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主题28　人与环境、人与动植物
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the land;选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental protection;选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea exploration;必修第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection
外研版 必修第一册Unit 6 At one with nature;必修第二册Unit 6 Earth first;必修第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!;选择性必修第二册Unit 5 A delicate world;Unit 6 Survival;选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature;必修第一册Unit 5 Into the wild;选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature
译林版 必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance;选择性必修第三册Unit 1 Wish you were here
北师大版 必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature;选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Conservation
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、人与环境
1.adopt vt.　　　　 采取(某种方法、政策、态度)
vi.& vt. 收养,领养
adoption n. 采用;收养;(候选人的)选定
adopted adj. 收养的,领养的
2.adorable adj. 可爱的,讨人喜爱的
adore v. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱;极喜欢
3.boundary n. 边界;分界线
4.buffet n. 自助餐;(车站)快餐部
5.edge n. 边,边缘
6.enormous adj. 巨大的,庞大的
7.fashion n. 时尚
fashionable adj. 流行的;时髦的;上流社会的
fashionably adv. 赶时髦地;按照流行地
8.harmony n. 协调;和睦;融洽;调和
harmonious adj. 和谐的,和睦的;协调的
harmoniously adv. 和谐地
9.incredible adj. 极好的;极大的;难以置信的
incredibly adv. 难以置信地;非常地
10.label v. 加标签或标记;分类
n. 标签;标记
11.lung n. 肺
12.rare adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的
rarely adv. 很少;难得
13.route n. 路线;路途;途径
14.sneeze vi.& n. 打喷嚏
15.sour adj. 酸的,有酸味的;馊的
vi.& vt. (使)变坏;(使)变味,(使)酸腐
16.steam vi. 蒸发;散发蒸汽
vt.& vi. 蒸(食物)
n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力;水汽
17.stretch vt.& vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;(使)延伸
18.territory n. 地区,地方;领土;领域
19.vast adj. 巨大的(huge);辽阔的
20.visible adj. 看得见的,可见的
invisible adj. 无形的,看不见的
21.vision n. 视野;视力
二、人与动植物
1.alarming adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
alarm v. 使惊恐;使害怕
n. 恐慌;警报;警报器
alarmed adj. 害怕的;担忧的
2.attack n.& v. 攻击;抨击
3.average n. 平均(数);一般水平;平均标准
adj. 平常的;普遍的;平均的
v. 平均为;求……的平均数
4.concern v. 影响,牵扯(某人);关系到,涉及;使担心
n. 担心,忧虑;关爱,关心;关心的事
concerned adj. 担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的
concerning prep. 关于
5.creature n. 生物;动物
6.endanger v. 使遭受危险;危害
endangered adj. 濒危的
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
7.deer n. 鹿
8.dolphin n. 海豚
9.eagle n. 鹰
10.evolve vt.& vi. 进化;(使)逐渐发展
evolution n. 进化(论);演变,发展
11.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
12.goods n. 商品;货物
13.habitat n. 栖息地
14.hunt vt.& vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕
hunter n. 猎人
hunting n. 打猎,狩猎
15.insect n. 昆虫
16.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
17.koala n. 树袋熊;考拉
18.measure n. 措施;方法
v. 测量;度量;估量
19.observe v. 观察;遵守;庆祝,过(节日、生日等)
20.reptile n. 爬行动物
21.reserve n. 保护区;储备(量)
v. 保持;保留;预订
reservation n. 保留地;预订
reserved adj. 预订的;保留的
22.shark n. 鲨鱼
23.shoot vi.& vt.(shot,shot) (使朝某方向)冲,奔;射击;射门;摄影
24.skin n. 皮肤;外壳
skinny adj. 极瘦的,皮包骨的
25.species n. 物种,种
26.threat n. 威胁
threaten vt. 威胁;危及
threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
27.unusual adj. 特别的;不寻常的
usual adj. 通常的;惯常的
usually adv. 通常;经常;一般
28.whale n. 鲸
三、主题词块
1.be native to 源于……的;原产于……的
2.die out 灭绝;逐渐消失;熄灭
3.protect...from... 保护……不受……(的危害)
4.set foot upon/on 踏上
5.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理;对……撒手不管
6.call for (公开) 要求;需要
7.take...into account 把……考虑进去
8.seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
9.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
10.do one’s part 尽某人的职责
11.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
12.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生
13.link...to... 把……和……联系起来
14.rely on/upon 依赖;依靠;信赖
e into being 形成;产生
16.make out 看清;听清;分清
17.under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
18.feed on (动物) 以……为食
四、主题佳句
1.“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式
As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on the environment.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
2.while引导让步状语从句
While many effective measures have been taken,the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved.
尽管已经采取了许多有效的措施,环境保护的问题仍然远未得到解决。
3.“介词+which”引导定语从句
When it comes to environmental protection,planting trees has also become an important means by which our hometown becomes much cleaner.
当谈到环境保护,植树也成为一个重要的手段,通过它我们的家乡变得更加清洁。
4.“only+状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会与大自然和谐共处,我们才不会继续成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.These adorable (adore) little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.(2024·全国甲卷)
2.No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely (rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.Jones’ idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible (visible) social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
4.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered (endanger) species across the ridges and valleys.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.Airplanes seed threatening (threaten) storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(2024·浙江1月卷)
6.It’s incredibly (incredible)important to maintain good sleeping habits and try to go to sleep early.
7.The beach was filled with fashionable (fashion) ladies and gentlemen enjoying the early evening breezes,when panicked shouts suddenly echoed through the air.
8.It has also facilitated the adoption (adopt) of clean energy in Africa,helping it avoid the pollution associated with Western industrialization.
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出average的汉语意思
A.adj.平均的　B.adj.普通的
C.n.平均数　 D.v.计算出……的平均数
①The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.(2022·浙江1月卷)A
②When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)D
③It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.C
④The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.(2023·全国乙卷)B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①However,while some of her classmates edged ahead,others actually fell behind.(2024·浙江1月卷)v.(使)徐徐移动,渐渐移动
②The newspaper had unjustly labelled him as a troublemaker.v.(尤指不公平地)把……称为
③I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.(2023·浙江1月卷)n.一片
④To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
(2023·全国乙卷)v.拍摄,摄影
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.To live a green and healthy life,everyone in the world should do his or her part for environmental protection.
为了过上绿色健康的生活,世界上每个人都应该为环境保护尽自己的一份力。
2.People may find it unbelievable that two hundred years ago people did not link illness to environmental problems.
人们可能会觉得难以置信,200年前人们并没有将疾病与环境问题联系起来。
3.Since there were humans in the world,thousands of kinds of animals have died out.
自从世界上有了人类,成千上万种动物已经灭绝。
4.The giant panda,one of the most recognizable endangered species,is native to the forest of Western China.
大熊猫,世界上最易识别的濒危物种之一,原产于中国西部的森林。
5.Jack commits himself to environmental protection,and so does his wife.They put almost all their heart and soul into it.(so+助动词+主语)
杰克致力于环境保护,他的妻子也是。他们几乎为此付出了全部的心血。
6.While the laws on environmental protection have been put into effect,there is still a long way to go before we can enjoy a clean and comfortable world.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管有关环境保护的法律已经生效,但距离我们能享受一个干净舒适的世界还有很长的路要走。
【默写主题单词】
一、人与环境
1.adopt vt.　　　　 采取(某种方法、政策、态度)
vi.& vt. 收养,领养
adoption n. 采用;收养;(候选人的)选定
adopted adj. 收养的,领养的
2.adorable adj. 可爱的,讨人喜爱的
adore v. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱;极喜欢
3.boundary n. 边界;分界线
4.buffet n. 自助餐;(车站)快餐部
5.edge n. 边,边缘
6.enormous adj. 巨大的,庞大的
7.fashion n. 时尚
fashionable adj. 流行的;时髦的;上流社会的
fashionably adv. 赶时髦地;按照流行地
8.harmony n. 协调;和睦;融洽;调和
harmonious adj. 和谐的,和睦的;协调的
harmoniously adv. 和谐地
9.incredible adj. 极好的;极大的;难以置信的
incredibly adv. 难以置信地;非常地
10.label v. 加标签或标记;分类
n. 标签;标记
11.lung n. 肺
12.rare adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的
rarely adv. 很少;难得
13.route n. 路线;路途;途径
14.sneeze vi.& n. 打喷嚏
15.sour adj. 酸的,有酸味的;馊的
vi.& vt. (使)变坏;(使)变味,(使)酸腐
16.steam vi. 蒸发;散发蒸汽
vt.& vi. 蒸(食物)
n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力;水汽
17.stretch vt.& vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;(使)延伸
18.territory n. 地区,地方;领土;领域
19.vast adj. 巨大的(huge);辽阔的
20.visible adj. 看得见的,可见的
invisible adj. 无形的,看不见的
21.vision n. 视野;视力
二、人与动植物
1.alarming adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
alarm v. 使惊恐;使害怕
n. 恐慌;警报;警报器
alarmed adj. 害怕的;担忧的
2.attack n.& v. 攻击;抨击
3.average n. 平均(数);一般水平;平均标准
adj. 平常的;普遍的;平均的
v. 平均为;求……的平均数
4.concern v. 影响,牵扯(某人);关系到,涉及;使担心
n. 担心,忧虑;关爱,关心;关心的事
concerned adj. 担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的
concerning prep. 关于
5.creature n. 生物;动物
6.endanger v. 使遭受危险;危害
endangered adj. 濒危的
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
7.deer n. 鹿
8.dolphin n. 海豚
9.eagle n. 鹰
10.evolve vt.& vi. 进化;(使)逐渐发展
evolution n. 进化(论);演变,发展
11.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
12.goods n. 商品;货物
13.habitat n. 栖息地
14.hunt vt.& vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕
hunter n. 猎人
hunting n. 打猎,狩猎
15.insect n. 昆虫
16.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
17.koala n. 树袋熊;考拉
18.measure n. 措施;方法
v. 测量;度量;估量
19.observe v. 观察;遵守;庆祝,过(节日、生日等)
20.reptile n. 爬行动物
21.reserve n. 保护区;储备(量)
v. 保持;保留;预订
reservation n. 保留地;预订
reserved adj. 预订的;保留的
22.shark n. 鲨鱼
23.shoot vi.& vt.(shot,shot) (使朝某方向)冲,奔;射击;射门;摄影
24.skin n. 皮肤;外壳
skinny adj. 极瘦的,皮包骨的
25.species n. 物种,种
26.threat n. 威胁
threaten vt. 威胁;危及
threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
27.unusual adj. 特别的;不寻常的
usual adj. 通常的;惯常的
usually adv. 通常;经常;一般
28.whale n. 鲸
【默写主题词块】
1.be native to 源于……的;原产于……的
2.die out 灭绝;逐渐消失;熄灭
3.protect...from... 保护……不受……(的危害)
4.set foot upon/on 踏上
5.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理;对……撒手不管
6.call for (公开) 要求;需要
7.take...into account 把……考虑进去
8.seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
9.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
10.do one’s part 尽某人的职责
11.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
12.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生
13.link...to... 把……和……联系起来
14.rely on/upon 依赖;依靠;信赖
e into being 形成;产生
16.make out 看清;听清;分清
17.under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
18.feed on (动物) 以……为食
【默写主题佳句】
1.As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on the environment.(“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式)
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
2.While many effective measures have been taken,the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管已经采取了许多有效的措施,环境保护的问题仍然远未得到解决。
3.When it comes to environmental protection,planting trees has also become an important means by which our hometown becomes much cleaner.(“介词+which”引导定语从句)
当谈到环境保护,植树也成为一个重要的手段,通过它我们的家乡变得更加清洁。
4.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(“only+状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装)
只有学会与大自然和谐共处,我们才不会继续成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
1.adopt vt.采用;采取;采纳 vt.& vi.领养 (adopted adj.收养的,领养的 adoption n.收养,领养;采用)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Please send your contributions to englishcolumn@.cn.If not adopted (adopt),contributions will be returned to authors within a month.
②Danny is their adopted (adopt) son,but they treat him as their own son.
③We all have to adopt measures to save energy in our daily lives,such as turning off lights when leaving a room.(倡议书)
我们所有人都必须在日常生活中采取节能措施,例如离开房间时关灯。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt an approach/measures 采用方法/采取措施
(2)adopted son/daughter/child 养子/养女/领养的孩子
2.harmony n.融洽相处;和谐;协调 (harmonious adj.和谐的,和睦的;协调的 harmoniously adv.和谐地)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Sometimes only a little kindness can make a great difference,making the world more beautiful and harmonious (harmony).
②Personally speaking,the earth is our home and human society comes from nature,so confronted with challenges,animals and human beings should still live harmoniously with/live in harmony with each other.(倡议书)
就我个人而言,地球是我们的家园,人类社会来自大自然,所以面对挑战,动物和人类仍然要彼此和谐地生活在一起。
后牢记　用法归纳
in harmony with... 与……和谐相处;与……协调
out of harmony with... 与……不协调
live in harmony 和睦相处,和谐共处
3.average n.平均数;平均水平 adj.平均的;正常的;普通的 v.计算出……的平均数
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①His academic performance is well above average,but he is still modest and helpful.
②The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest plateau,averaging (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.
③Global life expectancy averages out to 71.4 years.
世界人口的人均寿命为71.4岁。
④On average,in a busy city,there are hundreds or even thousands of shared bicycles available at any time.(2024·全国甲卷)
平均而言,在繁忙的城市里,任何时候都有数百甚至数千辆共享单车可供使用。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平
on average 平均;一般地
the average of... ……的平均数
(2)be of average height 中等身材
(3)average out to 平均达
4.concern v.涉及;让……担忧;与……有关 n.担心,忧虑;关心;(利害)关系 (concerned adj.担心的;
关切的;感兴趣的;有关的 concerning prep.关于;涉及)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning (concern) their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.(2024·浙江1月卷)
②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
③As far as I’m concerned,focusing on the economic growth and technological advancements China has acquired over the past 75 years is a must.(建议信;2024·北京卷)
在我看来,关注中国过去75年所获得的经济增长和技术进步是必须的。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)show/express concern for/about 对……表示关心
(2)as far as...be concerned 就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关;对……关注
5.measure n.措施;方法 v.测量;度量;估量;(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①We rode along the river measuring (measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.(浙江卷)
②因此,我们是时候采取有效措施保护海洋了。(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
→Therefore,it is high time that we should take/took effective measures to protect the oceans.(主动语态)
→Therefore,it is high time that effective measures should be taken/were taken to protect the oceans.(被动语态)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)measure...by... 用……来度量……
(2)make...to sb’s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
[点拨]　measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时,不用于被动语态和进行时态。
6.reserve v.储备;保留;预订 n.储备(量);贮藏;保护区 (reservation n.预订;保留地 reserved adj.
预订的;保留的)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Beijing was once a city of bikes,known as the Bicycle Kingdom,where cars were reserved (reserve) for official business.
②We should keep some clean water in reserve in case of unexpected water supply disruptions.
③I support this measure,but it doesn’t mean that I support you without reservation/reserve.
我支持这项措施,但这并不意味着我毫无保留地支持你。
④Many endangered animals find their last shelter in the wildlife nature reserve.(短文投稿)
许多濒危动物在野生动物自然保护区找到它们最后的庇护所。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)reserve sth for... 为……保留某物;把某物留给……
(2)in reserve 备用;储备
(3)make a reservation 预订,预约
without reservation/reserve 毫无保留地;完全地
7.die out 灭亡;逐渐消失;熄灭
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman.
②His speech was so great that it was several minutes before the applause died down.
③Learning that you are dying to visit (visit) Beijing,I am willing to act as your tourist guide.
④With the living environment becoming worse and worse,many species are gradually dying out.
随着生存环境变得越来越差,许多物种正在逐渐灭绝。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from... 因……而死
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
(2)be dying for sth 渴望;极想
be dying to do sth 极想做某事
8.rely on/upon 依赖;依靠;信赖 (reliable adj.可信赖的;可依赖的;可靠的)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①You can rely on the responsible consultant to help (help) you out,because he is a reliable (rely) person.
②我最尊敬我的叔叔,因为每当我身处困境时,我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(全国Ⅰ卷)
→I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)
→I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...)
后牢记　用法归纳
rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth 指望/依靠某人/某物
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……;指望……
9.“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式
As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on the environment.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①If my brother takes part in the competition to be held next week,so shall/will I.
②He didn’t know what that would be,and nor/neither did I.
③—In order to live a low-carbon life,the girls walk to school every day.
—So they do.
——为了过低碳生活,女孩们每天步行去上学。
——她们的确如此。
④Mary is a conservationist and she makes a great contribution to environmental protection.So it is with Jane/It is the same with Jane.
玛丽是一位环保主义者,她对环境保护做出了巨大贡献。简也是如此。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)“so+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语”用于肯定陈述句之后,意为“……也是如此”,so用来代替上文的内容。
(2)如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定,则仅把so放于句首,其后用正常语序,即“so+主语+情态动词/助动词/be动词”。
(3)如果表示前面的两件或两件以上的事也适合另一人或物,则需要用“So it is/was with...”或“It is/was the same with...”。
(4)“nor/neither+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语”用于否定陈述句之后,表示“……也不”,相当于either用于否定句。
[应用文增分练]——保护野生动物倡议书
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假如你是国际学校学生李华,随着国际生物多样性日(5月22日)的到来,爱护动物已成为世界十大环保工作之一。请你在学校贴吧上发布一份倡议。要点如下: 1.当前现状; 2.提出倡议; 3.其他。
　　With International Day for Biological Diversity (May 22nd) approaching,it’s crucial to focus on wildlife protection.Currently,the situation of wild animals is extremely alarming.1.Many endangered species are on the edge of extinction (许多濒危物种正处于灭绝的边缘) due to various reasons like illegal hunting and the destruction of their habitats.
We hereby call for everyone to take action.Firstly,2.we should adopt effective measures to protect these precious creatures (我们应该采取有效的措施来保护这些珍贵的生物).Refuse to buy products made from wild animals,which may encourage illegal hunting.Secondly,if possible,we can actively participate in 3.volunteer activities related to wildlife protection (与野生动物保护相关的志愿活动).
We are all part of this beautiful ecosystem.Only when we 4.live in harmony with wild animals (与野生动物和谐相处) can our earth maintain its ecological balance.Let’s join hands and do our part to protect these lovely animals.
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:Fliss和她的狗Molly之间有一种特殊的关系→为了解决海边的环保问题,Fliss训练Molly捡海滩垃圾→Fliss的车库里有60%都是海滩垃圾,等着被分发给当地艺术家用于他们的艺术创作→有一次Molly捡回一个装有一本护照、几张信用卡和一串钥匙的钱包……
场景续写1:Fliss立即和Molly一起把钱包带到当地警察局→把钱交给警察,并做出解释→警方感动,并保证找到失主→第二天记者打电话要采访Fliss
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station with Molly.When they arrived, Fliss tied Molly to a fireplug outside and went in herself.She handed the purse to a police officer and explained everything.Greatly touched, he shook her hand and thanked her for doing her duty, promising that he would do his best to find the owner.Fliss felt reassured and went back with Molly.The next day, a journalist called to make an appointment for an interview.
场景续写2:记者来的时候,他们俩正在海滩上→记者看到Molly正在跟着Fliss在海滩上捡垃圾,很惊讶→Fliss向记者讲述Molly在海滩上捡垃圾时捡到了钱包→记者了解了他们的环保行为→第二天他们的事迹出现在报纸头版→感悟
When the journalist came, they two were on the beach.The journalist was surprised to find that Molly was picking up litter, following her owner.Fliss told the journalist it was on the way to collecting litter that Molly had found the purse.Hearing this, Molly stopped, wagging her tail as if she understood the whole situation.Having learned about the whole story, the journalist got to know what they had done to protect the local beach.Surprised and impressed, the journalist took some pictures.The next day they were on the front page of the newspaper.A minor action could make wonders!
　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷B篇)“I am not crazy,”says Dr.William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,”he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——自然科学探索——中西医结合治疗动物
24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A.He’s odd. B.He’s strict.
C.He’s brave. D.He’s rude.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知,Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法,再结合第一段中Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知,Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪,故选A项。]
25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A.He was trained in it at university.
B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C.He benefited from it as a patient.
D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments...likely to work on his patients...offering them to pets.”可知,Farber在尝试过针灸治疗后背痛得到了缓解,所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上,也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处,所以才决定把针灸应用到宠物身上,故选C项。]
26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C.Examples of rare animal diseases.
D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案　D　[段落大意题。本段主要讲述了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后病情有所好转的例子。由此可知,本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果,故选D项。]
27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A.To prove Farber’s point.
B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians.
D.To advocate animal protection.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据题干中的“the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700.”具体解释了上文中的“the past”,所以作者提到该组织是为了证明文中所说的“he may be right”,即为了证明Farber的观点是正确的,故选A项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.perform vt.& vi. 履行;执行;表演;演出;表现
2.conventional adj. 传统的;遵循习俗的,墨守成规的;普通平凡的
3.relief n. (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻,消除,缓和
4.ease v. (使)宽慰,减轻,缓解
5.adjustment n. 调整,调节
6.odd adj. 奇怪的,怪异的,反常的
7.ahead of one’s time 具有前瞻性的
8.have the last laugh 笑到最后,取得最后成功/胜利
9.alternative treatment 替代疗法
10.have a heart attack 心脏病发作
11.be prepared to do sth 愿意做某事(尤指难做或通常不做的事)
12.put sth to sleep (用药物)使长眠,无痛苦地杀死(生病或受伤的动物)
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
condition [熟义] n.状态,状况
[生义] n.(因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病
He suffers from a serious heart condition.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic and herbal medicine.
分析:本句是一个“主系表”结构,表语是one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians;practicing “holistic” medicine为现在分词短语作定语,修饰veterinarians;combining traditional...为现在分词短语作定语,修饰“holistic” medicine。
句意:他是少数但逐渐增多的美国兽医之一,这一群体正在实践“整体”医学——一种结合了传统的西方治疗、针灸、按摩疗法和草药医学的治疗方法。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales,such as sperm whales,have one hole,baleen (鲸须) whales,such as humpback and Rice’s whales,have two.
Even among the baleen whales,the place of those nostrils differs.In some species they are close together.In others,they are much further apart.In a paper published in Biology Letters,Conor Ryan,a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science,suggests why that might be.Having two nostrils,he argues,helps whales smell in stereo (立体的).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物),which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat something,you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In fact,the olfactory bulb (嗅球)—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs,which suggests smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物).When these are under attack,they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide (二甲硫),which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes,for instance,allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The further apart the sensory organs are,the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species.Sure enough,baleen whales that often eat zooplankton,such as the North Atlantic right whale,have nostrils that are further apart than do those,such as humpback whales,that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to breathe,it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——鲸鱼的鼻孔
1.What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A.They are adapted ones.
B.They are developed merely for smell.
C.They are not easy to detect.
D.They are fixed universally in numbers.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea”可知,鲸鱼的喷水孔其实是鼻孔,它通过进化略微变成一种对在海上生活的哺乳动物更有用的形态。由此可知,鲸鱼的喷水孔是进化而来的,故选A项。]
2.What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A.The teeth that baleen whales have.
B.The smell that phytoplankton send.
C.The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D.The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures...which in turn attracts baleen whales.”可知,浮游动物喜欢吃浮游植物,而浮游植物受到攻击时会释放二甲硫,从而吸引须鲸。由此可知,浮游植物释放的气体吸引须鲸捕食浮游动物,故选B项。]
3.How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A.By quoting a theory.
B.By using examples.
C.By making contrast.
D.By making inferences.
答案　B　[写作手法题。根据第四段中的“for instance”可知,本段是通过举例来说明“stereoscopic senses”的,故选B项。]
4.What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A.The sense of smell.
B.The possibility to attract food.
C.The ability to locate food.
D.The ability to communicate.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“baleen whales that often eat zooplankton...some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.”可知,一些鲸鱼会用其喷水孔来判断晚餐的方向。由此可知,鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力相关,故选C项。]
(2025·吉林高三第三次模拟)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与植物——植物对声音的探测和反应
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据第一段的“In 1986...a thought,initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。]
6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers recorded the vibrations...harder for the caterpillars to eat.”可知,Heidi和Reginald的研究具有实际意义,让装有扬声器的无人机替代化学农药来驱虫成为可能。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。]
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句话可知,像豌豆这样的植物可以“听到”水,它们的根会对水引起的震动做出反应。这一发现有助于防止植物根系对下水道系统造成损害。Monica认为可以投资静音管道以保护下水道系统,故选B项。]
8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
P:paragraph.
答案　C　[写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现在有证据表明,植物可以感知声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍三个研究作为证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
A growing number of studies show that warming temperatures are increasing death in creatures ranging from birds in the Mojave Desert to bumblebees in North America.Researchers warn that heat stress could become a major factor in future extinctions of wildlife.　1　
It is important to have plenty of water for wildlife to drink and bathe in.　2　 But even heat-loving creatures can only survive if they can find enough water.A shallow dish of water will benefit a wide variety of wildlife.If you want to do more,you can create a tiny pond.It’s possible to make a simple one out of an old washing-up bowl.
　3　 A pile of wood in a shady corner will offer places for insects to hide.Heatwaves are not the time to tidy your garden either—leave any plants uncut.They’ll provide shelter and food if they’ve gone to seed.
Food is important.You can grow plants that can consistently provide quality food sources.Artificial feeding with feeders can also be a good choice.　4　 Keep food dry and clean any feeders that animals come in direct contact with to reduce disease.
Reducing the heat can be another effective way.Compared to plants,concrete surfaces absorb more heat in the day—about more than 20 ℃ hotter than grass.　5　 Besides,in the shade of trees,surface temperatures can be reduced by around 10 ℃,so planting a tree in your garden will cool both you and wildlife down.
A.Hot weather can be great for some creatures.
B.So why not replace those surfaces with plants
C.Be sure what you are offering is high-quality and digestible.
D.Fortunately,you can give a helping hand with a few easy steps.
E.You can also help animals by offering them somewhere cool to rest.
F.How can you make your local area become more friendly to animals
G.Follow these simple tips to make sure you’re keeping animals properly.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——四种帮助野生动物在酷暑中生存的方法
1.D　[上文提到了越来越多的研究表明,气温的升高正在增加野生动物的死亡数量。研究人员警告说,热应激可能成为未来野生动物灭绝的一个主要因素。下文介绍了一些具体的应对措施,因此空处应承上启下。D项“幸运的是,你可以通过一些简单的步骤来提供帮助。”承上启下,符合语境。]
2.A　[本段主要讲的是为野生动物提供一些水。根据空后的“But even heat-loving creatures can only survive if they can find enough water.”可知,空处内容与空后一句构成转折关系,且与喜热动物有关。A项“炎热的天气对某些生物来说可能很好。”符合语境。]
3.E　[空处位于段首,是本段的主题句。通读全段可知,本段主要讲的是给动物提供乘凉的场所。E项“你也可以帮助动物,为它们提供凉爽的地方休息。”能够概括本段的大意。]
4.C　[本段主要讲的是给野生动物提供一些食物。空前提到了用喂食器人工喂食也是一个不错的选择。空后提到了保持食物干燥,并清洁动物直接接触的喂食器以减少疾病。由此可知,空处应与用喂食器人工喂养动物的注意事项有关。C项“确保你提供的东西是高质量且易消化的。”与上下文衔接紧密。]
5.B　[本段主要讲的是给环境降温。空前讲到与植物相比,混凝土表面在白天吸收更多的热量——比草地高出20 ℃以上。空后讲到在树荫下地表温度可以降低10 ℃左右,所以在花园里种一棵树可以让你和野生动物都凉快下来。由此可知,空处内容应为降低地表温度的措施。B项“那么为什么不用植物代替那种表面呢 ”紧扣本段主题,与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·郑州高三第二次质量预测)
After my mother suffered from Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病),the plants in our house began to die.In years past,I remember the deep,earthy smell that would 　1　 in our house after my mother had made her weekly watering rounds.Back then,I never connected it with the care that was at the 　2　 of everything she did.
But now,leaves were 　3　,some dry and edged with brown,and many of the stems (茎) bare.It was a mark of how my mother can no longer attend to all the things that she lovingly cared for.I was so focused on the increasing 　4　 of her own care that her beloved plants had escaped my 　5　.
I began her old rounds,pouring water into the thirsty soil,and soon the plants 　6　.That’s the thing about houseplants:They demand nothing.They wait quietly,no matter how 　7　 they are.But even after my best 　8　,some of the plants couldn’t survive.My mother’s kind caregivers have since brought new ones to add to her 　9　,and my father buys fresh flowers every week.
Though Alzheimer’s disease 　10　 so much of her memory,her desire to care is still there.I would guide her down the steps to water the plants herself.I watched as her shaking hands picked the brown leaves.Each time,she smiled up at me with 　11　 satisfaction because being able to 　12　 something is still what brings her the greatest joy.
I look at plants 　13　 these days.I see them as my mother does:　14　 reminders of the need for kindness toward all living things.It is clear to me that the things we spend a lifetime 　15　 are never truly lost and the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花).
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与植物——妈妈通过浇花表达对所有生物的善意和关心
1.A.pile on B.rise up
C.come over D.wander off
答案　B　[根据上下文的叙述可知,在过去的几年里,妈妈每周浇过花后,都会有一股浓郁的泥土气息在房子里升腾(rise up)起来,故选B项。pile on “堆积”;come over “短暂造访”;wander off “漫游,徘徊”。]
2.A.beginning B.top
C.foundation D.thought
答案　C　[根据最后一段最后一句话中的“the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花)”可知,作者认为妈妈的爱和关心是妈妈做所有一切事情的基础(foundation),但是以前作者从未把妈妈浇花带来的泥土气息和妈妈对花的关心联系起来,故选C项。]
3.A.dropping B.appearing
C.turning D.waving
答案　A　[根据空前的“But”和空后的“some dry and edged with brown,and many of the stems (茎) bare”可知,然而现在叶子正在掉落(dropping),有一些干枯了,有一些边缘变黄,还有很多茎是光秃秃的,故选A项。]
4.A.processes B.possibilities
C.goals D.demands
答案　D　[根据上文可知,作者的妈妈患有阿尔茨海默病,作者集中精力于自己母亲不断增加的需求(demands)上,以至于她心爱的植物已经逃脱了作者的注意(notice),故选D项。]
5.A.desire B.memory
C.protection D.notice
答案　D　[参见上题解析。]
6.A.recovered B.absorbed
C.dried D.shone
答案　A　[根据上文的“I began her old rounds,pouring water into the thirsty soil”可知,作者也开始了妈妈的常规浇水活动,给干涸的土壤浇水。由此可知,不久之后植物开始恢复(recovered)生机,故选A项。]
7.A.lonely B.helpless
C.thirsty D.anxious
答案　C　[根据上文可知,作者一开始给植物浇水,植物就恢复了生机。这让作者认为植物并不要求什么,无论它们多渴(thirsty),它们都安静地等待着,故选C项。]
8.A.contributions B.attempts
C.choices D.explorations
答案　B　[根据空前的“But even”和空后的“some of the plants couldn’t survive”可知,即使在作者竭尽全力(attempts)之后,有部分植物仍然无法存活,故选B项。]
9.A.collection B.love
C.sharing D.amusement
答案　A　[根据上文的“mother’s kind caregivers have since brought new ones to add to her”和下文的“and my father buys fresh flowers every week”可知,妈妈的家庭护理员已经带来了一些新的植物添加到妈妈所种植的植物中,即增加她的收藏(collection),爸爸每周也会买来新鲜的花,故选A项。]
10.A.recalls B.hides
C.steals D.escapes
答案　C　[根据空前的“Though Alzheimer’s disease”和空后的“so much of her memory”可知,阿尔茨海默病偷走(steals)了她如此多的记忆,故选C项。]
11.A.deep B.passing
C.slight D.longing
答案　A　[根据上文的“Each time,she smiled up at me”和下文的“satisfaction”可知,作者的妈妈对于仍然能够照顾给自己带来最大的快乐的东西而感到深深的(deep)满足,故选A项。]
12.A.live with B.find out
C.care for D.focus on
答案　C　[根据第一段中的“after my mother had made her weekly watering rounds”可知,作者的妈妈一直给植物浇水,即照顾、关心(care for)植物,故选C项。]
13.A.definitely B.curiously
C.strangely D.differently
答案　D　[根据下文的“I see them as my mother does”可知,作者一开始对植物不管不顾,后来又像妈妈那样给植物浇水,表明作者对于植物的态度发生了转变,即看待植物都不同(differently)了,故选D项。]
14.A.final B.quiet
C.permanent D.quick
答案　B　[根据第三段中的“They wait quietly”可知,作者像妈妈那样看待植物:有如无声的(quiet)提醒,告诉作者要善待所有生灵,故选B项。]
15.A.growing B.seeking
C.expecting D.saving
答案　A　[根据下文的“and the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花)”可知,作者认为我们花费毕生时间所种植(growing)的东西永远不会真正消失,故选A项。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
The changes in the sounds of oceans affect many marine (海洋的) animals,1.　　　　　　 very small fishes to huge whales.Fishes and other marine animals use the sounds they catch underwater 2.　　　　　　 (communicate) with each other,and the sounds also help some animals find food and avoid dangerous 3.　　　　　　 (hunt).However,the increasing noise from shipping traffic and underwater oil and gas exploration is making it 4.　　　　　　 hard thing for these animals to hear each other.
The Red Sea,one of the world’s most important waterways,5.　　　　　　 (pack) with large ships traveling to Asia,Europe,and Africa.Some fishes and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas.In addition,the overall number of marine animals 6.　　　　　　 (go) down significantly since 1970.
Experts examine articles 7.　　　　　　 (document) changes in the volume and frequency of noise in the world’s oceans.Then they put together a picture of when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing 8.　　　　　　　　 how marine life is affected.They state that influence is extremely 9.　　　　 (notice) when “a noise is at the same frequency and volume as 10.　　　　 (biological) important sounds,such as calls signaling danger.”
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——人类活动产生的噪音对海洋生物的影响
1.from　[考查介词。从非常小的鱼类到巨大的鲸鱼,许多海洋动物都受到海洋的声音变化的影响。此处为from...to... “从……到……”固定搭配。]
2.to communicate　[考查非谓语动词。鱼类及其他海洋动物利用它们在水下捕捉到的声音相互交流,这些声音也有助于一些海洋动物寻找食物并避开危险的狩猎者。句子谓语动词为use,空处应为动词不定式作目的状语。use sth to do sth “利用某物做某事”。]
3.hunters　[考查词性转换和名词的数。根据空前的“avoid dangerous”可知,空处应用名词作宾语;hunter “狩猎者,猎人”为可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用其复数形式。]
4.a　[考查冠词。然而,由航运交通、水下石油和天然气勘探产生的噪声不断增加,让这些动物很难听到彼此的声音。此处泛指一件困难的事,故用不定冠词a。]
5.is packed　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。红海是世界上最重要的航道之一,挤满了前往亚洲、欧洲和非洲的大型船只。The Red Sea与pack “挤进,涌进;塞满,挤满”之间是被动关系,且文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填is packed。]
6.has gone　[考查时态和主谓一致。句中的“since 1970”为现在完成时的标志词,主语为“the overall number of marine animals”,中心词是number,因此谓语用单数,故填has gone。]
7.documenting　[考查非谓语动词。专家们研究了记录世界海洋噪声响度和频率变化的文章。空处在句中作非谓语,document “记录,记载”与articles之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式作宾补,填documenting。]
8.and　[考查并列连词。然后,他们拼凑出一幅呈现海洋变化何时开始、海洋如何变化,以及海洋生物如何受到影响的景象。when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing和how marine life is affected是并列成分,故填并列连词and。]
9.noticeable　[考查词性转换。他们指出,当“一种噪声与生物学上重要的声音(如预示危险的叫声)处于相同的频率和响度”时,其影响非常明显。空处应用形容词作表语,noticeable “显著的,显而易见的”。]
10.biologically　[考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词important,应用副词。biologically “生物地,与生命过程有关地”。]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·八省联考)
I was in Philadelphia for a conference when I saw an ad in the hotel.A nearby theater was showing a documentary (纪录片) about several local animal shelters that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country.I love animals,and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event.However,none of my co-workers would go with me,and I was worried about walking on the street alone at night.
I resigned myself to spending the evening in my hotel room,but as soon as I got back to my room I felt restless and bored.The theater where the event was taking place was only about five blocks from the hotel,and the area around the hotel didn’t seem particularly dangerous.So,I decided to brave it.I gathered up my wallet and room key and set off.
It was already getting dark and the streets were nearly deserted.I managed to find the street the theater was on,but when I turned the corner,I stopped in shock.In front of the theater were a group of bikers—very big,tough-looking bikers.
I’ve known lots of motorcycle enthusiasts and most are nice people.However,in this case,I was a woman all alone,in a strange neighborhood,at night,and there were twenty or so very large men—all wearing insignia (徽章) that indicated they were in some sort of club—standing before me.Warning bells began to sound in my head,and my heart was pounding.Was I at the right theater Had I misread the date of the event
A sign outside the theater told me that I was in the right place on the right evening.Nevertheless,I wondered if I should rush back to my hotel instead of walking through that crowd of bikers.I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theater.Hopefully,the bikers would have gone away by the time the film was over.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
I hurried into the theater,only to find there were even more bikers inside.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　When the film began,I realized that the bikers were an animal rescue group.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
I hurried into the theater, only to find there were even more bikers inside.I hesitated for a moment, unsure whether I had made the right decision.But when I looked around, I noticed the atmosphere was surprisingly warm and friendly.Everyone was chatting excitedly, and several people were wearing T-shirts with animal rescue logos.It turned out that the bikers were there to support the event, not to intimidate anyone.Their rugged appearance was in stark contrast to their caring nature.
When the film began, I realized that the bikers were an animal rescue group.They were deeply involved in saving abandoned dogs, working tirelessly to provide care and find homes for them.The documentary showed heartwarming scenes of the bikers rescuing dogs from shelters, nursing them back to health, and then finding them loving families.It was clear that these tough-looking individuals had big hearts, and their passion for animal welfare was truly inspiring.By the end of the event, I felt grateful for the opportunity to witness their incredible work and left the theater feeling both moved and hopeful. (共152张PPT)
主题28　人与环境、人与动植物
主题语境三 人与自然
主题群八　环境保护
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the land;选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental protection;选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea exploration;必修第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection
外研版 必修第一册Unit 6 At one with nature;必修第二册Unit 6 Earth first;必修第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!;选择性必修第二册Unit 5 A delicate world;Unit 6 Survival;选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature;必修第一册Unit 5 Into the wild;选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature
译林版 必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance;选择性必修第三册Unit 1 Wish you were here
北师大版 必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature;选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Conservation
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
主题词句 自查过关
一、人与环境
1.adopt vt.　　　 采取(某种方法、政策、态度)vi.& vt. 收养,领养
adoption n. 采用;收养;(候选人的)选定
adopted adj. 收养的,领养的
2.adorable adj. 可爱的,讨人喜爱的
adore v. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱;极喜欢
3.boundary n. 边界;分界线
【主题语料·分类群记】
4.buffet n. 自助餐;(车站)快餐部
5.edge n. 边,边缘
6.enormous adj. 巨大的,庞大的
7.fashion n. 时尚
fashionable adj. 流行的;时髦的;上流社会的
fashionably adv. 赶时髦地;按照流行地
8.harmony n. 协调;和睦;融洽;调和
harmonious adj. 和谐的,和睦的;协调的
harmoniously adv.和谐地
9.incredible adj. 极好的;极大的;难以置信的
incredibly adv. 难以置信地;非常地
10.label v. 加标签或标记;分类n.标签;标记
11.lung n. 肺
12.rare adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的
rarely adv. 很少;难得
13.route n. 路线;路途;途径
14.sneeze vi.& n. 打喷嚏
15.sour adj. 酸的,有酸味的;馊的
vi.& vt. (使)变坏;(使)变味,(使)酸腐
16.steam vi. 蒸发;散发蒸汽
vt.& vi. 蒸(食物)
n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力;水汽
17.stretch vt.& vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;(使)延伸
18.territory n. 地区,地方;领土;领域
19.vast adj. 巨大的(huge);辽阔的
20.visible adj. 看得见的,可见的
invisible adj. 无形的,看不见的
21.vision n. 视野;视力
二、人与动植物
1.alarming adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
alarm v. 使惊恐;使害怕n.恐慌;警报;警报器
alarmed adj. 害怕的;担忧的
2.attack n.& v. 攻击;抨击
3.average n. 平均(数);一般水平;平均标准
adj. 平常的;普遍的;平均的
v. 平均为;求……的平均数
4.concern v. 影响,牵扯(某人);关系到,涉及;使担心
n. 担心,忧虑;关爱,关心;关心的事
concerned adj. 担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的
concerning prep. 关于
5.creature n. 生物;动物
6.endanger v. 使遭受危险;危害
endangered adj. 濒危的
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
7.deer n. 鹿
8.dolphin n. 海豚
9.eagle n. 鹰
10.evolve vt.& vi. 进化;(使)逐渐发展
evolution n. 进化(论);演变,发展
11.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
12.goods n. 商品;货物
13.habitat n. 栖息地
14.hunt vt.& vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕
hunter n. 猎人
hunting n. 打猎,狩猎
15.insect n. 昆虫
16.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
17.koala n. 树袋熊;考拉
18.measure n. 措施;方法v.测量;度量;估量
19.observe v. 观察;遵守;庆祝,过(节日、生日等)
20.reptile n. 爬行动物
21.reserve n. 保护区;储备(量)v.保持;保留;预订
reservation n. 保留地;预订
reserved adj. 预订的;保留的
22.shark n. 鲨鱼
23.shoot vi.& vt.(shot,shot) (使朝某方向)冲,奔;射击;射门;摄影
24.skin n. 皮肤;外壳
skinny adj. 极瘦的,皮包骨的
25.species n. 物种,种
26.threat n. 威胁
threaten vt. 威胁;危及
threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
27.unusual adj. 特别的;不寻常的
usual adj. 通常的;惯常的
usually adv. 通常;经常;一般
28.whale n. 鲸
三、主题词块
1.be native to 源于……的;原产于……的
2.die out 灭绝;逐渐消失;熄灭
3.protect...from... 保护……不受……(的危害)
4.set foot upon/on 踏上
5.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理;对……撒手不管
6.call for (公开) 要求;需要
7.take...into account 把……考虑进去
8.seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
9.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
10.do one’s part 尽某人的职责
11.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
12.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生
13.link...to... 把……和……联系起来
14.rely on/upon 依赖;依靠;信赖
e into being 形成;产生
16.make out 看清;听清;分清
17.under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
18.feed on (动物) 以……为食
四、主题佳句
1.“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式
As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on the environment.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
2.while引导让步状语从句
While many effective measures have been taken,the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved.
尽管已经采取了许多有效的措施,环境保护的问题仍然远未得到解决。
3.“介词+which”引导定语从句
When it comes to environmental protection,planting trees has also become an important means by which our hometown becomes much cleaner.
当谈到环境保护,植树也成为一个重要的手段,通过它我们的家乡变得更加清洁。
4.“only+状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会与大自然和谐共处,我们才不会继续成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.These ____________(adore) little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.(2024·全国甲卷)
2.No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is ____________(rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
adorable
rarely
3.Jones’ idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the ____________(visible) social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
4.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting ____________(endanger) species across the ridges and valleys.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.Airplanes seed ____________(threaten) storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(2024·浙江1月卷)
invisible
endangered
threatening
6.It’s ____________(incredible)important to maintain good sleeping habits and try to go to sleep early.
7.The beach was filled with ____________(fashion) ladies and gentlemen enjoying the early evening breezes,when panicked shouts suddenly echoed through the air.
8.It has also facilitated the ________________(adopt) of clean energy in Africa,helping it avoid the pollution associated with Western industrialization.
incredibly
fashionable
adoption
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出average的汉语意思
A.adj.平均的　　B.adj.普通的 C.n.平均数 D.v.计算出……的平均数
①The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.(2022·浙江1月卷)_____
②When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)_____
A
D
③It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day._____
④The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.(2023·全国乙卷)_____
C
B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①However,while some of her classmates edged ahead,others actually fell behind.(2024·浙江1月卷)______________________
②The newspaper had unjustly labelled him as a troublemaker. __________________________
③I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.(2023·浙江1月卷)___________
④To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.(2023·全国乙卷)___________
v.(使)徐徐移动,渐渐移动
v.(尤指不公平地)把……称为
n.一片
v.拍摄,摄影
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.To live a green and healthy life,everyone in the world should _________________________________________________________.
为了过上绿色健康的生活,世界上每个人都应该为环境保护尽自己的一份力。
2.People may find it unbelievable that two hundred years ago people did not ________________________________________________.
人们可能会觉得难以置信,200年前人们并没有将疾病与环境问题联系起来。
do his or her part for environmental protection
link illness to environmental problems
3.Since there were humans in the world, ________________________________________________________.
自从世界上有了人类,成千上万种动物已经灭绝。
4.The giant panda,one of the most recognizable endangered species, ________________________________________________________.
大熊猫,世界上最易识别的濒危物种之一,原产于中国西部的森林。
thousands of kinds of animals have died out
is native to the forest of Western China
5.Jack commits himself to environmental protection, ________________________________. They put almost all their heart and soul into it.(so+助动词+主语)
杰克致力于环境保护,他的妻子也是。他们几乎为此付出了全部的心血。
6._________________________________________________________,
there is still a long way to go before we can enjoy a clean and comfortable world.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管有关环境保护的法律已经生效,但距离我们能享受一个干净舒适的世界还有很长的路要走。
and so does his wife
While the laws on environmental protection have been put into effect
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、人与环境
1.____________ vt. 采取(某种方法、政策、态度) vi.& vt. 收养,领养
____________ n. 采用;收养;(候选人的)选定
____________ adj.收养的,领养的
2.____________ adj.可爱的,讨人喜爱的
____________ v. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱;极喜欢
3.____________ n. 边界;分界线
adopt
adoption
adopted
adorable
adore
boundary
4.____________ n. 自助餐;(车站)快餐部
5.____________ n. 边,边缘
6.____________ adj. 巨大的,庞大的
7.____________ n. 时尚
____________ adj. 流行的;时髦的; 上流社会的
____________ adv. 赶时髦地;按照流行地
buffet
edge
enormous
fashion
fashionable
fashionably
8.____________ n. 协调;和睦;融洽;调和
____________ adj. 和谐的,和睦的;协调的
____________ adv. 和谐地
9.____________ adj. 极好的;极大的; 难以置信的
____________ adv. 难以置信地;非常地
10.____________ v. 加标签或标记;分类 n.标签;标记
11.____________ n. 肺
harmony
harmonious
harmoniously
incredible
incredibly
label
lung
12.____________ adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的
____________ adv. 很少;难得
13.____________ n. 路线;路途;途径
14.____________ vi.& n. 打喷嚏
15.____________ adj. 酸的,有酸味的;馊的
vi.& vt. (使)变坏;(使)变味,(使)酸腐
16.____________ vi. 蒸发;散发蒸汽
vt.& vi. 蒸(食物)
n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力;水汽
rare
rarely
route
sneeze
sour
steam
17.____________ vt.& vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长; 伸出;(使)延伸
18.____________ n. 地区,地方;领土;领域
19.____________ adj. 巨大的(huge);辽阔的
20.____________ adj. 看得见的,可见的
____________ adj. 无形的,看不见的
21.____________ n. 视野;视力
stretch
territory
vast
visible
invisible
vision
二、人与动植物
1.____________ adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
____________ v. 使惊恐;使害怕 n.恐慌;警报;警报器
____________ adj. 害怕的;担忧的
2.____________ n.& v. 攻击;抨击
3.____________ n. 平均(数);一般水平; 平均标准
adj. 平常的;普遍的;平均的
v. 平均为;求……的平均数
alarming
alarm
alarmed
attack
average
4.____________ v. 影响,牵扯(某人); 关系到,涉及;使担心
n. 担心,忧虑;关爱,关心;关心的事
____________ adj. 担心的,忧虑的; 关注的,关切的
____________ prep. 关于
5.____________ n. 生物;动物
6.____________ v. 使遭受危险;危害
____________ adj. 濒危的
____________ n. 危险
____________ adj. 危险的
concern
concerned
concerning
creature
endanger
endangered
danger
dangerous
7.____________ n. 鹿
8.____________ n. 海豚
9.____________ n. 鹰
10.____________ vt.& vi. 进化;(使)逐渐发展
____________ n. 进化(论);演变,发展
11.____________ n. 灭绝,绝种
____________ adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
12.____________ n. 商品;货物
deer
dolphin
eagle
evolve
evolution
extinction
extinct
goods
13.____________ n. 栖息地
14.____________ vt.& vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕
____________ n. 猎人
____________ n. 打猎,狩猎
15.____________ n. 昆虫
16.____________ n. 袋鼠
17.____________ n. 树袋熊;考拉
18.____________ n. 措施;方法 v. 测量;度量;估量
habitat
hunt
hunter
hunting
insect
kangaroo
koala
measure
19.____________ v. 观察;遵守;庆祝, 过(节日、生日等)
20.____________ n. 爬行动物
21.____________ n. 保护区;储备(量) v.保持;保留;预订
____________ n. 保留地;预订
____________ adj. 预订的;保留的
22.____________ n. 鲨鱼
23.____________ vi.& vt.(______,______)
(使朝某方向)冲,奔;射击;射门;摄影
observe
reptile
reserve
reservation
reserved
shark
shoot
shot
shot
24.____________ n. 皮肤;外壳
____________ adj. 极瘦的,皮包骨的
25.____________ n. 物种,种
26.____________ n. 威胁
____________ vt. 威胁;危及
____________ adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
27.____________ adj. 特别的;不寻常的
____________ adj. 通常的;惯常的
____________ adv. 通常;经常;一般
28.____________ n. 鲸
skin
skinny
species
threat
threaten
threatening
unusual
usual
usually
whale
【默写主题词块】
1._______________________　源于……的;原产于……的
2._______________________ 灭绝;逐渐消失;熄灭
3._______________________ 保护……不受……(的危害)
4._______________________ 踏上
5._______________________ 对……置之不理;对……撒手不管
6._______________________ (公开) 要求;需要
7._______________________ 把……考虑进去
be native to
die out
protect...from...
set foot upon/on
turn one’s back (on sb/sth)
call for
take...into account
8.________________ 寻求解决方法
9.________________ 突然记起(或想到)
10.________________ 尽某人的职责
11.________________ 处境危险,受到威胁
12.________________ 在……边缘;某事快要发生
13.________________ 把……和……联系起来
14.________________ 依赖;依靠;信赖
seek solutions to
spring to mind
do one’s part
be at risk
on the edge of
link...to...
rely on/upon
15.________________ 形成;产生
16.________________ 看清;听清;分清
17.________________ 在压力下;承受压力
18.________________ (动物) 以……为食
come into being
make out
under pressure
feed on
1.As the human population continues to grow,_____________________
_____________________________.(“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式)
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
2.__________________________________________________________,
the problem of environmental protection remains far from being
solved.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管已经采取了许多有效的措施,环境保护的问题仍然远未得到解决。
so does the effect we have on the environment
【默写主题佳句】
While many effective measures have been taken
3.When it comes to environmental protection,planting trees has also become an important means _________________________________
____________________________. (“介词+which”引导定语从句)
当谈到环境保护,植树也成为一个重要的手段,通过它我们的家乡变得更加清洁。
4.__________________________________________________________ being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(“only+状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装)
只有学会与大自然和谐共处,我们才不会继续成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
by which our hometown becomes much cleaner
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop
主题词句 重点突破
1.adopt vt.采用;采取;采纳 vt.& vi.领养 (adopted adj.收养的,领养的 adoption n.收养,领养;采用)
adopted
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Please send your contributions to englishcolumn@.cn.If not ____________(adopt),contributions will be returned to authors within a month.
②Danny is their ____________(adopt) son,but they treat him as their own son.
adopted
③We all have to ___________________________________________,
such as turning off lights when leaving a room.(倡议书)
我们所有人都必须在日常生活中采取节能措施,例如离开房间时关灯。
adopt measures to save energy in our daily lives
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt an approach/measures 采用方法/采取措施
(2)adopted son/daughter/child 养子/养女/领养的孩子
2.harmony n.融洽相处;和谐;协调 (harmonious adj.和谐的,和睦的;协调的 harmoniously adv.和谐地)
harmonious
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Sometimes only a little kindness can make a great difference,making the world more beautiful and ____________(harmony).
②Personally speaking,the earth is our home and human society comes from nature,so confronted with challenges,animals and human beings should still ___________________________________________
____________________.(倡议书)
就我个人而言,地球是我们的家园,人类社会来自大自然,所以面对挑战,动物和人类仍然要彼此和谐地生活在一起。
live harmoniously with/live in harmony with
each other
后牢记　用法归纳
in harmony with... 与……和谐相处;与……协调
out of harmony with... 与……不协调
live in harmony 和睦相处,和谐共处
3.average n.平均数;平均水平 adj.平均的;正常的;普通的 v.计算出……的平均数
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①His academic performance is well ____________average,but he is still modest and helpful.
②The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest plateau,____________ (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.
above
averaging
③Global life expectancy ________________71.4 years.
世界人口的人均寿命为71.4岁。
④________________,in a busy city,there are hundreds or even thousands of shared bicycles available at any time.(2024·全国甲卷)
平均而言,在繁忙的城市里,任何时候都有数百甚至数千辆共享单车可供使用。
averages out to
On average
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平
on average 平均;一般地
the average of... ……的平均数
(2)be of average height 中等身材
(3)average out to 平均达
4.concern v.涉及;让……担忧;与……有关 n.担心,忧虑;关心;(利害)关系 (concerned adj.担心的;关切的;感兴趣的;有关的 concerning prep.关于;涉及)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Due to the lack of scientific proof ____________(concern) their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.(2024·浙江1月卷)
concerning
②The meeting was concerned __________reforms and everyone present was concerned ____________their own interests.
③________________________________, focusing on the economic growth and technological advancements China has acquired over the past 75 years is a must.(建议信;2024·北京卷)
在我看来,关注中国过去75年所获得的经济增长和技术进步是必须的。
with
for/about
As far as I’m concerned
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)show/express concern for/about 对……表示关心
(2)as far as...be concerned 就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关;对……关注
5.measure n.措施;方法 v.测量;度量;估量;(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①We rode along the river ____________(measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.(浙江卷)
measuring
②因此,我们是时候采取有效措施保护海洋了。(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
→Therefore,it is high time that we ____________________________
________________________________________.(主动语态)
→Therefore,it is high time that _______________________________
________________________________________.(被动语态)
should take/took effective
measures to protect the oceans
effective measures should be
taken/were taken to protect the oceans
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)measure...by... 用……来度量……
(2)make...to sb’s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
[点拨]　measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时,不用于被动语态和进行时态。
6.reserve v.储备;保留;预订 n.储备(量);贮藏;保护区 (reservation n.预订;保留地 reserved adj.预订的;保留的)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Beijing was once a city of bikes,known as the Bicycle Kingdom, where cars ________________(reserve) for official business.
②We should keep some clean water ____________reserve in case of unexpected water supply disruptions.
were reserved
in
③I support this measure,but it doesn’t mean _________________________________________________________.
我支持这项措施,但这并不意味着我毫无保留地支持你。
④Many endangered animals find their last shelter ________________________________. (短文投稿)
许多濒危动物在野生动物自然保护区找到它们最后的庇护所。
that I support you without reservation/reserve
in the wildlife nature reserve
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)reserve sth for... 为……保留某物;把某物留给……
(2)in reserve 备用;储备
(3)make a reservation 预订,预约
without reservation/reserve 毫无保留地;完全地
7.die out 灭亡;逐渐消失;熄灭
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die ____________skin cancer as a woman.
②His speech was so great that it was several minutes before the applause died __________________________.
③Learning that you are dying __________(visit) Beijing,I am willing to act as your tourist guide.
of
down
to visit
④With the living environment becoming worse and worse, ________________________________________________________.
随着生存环境变得越来越差,许多物种正在逐渐灭绝。
many species are gradually dying out
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from... 因……而死
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
(2)be dying for sth 渴望;极想
be dying to do sth 极想做某事
8.rely on/upon 依赖;依靠;信赖 (reliable adj.可信赖的;可依赖的;可靠的)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①You can rely on the responsible consultant ________________(help) you out,because he is a ____________(rely) person.
to help
reliable
②我最尊敬我的叔叔,因为每当我身处困境时,我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(全国Ⅰ卷)
→I respect my uncle most because I can __________________________________________________________whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)
→I respect my uncle most because I can __________________________________________________________whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...)
rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions
rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
后牢记　用法归纳
rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth 指望/依靠某人/某物
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……;指望……
9.“so+助动词+主语”倒装句式
As the human population continues to grow,so does the effect we have on the environment.
随着人口的持续增长,我们对环境的影响也在不断增加。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①If my brother takes part in the competition to be held next week,so ____________I.
②He didn’t know what that would be,and ____________did I.
shall/will
nor/neither
③—In order to live a low-carbon life,the girls walk to school every day.
—________________________________.
——为了过低碳生活,女孩们每天步行去上学。
——她们的确如此。
④Mary is a conservationist and she makes a great contribution to environmental protection.__________________________________.
玛丽是一位环保主义者,她对环境保护做出了巨大贡献。简也是如此。
So they do
So it is with Jane/It is the same with Jane
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)“so+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语”用于肯定陈述句之后,意为“……也是如此”,so用来代替上文的内容。
(2)如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定,则仅把so放于句首,其后用正常语序,即“so+主语+情态动词/助动词/be动词”。
(3)如果表示前面的两件或两件以上的事也适合另一人或物,则需要用“So it is/was with...”或“It is/was the same with...”。
(4)“nor/neither+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语”用于否定陈述句之后,表示“……也不”,相当于either用于否定句。
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——保护野生动物倡议书
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　假如你是国际学校学生李华,随着国际生物多样性日(5月22日)的到来,爱护动物已成为世界十大环保工作之一。请你在学校贴吧上发布一份倡议。要点如下:
1.当前现状;2.提出倡议;3.其他。
　　With International Day for Biological Diversity (May 22nd) approaching,it’s crucial to focus on wildlife protection.Currently,the situation of wild animals is extremely alarming. 1.__________________________________________________________(许多濒危物种正处于灭绝的边缘) due to various reasons like illegal hunting and the destruction of their habitats.
Many endangered species are on the edge of extinction
We hereby call for everyone to take action.Firstly, 2.__________________________________________________________ (我们应该采取有效的措施来保护这些珍贵的生物). Refuse to buy products made from wild animals,which may encourage illegal hunting.Secondly,if possible,we can actively participate in 3.__________________________________________________________(与野生动物保护相关的志愿活动).
we should adopt effective measures to protect these precious creatures
volunteer activities related to wildlife protection
We are all part of this beautiful ecosystem.Only when we 4.__________________________________________________________(与野生动物和谐相处) can our earth maintain its ecological balance.Let’s join hands and do our part to protect these lovely animals.
live in harmony with wild animals
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:Fliss和她的狗Molly之间有一种特殊的关系→为了解决海边的环保问题,Fliss训练Molly捡海滩垃圾→Fliss的车库里有60%都是海滩垃圾,等着被分发给当地艺术家用于他们的艺术创作→有一次Molly捡回一个装有一本护照、几张信用卡和一串钥匙的钱包……
场景续写1:Fliss立即和Molly一起把钱包带到当地警察局→把钱交给警察,并做出解释→警方感动,并保证找到失主→第二天记者打电话要采访Fliss
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station with Molly.______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When they arrived, Fliss tied Molly to a fireplug outside and went in herself.She handed the purse to a police officer and explained everything.Greatly touched, he shook her hand and thanked her for doing her duty, promising that he would do his best to find the owner.Fliss felt reassured and went back with Molly.The next day, a journalist called to make an appointment for an interview.
场景续写2:记者来的时候,他们俩正在海滩上→记者看到Molly正在跟着Fliss在海滩上捡垃圾,很惊讶→Fliss向记者讲述Molly在海滩上捡垃圾时捡到了钱包→记者了解了他们的环保行为→第二天他们的事迹出现在报纸头版→感悟
When the journalist came, they two were on the beach. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The journalist was surprised to find that Molly was picking up litter, following her owner.Fliss told the journalist it was on the way to collecting litter that Molly had found the purse.Hearing this, Molly stopped, wagging her tail as if she understood the whole situation.Having learned about the whole story, the journalist got to know what they had done to protect the local beach.Surprised and impressed, the journalist took some pictures.The next day they were on the front page of the newspaper.A minor action could make wonders!
主题阅读 综合运用
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷B篇)“I am not crazy,”says Dr.William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,”he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——自然科学探索——中西医结合治疗动物
24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A.He’s odd. B.He’s strict.
C.He’s brave. D.He’s rude.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知,Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法,再结合第一段中Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知,Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪,故选A项。
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25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A.He was trained in it at university.
B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C.He benefited from it as a patient.
D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments...likely to work on his patients...offering them to pets.”可知,Farber在尝试过针灸治疗后背痛得到了缓解,所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上,也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处,所以才决定把针灸应用到宠物身上,故选C项。
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26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C.Examples of rare animal diseases.
D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
解析　段落大意题。本段主要讲述了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后病情有所好转的例子。由此可知,本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果,故选D项。
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27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A.To prove Farber’s point. B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection.
解析　推理判断题。根据题干中的“the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700.”具体解释了上文中的“the past”,所以作者提到该组织是为了证明文中所说的“he may be right”,即为了证明Farber的观点是正确的,故选A项。
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[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.perform vt.& vi. 履行;执行;表演;演出;表现
2.conventional adj. 传统的;遵循习俗的,墨守成规的;普通平凡的
3.relief n. (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻,消除,缓和
4.ease v. (使)宽慰,减轻,缓解
5.adjustment n. 调整,调节
6.odd adj. 奇怪的,怪异的,反常的
7.ahead of one’s time 具有前瞻性的
8.have the last laugh 笑到最后,取得最后成功/胜利
9.alternative treatment 替代疗法
10.have a heart attack 心脏病发作
11.be prepared to do sth 愿意做某事(尤指难做或通常不做的事)
12.put sth to sleep (用药物)使长眠,无痛苦地杀死(生病或受伤的动物)
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
condition [熟义] n.状态,状况
[生义]_________________________________
He suffers from a serious heart condition.
n.(因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病
(三)由文本学长难句分析
He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic and herbal medicine.
分析:本句是一个“主系表”结构,表语是one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians;practicing “holistic” medicine为现在分词短语作定语,修饰____________;combining traditional...为现在分词短语作定语,修饰_____________________________。
句意:_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
veterinarians
“holistic” medicine
他是少数但逐渐增多的美国兽医之一,这一群体正在实践“整体”医学——一种结合了传统的西方治疗、针灸、按摩疗法和草药医学的治疗方法。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales,such as sperm whales,have one hole,baleen (鲸须) whales,such as humpback and Rice’s whales,have two.
Even among the baleen whales,the place of those nostrils differs.In some species they are close together.In others,they are much further apart.In a paper published in Biology Letters,Conor Ryan,a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science,suggests why that might be.Having two nostrils,he argues,helps whales smell in stereo (立体的).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物),which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat something,you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In fact,the olfactory bulb (嗅球)—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs,which suggests smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物).When these are under attack,they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide (二甲硫),which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes,for instance,allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The further apart the sensory organs are,the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14
different species.Sure enough,baleen whales that often eat zooplankton,such as the North Atlantic right whale,have nostrils that are further apart than do those,such as humpback whales,that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to breathe,it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——鲸鱼的鼻孔
1.What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A.They are adapted ones.
B.They are developed merely for smell.
C.They are not easy to detect.
D.They are fixed universally in numbers.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea”可知,鲸鱼的喷水孔其实是鼻孔,它通过进化略微变成一种对在海上生活的哺乳动物更有用的形态。由此可知,鲸鱼的喷水孔是进化而来的,故选A项。
√
2.What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A.The teeth that baleen whales have.
B.The smell that phytoplankton send.
C.The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D.The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures...which in turn attracts baleen whales.”可知,浮游动物喜欢吃浮游植物,而浮游植物受到攻击时会释放二甲硫,从而吸引须鲸。由此可知,浮游植物释放的气体吸引须鲸捕食浮游动物,故选B项。
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3.How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A.By quoting a theory. B.By using examples.
C.By making contrast. D.By making inferences.
解析　写作手法题。根据第四段中的“for instance”可知,本段是通过举例来说明“stereoscopic senses”的,故选B项。
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4.What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A.The sense of smell. B.The possibility to attract food.
C.The ability to locate food. D.The ability to communicate.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“baleen whales that often eat zooplankton...some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.”可知,一些鲸鱼会用其喷水孔来判断晚餐的方向。由此可知,鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力相关,故选C项。
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(2025·吉林高三第三次模拟)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the
sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与植物——植物对声音的探测和反应
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段的“In 1986...a thought,initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。
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6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers recorded the vibrations...harder for the caterpillars to eat.”可知,Heidi和Reginald的研究具有实际意义,让装有扬声器的无人机替代化学农药来驱虫成为可能。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。
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7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句话可知,像豌豆这样的植物可以“听到”水,它们的根会对水引起的震动做出反应。这一发现有助于防止植物根系对下水道系统造成损害。Monica认为可以投资静音管道以保护下水道系统,故选B项。
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8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
P:paragraph.
解析　写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现在有证据表明,植物可以感知声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍三个研究作为证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
A growing number of studies show that warming temperatures are increasing death in creatures ranging from birds in the Mojave Desert to bumblebees in North America.Researchers warn that heat stress could become a major factor in future extinctions of wildlife.__1___
It is important to have plenty of water for wildlife to drink and bathe in.__2__ But even heat-loving creatures can only survive if they can find enough water.A shallow dish of water will benefit a wide variety of wildlife.If you want to do more,you can create a tiny pond.It’s possible to make a simple one out of an old washing-up bowl.
__3__ A pile of wood in a shady corner will offer places for insects to hide.Heatwaves are not the time to tidy your garden either—leave any plants uncut.They’ll provide shelter and food if they’ve gone to seed.
Food is important.You can grow plants that can consistently provide quality food sources.Artificial feeding with feeders can also be a good choice.__4__ Keep food dry and clean any feeders that animals come in direct contact with to reduce disease.
Reducing the heat can be another effective way.Compared to plants,concrete surfaces absorb more heat in the day—about more than 20 ℃ hotter than grass.__5__ Besides,in the shade of trees,surface temperatures can be reduced by around 10 ℃,so planting a tree in your garden will cool both you and wildlife down.
A.Hot weather can be great for some creatures.
B.So why not replace those surfaces with plants
C.Be sure what you are offering is high-quality and digestible.
D.Fortunately,you can give a helping hand with a few easy steps.
E.You can also help animals by offering them somewhere cool to rest.
F.How can you make your local area become more friendly to animals
G.Follow these simple tips to make sure you’re keeping animals properly.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——四种帮助野生动物在酷暑中生存的方法
1.D　 [上文提到了越来越多的研究表明,气温的升高正在增加野生动物的死亡数量。研究人员警告说,热应激可能成为未来野生动物灭绝的一个主要因素。下文介绍了一些具体的应对措施,因此空处应承上启下。D项“幸运的是,你可以通过一些简单的步骤来提供帮助。”承上启下,符合语境。]
2.A　 [本段主要讲的是为野生动物提供一些水。根据空后的“But even heat-loving creatures can only survive if they can find enough water.”可知,空处内容与空后一句构成转折关系,且与喜热动物有关。A项“炎热的天气对某些生物来说可能很好。”符合语境。]
3.E　 [空处位于段首,是本段的主题句。通读全段可知,本段主要讲的是给动物提供乘凉的场所。E项“你也可以帮助动物,为它们提供凉爽的地方休息。”能够概括本段的大意。]
4.C　 [本段主要讲的是给野生动物提供一些食物。空前提到了用喂食器人工喂食也是一个不错的选择。空后提到了保持食物干燥,并清洁动物直接接触的喂食器以减少疾病。由此可知,空处应与用喂食器人工喂养动物的注意事项有关。C项“确保你提供的东西是高质量且易消化的。”与上下文衔接紧密。]
5.B　 [本段主要讲的是给环境降温。空前讲到与植物相比,混凝土表面在白天吸收更多的热量——比草地高出20 ℃以上。空后讲到在树荫下地表温度可以降低10 ℃左右,所以在花园里种一棵树可以让你和野生动物都凉快下来。由此可知,空处内容应为降低地表温度的措施。B项“那么为什么不用植物代替那种表面呢 ”紧扣本段主题,与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。 ]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·郑州高三第二次质量预测)
After my mother suffered from Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病),the plants in our house began to die.In years past,I remember the deep,earthy smell that would __1__ in our house after my mother had made her weekly watering rounds.Back then,I never connected it with the care that was at the __2__ of everything she did.
But now,leaves were __3__,some dry and edged with brown,and many of the stems (茎) bare.It was a mark of how my mother can no longer attend to all the things that she lovingly cared for.I was so focused on the increasing __4__ of her own care that her beloved plants had escaped my __5__.
I began her old rounds,pouring water into the thirsty soil,and soon the plants __6__.That’s the thing about houseplants:They demand nothing.They wait quietly,no matter how __7__ they are.But even after my best __8__,some of the plants couldn’t survive.My mother’s kind caregivers have since brought new ones to add to her __9__,and my father buys fresh flowers every week.
Though Alzheimer’s disease __10__ so much of her memory,her desire to care is still there.I would guide her down the steps to water the plants herself.I watched as her shaking hands picked the brown leaves.Each time,she smiled up at me with __11__ satisfaction because being able to __12__ something is still what brings her the greatest joy.
I look at plants __13__ these days.I see them as my mother does:__14__ reminders of the need for kindness toward all living things.It is clear to me that the things we spend a lifetime __15__ are never truly lost and the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花).
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与植物——妈妈通过浇花表达对所有生物的善意和关心
1.A.pile on B.rise up C.come over D.wander off
解析　根据上下文的叙述可知,在过去的几年里,妈妈每周浇过花后,都会有一股浓郁的泥土气息在房子里升腾(rise up)起来,故选B项。pile on “堆积”;come over “短暂造访”;wander off “漫游,徘徊”。
2.A.beginning B.top C.foundation D.thought
解析　根据最后一段最后一句话中的“the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花)”可知,作者认为妈妈的爱和关心是妈妈做所有一切事情的基础(foundation),但是以前作者从未把妈妈浇花带来的泥土气息和妈妈对花的关心联系起来,故选C项。
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3.A.dropping B.appearing C.turning D.waving
解析　根据空前的“But”和空后的“some dry and edged with brown,and many of the stems (茎) bare”可知,然而现在叶子正在掉落(dropping),有一些干枯了,有一些边缘变黄,还有很多茎是光秃秃的,故选A项。
4.A.processes B.possibilities C.goals D.demands
解析　根据上文可知,作者的妈妈患有阿尔茨海默病,作者集中精力于自己母亲不断增加的需求(demands)上,以至于她心爱的植物已经逃脱了作者的注意(notice),故选D项。
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5.A.desire B.memory C.protection D.notice
解析　参见上题解析。
6.A.recovered B.absorbed C.dried D.shone
解析　根据上文的“I began her old rounds,pouring water into the thirsty soil”可知,作者也开始了妈妈的常规浇水活动,给干涸的土壤浇水。由此可知,不久之后植物开始恢复(recovered)生机,故选A项。
7.A.lonely B.helpless C.thirsty D.anxious
解析　根据上文可知,作者一开始给植物浇水,植物就恢复了生机。这让作者认为植物并不要求什么,无论它们多渴(thirsty),它们都安静地等待着,故选C项。
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8.A.contributions B.attempts C.choices D.explorations
解析　根据空前的“But even”和空后的“some of the plants couldn’t survive”可知,即使在作者竭尽全力(attempts)之后,有部分植物仍然无法存活,故选B项。
9.A.collection B.love C.sharing D.amusement
解析　根据上文的“mother’s kind caregivers have since brought new ones to add to her”和下文的“and my father buys fresh flowers every week”可知,妈妈的家庭护理员已经带来了一些新的植物添加到妈妈所种植的植物中,即增加她的收藏(collection),爸爸每周也会买来新鲜的花,故选A项。
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10.A.recalls B.hides C.steals D.escapes
解析　根据空前的“Though Alzheimer’s disease”和空后的“so much of her memory”可知,阿尔茨海默病偷走(steals)了她如此多的记忆,故选C项。
11.A.deep B.passing C.slight D.longing
解析　根据上文的“Each time,she smiled up at me”和下文的“satisfaction”可知,作者的妈妈对于仍然能够照顾给自己带来最大的快乐的东西而感到深深的(deep)满足,故选A项。
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12.A.live with B.find out C.care for D.focus on
解析　根据第一段中的“after my mother had made her weekly watering rounds”可知,作者的妈妈一直给植物浇水,即照顾、关心(care for)植物,故选C项。
13.A.definitely B.curiously C.strangely D.differently
解析　根据下文的“I see them as my mother does”可知,作者一开始对植物不管不顾,后来又像妈妈那样给植物浇水,表明作者对于植物的态度发生了转变,即看待植物都不同(differently)了,故选D项。
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14.A.final B.quiet C.permanent D.quick
解析　根据第三段中的“They wait quietly”可知,作者像妈妈那样看待植物:有如无声的(quiet)提醒,告诉作者要善待所有生灵,故选B项。
15.A.growing B.seeking C.expecting D.saving
解析　根据下文的“and the love she has planted in me still blooms (开花)”可知,作者认为我们花费毕生时间所种植(growing)的东西永远不会真正消失,故选A项。
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Ⅳ. 语法填空
The changes in the sounds of oceans affect many marine (海洋的) animals,1.____________ very small fishes to huge whales.Fishes and other marine animals use the sounds they catch underwater 2.____________ (communicate) with each other,and the sounds also help some animals find food and avoid dangerous 3.____________ (hunt).However,the increasing noise from shipping traffic and underwater oil and gas exploration is making it 4.____________ hard thing for these animals to hear each other.
The Red Sea,one of the world’s most important waterways,5.____________ (pack) with large ships traveling to Asia,Europe,and Africa.Some fishes and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas.In addition,the overall number of marine animals 6.____________ (go) down significantly since 1970.
Experts examine articles 7.____________ (document) changes in the volume and frequency of noise in the world’s oceans.Then they put together a picture of when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing 8.____________ how marine life is affected.They state that influence is extremely 9.____________ (notice) when “a noise is at the same frequency and volume as 10.____________ (biological) important sounds,such as calls signaling danger.”
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——人与动物——人类活动产生的噪音对海洋生物的影响
1.from　 [考查介词。从非常小的鱼类到巨大的鲸鱼,许多海洋动物都受到海洋的声音变化的影响。此处为from...to... “从……到……”固定搭配。]
2.to communicate　 [考查非谓语动词。鱼类及其他海洋动物利用它们在水下捕捉到的声音相互交流,这些声音也有助于一些海洋动物寻找食物并避开危险的狩猎者。句子谓语动词为use,空处应为动词不定式作目的状语。use sth to do sth “利用某物做某事”。]
3.hunters　 [考查词性转换和名词的数。根据空前的“avoid dangerous”可知,空处应用名词作宾语;hunter “狩猎者,猎人”为可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用其复数形式。]
4.a　 [考查冠词。然而,由航运交通、水下石油和天然气勘探产生的噪声不断增加,让这些动物很难听到彼此的声音。此处泛指一件困难的事,故用不定冠词a。]
5.is packed　 [考查时态语态和主谓一致。红海是世界上最重要的航道之一,挤满了前往亚洲、欧洲和非洲的大型船只。The Red Sea与pack “挤进,涌进;塞满,挤满”之间是被动关系,且文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填is packed。]
6.has gone　 [考查时态和主谓一致。句中的“since 1970”为现在完成时的标志词,主语为“the overall number of marine animals”,中心词是number,因此谓语用单数,故填has gone。]
7.documenting　 [考查非谓语动词。专家们研究了记录世界海洋噪声响度和频率变化的文章。空处在句中作非谓语,document “记录,记载”与articles之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式作宾补,填documenting。]
8.and　 [考查并列连词。然后,他们拼凑出一幅呈现海洋变化何时开始、海洋如何变化,以及海洋生物如何受到影响的景象。when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing和how marine life is affected是并列成分,故填并列连词and。]
9.noticeable　 [考查词性转换。他们指出,当“一种噪声与生物学上重要的声音(如预示危险的叫声)处于相同的频率和响度”时,其影响非常明显。空处应用形容词作表语,noticeable “显著的,显而易见的”。]
10.biologically　 [考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词important,应用副词。biologically “生物地,与生命过程有关地”。 ]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·八省联考)
I was in Philadelphia for a conference when I saw an ad in the hotel.A nearby theater was showing a documentary (纪录片) about several local animal shelters that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country.I love animals,and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event.However,none of my co-workers would go with me,and I was worried about walking on the street alone at night.
I resigned myself to spending the evening in my hotel room,but as soon as I got back to my room I felt restless and bored.The theater where the event was taking place was only about five blocks from the hotel,and the area around the hotel didn’t seem particularly dangerous.So,I decided to brave it.I gathered up my wallet and room key and set off.
It was already getting dark and the streets were nearly deserted.I managed to find the street the theater was on,but when I turned the corner,I stopped in shock.In front of the theater were a group of bikers—very big,tough-looking bikers.
I’ve known lots of motorcycle enthusiasts and most are nice people.However,in this case,I was a woman all alone,in a strange neighborhood,at night,and there were twenty or so very large men—all wearing insignia (徽章) that indicated they were in some sort of club—standing before me.Warning bells began to sound in my head,and my heart was pounding.Was I at the right theater Had I misread the date of the event
A sign outside the theater told me that I was in the right place on the right evening.Nevertheless,I wondered if I should rush back to my hotel instead of walking through that crowd of bikers.I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theater.Hopefully,the bikers would have gone away by the time the film was over.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
I hurried into the theater,only to find there were even more bikers inside.________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
　　When the film began,I realized that the bikers were an animal rescue group.________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
I hurried into the theater, only to find there were even more bikers inside.I hesitated for a moment, unsure whether I had made the right decision.But when I looked around, I noticed the atmosphere was surprisingly warm and friendly.Everyone was chatting excitedly, and several people were wearing T-shirts with animal rescue logos.It turned out that the bikers were there to support the event, not to intimidate anyone.Their rugged appearance was in stark contrast to their caring nature.
When the film began, I realized that the bikers were an animal rescue group.They were deeply involved in saving abandoned dogs, working tirelessly to provide care and find homes for them.The documentary showed heartwarming scenes of the bikers rescuing dogs from shelters, nursing them back to health, and then finding them loving families.It was clear that these tough-looking individuals had big hearts, and their passion for animal welfare was truly inspiring.By the end of the event, I felt grateful for the opportunity to witness their incredible work and left the theater feeling both moved and hopeful.

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