full/wide range of... 大范围的……,各种……
in/within the range of... 在射程以内;在……范围内
out of/beyond range of... 在射程以外;在……范围外
(2)range from...to.../range between...and... 包括从……到……之间;在……到……之间变动
4.shock vt.使震惊 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 (shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
① In her first P.E.class,Eva was shocked (shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.(2024·浙江1月卷)
②I was shocked to hear (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was a shock to us.
③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江7月卷)
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in,which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked.(定语从句)
→What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(主语从句)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock 吃惊;震惊
(2)be shocked at sth/that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
5.view n.风景;视野;看法;见解 vt.观看;看待 (viewer n.观众,观看者)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①From my point of view,the film industry in China should make greater efforts to attract more viewers (view).
② A person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and does what he used to do in the present society is viewed as a “living Lei Feng”.(2023·天津3月卷)
一个继承雷锋精神,在当今社会做他过去常做的事的人,被视为“活雷锋”。
③As to the grouping for the coming oral English practice,I hold the view that it is not wise to assign students randomly.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
关于即将进行的英语口语练习的分组,我认为随机分配学生是不明智的。
④In view of the weather condition,we’d better change our arrangement so as to have a better view of the castle.
考虑到天气状况,我们最好改变一下安排,以便能更好地看到城堡。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in one’s view=from one’s point of view 在某人看来
in view of 考虑到;鉴于
have a good view of... 清楚地看到;饱览
hold the view of/that... 持有……观点
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
6.mass adj.大量的;大规模的n.团,块,堆;大量;(物理学术语)质量 (massive adj.巨大的;结实的;
非常严重的)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The masses are (be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being.
② In conclusion,these massive (mass) developments in transportation have significantly enhanced our quality of life and demonstrated the great power of science.(2024·全国甲卷)
③Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of colors.
有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。
后牢记　用法归纳
the masses 群众
a mass of/masses of 许多,大量
7.treat n.乐趣;款待 vt.对待;治疗;招待;款待 (treatment n.治疗;对待;处理)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①He became interested in alternative treatments (treat) 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②To our great relief,the patients are under good treatment in the central hospital.
③At the moment I treat the English newspaper Youth as my loyal friend.(短文投稿;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
现在我把英文报Youth当作我忠诚的朋友。
④I appeal to all the people to treat the disabled with respect because all are born equal.(倡议书)
我呼吁所有人尊敬地对待残疾人,因为所有人生而平等。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)treat sb/sth as... 把某人/某物看作……
treat sb to sth 用……招待某人,以……款待某人
treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人
(2)under treatment 在治疗中
8.consist of 由……组成
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Recently,a newly-furnished section,consisting (consist) of eight Group Learning Rooms,has been open to us students in our school library.(邀请信;2022·浙江6月卷)
②Bear in mind that life consists of/is composed of/is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.(主旨升华)
记住,生活不仅只有阳光,还有暴风雨。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be made up of/be composed of 由……组成
(2)consist in=lie in 存在于;在于
consist with 与……一致/相吻合
[点拨]　consist of、belong to、come into being、date back to、date from等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
9.动词-ing形式短语作主语
For some people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
先运用　补全句子/补全语段
①Discovering new natural landscapes is an exciting adventure for many travelers.
发现新的自然景观对许多旅行者来说是一场激动人心的冒险。
②In my opinion,it is a waste of time staying in the hotel all day during a trip.
在我看来,旅行期间整天呆在酒店里是浪费时间。
③His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.(心理描写)
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧,他羞愧地低着头。
④Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use feeling frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do right now.(心理描写)
在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的,找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。
后牢记　用法归纳
climbing Qomolangma在句中为动词-ing形式短语作主语。动词-ing形式短语作主语还有以下情况:
(1)it作形式主语:
It is useless/no use/no good doing sth 做某事没用
It is a waste of time doing sth 做某事浪费时间
(2)动词-ing形式的复合结构“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing”作主语
[应用文增分练]——介绍自己的家乡
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假如你是李华,你的朋友Jack要来你的家乡参观,请你根据下列要点写一篇电子邮件回复,介绍你的家乡。 1.自然环境(绿水青山,环境优美); 2.人文环境(交通便利,生活和谐); 3.表示欢迎。
Dear Jack,
I’m very glad to hear that you are going to pay a visit to my hometown.Now,I’d like to tell you something about it.
My hometown 1.is located in a valley (位于一个山谷之中),surrounded by grand mountains and covered with dense forests.The clear rivers flow gently through the town,2.creating an ecosystem that is rich in biodiversity (形成了一个生物多样性丰富的生态系统;现在分词短语作状语;定语从句).The landscape here is simply awesome,with natural beauty everywhere.In the distance,the mountain peaks seem to touch the sky,taking your breath away.
The town 3.has a well-developed transportation system (有着发达的交通系统),which makes it easy for residents to travel.The people here are civil and friendly.We live in harmony and it is a place 4.where ethnic cultures mix together (民族文化交融;定语从句).
I sincerely welcome you to visit my hometown.I’m sure you’ll have a great time here.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:Arnold和Iris想要收养Patrick这个孤儿,虽然他们是Patrick唯一愿意接触的夫妇,但儿童之家的负责人认为他们的经济水平不足以支撑孩子的费用,于是拒绝了他们的收养申请→为Patrick寻找到了他的姑姑→决定和Patrick见面,意识到Patrick需要一个温暖的家庭……
场景续写1:Arnold和Iris并没有放弃→他们努力赚钱,学习育儿知识,定期去探望Patrick→邀请Patrick和他姑姑去他们家做客,Patrick感觉自己被当作家人
Leaving the children’s home, the couple decided to continue to take good care of Patrick while working hard to earn money.They found part-time jobs in their spare time.Besides, they looked through books every day, trying to get information about how to take good care of children.Arnold and Iris constantly contacted Patrick’s aunt to learn about Patrick.They went to see him occasionally in spite of their busy life.Once in a while, the couple invited Patrick and his aunt to their home, where Patrick felt that he was treated as the family member.
场景续写2:Patrick的姑姑因为工作变动而不能继续抚养他了→这对夫妇又去申请收养Patrick→儿童之家的负责人认为他们的条件满足收养要求,他们顺利收养了Patrick→他们一家过着幸福的生活
One day, they heard Patrick’s aunt could no longer look after him due to work change.The couple applied to the children’s home again to adopt Patrick.Mrs.Ronald rechecked Arnold and Iris’s condition.This time, she confirmed that this couple were qualified.On a sunny afternoon, a car stopped in front of the couple’s house, out of which came Patrick.The little boy ran to them.The couple welcomed the new member of the family with great hugs.From then on, they lived together happily.
　　(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world,eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before,to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——南极洲之旅。
28.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一句中的“but always longed to explore further”可知,Ginni Bazlinton一直渴望探索更远的地方,这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情,故选A项。]
29.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins.
B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare.
D.A friend’s invitation.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego...‘I just decided I wanted to go,’ she says.”可知,她决定要去南极洲是因为在智利,她发现她能买到驶往南极洲的最后一刻的廉价船票,故选C项。]
30.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Ginni意识到这片珍贵的土地应该被人类尊重,即认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护,故选C项。]
31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案　B　[文章大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的最后一句“These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.”可知,南极洲之旅是Ginni永不会忘记的旅途,故选B项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.professional adj. 职业的,专业的
2.explore v. 考察,探索;探讨,探究
3.prefer v. 更喜欢
4.witness v. 目击,目睹;见证,经历(事件、变化等)
5.amazing adj. 惊人的
6.operatic adj. 歌剧的;歌剧风格的
7.realization n. 认识,领悟;(目标等的)实现
8.retire from 从……退休
9.take the plunge 决定冒险一试
10.leave an impression on 给……留下印象
11.rise out of 从……中升起
12.some prehistoric creature 某种史前生物
13.smile at 对……微笑
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
long [熟义] adj.长的;长久的,长期的
[生义] v.渴望
I’m longing to see you again.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
分析:本句为复合句。what was to be a trip为what引导的宾语从句;Ginni would never forget为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰trip。
句意:这些温柔可爱的接待员们迎接了Ginni,并开启了她终生难忘的一次旅行。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练)
Some beaches are perfect for relaxing,while others offer activities like hiking and water sports.Visit these beautiful beaches for an unforgettable vacation.
Cannon Beach
If your perfect beach vacation spot features postcard-worthy scenery and peace,look no further than Cannon Beach.In this Pacific Northwest town,you can even build a fire on the beach to relax beside while watching the sun set.When you need a break from the beach,grab a bike and head downtown to explore its art galleries,shops and restaurants.
Horseshoe Bay Beach
For a one-of-a-kind beach experience,head to Horseshoe Bay Beach on Bermuda’s South Shore.Known for its pink sand,this beach is a popular destination for families looking to play in the calm blue-green waters and build blush-colored sandcastles.Adventure seekers can also take part in the self-guided island bicycle tour or engage in exciting water sports.
Mohegan Bluffs
This beach is famous for its natural beauty.Upon arrival,pause to admire your surroundings and learn about its ties to the native people,their ancient traditions,and connection to the land,adding depth to your beach experience.Then,take the 141 steps down to the sand to sunbathe.After that,climb back up to visit the Southeast Light for an up-close view of its 19th-century lighthouse.
South Beach
This tropical district on Florida’s Atlantic Coast is world-renowned for its powdery white sand.Although technically part of the Miami Beach area,South Beach stands out due to its Art Deco architecture seen in everything from the beachfront lifeguard towers to the high-rise buildings along the famed Ocean Drive.
语篇类型:应用文
主题语境:人与自然——国家地理概况——美丽的海滩
1.What similarity do Cannon Beach and Horseshoe Bay Beach share
A.The chance to cycle around.
B.Their lively artistic scene.
C.The unique water sports.
D.Their distinctive sand color.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Cannon Beach部分中的“When you need a break...to explore its art galleries,shops and restaurants.”和Horseshoe Bay Beach部分中的“Adventure seekers can also take part in...exciting water sports.”可知,两个海滩的相似之处是都谈到了可以骑自行车四处游览,故选A项。]
2.Who is most likely attracted to Mohegan Bluffs
A.Those seeking water sports.
B.Fans of modern lighthouses.
C.Those interested in local culture.
D.Enthusiasts of mountain climbing.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据Mohegan Bluffs部分中的“Upon arrival,pause to admire your surroundings...adding depth to your beach experience.”可推知,对当地文化感兴趣的人最有可能被莫希干断崖所吸引,故选C项。]
3.What sets South Beach apart from the rest of the Miami Beach area
A.Its beach sand.
B.Its architectural style.
C.Its ocean drive.
D.Its high-rise buildings.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据South Beach部分中的“Although technically part of the Miami Beach area...to the high-rise buildings along the famed Ocean Drive.”可知,南海滩因其装饰艺术建筑而引人注目,海滨的救生塔和海洋大道沿线著名的高层建筑物都随处可见。由此可知,南海滩因其建筑风格脱颖而出,故选B项。]
(2025·沈阳高三质量监测三)
The Sahara is the world’s largest and most magic desert,but knowledge about it is surprisingly limited.Even estimates of when it formed vary widely,from more than five million years ago to mere thousands.Now,however,geologists studying wind-carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands have come closer to settling this:it is,they report,close to five million years old.
One reason for the uncertainty over the Sahara’s age is that researchers use different methods to estimate it.These include studying desert dust found in sediment (沉积物) under the Atlantic Ocean,analyzing sandstone and modeling the ancient climate.To help settle the uncertainty,Daniel Muhs,geomorphologist of the US Geological Survey,and his colleagues looked at sediment on Spain’s Canary Islands.They found evidence of Saharan dust.The dust appeared in ancient soil layers (层),whose age they assessed on the basis of fossils (化石) found in the same layers—and that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.The researchers reported their findings in November in Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.
“The conclusion of the study is very good,” says Zhongshi Zhang,a climate modeler at the University of Bergen in Norway,who was not involved in the work.“Because the dust found on the islands is distinct from the ocean’s record,” Zhang adds,“it helps to build the case for a five-million-year age.”
The Sahara is the biggest source of wind-carried dust in the world—and that dust’s journey does not end in the Canary Islands,which lie just off the western coast of Africa.It continues on to places such as the Amazon rainforest in South America,Daniel notes.Amazon soils are poor in nutrients,and he says the new results help to show how rich dust from Africa could have been supporting the South American region’s incredible biodiversity for millions of years—adding to the Amazon’s own origin story.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然科学研究成果——估算撒哈拉沙漠形成时间
4.How did Daniel settle the formation time of the Sahara
A.By modeling the ancient climate in Spain’s islands.
B.By studying the desert dust under the Atlantic Ocean.
C.By assessing the age of the dust in ancient soil layers.
D.By analyzing the wind-carried sandstone in the Sahara.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的后半段可知,为了帮助解决对撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间不确定性,Daniel和他的同事研究了西班牙加那利群岛的沉积物,在那里他们发现了撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据,这种尘土出现在古代的土壤层中。他们以同一个土壤层发现的化石为根据,评估尘土的年龄,发现其年龄与早期的海洋沉积物的研究结果相吻合。由此可知,Daniel通过评估古代土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间,故选C。]
5.What do the underlined words “their findings” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The appearance of the dust.
B.The formation of two layers.
C.The age of the Saharan dust.
D.The agreement of two layers.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They found evidence of Saharan dust...that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.”,再结合第4题答案可知,Daniel通过评估古土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间,由此可知,“their findings”指代上文提及的“撒哈拉尘土的年龄”,故选C。]
6.What contributes to the biodiversity of the South America
A.The Saharan dust.
B.The Amazon soils.
C.The Amazon rainforest.
D.The coastal waters.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Amazon soils are poor in nutrients...the South American region’s incredible biodiversity for millions of years”可知,亚马孙土壤营养贫乏,而新的研究结果有助于揭示,来自非洲的肥沃尘土是如何在数百万年间促成南美洲地区惊人的生物多样性的,故选A。]
7.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.The Study of the Sahara
B.The Birth of the Sahara
C.The Source of the Sahara
D.The Effect of the Sahara
答案　B　[标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的“geologists studying wind-carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands...close to five million years old”可知,本文主要介绍了地质学家研究加那利群岛的沉积物,发现撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据,通过评估古代土壤层中撒哈拉沙漠尘土的年龄,确定撒哈拉沙漠有近500万年的历史,故B项“撒哈拉沙漠的诞生”最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·邵阳高三二模)
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans.　1　
　2　 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves,low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago,and a billion people would lose food or income.However,reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae(海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素) that force those coral to leave.This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help,such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.　3　Without carbon reduction and decline in local coral-killing pollution,even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
　4　Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.　5　Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction,the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A.Corals are useful to people.
B.But there are grounds for optimism.
C.And they host a quarter of marine species.
D.It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E.Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F.This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G.However,the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——环境保护——保护珊瑚礁
1.C　[根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity.”可知,此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港,C项同样描述前文语境,切合文意,故选C项。]
2.A　[根据后文“Without the protection which...people would lose food or income.”可知,此处是在说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处,切合文意,起到引出后文的作用,故选A项。]
3.G　[根据前文“Research groups around the...such corals to create a new type.”和后文“Without carbon reduction and...will not survive the century.”可知,此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可,故选G项。]
4.B　[根据后文“Carbon targets are being set...starting to act together.”可知,此处是指情况也有好的趋势,B项切合文意,起到承上启下的作用,故选B项。]
5.D　[根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知,此处是指自然活动和人为干预的结合非常重要,可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。D项切合文意,符合语境,故选D项。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·甘肃高考诊断)
I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper.“You can’t go there,” the innkeeper 　1　 me.“The viewing platform has been closed due to 　2　 that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment,we 　3　 an alternative:a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”.Initially,we were 　4　 to run the risk.However,I had 　5　 the tourism motto in the nature reserve,“If you don’t do it now,you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group 　6　 decided to venture into the forest.The innkeeper responded with a knowing 　7　,“Great.Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning,we set off with a local 　8　. Rain came and went three times,and before I actually 　9　 to climb over the first mountain,I had already got wet to the skin.I was a walking 　10　 of mud and water.
Our guide,in his 50s,behaved like a botanist,introducing the locally specific plants to us,but I was hardly in the 　11　.Every step sank into the muddy,sucking ground.Every log or rock in front of us was a physical 　12　.“One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured,reciting that millennium-old 　13　,over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our 　14　.Thinking of them leading to an unknown world,I began to 　15　 the road that I could control even more.Most of the time,we were wandering in green chaos without any obvious landmarks.
Not too bad.We finished the trek in seven and a half hours.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与环境——在“漏斗森林”探险的经历
1.A.answered B.told
C.followed D.favored
答案　B　[空前讲到了作者看到一张茂兰喀斯特的照片并拿给旅店老板看,老板告诉(told)作者“你不能去那里”并讲述了原因。]
2.A.news B.matters
C.concerns D.conclusions
答案　C　[由于担心(concerns)太多的游客可能会造成地质破坏,所以观景台被关闭了。]
3.A.worked out B.took in
C.set down D.ruled out
答案　A　[根据上文可知,尽管作者一行由于无法去观景台而很失望,但他们想出了(worked out)七小时徒步穿越“漏斗森林”的替代方案。]
4.A.unwilling B.surprised
C.calm D.inspired
答案　A　[下文转折部分讲到了作者在注意到自然保护区的旅游箴言之后决定去森林冒险。由此可见,起初作者一行不愿意(unwilling)去冒这个险。]
5.A.forgotten B.promoted
C.interpreted D.noticed
答案　D　[根据下文中的“decided to venture into the forest”可知,作者之前注意到了(noticed)自然保护区里的旅游箴言。]
6.A.shortly B.lately
C.eventually D.suddenly
答案　C　[上文讲到了起初作者一行不愿意去冒险,但在看了旅游箴言之后,他们最终(eventually)决定去冒险。]
7.A.taste B.tone
C.smile D.sigh
答案　C　[根据空后的“Great. Bear Grylls went there”可知,旅店老板对他们的决定应是赞同的,因此,他是面带微笑(smile)地回应的。]
8.A.botanist B.keeper
C.farmer D.guide
答案　D　[此处考查词汇复现,呼应下文中的“Our guide”。作者几人和一个当地向导(guide)一起出发了。]
9.A.managed B.decided
C.planned D.agreed
答案　A　[根据上文中的“Rain came and went three times”和下文中的“I had already got wet to the skin”可以推测,面对恶劣的天气状况,作者在真正成功(managed)地翻过第一座山之前就已经浑身湿透了。]
10.A.visitor B.mixture
C.log D.stranger
答案　B　[根据上文中的“I had already got wet to the skin”可知,作者的身上湿透了,就像是一个行走的泥水混合体(mixture)。]
11.A.eagerness B.mood
C.humor D.pity
答案　B　[上文讲到了向导像一个植物学家一样给作者一行介绍当地特有的植物,结合下文中的“Every step sank into the muddy,sucking ground.”可以推测,作者并没有心情(mood)去听。]
12.A.contact B.energy
C.activity D.challenge
答案　D　[上文讲到了这里的土地非常泥泞,所以路上的每个原木或石块对作者一行来说都是一种体力上的挑战(challenge)。]
13.A.prediction B.line
C.deal D.secret
答案　B　[空处指“One can never reach those places without strong willpower”(如果没有坚强的意志力,你就永远无法到达那些地方)这句话(line)。]
14.A.route B landmark
C.platform D.rock
答案　A　[作者一行是在穿越森林的路上,所以这些落水洞和通往地下河的入口应是不断出现在他们前进的路线上(route)的。]
15.A.guarantee B.ignore
C.doubt D.appreciate
答案　D　[根据空前的“Thinking of them leading to an unknown world”可知,作者开始更加感激(appreciate)这条自己能够掌控的路。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测)
Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　　 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　　　(block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　　　　　　(size)—from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.　　　　　　(attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.　　　　　　(catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6.　　　　　　(true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position,8.　　　　　　(regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　　　　　(contain)many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——国家地理概况——敦煌
1.in　[考查介词。考查固定短语be interested in,故填介词in。]
2.is blocked　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺谓语动词;此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语The entrance与block是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数,故填is blocked。]
3.sizes　[考查名词的数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填sizes。]
4.attention　[考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,应该用不可数名词作drew的宾语,再结合常用表达draw attention to “吸引对……的注意力”可知,此处应填attention。]
5.To catch　[考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语,注意句首字母大写,故填To catch。]
6.truly　[考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”;空后picturesque “古色古香的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。]
7.and　[考查并列连词。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表顺承,应填并列连词,故填and。]
8.regarded　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰position,且regard和position之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填regarded。]
9.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导定语从句修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
10.containing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式,故填containing。]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a perfect day for the beach.My brother and I were meeting our friends on the northeast side of the island,a beach we seldom visited due to the strong currents.
Dad dropped us off an hour before everyone was to arrive.I watched my brother take off into the blue ocean.He was a bodysurfing enthusiast.I decided not to wait for our friends either because the water began to rise,forming a perfect wave.
I held my breath and dove through the wave.I was under the surf,with my eyes wide open,the water like silk flowing over my body.It was cold,like liquid ice waking up my senses.I pulled my body to the surface,allowing fresh air to fill my lungs,and then went back under.I pretended to be a fish,a dolphin,anything that lived under the sea.
After a while,I thought it might be a good idea to head back and see if our friends had arrived.I looked toward the beach and realized I had gone farther out than I should have.I was the only one this far out.
I was not too worried though.I was a pretty good swimmer.But,as I tried to swim,I realized I was making no progress.After what felt like a long while,my body began to feel heavy,and my arms grew tired.However hard I tried to swim,I was not moving any closer to the beach.Worn out,terrified and desperate,I cried for help loudly.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
I began to think I might drown out there.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A moment later,I regained my consciousness.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
I began to think I might drown out there.Just then a stranger appeared in front of me.With the last hope,I gathered all my strength to cry out “Help” but suddenly a huge wave hit me and drowned my cry.I choked on a big swallow of salty water and felt terrible.Fortunately,my angel was swiftly approaching me and then held me tightly with his strong arm.My basic knowledge reminded me to stay relaxed before I fell into a world of darkness.
A moment later,I regained my consciousness. I wanted to express my sincere gratitude to the man who saved my life.But he was gone.So concerned about my safety were my brother and friends that they even didn’t notice him leave.Feeling regretful,I decided to look for him through the Internet,but in vain.I made a post,adding that “Words are far from enough to convey my heartfelt thanks,my angel.Best wishes for you!”,expecting him to see my heart with an increasing number of likes and shares.Although I have not seen my hero ever since,the gratitude to him will live in my heart forever. (共140张PPT)
主题26　主要国家地理概况
主题语境三 人与自然
主题群七　自然生态
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey across a vast land;
选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic attractions
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
主题词句 自查过关
一、地理特征、自然景观
1.altitude n.　　　 海拔(高度)
2.awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
3.basin n. 盆地;盆,洗脸盆;流域
4.border n. 国界;边界(地区)
5.climate n. 气候;倾向;风气
【主题语料·分类群记】
6.contain vt. 包含,容纳;控制
container n. 容器;集装箱
7.continent n. 大洲;大陆
continental adj. 大洲的;大陆的
8.contrary n. 相反的事实adj.相反的;截然不同的
contrarily adv. 相反地;反之
9.cover vt. 遮盖;覆盖;包括;涉及;处理;报道;足以支付
n. 掩护;覆盖物;封面
coverage n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
10.desert n. 沙漠;荒原vt.遗弃;抛弃;放弃
desertification n. (土地的)沙漠化
11.dimension n. 方面,侧面;规模,程度
12.domestic adj. 国内的,本国的;家用的,家庭的
13.earthquake n. 地震
14.ecosystem n. 生态系统
15.environment n. 自然环境,生态环境;周围状况
environmental adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的
16.grand adj. 宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的
17.landscape n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色
18.ocean n. 大海;海洋
19.plain n. 平原adj. 朴素的;简单的;清楚的
20.plateau n. 高原
21.polar adj. 极地的,来自极地的
22.range n. 山脉;一系列;范围vi. 包括;(在一定范围内)变化
23.region n. 地区,区域
24.rural adj. 农村的,乡村的;有乡村特色的
25.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.使震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 感到震惊的
26.shore n. (海、湖、河等的)岸
27.splendid adj. 极好的;壮丽的;辉煌的
28.suburb n. 郊区,近郊,城郊
29.temperature n. 温度,气温;体温
30.transport n. 运输;搬运;交通运输系统;交通工具
vt. 运输;输送;搬运
transportation n. 运输;交通运输系统;运输工具
31.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
32.valley n. 山谷
33.view n. 看法;视线;景色vt.把……视为;观看
34.volcano n. 火山
35.zone n. 地区,地带
二、民族、人民
1.citizenship n. 公民身份;公民资格;公民义务
citizen n. 市民,城镇居民;公民,国民
2.civil adj. 有礼貌的;公民的;民用的
civilian n. 平民,百姓(区别于军、警)adj.平民的,民用的
civilization n. 文明
3.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
4.mass n. 团;堆;许多,大量;群众,平民百姓
massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
5.minority n. 少数派;少数
minor adj. 次要的;较小的
6.nationality n. 族,民族;国籍
7.racial adj. 种族的;人种的
race n. 种族,人种;赛事,赛跑
vt.& vi. 使参加比赛;和……竞赛;疾走
8.resident n. 居民,住户
9.treat vt. 治疗;对待n.款待;乐事
treatment n. 治疗;疗法;对待方式
三、主题词块
1.cover an area of 占地面积为……
2.take on a new look 呈现新面貌
3.have a population of 有……人口
4.in the distance 在远处
5.dry up 枯竭;耗尽;干涸
6.a string of 一串
7.at the edge of 在……的边缘
8.be home to 为……的所在地;是……的家乡
9.a flock of 一群
10.consist of 由……组成(或构成)
11.a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量)
12.in contact with 保持联系;有联系
13.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
14.be impressed with...对……印象深刻
15.as far as 远到……
16.be surrounded by/with 为……所包围;环绕
17.be well known for/as 因为/作为……而出名
18.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹;使某人大吃一惊
四、主题佳句
1.过去分词短语作状语
Located to the south of the equator,below many other countries on the globe,it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南,在地球上很多其他国家的下方,它常被非正式地称为“down under”。
2.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地去做某事
Autumn is the tourist peak season in Yunnan Province,so I can’t wait to enjoy its beautiful scenery.
秋天是云南省的旅游旺季,因此我迫不及待地去欣赏它美丽的风景。
3.不定式短语作目的状语
To survive in this vast land on the ocean,the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.
为了在这片广阔的海洋陆地上生存,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切联系。
4.动词-ing形式短语作主语
For some people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The program aims to help students develop science skills, _______________________ (environment) awareness,and healthy lifestyles.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.They could not afford to pay for ______________(transport) for their dog,Tiffy,and desperately wanted to take her with them.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
environmental
transportation
3.Plastic plates,cups and ________________(contain) take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America’s landfills.
4.Linda was so ____________(shock) that she stopped suddenly and the car behind crashed into hers.
5.Some ____________(minor) communities stick to the extended family structure,and it is common to find that three generations are living together in an Indian family.
containers
shocked
minority
6.The news that large numbers of ________(civil) were killed in the air strikes was given out through the radio.
7.He also gives lectures about the fight against ____________(desert) at schools of Alshaa League,hoping to raise awareness among young people.
8.China has 24.02 percent of its territory covered by forest and tops the fifth globally in terms of forest resource __________(cover).
civilians
desertification
coverage
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出view的汉语意思
A.n.景色;风景　B.n.视野　C.n.观点;见解;看法　D.vt.观看;观赏　E.vt.看待;对待
①Also,people aren’t willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing information online.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)_____
②There is no doubt that these mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor._____
C
D
③You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)_____
④Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)_____
⑤These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.(2021·全国乙卷)_____
E
A
B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①A single sugary treat,selected by the child,was placed on a table.(2024·浙江1月卷)___________
②At the sight of the fascinating scenery,I couldn’t contain my excitement any longer.___________
③He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.___________
④Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)_______________
n.款待
vt.控制
vt.抛弃;离弃
vt.足以支付;够付
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.The Baltimore Museum of Art ________________an internationally-renowned collection of 19th-century,modern,and contemporary art.
巴尔的摩艺术博物馆收藏着国际知名的19世纪、现代和当代艺术作品。
2.They took a taxi to Lake Louise,where the blue water literally _________________________________________________________.
他们乘出租车去了露易丝湖,那里的蓝色湖水简直让他们惊叹不已。
is home to
took their breath away
3.There looking around ________________,you will be astonished to find yourself admiring the fantastic views of beauty beyond beauty and scenery beyond scenery.
在那里远眺,你会惊讶地发现自己正在欣赏着超越美丽的美景和超越风景的风景。
4.Brazil _______________________________around 8.51 million square kilometers,with vast rainforests and diverse ecosystems.
巴西占地面积约为851万平方千米,拥有广袤的雨林和多样的生态系统。
in the distance
covers an area of
5.________________________________, the mountains and forests of Canada looked very spectacular.(过去分词短语作状语)
从火车窗口望去,加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。
6.________________________________, the young man went aboard the plane bound for Toronto.(不定式短语作目的状语)
为了在大城市享受全新的生活,这个年轻人登上了飞往多伦多的飞机。
Seen from the train window
To enjoy a whole new life in a big city
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、地理特征、自然景观
1.____________ n.　 海拔(高度)
2.____________ adj. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
3.____________ n. 盆地;盆,洗脸盆;流域
4.____________ n. 国界;边界(地区)
5.____________ n. 气候;倾向;风气
altitude
awesome
basin
border
climate
6.____________ vt. 包含,容纳;控制
____________ n. 容器;集装箱
7.____________ n. 大洲;大陆
____________ adj. 大洲的;大陆的
8.____________ n. 相反的事实 adj.相反的;截然不同的
____________ adv. 相反地;反之
contain
container
continent
continental
contrary
contrarily
9.____________ vt. 遮盖;覆盖;包括;涉及; 处理;报道;足以支付
n. 掩护;覆盖物;封面
____________ n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
10.____________ n. 沙漠;荒原 vt.遗弃;抛弃;放弃
____________ n. (土地的)沙漠化
11.____________ n. 方面,侧面;规模,程度
12.____________ adj. 国内的,本国的;家用的,家庭的
13.____________ n. 地震
cover
coverage
desert
desertification
dimension
domestic
earthquake
14.____________ n. 生态系统
15.____________ n. 自然环境,生态环境;周围状况
____________ adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的
16.____________ adj. 宏伟的;壮丽的;宏大的
17.____________ n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色
18.____________ n. 大海;海洋
19.____________ n. 平原 adj. 朴素的;简单的;清楚的
20.____________ n. 高原
ecosystem
environment
environmental
grand
landscape
ocean
plain
plateau
21.____________ adj. 极地的,来自极地的
22.____________ n. 山脉;一系列;范围 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
23.____________ n. 地区,区域
24.____________ adj. 农村的,乡村的;有乡村特色的
25.____________ n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. 使震惊
____________ adj. 令人震惊的
____________ adj. 感到震惊的
26.____________ n. (海、湖、河等的)岸
polar
range
region
rural
shock
shocking
shocked
shore
27.____________ adj. 极好的;壮丽的;辉煌的
28.____________ n. 郊区,近郊,城郊
29.____________ n. 温度,气温;体温
30.____________ n. 运输;搬运;交通运输系统;交通工具
vt. 运输;输送;搬运
____________ n. 运输;交通运输系统;运输工具
31.____________ adj. 热带的;来自热带的
splendid
suburb
temperature
transport
transportation
tropical
32.____________ n. 山谷
33.____________ n. 看法;视线;景色 vt.把……视为;观看
34.____________ n. 火山
35.____________ n. 地区,地带
valley
view
volcano
zone
二、民族、人民
1.____________ n. 公民身份;公民资格;公民义务
____________ n. 市民,城镇居民;公民,国民
2.____________ adj. 有礼貌的;公民的;民用的
____________ n. 平民,百姓(区别于军、警) adj.平民的,民用的
____________ n. 文明
3.____________ adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
citizenship
citizen
civil
civilian
civilization
ethnic
4.____________ n. 团;堆;许多,大量;群众,平民百姓
____________ adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
5.____________ n. 少数派;少数
____________ adj. 次要的;较小的
6.____________ n. 族,民族;国籍
7.____________ adj. 种族的;人种的
____________ n. 种族,人种;赛事,赛跑
vt.& vi. 使参加比赛;和……竞赛;疾走
mass
massive
minority
minor
nationality
racial
race
8.____________ n. 居民,住户
9.____________ vt. 治疗;对待 n.款待;乐事
____________ n. 治疗;疗法;对待方式
resident
treat
treatment
【默写主题词块】
1.__________________ 占地面积为……
2.__________________ 呈现新面貌
3.__________________ 有……人口
4.__________________ 在远处
5.__________________ 枯竭;耗尽;干涸
6.__________________ 一串
7.__________________ 在……的边缘
cover an area of
take on a new look
have a population of
in the distance
dry up
a string of
at the edge of
8.________________ 为……的所在地; 是……的家乡
9.________________ 一群
10.________________ 由……组成(或构成)
11.________________ 少数人(或物);一把(的量)
12.________________ 保持联系;有联系
13.________________ 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
14._________________ 对……印象深刻
be home to
a flock of
consist of
a handful of
in contact with
owe sth to sb
be impressed with...
15.____________________ 远到……
16.____________________ 为……所包围;环绕
17.____________________ 因为/作为……而出名
18.____________________ 令人惊叹;使某人大吃一惊
as far as
be surrounded by/with
be well known for/as
take sb’s breath away
1.________________________________, below many other countries on the globe,it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.(过去分词短语作状语)
(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南,在地球上很多其他国家的下方,它常被非正式地称为“down under”。
Located to the south of the equator
【默写主题佳句】
2.Autumn is the tourist peak season in Yunnan Province,so _______________________________________.(can’t wait to do sth)
秋天是云南省的旅游旺季,因此我迫不及待地去欣赏它美丽的风景。
3.__________________________________________________________,the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.(不定式短语作目的状语)
为了在这片广阔的海洋陆地上生存,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切联系。
I can’t wait to enjoy its beautiful scenery
To survive in this vast land on the ocean
4.For some people,______________________________is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰(Qomolangma)是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
climbing Qomolangma
主题词句 重点突破
1.contain vt.包含;含有;容纳;克制;控制 (container n.容器;集装箱;货柜)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①It ____________(contain) around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water ____________(contain).
③At the sight of the messy room,my mother ____________________________________,yelling at us.(情绪描写)
看到凌乱的房间,我妈妈抑制不住自己的愤怒,冲着我们大吼起来。
contains
containers
could not contain her anger
后牢记　用法归纳
contain oneself 克制自己
contain one’s excitement/anger 抑制某人的激动/愤怒
2.cover v.覆盖,掩盖;包含,包括;走完(一段路程);报道;足够支付 n.遮盖物;封面;自然植被(coverage n.覆盖范围;报道 uncover v.揭开;揭发)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①____________ (cover) 12 square kilometers,the Sanxingdui Ruins are believed to be remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
②Soon the land was all white,like a beautiful blanket,and the trees ____________________________________________ white quilts.
很快,大地就变成了白色,就像一张美丽的毯子,树上盖满了白色的被子。
Covering
were covered with/by
③Arranged on the school playground from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm on April 19th,the activity ________________________________.(通知)
活动将于4月19日上午8时30分至下午4时30分在学校操场举行,活动将涉及多个不同的领域。
will cover many different fields
后牢记　用法归纳
cover...with... 用……覆盖……
be covered with/by 被……覆盖
cover an area of... 占地……
cover the cost of... 足够支付……的费用
3.range n.一系列;范围,界限;种类;山脉 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①When driving on highways,the driver should control his or her speed ________the range of 60 km/h to 120 km/h.
②With the stadium set up,____________________ sports events are able to be held, _____________________________________________
______________________.随着这个体育场的落成,各种体育赛事得以举行,包括从乒乓球、足球到赛跑等。
within/in
a wide range of
which range from/ranging from ping-pong,football
to running competitions
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)a full/wide range of... 大范围的……,各种……
in/within the range of... 在射程以内;在……范围内
out of/beyond range of... 在射程以外;在……范围外
(2)range from...to.../range between...and...
包括从……到……之间;在……到……之间变动
4.shock vt.使震惊 n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 (shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
① In her first P.E.class,Eva was ________(shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.(2024·浙江1月卷)
②I was shocked __________(hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was ____________shock to us.
shocked
to hear
a
③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江7月卷)
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in, _________________________________________________________. (定语从句)
→_______________________________the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(主语从句)
which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me was that
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock 吃惊;震惊
(2)be shocked at sth/that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
5.view n.风景;视野;看法;见解 vt.观看;看待 (viewer n.观众,观看者)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①____________ my point of view,the film industry in China should make greater efforts to attract more ____________(view).
② A person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and does what he used to do in the present society _____________________________. (2023·天津3月卷)
一个继承雷锋精神,在当今社会做他过去常做的事的人,被视为“活雷锋”。
From
viewers
is viewed as a “living Lei Feng”
③As to the grouping for the coming oral English practice,I ___________________________________________________.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
关于即将进行的英语口语练习的分组,我认为随机分配学生是不明智的。
④________________ the weather condition,we’d better change our arrangement so as to ________________________the castle.
考虑到天气状况,我们最好改变一下安排,以便能更好地看到城堡。
hold the view that it is not wise to assign students randomly
In view of
have a better view of
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in one’s view=from one’s point of view 在某人看来
in view of 考虑到;鉴于
have a good view of... 清楚地看到;饱览
hold the view of/that... 持有……观点
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
6.mass adj.大量的;大规模的n.团,块,堆;大量;(物理学术语)质量 (massive adj.巨大的;结实的;非常严重的)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The masses ____________(be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being.
② In conclusion,these ________________(mass) developments in transportation have significantly enhanced our quality of life and demonstrated the great power of science.(2024·全国甲卷)
are
massive
③Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and________________________________.
有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。
masses of colors
后牢记　用法归纳
the masses 群众
a mass of/masses of 许多,大量
7.treat n.乐趣;款待 vt.对待;治疗;招待;款待 (treatment n.治疗;对待;处理)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①He became interested in alternative ________________(treat) 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②To our great relief,the patients are ____________________good treatment in the central hospital.
treatments
under
③At the moment I _________________________________________
___________________.(短文投稿;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
现在我把英文报Youth当作我忠诚的朋友。
④I appeal to all the people to ________________________________
because all are born equal.(倡议书)
我呼吁所有人尊敬地对待残疾人,因为所有人生而平等。
treat the English newspaper Youth as my loyal
friend
treat the disabled with respect
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)treat sb/sth as... 把某人/某物看作……
treat sb to sth 用……招待某人,以……款待某人
treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人
(2)under treatment 在治疗中
8.consist of 由……组成
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Recently,a newly-furnished section,____________ (consist) of eight Group Learning Rooms,has been open to us students in our school library.(邀请信;2022·浙江6月卷)
②Bear in mind that life ___________________________________ not only sunshine but also storms.(主旨升华)
记住,生活不仅只有阳光,还有暴风雨。
consisting
consists of/is composed of/is made up of
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be made up of/be composed of 由……组成
(2)consist in=lie in 存在于;在于
consist with 与……一致/相吻合
[点拨]　consist of、belong to、come into being、date back to、date from等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
9.动词-ing形式短语作主语
For some people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.
对于一些人来说,攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验,会使一些人感到脆弱,而使另一些人感到强大。
先运用　补全句子/补全语段
①_______________________________is an exciting adventure for many travelers.
发现新的自然景观对许多旅行者来说是一场激动人心的冒险。
Discovering new natural landscapes
②In my opinion,____________________________________________
________________. 在我看来,旅行期间整天呆在酒店里是浪费时间。
③_______________________________made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.(心理描写)
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧,他羞愧地低着头。
④____________________________ made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that ____________________________and ________________
_______________ was what I must do right now.(心理描写)
在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的,找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。
it is a waste of time staying in the hotel all day
during a trip
His failing in the exam again
Being lost in the forest
it was no use feeling frightened
finding my way
out of the forest
后牢记　用法归纳
climbing Qomolangma在句中为动词-ing形式短语作主语。动词-ing形式短语作主语还有以下情况:
(1)it作形式主语:
It is useless/no use/no good doing sth 做某事没用
It is a waste of time doing sth 做某事浪费时间
(2)动词-ing形式的复合结构“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing”作主语
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——介绍自己的家乡
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假如你是李华,你的朋友Jack要来你的家乡参观,请你根据下列要点写一篇电子邮件回复,介绍你的家乡。
1.自然环境(绿水青山,环境优美);
2.人文环境(交通便利,生活和谐);
3.表示欢迎。
Dear Jack,
I’m very glad to hear that you are going to pay a visit to my hometown.Now,I’d like to tell you something about it.
My hometown 1._____________________(位于一个山谷之中), surrounded by grand mountains and covered with dense forests.The clear rivers flow gently through the town, 2.______________________
_________________________________(形成了一个生物多样性丰富的生态系统;现在分词短语作状语;定语从句).The landscape here is simply awesome,with natural beauty everywhere.In the distance,the mountain peaks seem to touch the sky,taking your breath away.
is located in a valley
creating an ecosystem
that is rich in biodiversity
The town 3._____________________________________________ (有着发达的交通系统),which makes it easy for residents to travel.The people here are civil and friendly.We live in harmony and it is a place 4.__________________________________________________________ (民族文化交融;定语从句).
I sincerely welcome you to visit my hometown.I’m sure you’ll have a great time here.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
has a well-developed transportation system
where ethnic cultures mix together
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:Arnold和Iris想要收养Patrick这个孤儿,虽然他们是Patrick唯一愿意接触的夫妇,但儿童之家的负责人认为他们的经济水平不足以支撑孩子的费用,于是拒绝了他们的收养申请→为Patrick寻找到了他的姑姑→决定和Patrick见面,意识到Patrick需要一个温暖的家庭……
场景续写1:Arnold和Iris并没有放弃→他们努力赚钱,学习育儿知识,定期去探望Patrick→邀请Patrick和他姑姑去他们家做客,Patrick感觉自己被当作家人
Leaving the children’s home, the couple decided to continue to take good care of Patrick while working hard to earn money. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They found part-time jobs in their spare time.Besides, they looked through books every day, trying to get information about how to take good care of children.Arnold and Iris constantly contacted Patrick’s aunt to learn about Patrick.They went to see him occasionally in spite of their busy life.Once in a while, the couple invited Patrick and his aunt to their home, where Patrick felt that he was treated as the family member.
场景续写2:Patrick的姑姑因为工作变动而不能继续抚养他了→这对夫妇又去申请收养Patrick→儿童之家的负责人认为他们的条件满足收养要求,他们顺利收养了Patrick→他们一家过着幸福的生活
One day, they heard Patrick’s aunt could no longer look after him due to work change.______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The couple applied to the children’s home again to adopt Patrick.Mrs.Ronald rechecked Arnold and Iris’s condition.This time, she confirmed that this couple were qualified.On a sunny afternoon, a car stopped in front of the couple’s house, out of which came Patrick.The little boy ran to them.The couple welcomed the new member of the family with great hugs.From then on, they lived together happily.
主题阅读 综合运用
(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world,eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before,to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——南极洲之旅。
28.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一句中的“but always longed to explore further”可知,Ginni Bazlinton一直渴望探索更远的地方,这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情,故选A项。
√
29.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare. D.A friend’s invitation.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego...‘I just decided I wanted to go,’ she says.”可知,她决定要去南极洲是因为在智利,她发现她能买到驶往南极洲的最后一刻的廉价船票,故选C项。
√
30.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Ginni意识到这片珍贵的土地应该被人类尊重,即认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护,故选C项。
√
31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析　文章大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的最后一句“These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.”可知,南极洲之旅是Ginni永不会忘记的旅途,故选B项。
√
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.professional adj. 职业的,专业的
2.explore v. 考察,探索;探讨,探究
3.prefer v. 更喜欢
4.witness v. 目击,目睹;见证,经历(事件、变化等)
5.amazing adj. 惊人的
6.operatic adj. 歌剧的;歌剧风格的
7.realization n. 认识,领悟;(目标等的)实现
8.retire from 从……退休
9.take the plunge 决定冒险一试
10.leave an impression on 给……留下印象
11.rise out of 从……中升起
12.some prehistoric creature 某种史前生物
13.smile at 对……微笑
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
long [熟义] adj.长的;长久的,长期的
[生义]_______________________________
I’m longing to see you again.
v.渴望
(三)由文本学长难句分析
These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
分析:本句为复合句。what was to be a trip为what引导的____________从句;Ginni would never forget为省略关系词that/which的________从句,修饰____________。
句意:_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
宾语
定语
trip
这些温柔可爱的接待员们迎接了Ginni,并开启了她终生难忘的一次旅行。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练)
Some beaches are perfect for relaxing,while others offer activities like hiking and water sports.Visit these beautiful beaches for an unforgettable vacation.
Cannon Beach
If your perfect beach vacation spot features postcard-worthy scenery and peace,look no further than Cannon Beach.In this Pacific Northwest town,you can even build a fire on the beach to relax beside while watching the sun set.When you need a break from the beach,grab a bike and head downtown to explore its art galleries,shops and restaurants.
Horseshoe Bay Beach
For a one-of-a-kind beach experience,head to Horseshoe Bay Beach on Bermuda’s South Shore.Known for its pink sand,this beach is a popular destination for families looking to play in the calm blue-green waters and build blush-colored sandcastles.Adventure seekers can also take part in the self-guided island bicycle tour or engage in exciting water sports.
Mohegan Bluffs
This beach is famous for its natural beauty.Upon arrival,pause to admire your surroundings and learn about its ties to the native people,their ancient traditions,and connection to the land,adding depth to your beach experience.Then,take the 141 steps down to the sand to sunbathe.After that,climb back up to visit the Southeast Light for an up-close view of its 19th-century lighthouse.
South Beach
This tropical district on Florida’s Atlantic Coast is world-renowned for its powdery white sand.Although technically part of the Miami Beach area,South Beach stands out due to its Art Deco architecture seen in everything from the beachfront lifeguard towers to the high-rise buildings along the famed Ocean Drive.
语篇类型:应用文
主题语境:人与自然——国家地理概况——美丽的海滩
1.What similarity do Cannon Beach and Horseshoe Bay Beach share
A.The chance to cycle around. B.Their lively artistic scene.
C.The unique water sports. D.Their distinctive sand color.
解析　细节理解题。根据Cannon Beach部分中的“When you need a break...to explore its art galleries,shops and restaurants.”和Horseshoe Bay Beach部分中的“Adventure seekers can also take part in...exciting water sports.”可知,两个海滩的相似之处是都谈到了可以骑自行车四处游览,故选A项。
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2.Who is most likely attracted to Mohegan Bluffs
A.Those seeking water sports.
B.Fans of modern lighthouses.
C.Those interested in local culture.
D.Enthusiasts of mountain climbing.
解析　推理判断题。根据Mohegan Bluffs部分中的“Upon arrival,pause to admire your surroundings...adding depth to your beach experience.”可推知,对当地文化感兴趣的人最有可能被莫希干断崖所吸引,故选C项。
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3.What sets South Beach apart from the rest of the Miami Beach area
A.Its beach sand. B.Its architectural style.
C.Its ocean drive. D.Its high-rise buildings.
解析　细节理解题。根据South Beach部分中的“Although technically part of the Miami Beach area...to the high-rise buildings along the famed Ocean Drive.”可知,南海滩因其装饰艺术建筑而引人注目,海滨的救生塔和海洋大道沿线著名的高层建筑物都随处可见。由此可知,南海滩因其建筑风格脱颖而出,故选B项。
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(2025·沈阳高三质量监测三)
The Sahara is the world’s largest and most magic desert,but knowledge about it is surprisingly limited.Even estimates of when it formed vary widely,from more than five million years ago to mere thousands.Now,however,geologists studying wind-carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands have come closer to settling this:it is,they report,close to five million years old.
One reason for the uncertainty over the Sahara’s age is that researchers use different methods to estimate it.These include studying desert dust found in sediment (沉积物) under the Atlantic Ocean,analyzing sandstone and modeling the ancient climate.To help settle the uncertainty,Daniel Muhs,geomorphologist of the US Geological Survey,and his colleagues looked at sediment on Spain’s Canary Islands.They found evidence of Saharan dust.The dust appeared in ancient soil layers (层),whose age they assessed on the basis of fossils (化石) found in the same layers—and that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.The researchers reported their_findings in November in Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
“The conclusion of the study is very good,” says Zhongshi Zhang,a climate modeler at the University of Bergen in Norway,who was not involved in the work.“Because the dust found on the islands is distinct from the ocean’s record,” Zhang adds,“it helps to build the case for a five-million-year age.”
The Sahara is the biggest source of wind-carried dust in the world—and that dust’s journey does not end in the Canary Islands,which lie just off the western coast of Africa.It continues on to
places such as the Amazon rainforest in South America,Daniel notes.Amazon soils are poor in nutrients,and he says the new results help to show how rich dust from Africa could have been supporting the South American region’s incredible biodiversity for millions of years—adding to the Amazon’s own origin story.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然科学研究成果——估算撒哈拉沙漠形成时间
4.How did Daniel settle the formation time of the Sahara
A.By modeling the ancient climate in Spain’s islands.
B.By studying the desert dust under the Atlantic Ocean.
C.By assessing the age of the dust in ancient soil layers.
D.By analyzing the wind-carried sandstone in the Sahara.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的后半段可知,为了帮助解决对撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间不确定性,Daniel和他的同事研究了西班牙加那利群岛的沉积物,在那里他们发现了撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据,这种尘土出现在古代的土壤层中。他们以同一个土壤层发现的化石为根据,评估尘土的年龄,发现其年龄与早期的海洋沉积物的研究结果相吻合。由此可知,Daniel通过评估古代土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间,故选C。
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5.What do the underlined words “their findings” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The appearance of the dust. B.The formation of two layers.
C.The age of the Saharan dust. D.The agreement of two layers.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They found evidence of Saharan dust...that age agreed with the earlier marine sediment studies.”,再结合第4题答案可知,Daniel通过评估古土壤层中尘土的年龄来确定撒哈拉沙漠的形成时间,由此可知,“their findings”指代上文提及的“撒哈拉尘土的年龄”,故选C。
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6.What contributes to the biodiversity of the South America
A.The Saharan dust. B.The Amazon soils.
C.The Amazon rainforest. D.The coastal waters.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Amazon soils are poor in nutrients...the South American region’s incredible biodiversity for millions of years”可知,亚马孙土壤营养贫乏,而新的研究结果有助于揭示,来自非洲的肥沃尘土是如何在数百万年间促成南美洲地区惊人的生物多样性的,故选A。
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7.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.The Study of the Sahara B.The Birth of the Sahara
C.The Source of the Sahara D.The Effect of the Sahara
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的“geologists studying wind-carried Saharan dust on the Canary Islands...close to five million years old”可知,本文主要介绍了地质学家研究加那利群岛的沉积物,发现撒哈拉沙漠尘土的证据,通过评估古代土壤层中撒哈拉沙漠尘土的年龄,确定撒哈拉沙漠有近500万年的历史,故B项“撒哈拉沙漠的诞生”最适合作本文的标题。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·邵阳高三二模)
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans.__1___
__2__ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves,low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago,and a billion people would lose food or income.However,reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae(海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素) that force those coral to leave.This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help,such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.__3__Without carbon reduction and decline in local coral-killing pollution,even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
__4__Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.__5__Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction,the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A.Corals are useful to people.
B.But there are grounds for optimism.
C.And they host a quarter of marine species.
D.It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E.Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F.This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G.However,the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——环境保护——保护珊瑚礁
1.C　 [根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity.”可知,此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港,C项同样描述前文语境,切合文意,故选C项。]
2.A　 [根据后文“Without the protection which...people would lose food or income.”可知,此处是在说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处,切合文意,起到引出后文的作用,故选A项。]
3.G　 [根据前文“Research groups around the...such corals to create a new type.”和后文“Without carbon reduction and...will not survive the century.”可知,此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可,故选G项。]
4.B　 [根据后文“Carbon targets are being set...starting to act together.”可知,此处是指情况也有好的趋势,B项切合文意,起到承上启下的作用,故选B项。]
5.D　 [根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知,此处是指自然活动和人为干预的结合非常重要,可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。D项切合文意,符合语境,故选D项。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·甘肃高考诊断)
I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper.“You can’t go there,” the innkeeper __1__ me.“The viewing platform has been closed due to __2__ that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment,we __3__ an alternative:a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”.Initially,we were __4__ to run the risk.However,I had __5__ the tourism motto in the nature reserve,“If you don’t do it now,you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group __6__ decided to venture into the forest.The innkeeper responded with a knowing __7__,“Great.Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning,we set off with a local __8__. Rain came and went three times,and before I actually __9__ to climb over the first mountain,I had already got wet to the skin.I was a walking __10__ of mud and water.
Our guide,in his 50s,behaved like a botanist,introducing the locally specific plants to us,but I was hardly in the __11__.Every step sank into the muddy,sucking ground.Every log or rock in front of us was a physical __12__.“One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured,reciting that millennium-old __13__,over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our __14__.Thinking of them leading to an unknown world,I began to __15__ the road that I could control even more.Most of the time,we were wandering in green chaos without any obvious landmarks.
Not too bad.We finished the trek in seven and a half hours.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与环境——在“漏斗森林”探险的经历
1.A.answered B.told C.followed D.favored
解析　空前讲到了作者看到一张茂兰喀斯特的照片并拿给旅店老板看,老板告诉(told)作者“你不能去那里”并讲述了原因。
2.A.news B.matters C.concerns D.conclusions
解析　由于担心(concerns)太多的游客可能会造成地质破坏,所以观景台被关闭了。
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3.A.worked out B.took in C.set down D.ruled out
解析　根据上文可知,尽管作者一行由于无法去观景台而很失望,但他们想出了(worked out)七小时徒步穿越“漏斗森林”的替代方案。
4.A.unwilling B.surprised C.calm D.inspired
解析　下文转折部分讲到了作者在注意到自然保护区的旅游箴言之后决定去森林冒险。由此可见,起初作者一行不愿意(unwilling)去冒这个险。
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5.A.forgotten B.promoted C.interpreted D.noticed
解析　根据下文中的“decided to venture into the forest”可知,作者之前注意到了(noticed)自然保护区里的旅游箴言。
6.A.shortly B.lately C.eventually D.suddenly
解析　上文讲到了起初作者一行不愿意去冒险,但在看了旅游箴言之后,他们最终(eventually)决定去冒险。
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7.A.taste B.tone C.smile D.sigh
解析　根据空后的“Great. Bear Grylls went there”可知,旅店老板对他们的决定应是赞同的,因此,他是面带微笑(smile)地回应的。
8.A.botanist B.keeper C.farmer D.guide
解析　此处考查词汇复现,呼应下文中的“Our guide”。作者几人和一个当地向导(guide)一起出发了。
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9.A.managed B.decided C.planned D.agreed
解析　根据上文中的“Rain came and went three times”和下文中的“I had already got wet to the skin”可以推测,面对恶劣的天气状况,作者在真正成功(managed)地翻过第一座山之前就已经浑身湿透了。
10.A.visitor B.mixture C.log D.stranger
解析　根据上文中的“I had already got wet to the skin”可知,作者的身上湿透了,就像是一个行走的泥水混合体(mixture)。
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11.A.eagerness B.mood C.humor D.pity
解析　上文讲到了向导像一个植物学家一样给作者一行介绍当地特有的植物,结合下文中的“Every step sank into the muddy,sucking ground.”可以推测,作者并没有心情(mood)去听。
12.A.contact B.energy C.activity D.challenge
解析　上文讲到了这里的土地非常泥泞,所以路上的每个原木或石块对作者一行来说都是一种体力上的挑战(challenge)。
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13.A.prediction B.line C.deal D.secret
解析　空处指“One can never reach those places without strong willpower”(如果没有坚强的意志力,你就永远无法到达那些地方)这句话(line)。
14.A.route B landmark C.platform D.rock
解析　作者一行是在穿越森林的路上,所以这些落水洞和通往地下河的入口应是不断出现在他们前进的路线上(route)的。
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15.A.guarantee B.ignore
C.doubt D.appreciate
解析　根据空前的“Thinking of them leading to an unknown world”可知,作者开始更加感激(appreciate)这条自己能够掌控的路。
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Ⅳ. 语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测)
Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.____________ Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.____________(block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.____________(size)—from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.____________(attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5.____________(catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6.____________(true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.____________ walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position,8.____________(regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9.____________ it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.____________(contain)many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——国家地理概况——敦煌
1.in　 [考查介词。考查固定短语be interested in,故填介词in。]
2.is blocked　 [考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺谓语动词;此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语The entrance与block是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数,故填is blocked。]
3.sizes　 [考查名词的数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填sizes。]
4.attention　 [考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,应该用不可数名词作drew的宾语,再结合常用表达draw attention to “吸引对……的注意力”可知,此处应填attention。]
5.To catch　 [考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语,注意句首字母大写,故填To catch。]
6.truly　 [考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”;空后picturesque “古色古香的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。]
7.and　 [考查并列连词。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表顺承,应填并列连词,故填and。]
8.regarded　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰position,且regard和position之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填regarded。]
9.where　 [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导定语从句修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。]
10.containing　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式,故填containing。 ]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a perfect day for the beach.My brother and I were meeting our friends on the northeast side of the island,a beach we seldom visited due to the strong currents.
Dad dropped us off an hour before everyone was to arrive.I watched my brother take off into the blue ocean.He was a bodysurfing enthusiast.I decided not to wait for our friends either because the water began to rise,forming a perfect wave.
I held my breath and dove through the wave.I was under the surf,with my eyes wide open,the water like silk flowing over my body.It was cold,like liquid ice waking up my senses.I pulled my body to the surface,allowing fresh air to fill my lungs,and then went back under.I pretended to be a fish,a dolphin,anything that lived under the sea.
After a while,I thought it might be a good idea to head back and see if our friends had arrived.I looked toward the beach and realized I had gone farther out than I should have.I was the only one this far out.
I was not too worried though.I was a pretty good swimmer.But,as I tried to swim,I realized I was making no progress.After what felt like a long while,my body began to feel heavy,and my arms grew tired.However hard I tried to swim,I was not moving any closer to the beach.Worn out,terrified and desperate,I cried for help loudly.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
I began to think I might drown out there.____________________
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A moment later,I regained my consciousness._________________
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【参考范文】
I began to think I might drown out there.Just then a stranger appeared in front of me.With the last hope,I gathered all my strength to cry out “Help” but suddenly a huge wave hit me and drowned my cry.I choked on a big swallow of salty water and felt terrible.Fortunately,my angel was swiftly approaching me and then held me tightly with his strong arm.My basic knowledge reminded me to stay relaxed before I fell into a world of darkness.
A moment later,I regained my consciousness. I wanted to express my sincere gratitude to the man who saved my life.But he was gone.So concerned about my safety were my brother and friends that they even didn’t notice him leave.Feeling regretful,I decided to look for him through the Internet,but in vain.I made a post,adding that “Words are far from enough to convey my heartfelt thanks,my angel.Best wishes for you!”,expecting him to see my heart with an increasing number of likes and shares.Although I have not seen my hero ever since,the gratitude to him will live in my heart forever.

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