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主题群九　灾害防范
主题29　自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护
对接教材 人教版 必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters
外研版 必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope
译林版 必修第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、自然灾害与防范
1.bury vt.　　　　　 埋葬,安葬;埋藏
burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
2.calm vt. 使平静,使镇静
vi. 平静下来,镇静下来
adj. 镇静的,沉着的
calmly adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地
calmness n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁
3.crack n. 裂纹;裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
4.damage n. 损害;损坏;损失
vt. 损害;损坏
5.death n. 死;死亡
dead adj. 死的;枯萎的
deadly adj. 致命的;极度的
die v. 死亡
dying adj. 垂死的;临终的;快熄灭的
6.deliver v. 递送,传送;分娩
delivery n. (贸易)交付;分娩;递送
7.destroy v. 破坏
destruction n. 破坏
destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的
8.disaster n. 灾难;灾害
9.drought n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾
10.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头
emergent adj. 新兴的;处于发展初期的
emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况
11.erupt vi. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
eruption n. 喷发
12.evacuate vt. 疏散;撤出
vi. 撤离
13.flood n. 洪水;大量
vi. 淹没;大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水;淹没;充斥
14.helicopter n. 直升机
15.hurricane n. 飓风
16.magnitude n. (地)震级;重大
17.percent n. 百分之……
percentage n. 百分率;百分比
18.rescue n.& v. 营救;救援
rescuer n. 救助者
19.revive vt.& vi. 复活;(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴;复苏
20.ruin v.& n. 糟蹋;毁坏
21.slide vi.& vt.(slid,slid) 滑行
vi. 贬值;逐渐陷入
n. 幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩
22.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck) 突然发生(某种不幸);打,击
striking adj. 显著的,突出的,惊人的;打击的;罢工的
23.suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤、匮乏等)受苦;变差
vt. 遭受
suffering n. 痛苦,苦难,折磨
sufferer n. 患者;受害者
24.sweep vt.& vi.(swept,swept) 席卷,横扫;打扫;吹走;清除
n. 打扫,清扫
25.tap vi.& vt. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n. 水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
26.trap vt.(trapped,trapped) 使落入险境;使陷入圈套
n. 险境;陷阱
27.unify vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体
28.wave vi.& vt. 招手
vi. 挥舞;飘扬
n. 波浪;浪潮;挥手
29.whistle vi. 吹口哨;发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声);呼啸声
二、安全常识与自我保护
1.ambulance n. 救护车
2.ankle n. 踝;脚踝;踝骨
3.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 流血;失血
bleeding n.& adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
blood n. 血;血液
4.carpet n. 地毯
v. 把……厚厚地覆盖
5.choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住;(使)窒息
6.collapse vi.& n. (突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
7.desperate adj.绝望的;危急的;不顾一切的;铤而走险的;极度渴望的;非常需要的
desperately adv. 绝望地;非常
desperation n. 绝望的境地
8.drown vi.& vt. (使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
drowning adj. 溺水的
drowned adj. 淹死的
9.fist n. 拳头
10.fog n. 雾(mist);迷惑;困惑
foggy adj. 有雾的;雾茫茫的
11.grab vt.& vi.(grabbed,grabbed) 抓住;攫取
n. 抓取;抢夺
12.leaflet n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子
13.loosely adv. 不严谨地;松弛地
loose adj. 宽松的;散漫的;不牢固的;不精确的
v. 释放;松开;射出(子弹、箭等)
loosen vt.& vi. 放松;松开
14.manual n. 使用手册;说明书
adj. 用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的
15.membership n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
16.millimetre n. 毫米;千分之一米
17.motion n. 运动;移动
v. 做动作,示意
motionless adj. 静止的;不运动的
18.nerve n. 神经;焦虑;勇气
nervous adj. 神经的;紧张不安的
nervously adv. 神经质地;焦急地
19.organ n. 器官
20.panic vt.& vi.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐,惶恐,惊慌
21.radiation n. 辐射,放射线;辐射的热(或能量等)
22.scream vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫
n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
23.slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜(slide);悄悄疾行;陷入
vi.& vt. 悄悄地放置;(迅速且容易地)穿上或脱下
n. 滑倒;片;条
24.swell vi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀,肿胀
vt. 使膨胀
swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的
25.underneath prep.& adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面
26.victim n. 受害者,牺牲品
27.ward n. 病房
28.wrap vt.& vi. 缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来
wrapper n. (食品等的)包装材料,包装纸
三、主题词块
1.hand out 分发
2.in shock 震惊;吃惊
3.be trapped in... 被困在……
4.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
5.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
6.safe and sound 安然无恙地
7.occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中
8.keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
9.dig out 掘出;发现
10.to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
11.in the open air 露天;在户外
12.get back up on one’s feet 重新振作起来
13.look forward to 盼望;期待
14.keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡
15.on the decline/decrease 正在下降
16.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园
17.be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
18.make joint efforts 共同努力
19.in panic 惊慌失措
20.return to normal 恢复正常
四、主题佳句
1.be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
2.It occurs/occurred to sb that...
某人突然想起……
It occurred to him that he had forgotten his wallet in the fire.
他突然想起他把钱包落在大火里了。
3.as if引导表语从句
At 3:42 am,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。
4.动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风,造成约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction (destroy).(2023·全国甲卷)
2.“We affect only a very small percentage (percent) of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr.Krauss says.(2024·浙江1月卷)
3.It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟),desperately (desperate) trying to escape.(2023·浙江1月卷)
4.When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very nervous (nerve).(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
5.The collapse was disastrous,requiring the emergency (emergent) medical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙卷)
6.Tourists at the hotel were excited to see the eruption (erupt),watching the events unfold while eating dinner,she said.
7.The last thing I saw was Don’s face,looking calmly (calm) back at me.(2020·浙江7月卷)
8.Nowadays,borrowing books from the library is as simple and convenient as shopping online:click,pay and wait for delivery (deliver).
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出strike的汉语意思
A.vt.打动　B.vt.使突然想起　C.n.罢工
D.vt.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E.vt.敲钟
①When I entered the room,the clock had just struck 10.E
②After his vivid introduction,the idea that it is definitely Yuan Longping’s intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck me deeply.(2023·浙江1月卷) A
③They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay.C
④A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of people.D
⑤A good way to promote popcorn struck to John and thus,he dashed to Bernald’s home like a gust of wind.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
(2023·全国甲卷) vi.大量涌入
②The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(2022·全国乙卷) n.连绵弯曲的地带
③In spring this area is carpeted with bluebells.v.厚厚地铺上
④To escape the unemployment trap,some unemployed people choose to start their own small businesses with limited resources.n.困境
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Volunteers are handing out emergency supplies to the victims of the earthquake.
志愿者们正在向地震灾民分发紧急物资。
2.A group of tourists were trapped in the cave when the flood came suddenly.
洪水突然来袭时,一群游客被困在山洞里。
3.To the rescue team’s relief,all the hikers were found safe in the mountains.
让救援队宽慰的是,山中所有的徒步旅行者都被发现安然无恙。
4.We were caught in a snowstorm on the mountain and had to find a shelter quickly.
我们在山上遭遇了暴风雪,不得不迅速找个避难所。
5.He was swept away by the rapid water.It seemed as if he was swallowed by the huge waves and we lost sight of him.(as if...)
他被急流冲走了,好像被巨浪吞没了,我们看不见他了。
6.After the earthquake,a lot of houses and roads were destroyed,leaving a great many people homeless.(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
地震过后,许多房屋和道路被摧毁,使许多人无家可归。
【默写主题单词】
一、自然灾害与防范
1.bury vt.　　　　　 埋葬,安葬;埋藏
burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
2.calm vt. 使平静,使镇静
vi. 平静下来,镇静下来
adj. 镇静的,沉着的
calmly adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地
calmness n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁
3.crack n. 裂纹;裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
4.damage n. 损害;损坏;损失
vt. 损害;损坏
5.death n. 死;死亡
dead adj. 死的;枯萎的
deadly adj. 致命的;极度的
die v. 死亡
dying adj. 垂死的;临终的;快熄灭的
6.deliver v. 递送,传送;分娩
delivery n. (贸易)交付;分娩;递送
7.destroy v. 破坏
destruction n. 破坏
destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的
8.disaster n. 灾难;灾害
9.drought n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾
10.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头
emergent adj. 新兴的;处于发展初期的
emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况
11.erupt vi. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
eruption n. 喷发
12.evacuate vt. 疏散;撤出
vi. 撤离
13.flood n. 洪水;大量
vi. 淹没;大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水;淹没;充斥
14.helicopter n. 直升机
15.hurricane n. 飓风
16.magnitude n. (地)震级;重大
17.percent n. 百分之……
percentage n. 百分率;百分比
18.rescue n.& v. 营救;救援
rescuer n. 救助者
19.revive vt.& vi. 复活;(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴;复苏
20.ruin v.& n. 糟蹋;毁坏
21.slide vi.& vt.(slid,slid) 滑行
vi. 贬值;逐渐陷入
n. 幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩
22.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck) 突然发生(某种不幸);打,击
striking adj. 显著的,突出的,惊人的;打击的;罢工的
23.suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤、匮乏等)受苦;变差
vt. 遭受
suffering n. 痛苦,苦难,折磨
sufferer n. 患者;受害者
24.sweep vt.& vi.(swept,swept) 席卷,横扫;打扫;吹走;清除
n. 打扫,清扫
25.tap vi.& vt. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n. 水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
26.trap vt.(trapped,trapped) 使落入险境;使陷入圈套
n. 险境;陷阱
27.unify vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体
28.wave vi.& vt. 招手
vi. 挥舞;飘扬
n. 波浪;浪潮;挥手
29.whistle vi. 吹口哨;发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声);呼啸声
二、安全常识与自我保护
1.ambulance n. 救护车
2.ankle n. 踝;脚踝;踝骨
3.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 流血;失血
bleeding n.& adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
blood n. 血;血液
4.carpet n. 地毯
v. 把……厚厚地覆盖
5.choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住;(使)窒息
6.collapse vi.& n. (突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
7.desperate adj.绝望的;危急的;不顾一切的;铤而走险的;极度渴望的;非常需要的
desperately adv. 绝望地;非常
desperation n. 绝望的境地
8.drown vi.& vt. (使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
drowning adj. 溺水的
drowned adj. 淹死的
9.fist n. 拳头
10.fog n. 雾(mist);迷惑;困惑
foggy adj. 有雾的;雾茫茫的
11.grab vt.& vi.(grabbed,grabbed) 抓住;攫取
n. 抓取;抢夺
12.leaflet n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子
13.loosely adv. 不严谨地;松弛地
loose adj. 宽松的;散漫的;不牢固的;不精确的
v. 释放;松开;射出(子弹、箭等)
loosen vt.& vi. 放松;松开
14.manual n. 使用手册;说明书
adj. 用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的
15.membership n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
16.millimetre n. 毫米;千分之一米
17.motion n. 运动;移动
v. 做动作,示意
motionless adj. 静止的;不运动的
18.nerve n. 神经;焦虑;勇气
nervous adj. 神经的;紧张不安的
nervously adv. 神经质地;焦急地
19.organ n. 器官
20.panic vt.& vi.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐,惶恐,惊慌
21.radiation n. 辐射,放射线;辐射的热(或能量等)
22.scream vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫
n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
23.slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜(slide);悄悄疾行;陷入
vi.& vt. 悄悄地放置;(迅速且容易地)穿上或脱下
n. 滑倒;片;条
24.swell vi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀,肿胀
vt. 使膨胀
swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的
25.underneath prep.& adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面
26.victim n. 受害者,牺牲品
27.ward n. 病房
28.wrap vt.& vi. 缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来
wrapper n. (食品等的)包装材料,包装纸
【默写主题词块】
1.hand out 分发
2.in shock 震惊;吃惊
3.be trapped in... 被困在……
4.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
5.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
6.safe and sound 安然无恙地
7.occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中
8.keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
9.dig out 掘出;发现
10.to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
11.in the open air 露天;在户外
12.get back up on one’s feet 重新振作起来
13.look forward to 盼望;期待
14.keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡
15.on the decline/decrease 正在下降
16.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园
17.be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
18.make joint efforts 共同努力
19.in panic 惊慌失措
20.return to normal 恢复正常
【默写主题佳句】
1.I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.(be doing...when...)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
2.It occurred to him that he had forgotten his wallet in the fire.(It occurs/occurred to sb that...)
他突然想起他把钱包落在大火里了。
3.At 3:42 am,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.(as if引导表语从句)
凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。
4.On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风,造成约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
1.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏 (burial n.埋葬;葬礼)
先运用　补全句子/句式升级
①Ever since graduation,she has been buried in/buried herself in relic protection and restoration work,making great contributions in this field.(人物介绍)
自毕业以来,她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作,在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。
②Hearing the bad news,she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.(动作描写)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,burying her face in her hands.(动词-ing形式作状语)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,with her face buried in her hands.(with复合结构)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,her face buried in her hands.(独立主格结构)
后牢记　用法归纳
bury sth in 把某物埋在……
bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于,专心于
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
2.ruin n.废墟;毁灭 vt.毁灭;使破产
先运用　补全句子
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins.(场景描写)
当他们回到镇上时,他们震惊地发现他们家附近成了废墟。
②You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.(主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落,衰败
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
3.strike v.(struck,struck,striking)划(火柴);打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;达成(协议、合同等) n.罢工
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我突然想到,我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。
②我被他为我所做的事情打动了,没能控制住自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(情绪描写)
→Because I was struck with/by what he had done for me,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
→Struck by/with what he had done for me,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be struck with/by 被……袭击;被……打动/迷恋……
It strikes/occurs to/hits sb that... 某人突然想起……
sth strikes/occurs to sb 某人突然想到……
strike...into one’s heart ……使某人刻骨铭心
(2)be on strike 在罢工
4.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难 sufferer n.受难者;患者)
先运用　补全句子
①Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness,I was burning with anxiety,so I darted towards the hospital.(2022·浙江1月卷)
得知我的搭档得了重病,我非常焦虑,因此冲向了医院。
②My teacher exclaimed,“In the process of writing,you must have suffered defeats and hardships.It is the sufferings that make you more strong-willed.” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师感叹道:“在写作的过程中,你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚定。”
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)suffer from 患……病;受……苦
(2)suffer作及物动词时,意思同experience(体验;经历),其后可跟pain,defeat,hardship等词作宾语;suffer from中的from表示原因,意为“因……而受苦”。
5.sweep vt.& vi.扫;打扫;清扫;吹走 n.打扫,清扫;连绵一片 (sweeper n.清洁工;清洁器)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Robots have already been used to help people sweep up the houses,cook meals,look after their babies and so on.
②A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.
③Some awful news has swept (sweep)the country.
④The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,filling the room with the faint scent of the blooming flowers outside.(环境描写)
凉爽的风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,让房间里充满了外面盛开的花朵的淡淡香气。
后牢记　用法归纳
sweep along 使深受影响,使醉心
sweep aside 对……置之不理;无视
sweep away 彻底消除,消灭
sweep out 打扫干净,清扫干净
sweep up 清扫;打扫
sweep across/through (风、浪、火等迅猛地)扫过,掠过……
sweep the floor 扫地
6.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.陷阱;险境
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①People with weak control power are likely to be trapped into buying useless goods by the webcast.
②Trapped (trap) in the ruins for two days,the girl constantly held a positive attitude,firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue.
③The poor survivor laid/set a simple trap,attempting to catch a rabbit to satisfy his hunger,but in vain.
这位可怜的幸存者设下了一个简单的陷阱,试图抓住一只兔子来充饥,但却是白费力气。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into/get out of a trap 落入/摆脱圈套
lay/set a trap(for) (为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套
7.panic vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked,panicking) (使)惊慌 n.恐慌;惊恐
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Fortunately,people in panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
②Jane got into a panic,and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked.(心理描写)
简陷入了恐慌,她的心跳动得如此剧烈,以至于她感觉快要窒息了。
③The roar of the wild wolf panicked me into screaming,and I didn’t know how to ease the overwhelming panic.(心理描写)
野狼的嚎叫吓得我尖叫起来,我不知道如何缓解这无法抗拒的恐惧。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓皇行事
(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌
in panic 惊慌失措地;处在恐慌中
8.look forward to 期待;盼望
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The day he had been looking forward to came (come)—he signed up as a volunteer to educate the public on flood safety measures.
②Out of curiosity,I managed to squeeze into the crowd and looked forward to see (see) what happened.(动作描写)
③Thank you for considering my suggestion and I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this matter.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
谢谢你考虑我的建议,我期待听到你对此事的看法。
④Not only does carpooling help to build up positive relations with the carpoolers,but also it will contribute to reducing stress.
拼车不仅有助于和拼车者建立积极的关系,而且有助于减轻压力。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)look forward to 作 “盼望、期待”讲时,to是介词,后跟名词或动词-ing形式。
类似短语还有:get down to 着手做,pay attention to 注意,date back to起源于,apply oneself to致力于,contribute to 为……作贡献;有助于,stick to 坚持
(2)look forward也可表示“向前看”,后面跟to do表示目的。
9.be doing...when...　正在做……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
先运用　补全句子
①They were about to put up/on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them.
他们正要在户外搭起帐篷,这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。
②I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。
③Once,we were boating in a lake when the storms came unexpectedly.
有一次,我们正在湖中划船,暴风雨突然来袭。
后牢记　用法归纳
句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意,还用于以下三种句型:
(1)be about to do...when... 正要做……突然……
(2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……突然……
(3)had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时突然……
[应用文增分练]——“自然灾害”主题短文投稿
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　近些年来,世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害,造成极大的损失。假如你是李华,请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文,要点包括: 1.描述现象和后果; 2.分析自然灾害频发的原因; 3.提出你的关于减少自然灾害的建议。
　　Over the past few years,natural disasters 1.such as earthquakes,floods,hurricanes and sandstorms (诸如地震、洪水、飓风和沙尘暴等) have occurred frequently around the world,2.causing great damage (造成了巨大的破坏).Many cities and villages were left in ruins,and countless people became victims,suffering from loss of homes and even death.
The reasons for the frequent occurrence of natural disasters are mainly 3.due to human activities that break the balance of nature (因为破坏自然平衡的人类活动).Deforestation leads to soil erosion,and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases cause climate change.
To reduce natural disasters,we should plant more trees to prevent soil erosion,reduce carbon emissions to slow down climate change,and 4.make joint efforts to keep the balance of nature (共同努力来维持自然平衡).
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:一个寒冷的早晨,Jane正在附近的公园慢跑,突然发现一条受伤的哈士奇虚弱地躺在路边→Jane毫不犹豫地开车把狗送到动物诊所进行检查和治疗后,带着狗回家了,她给它起名叫Kobe→随着时间的推移,Kobe成为她形影不离的忠实朋友→有一天清晨,Jane被Kobe的大声吠叫和爪子抓门的声音吵醒→Kobe用嘴拉她的衣服,试图把她带离院子。它拱起背,鼻子在院子里不安地蹭着一块地→Jane感到惊讶和困惑……
场景续写1:Kobe用爪子挖地→看到管道→Jane意识到管道中有危险(狗鼻子灵敏)→立即回到屋里打电话
Then Kobe began to dig the ground with its paws. Before long, it dug a sizable hole in the yard.As the hole expanded, an old gas pipe appeared at the bottom, which concerned her.Given Kobe’s normally well-behaved nature, Jane suddenly realized that its unusual actions might mean a warning of danger.“Dogs usually have sharp noses and can accurately sense the presence of gas while we humans can’t.Something must have gone wrong with the pipe,” Jane thought to herself, nervous and scared.The next minute, she raced into the house and immediately contacted the local gas management department.
场景续写2:天然气工人到来→开始检测→气体泄漏→让村民离开→开始修理→恢复正常,村民感谢→感悟
Soon gas workers came.Without delay, they got down to detection.Sure enough, there was gas leaking from the aging pipe.It was so dangerous that all the villagers were urged to leave right away.Meanwhile, repair operations were conducted.The workers worked tirelessly for hours to replace the broken pipe.When everything returned to normal, the villagers couldn’t thank Kobe enough.But for its timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left the whole village in ruins.As the saying goes, one good deed deserves another.Jane’s kindness brought safety to herself and even the whole neighborhood.
　　(2024·浙江1月卷C篇)On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area,has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically,the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr.Stienwand says,“but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo,North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact,we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice,doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——灾害防范——防雹干预计划之争
28.What does the project aim to do
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
答案　B　[细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”。根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed...as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知,飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒特定化学物质,使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知,这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成,故选B项。]
29.Who are opposed to the project
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials.
D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知,Alberta中东部的农民担心人工降雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知,这些农民是反对这个计划的,故选A项。]
30.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知,Doswell博士对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的一场由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind ”,怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或者减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出,Doswell博士提到他1999年看到的龙卷风是为了表明人工降雨可能存在的风险,故选C项。]
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知,私营的气候工程可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去,也就是说这些公司将继续存在,故选D项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.costly adj. 造成损失的
2.insurance n. 保险
3.percentage n. 百分比
4.precious adj. 宝贵的
5.drought n. 干旱
6.proof n. 证据
7.proceed v. 继续进行
8.disastrous adj. 灾难性的
9.resident n. 居民
10.retire from 从……退休
11.in practice 实际上
12.be opposed to 反对
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
1.seed [熟义] n.种子,籽　[生义] v.在……播种
We seeded the field with corn.
2.thirsty [熟义] adj.口渴的　[生义] adj.干旱的
Look at the thirsty land.The plants are dying.
3.address [熟义] n.地址　[生义] v.演说,演讲
He addressed an audience of 10,000 supporters.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
分析:本句的主干为farmers worry that...,that引导宾语从句;破折号部分作插入语解释说明east-central Alberta。
句意:但是,在阿尔伯塔省中东部,也就是防雹工程飞行作业下风区的农民们担心,播云正在从他们干旱的土地上偷走宝贵的水分。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·河北高三上开学考试)
Dozens of wildfires are burning across Canada in May 2024 and sending unhealthy smoke blowing into the northern US again.At the same time,the southeastern US is getting smoke from Mexico,where drought (干旱) conditions have been fueling fires.
Last year,Canada’s record 2023 wildfire season introduced millions of Americans across the Midwest and northeastern states to the health threats of wildfire smoke,with air quality warnings that reached levels never seen there before.Professional baseball games were postponed and the skies in New York City turned orange,at times exposing millions of people to the worst air quality in the world.In some regions,the smoke hung on for days.Hotter,drier conditions,coupled with dry grasses and underbrush that built up over decades of fire control,have made large wildfires more common.
Canada is experiencing a second consecutive (连续) extremely dry year in 2024,and it is also facing the re-emergence of fires that burnt underground through the winter.In May,2024,smoke from fires in British Columbia and Alberta reached unhealthy levels from Montana to Wisconsin and began to spread south and east into the Midwest and Great Lakes region.The North American Seasonal Fire Assessment and Outlook for May through July highlights drought conditions in western Canada and Central America and higher than normal fire risk in both regions.More importantly,it notes the challenge of forecasting fire risk for later in the year as the El Ni o climate pattern changes to La Ni a in late summer.
Computer simulations (模拟) of the future in a warming climate show there will be more smoky days,higher smoke concentrations,larger burned areas and higher carbon emissions from the fires—which further fuel climate change.In short,people will need to learn to live with wildfire smoke.It won’t be every year,but it will be more common.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害与防范——加拿大野火
1.Why does the author mention “baseball games” and “the skies in New York”
A.To illustrate wildfires in Canada are a trend.
B.To emphasize the consequences of wildfires.
C.To show how scientists evaluate air quality.
D.To explain the return of wildfires in Canada.
答案　B　[写作意图题。根据第二段“Last year,Canada’s record 2023 wildfire...air quality in the world.”可推知,作者提到“棒球比赛”和“纽约的天空”是为了强调加拿大野火的后果,特别是对空气质量的影响,故选B项。]
2.What makes predicting the fire risk more challenging this year
A.Constant drought conditions.
B.Air pollution levels.
C.Climate pattern changes.
D.Larger burned areas.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“More importantly,it notes...La Ni a in late summer.”可知,气候模式的变化使得预测火灾风险变得更加困难,故选C项。]
3.Which statement does the author agree with concerning wildfire smoke
A.It will be a new normal.
B.It relies on climate change.
C.It can prevent La Ni a.
D.It means more burned areas.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,野火烟雾在未来可能会变得更加普遍,因此作者认为这将成为人们生活中的新常态,故选A项。]
4.What’s the text about
A.Canada’s wildfire issues.
B.Wildfire smoke in America.
C.Canadian wildfires’ effects on US air quality.
D.The risks of wildfires in Canada and America.
答案　C　[文章大意题。通读全文,结合第一段内容可知,本文主要介绍了加拿大2023年野火季以及2024年因季度干旱和地下火灾造成的野火烟雾对美国空气质量造成的影响,故选C项。]
Most major droughts have tended to happen on seasonal or yearly time scales (范围),resulting from variability in large-scale climate patterns such as El Ni o.But in the last six decades,there has been a transformation to more droughts that form over just a few weeks in most of the world,researchers of a new study at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology report in Science.This finding has implications for ecosystem conservation and agricultural management.
Some flash droughts develop into seasonal ones,yet even those that do not can cause significant damage to agriculture and contribute to other extreme weather events such as wildfires and heat waves.In the summer of 2012,a severe flash drought across the United States caused over $30 billion in damages.Flash droughts happen two to three times as often in wet regions such as northwest North America,Europe and southern China as elsewhere.Many affected areas transformed from normal conditions to extreme drought within a month,and no climate models predicted it.
As the world continues to warm,causing less rainfall,flash drought frequency is expected to continue to rise.Droughts can happen and strengthen rapidly,but current monitoring systems often cannot catch their beginning on short enough time scales.That makes flash droughts a sort of a hard nut,the researchers say.
“We have to improve these systems,” the lead researcher Yuan Xing says,“by exploring the mechanisms behind flash droughts,perhaps with the help of artificial intelligence.” Dealing with these droughts isn’t just about having a better tool set,Mark Svoboda,who first coined the term “flash droughts”,believes,but also a different mind-set.“It is human nature not to deal with drought until you’re in it.We advocate that drought be dealt with ahead and actively.”
语篇类型;说明文
主题语境;人与自然——自然灾害与防范——突发性干旱
5.What does the study find
A.Droughts are formed in shorter time.
B.Wildlife is adapting to a changing climate.
C.Climate change began sixty years ago.
D.Droughts often happen seasonally or yearly.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most major droughts have tended to happen on seasonal or yearly time scales (范围)”和“But in the last six decades...a few weeks in most of the world.”可知,研究发现,当前世界大部分地区的干旱仅在几周内就会形成。A项“干旱在更短时间内形成”;B项“野生动植物正在适应变化的气候”;C项“气候变化开始于60年前”;D项“干旱往往一季度或一年发生一次”。故选A。]
6.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.Reasons for flash droughts.
B.Consequences of flash droughts.
C.Regions attacked by droughts.
D.Extreme weather caused by droughts.
答案　B　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Some flash droughts develop into...wildfires and heat waves.”和“Many affected areas...climate models predicted it.”可知,第二段主要介绍了突发性干旱造成的后果,故选B。]
7.Why do researchers think of flash droughts as a hard nut
A.They worsen climate change.
B.They happen on a global scale.
C.They put agriculture at great risk.
D.They are hard to detect in time.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Droughts can happen and...a sort of a hard nut”可知,目前的监测系统通常无法在短时间内捕捉到突发性干旱的发生,这使突发性干旱成了一个棘手的问题,故选D。]
8.What does Svoboda suggest
A.Keeping a positive attitude.
B.Turning to AI for help.
C.Taking measures in advance.
D.Bettering existing tools.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is human nature...ahead and actively.”可知,Svoboda建议不要等到身陷干旱时再应对,而要提前行动,故选C。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖南高三二模)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane,failed dam,or overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly.　1　 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general,there are two types.　2　 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过量的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things.　3　 Living next to a river,dam,on the coast,or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season.　4　 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period,flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example,the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster,such as a tsunami,can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
　5　 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover,flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather,geography,and other man-made factors.
G.Generally,the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害与防范——洪水
1.D　[上文提到造成洪水的原因有多种,且洪水速度很快,下文提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性,建议做好充分的准备。D项(有时,它们来得毫无征兆)承上启下,符合语境。]
2.C　[上文提到洪水的定义,以及包含两种类型,下文具体描述第一种类型的洪水。C项(山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见)承上启下,符合语境。选项中的dry areas和下文的can’t absorb a lot of moisture呼应。]
3.F　[上文提到洪水的起因很多,下文提到了地理因素,F项(它们包括恶劣的天气、地理和其他人为因素)承上启下,符合语境。选项中的They指代前文的many things。]
4.G　[上文提到洪水暴发没有特定的季节。G项(一般来说,从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水的高发时期)承接上文,符合语境。选项中的from spring to fall和上文的flood season呼应。]
5.B　[空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,需统领段落内容。下文主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水。B项(洪水是可以预防和预测的)符合语境。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·吉林高三第四次模拟)
Norwood was at the wheel in Orlando,accompanied by her three closest friends.However,the laughter and chatter inside her car abruptly gave way to 　1　,as another vehicle 　2　 into theirs at a crossroads,sending their black car sailing into a nearby yard.
As smoke poured from her car,a bystander shouted,“It’s about to 　3　!Get out!” The impact had caved in (使塌陷) Norwood’s driver’s side door,　4　 it shut.　5　,but otherwise OK,she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends,who’d also managed to 　6　 themselves.
But halfway down the street,she 　7　 Simmons was missing.She hurried back and found Simmons 　8　 in the back seat.She 　9　 open the back door,dragged her friend out a few feet to safety,and laid her on the ground.However,Simmons showed no 　10　 of life!That was when Norwood started CPR.
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and 　11　 breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.No 　12　.And then,after the 30th compression (按压),Simmons began coughing.The CPR had 　13　!
Soon,the ambulance arrived and 　14　 Simmons to the hospital.When she heard how Norwood had saved her life,“I wasn’t 　15　,”Simmons said.“She will always help any way she can.”
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——安全常识与自我保护——车祸事故中的急救
1.A.screams B.jokes
C.songs D.regrets
答案　A　[根据下文可知,此处描述的是车祸发生时的情况,因为另一辆车在十字路口撞上了Norwood的车,所以车内的欢笑和谈话突然变成了尖叫,故选A项。]
2.A.changed B.faded
C.crashed D.dived
答案　C　[根据下文中的“sending their black car sailing into a nearby yard”可知,另一辆车撞上了她们的车,空处应用表示“碰撞”的动词,故选C项。]
3.A.break up B.pull up
C.start up D.blow up
答案　D　[根据上文中的“smoke poured from her car”和空后的“Get out”并结合常识可推测,旁观者喊的是车要爆炸了,故选D项。]
4.A.jamming B.securing
C.locking D.reaching
答案　A　[根据空前的“The impact had caved in (使塌陷) Norwood’s driver’s side door”可知,撞击力(impact)使驾驶员一侧的车门凹陷了,导致车门卡住(jam)无法打开,故选A项。]
5.A.Broken B.Shaken
C.Frozen D.Beaten
答案　B　[根据下文可知,此处描写的是车祸后Norwood的情况。空后的“but otherwise OK,she escaped through the window”表示“但其他方面还好,她从窗户逃出去了”,所以Norwood应该只是受到了惊吓,故选B项。]
6.A.test B.free
C.cure D.help
答案　B　[根据上文中的“she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends”可知,Norwood和她的两个朋友都逃了出去,所以她的两个朋友也成功解救了自己,故选B项。]
7.A.understood B.mentioned
C.realized D.assessed
答案　C　[根据上文中的“she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends”和空后的“Simmons was missing”可推测,Norwood从车里逃出来之后,在街上走了一半才突然意识到Simmons 不见了,故选C项。]
8.A.uncomfortable B.unsettled
C.uncontrollable D.unconscious
答案　D　[下文提到Norwood对Simmons进行了心肺复苏,说明Simmons当时处于昏迷状态,故选D项。]
9.A.threw B.slid
C.moved D.clicked
答案　A　[根据空后的“open the back door,dragged her friend out a few feet to safety”可知,这里表示她猛地打开后门,应用throw。throw “猛开,猛关”,故选A项。]
10.A.importance B.value
C.sign D.length
答案　C　[根据下文中的“That was when Norwood started CPR.”可知,Norwood对Simmons进行了心肺复苏,所以Simmons应该是没有生命迹象,故选C项。]
11.A.gradually B.desperately
C.approximately D.originally
答案　B　[根据上下文可知,Norwood在对Simmons进行急救(心肺复苏),所以这里表示她拼命地对着她朋友的嘴吹气,故选B项。]
12.A.gratitude B.concern
C.response D.equipment
答案　C　[根据上下文可知,在Norwood一段时间的心肺复苏后,Simmons还是没有反应,在第30次按压后,她才开始咳嗽,故选C项。]
13.A.failed B.started
C.returned D.worked
答案　D　[上文提到Simmons开始咳嗽,说明心肺复苏起作用了,故选D项。]
14.A.guided B.rushed
C.admitted D.led
答案　B　[救护车到达后,应该是迅速将病人送往医院,故选B项。]
15.A.surprised B.relieved
C.frustrated D.disappointed
答案　A　[根据下文中的“She will always help any way she can.”可知,Simmons对Norwood的救助并不惊讶,因为Norwood总是尽其所能地帮忙,故选A项。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·沈阳教学质量监测一)
Dayushan Island is located in Fuding,Fujian Province,known 1.　　　　　　 its untouched nature,green grasslands and attractive coastlines.
Its coast is eroded (侵蚀) by sea water,2.　　　　　　 (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs.But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds.It 3.　　　　 (list) in the “Top 10 most beautiful islands of China” by Chinese National Geography in 2005.It is 4.　　　　　　 uninhabited island and a true hidden treasure that has still preserved its quietness and 5.　　　　　　 (origin) form.
The best thing to do here is hike up the hills and find a high spot 6.　　　　　　 overlooks the sea,the grasslands and the lakes!Besides hiking,camping enjoys great 7.　　　　　　 (popular) on the island.The lakesides are great camping 8.　　　　　　 (destination) with peaceful water and grassland scenery.Remember to bring mosquito repellent (驱蚊剂) and not 9.　　　　　　 (swim) in the sea,because of the dangerous currents.The wind from the sea slowly blowing,the island’s morning mist 10.　　　　 (gradual) disappears,and beautiful scenery unfolds in front of you.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——大嵛山岛
1.for　[考查介词。be known for...表示“以……而闻名”,为固定短语,故填for。句意:大嵛山岛位于福建省福鼎市,以其原始的大自然、翠绿的草地和诱人的海岸线而闻名。]
2.revealing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,is是句子的谓语,故此处应填非谓语动词;reveal与其逻辑主语Its coast构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作状语,所以填revealing。句意:其海岸受海水侵蚀,显出裸露的基岩和礁脉。]
3.was listed　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。由句意可知主语与谓语之间构成被动关系;根据下文中的“in 2005”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态;且主语为It,谓语动词用单数。故填was listed。句意:在2005年,该岛被《中国国家地理》评选为“中国最美十大海岛”之一。]
4.an　[考查冠词。island为可数名词,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词;且uninhabited的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。句意:这是一个无人居住的岛屿,一处真正的隐秘宝藏,如今仍保持着它的宁静和原始风貌。]
5.original　[考查词性转换。空处修饰名词form,应用形容词形式,故填original。]
6.which/that　[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot,空处指代先行词在从句中作主语,先行词指物,所以用关系代词which/that。句意:在这里最好的事情就是徒步上山,找到一个可以俯瞰大海、草地和湖泊的高处!]
7.popularity　[考查词性转换。空处作动词enjoys的宾语,应用名词形式,故填popularity。popularity为不可数名词。句意:除了徒步旅行,露营在岛上也很受欢迎。]
8.destinations　[考查名词的数。该句主语和谓语动词均为复数,且destination “目的地”是可数名词,因此其前无冠词或代词等修饰,故应填复数形式destinations。句意:湖畔是露营的好去处,那里水流静谧,草原风光旖旎。]
9.to swim　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,空处与to bring并列,remember not to do sth表示“记得不要做某事”,为固定用法,故填to swim。句意:记得带上驱蚊剂,并且(记得)不要在海里游泳,因为水流危险。]
10.gradually　[考查词性转换。空处修饰动词disappears,故填副词gradually。句意:海风徐徐吹来,岛上晨雾渐渐散去,美丽的景色展现在你眼前。]
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2025·沧州高三三模)
假定你是李华,请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括:
1.描述自然灾害的现象和后果;
2.分析自然灾害频发的原因;
3.发出号召。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
As we all know,natural disasters such as earthquakes,sandstorms and floods do much damage to human.Thus,countless houses are in ruins,numerous fields are destroyed,and millions of people suffer great economic loss.
There are several reasons for these disasters.The rapid population growth has a bad effect on nature,since it means higher demands for supplies.What’s more,people lack the consciousness of environmental protection,making them lose the ability to deal with emergencies.
In my opinion,we are supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between human and nature.Only in this way can we humans survive.(共143张PPT)
主题29　自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护
主题语境三 人与自然
主题群九　灾害防范
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters
外研版 必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope
译林版 必修第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
主题词句 自查过关
一、自然灾害与防范
1.bury vt.　　　　 埋葬,安葬;埋藏
burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
2.calm vt. 使平静,使镇静
vi. 平静下来,镇静下来
adj. 镇静的,沉着的
calmly adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地
calmness n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁
【主题语料·分类群记】
3.crack n. 裂纹;裂缝vi.& vt.(使)破裂
4.damage n. 损害;损坏;损失vt.损害;损坏
5.death n. 死;死亡
dead adj. 死的;枯萎的
deadly adj. 致命的;极度的
die v. 死亡
dying adj. 垂死的;临终的;快熄灭的
6.deliver v. 递送,传送;分娩
delivery n. (贸易)交付;分娩;递送
7.destroy v. 破坏
destruction n. 破坏
destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的
8.disaster n. 灾难;灾害
9.drought n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾
10.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头
emergent adj. 新兴的;处于发展初期的
emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况
11.erupt vi. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
eruption n. 喷发
12.evacuate vt. 疏散;撤出
vi. 撤离
13.flood n. 洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没;充斥
14.helicopter n. 直升机
15.hurricane n. 飓风
16.magnitude n. (地)震级;重大
17.percent n. 百分之……
percentage n. 百分率;百分比
18.rescue n.& v. 营救;救援
rescuer n. 救助者
19.revive vt.& vi. 复活;(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴;复苏
20.ruin v.& n. 糟蹋;毁坏
21.slide vi.& vt.(slid,slid)滑行vi.贬值;逐渐陷入n.幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩
22.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck) 突然发生(某种不幸);打,击
striking adj. 显著的,突出的,惊人的;打击的;罢工的
23.suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤、匮乏等)受苦;变差vt.遭受
suffering n. 痛苦,苦难,折磨
sufferer n. 患者;受害者
24.sweep vt.& vi.(swept,swept)席卷,横扫;打扫;吹走;清除n.打扫,清扫
25.tap vi.& vt. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
26.trap vt.(trapped,trapped) 使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱
27.unify vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体
28.wave vi.& vt. 招手
vi. 挥舞;飘扬
n. 波浪;浪潮;挥手
29.whistle vi. 吹口哨;发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声);呼啸声
二、安全常识与自我保护
1.ambulance n. 救护车
2.ankle n. 踝;脚踝;踝骨
3.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 流血;失血
bleeding n.& adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
blood n. 血;血液
4.carpet n. 地毯v.把……厚厚地覆盖
5.choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住;(使)窒息
6.collapse vi.& n. (突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
7.desperate adj.绝望的;危急的;不顾一切的;铤而走险的;极度渴望的;非常需要的
desperately adv. 绝望地;非常
desperation n. 绝望的境地
8.drown vi.& vt. (使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
drowning adj. 溺水的
drowned adj. 淹死的
9.fist n. 拳头
10.fog n. 雾(mist);迷惑;困惑
foggy adj. 有雾的;雾茫茫的
11.grab vt.& vi.(grabbed,grabbed) 抓住;攫取n.抓取;抢夺
12.leaflet n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子
13.loosely adv. 不严谨地;松弛地
loose adj. 宽松的;散漫的;不牢固的;不精确的
v. 释放;松开;射出(子弹、箭等)
loosen vt.& vi. 放松;松开
14.manual n. 使用手册;说明书adj.用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的
15.membership n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
16.millimetre n. 毫米;千分之一米
17.motion n. 运动;移动v.做动作,示意
motionless adj. 静止的;不运动的
18.nerve n. 神经;焦虑;勇气
nervous adj. 神经的;紧张不安的
nervously adv. 神经质地;焦急地
19.organ n. 器官
20.panic vt.& vi.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌n.惊恐,惶恐,惊慌
21.radiation n. 辐射,放射线;辐射的热(或能量等)
22.scream vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫
n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
23.slip vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜(slide);悄悄疾行;陷入
vi.& vt. 悄悄地放置;(迅速且容易地)穿上或脱下
n. 滑倒;片;条
24.swell vi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀,肿胀
vt. 使膨胀
swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的
25.underneath prep.& adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面
26.victim n. 受害者,牺牲品
27.ward n. 病房
28.wrap vt.& vi. 缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来
wrapper n. (食品等的)包装材料,包装纸
三、主题词块
1.hand out 分发
2.in shock 震惊;吃惊
3.be trapped in... 被困在……
4.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
5.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
6.safe and sound 安然无恙地
7.occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中
8.keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
9.dig out 掘出;发现
10.to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
11.in the open air 露天;在户外
12.get back up on one’s feet 重新振作起来
13.look forward to 盼望;期待
14.keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡
15.on the decline/decrease 正在下降
16.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园
17.be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
18.make joint efforts 共同努力
19.in panic 惊慌失措
20.return to normal 恢复正常
四、主题佳句
1.be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
2.It occurs/occurred to sb that... 某人突然想起……
It occurred to him that he had forgotten his wallet in the fire.
他突然想起他把钱包落在大火里了。
3.as if引导表语从句
At 3:42 am,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。
4.动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风,造成约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental ____________(destroy).(2023·全国甲卷)
2.“We affect only a very small ____________(percent) of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr.Krauss says.(2024·浙江1月卷)
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
destruction
percentage
3.It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟),____________ (desperate) trying to escape.(2023·浙江1月卷)
4.When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very ____________ (nerve).(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
5.The collapse was disastrous,requiring the ____________(emergent) medical team and good teamwork.(2021·全国乙卷)
desperately
nervous
emergency
6.Tourists at the hotel were excited to see the ____________ (erupt),watching the events unfold while eating dinner,she said.
7.The last thing I saw was Don’s face,looking ____________(calm) back at me.(2020·浙江7月卷)
8.Nowadays,borrowing books from the library is as simple and convenient as shopping online:click,pay and wait for ________(deliver).
eruption
calmly
delivery
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出strike的汉语意思
A.vt.打动　B.vt.使突然想起　C.n.罢工
D.vt.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E.vt.敲钟
①When I entered the room,the clock had just struck 10._____
②After his vivid introduction,the idea that it is definitely Yuan Longping’s intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck me deeply.(2023·浙江1月卷) _____
E
A
③They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay._____
④A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of people._____
⑤A good way to promote popcorn struck to John and thus,he dashed to Bernald’s home like a gust of wind.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)_____
C
D
B
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.(2023·全国甲卷) ___________
②The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(2022·全国乙卷) ________________
③In spring this area is carpeted with bluebells.____________
④To escape the unemployment trap,some unemployed people choose to start their own small businesses with limited resources. ___________
vi.大量涌入
n.连绵弯曲的地带
v.厚厚地铺上
n.困境
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Volunteers _________________________________________________ to the victims of the earthquake.
志愿者们正在向地震灾民分发紧急物资。
2.A group of tourists _________________________________________ when the flood came suddenly.
洪水突然来袭时,一群游客被困在山洞里。
are handing out emergency supplies
were trapped in the cave
3.________________________________, all the hikers were found safe in the mountains.
让救援队宽慰的是,山中所有的徒步旅行者都被发现安然无恙。
4.We _______________________________on the mountain and had to find a shelter quickly.
我们在山上遭遇了暴风雪,不得不迅速找个避难所。
To the rescue team’s relief
were caught in a snowstorm
5.He was swept away by the rapid water.It seemed __________________________________________________________and we lost sight of him.(as if...)
他被急流冲走了,好像被巨浪吞没了,我们看不见他了。
6.After the earthquake,a lot of houses and roads were destroyed, _______________________________________________________. (动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
地震过后,许多房屋和道路被摧毁,使许多人无家可归。
as if he was swallowed by the huge waves
leaving a great many people homeless
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、自然灾害与防范
1.____________ vt. 埋葬,安葬;埋藏
____________ n. 埋葬;葬礼
2.____________ vt. 使平静,使镇静 vi.平静下来,镇静下来adj.镇静的,沉着的
____________ adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地
____________ n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁
3.____________ n. 裂纹;裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
bury
burial
calm
calmly
calmness
crack
4.____________ n. 损害;损坏;损失 vt.损害;损坏
5.____________ n. 死;死亡
____________ adj. 死的;枯萎的
____________ adj. 致命的;极度的
____________ v. 死亡
____________ adj. 垂死的;临终的;快熄灭的
6.____________ v. 递送,传送;分娩
____________ n. (贸易)交付;分娩;递送
damage
death
dead
deadly
die
dying
deliver
delivery
7.____________ v. 破坏
____________ n. 破坏
____________ adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的
8.____________ n. 灾难;灾害
9.____________ n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺; 干旱,旱灾
10.____________ vi. 出现,浮现
____________ n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头
____________ adj. 新兴的;处于发展初期的
____________ n. 突发事件;紧急情况
destroy
destruction
destructive
disaster
drought
emerge
emergence
emergent
emergency
11.____________ vi. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
____________ n. 喷发
12.____________ vt. 疏散;撤出 vi.撤离
13.____________ n. 洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没;充斥
14.____________ n. 直升机
15.____________ n. 飓风
16.____________ n. (地)震级;重大
erupt
eruption
evacuate
flood
helicopter
hurricane
magnitude
17.____________ n. 百分之……
____________ n. 百分率;百分比
18.____________ n.& v. 营救;救援
____________ n. 救助者
19.____________ vt.& vi. 复活;(使)苏醒
____________ n. 振兴;复苏
20.____________ v.& n. 糟蹋;毁坏
percent
percentage
rescue
rescuer
revive
revival
ruin
21.____________ vi.& vt.(______,______) 滑行
vi. 贬值;逐渐陷入
n. 幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩
22.____________ vi.& vt.(______,______) 突然发生(某种不幸);打,击
____________ adj.显著的,突出的,惊人的;打击的;罢工的
23.____________ vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤、匮乏等)受苦;变差vt.遭受
____________ n. 痛苦,苦难,折磨
____________ n. 患者;受害者
slide
slid
slid
strike
struck
struck
striking
suffer
suffering
sufferer
24.____________ vt.& vi.(______,______)
席卷,横扫;打扫;吹走;清除n. 打扫,清扫
25.____________ vi.& vt. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
26.____________ vt.(________,________)
使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱
27.____________ vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体
28.____________ vi.& vt. 招手 vi.挥舞;飘扬n.波浪;浪潮;挥手
29.____________ vi. 吹口哨;发出笛声 vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声
sweep
swept
swept
tap
trap
trapped
trapped
unify
wave
whistle
二、安全常识与自我保护
1.____________ n. 救护车
2.____________ n. 踝;脚踝;踝骨
3.____________ vi.(________,________) 流血;失血
____________ n.& adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
____________ n. 血;血液
4.____________ n. 地毯 v. 把……厚厚地覆盖
5.____________ vi.& vt. (使)噎住;(使)窒息
ambulance
ankle
bleed
bled
bled
bleeding
blood
carpet
choke
6.____________ vi.& n. (突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
7.____________ adj. 绝望的;危急的;不顾一切的;铤而走险的;极度渴望的;非常需要的
____________ adv. 绝望地;非常
____________ n. 绝望的境地
8.____________ vi.& vt. (使)淹死;溺死;浸泡; 淹没
____________ adj. 溺水的
____________ adj. 淹死的
collapse
desperate
desperately
desperation
drown
drowning
drowned
9.____________ n. 拳头
10.____________ n. 雾(mist);迷惑;困惑
____________ adj. 有雾的;雾茫茫的
11.____________ vt.& vi.(________,_________) 抓住;攫取n.抓取;抢夺
12.____________ n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子
13.____________ adv. 不严谨地;松弛地
____________ adj. 宽松的;散漫的; 不牢固的;不精确的
v. 释放;松开;射出(子弹、箭等)
____________ vt.& vi. 放松;松开
fist
fog
foggy
grab
grabbed
grabbed
leaflet
loosely
loose
loosen
14.____________ n. 使用手册;说明书adj.用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的
15.____________ n. 会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
16.____________ n. 毫米;千分之一米
17.____________ n. 运动;移动 v.做动作,示意
____________ adj. 静止的;不运动的
18.____________ n. 神经;焦虑;勇气
____________ adj. 神经的;紧张不安的
____________ adv. 神经质地;焦急地
manual
membership
millimetre
motion
motionless
nerve
nervous
nervously
19.____________ n. 器官
20.____________ vt.& vi.(_________,_________) (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐,惶恐,惊慌
21.____________ n. 辐射,放射线;辐射的热(或能量等)
22.____________ vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧) 高声喊;大声叫
n. 尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
organ
panic
panicked
panicked
radiation
scream
23.____________ vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜(slide);悄悄疾行;陷入
vi.& vt. 悄悄地放置;(迅速且容易地)穿上或脱下
n. 滑倒;片;条
24.____________ vi.(________,________) 膨胀,肿胀vt.使膨胀
____________ adj. (身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的
25.____________ prep.& adv. 在……底下;隐藏在下面
26.____________ n. 受害者,牺牲品
27.____________ n. 病房
28.____________ vt.& vi.缠绕;隐藏;掩护; 包起来
____________ n. (食品等的)包装材料, 包装纸
slip
swell
swelled
swollen
swollen
underneath
victim
ward
wrap
wrapper
【默写主题词块】
1.________________ 分发
2.________________ 震惊;吃惊
3.________________ 被困在……
4.________________ 严重受损;破败不堪
5.________________ 现有(尤指帮助)
6.________________ 安然无恙地
7.________________ 被想到,浮现在脑中
hand out
in shock
be trapped in...
in ruins
on hand
safe and sound
occur to
8.________________________ (在困境中)保持冷静
9.________________________ 掘出;发现
10.________________________ 让某人宽慰的是
11.________________________ 露天;在户外
12.________________________ 重新振作起来
13.________________________ 盼望;期待
14.________________________ 保持自然平衡
keep one’s head
dig out
to one’s relief
in the open air
get back up on one’s feet
look forward to
keep the balance of nature
15._____________________ 正在下降
16._____________________ 重建某人的家园
17._____________________ 突然遭遇(风暴等)
18._____________________ 共同努力
19._____________________ 惊慌失措
20._____________________ 恢复正常
on the decline/decrease
rebuild one’s home
be caught in
make joint efforts
in panic
return to normal
1.I _________________________________________________________ sea water started filling my home.(be doing...when...)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
2.__________________________________________________________ in the fire. (It occurs/occurred to sb that...)
他突然想起他把钱包落在大火里了。
was having breakfast with my three children when
【默写主题佳句】
It occurred to him that he had forgotten his wallet
3.At 3:42 am,everything began to shake.It seemed _________________________________________.(as if引导表语从句)
凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。
4.On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, __________________________________________________________. (动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风,造成约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
as if the world were coming to an end
causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries
主题词句 重点突破
1.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏 (burial n.埋葬;葬礼)
先运用　补全句子/句式升级
①Ever since graduation,she _________________________________ relic protection and restoration work,making great contributions in this field.(人物介绍)
自毕业以来,她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作,在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。
has been buried in/buried herself in
②Hearing the bad news,she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.(动作描写)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, ____________________
__________________________________.(动词-ing形式作状语)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,_____________________
______________________________.(with复合结构)
→Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,_____________________
_______________________________________.(独立主格结构)
burying her face in
her hands
with her face buried
in her hands
her face buried in
her hands
后牢记　用法归纳
bury sth in 把某物埋在……
bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于,专心于
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
2.ruin n.废墟;毁灭 vt.毁灭;使破产
先运用　补全句子
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to ________________________________________________.(场景描写)
当他们回到镇上时,他们震惊地发现他们家附近成了废墟。
②You can’t change the past,but you can ____________________________________________.(主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
find their neighborhood in ruins
ruin the present by worrying about the future
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落,衰败
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
3.strike v.(struck,struck,striking)划(火柴);打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;达成(协议、合同等) n.罢工
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①________________________________________________________ I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我突然想到,我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。
It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that
②我被他为我所做的事情打动了,没能控制住自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(情绪描写)
→Because ________________________________________________,
I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
→_______________________________________________________, I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语)
I was struck with/by what he had done for me
Struck by/with what he had done for me
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be struck with/by 被……袭击;被……打动/迷恋……
It strikes/occurs to/hits sb that... 某人突然想起……
sth strikes/occurs to sb 某人突然想到……
strike...into one’s heart ……使某人刻骨铭心
(2)be on strike 在罢工
4.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难 sufferer n.受难者;患者)
先运用　补全句子
①Knowing that my partner was ______________________________,
I was burning with anxiety,so I darted towards the hospital.(2022·浙江1月卷)
得知我的搭档得了重病,我非常焦虑,因此冲向了医院。
suffering from a serious illness
②My teacher exclaimed,“In the process of writing,you _________________________________________________________. It is _____________________________make you more strong-willed.” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师感叹道:“在写作的过程中,你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚定。”
must have suffered defeats and hardships
the sufferings that
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)suffer from 患……病;受……苦
(2)suffer作及物动词时,意思同experience(体验;经历),其后可跟pain,defeat,hardship等词作宾语;suffer from中的from表示原因,意为“因……而受苦”。
5.sweep vt.& vi.扫;打扫;清扫;吹走 n.打扫,清扫;连绵一片 (sweeper n.清洁工;清洁器)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Robots have already been used to help people sweep ____________the houses,cook meals,look after their babies and so on.
②A rare snowstorm swept ____________the region yesterday.
③Some awful news has ____________(sweep)the country.
up
across
swept
④The cooling wind ________________________________________,
filling the room with the faint scent of the blooming flowers outside.(环境描写)
凉爽的风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,让房间里充满了外面盛开的花朵的淡淡香气。
swept through our bedroom windows
后牢记　用法归纳
sweep along 使深受影响,使醉心
sweep aside 对……置之不理;无视
sweep away 彻底消除,消灭
sweep out 打扫干净,清扫干净
sweep up 清扫;打扫
sweep across/through (风、浪、火等迅猛地)扫过,掠过……
sweep the floor 扫地
6.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.陷阱;险境
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①People with weak control power are likely to be trapped ____________buying useless goods by the webcast.
②____________ (trap) in the ruins for two days,the girl constantly held a positive attitude,firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue.
into
Trapped
③_______________________________________________________,
attempting to catch a rabbit to satisfy his hunger,but in vain.
这位可怜的幸存者设下了一个简单的陷阱,试图抓住一只兔子来充饥,但却是白费力气。
The poor survivor laid/set a simple trap
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into/get out of a trap 落入/摆脱圈套
lay/set a trap(for) (为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套
7.panic vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked,panicking) (使)惊慌 n.恐慌;惊恐
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Fortunately,people ____________panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
②________________________________, and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked.(心理描写)
简陷入了恐慌,她的心跳动得如此剧烈,以至于她感觉快要窒息了。
in
Jane got into a panic
③The roar of the wild wolf _________________________________,
and I didn’t know ______________________________________. (心理描写)
野狼的嚎叫吓得我尖叫起来,我不知道如何缓解这无法抗拒的恐惧。
panicked me into screaming
how to ease the overwhelming panic
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓皇行事
(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌
in panic 惊慌失措地;处在恐慌中
8.look forward to 期待;盼望
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The day he had been looking forward to ____________(come)—he signed up as a volunteer to educate the public on flood safety measures.
②Out of curiosity,I managed to squeeze into the crowd and looked forward ________(see) what happened.(动作描写)
came
to see
③Thank you for considering my suggestion and __________________________________________________________.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
谢谢你考虑我的建议,我期待听到你对此事的看法。
④Not only does carpooling help to build up positive relations with the carpoolers,___________________________________________.
拼车不仅有助于和拼车者建立积极的关系,而且有助于减轻压力。
I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this matter
but also it will contribute to reducing stress
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)look forward to 作 “盼望、期待”讲时,to是介词,后跟名词或动词-ing形式。
类似短语还有:get down to 着手做,pay attention to 注意,date back to起源于,apply oneself to致力于,contribute to 为……作贡献;有助于,stick to 坚持
(2)look forward也可表示“向前看”,后面跟to do表示目的。
9.be doing...when...　正在做……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌进我家。
先运用　补全句子
①They ___________________________________________________
______________________________a loud whistle frightened them.
他们正要在户外搭起帐篷,这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。
were about to put up/on the point of putting up the tent in
the open air when
②________________________________________________________ it fell to the ground.
我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。
③Once,we ________________________________________________ the storms came unexpectedly.
有一次,我们正在湖中划船,暴风雨突然来袭。
I had just escaped from the burning house when
were boating in a lake when
后牢记　用法归纳
句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意,还用于以下三种句型:
(1)be about to do...when... 正要做……突然……
(2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……突然……
(3)had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时突然……
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——“自然灾害”主题短文投稿
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　近些年来,世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害,造成极大的损失。假如你是李华,请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文,要点包括:
1.描述现象和后果;
2.分析自然灾害频发的原因;
3.提出你的关于减少自然灾害的建议。
Over the past few years,natural disasters 1.__________________________________________________________(诸如地震、洪水、飓风和沙尘暴等) have occurred frequently around the world,2._________________________________________________ (造成了巨大的破坏).Many cities and villages were left in ruins,and countless people became victims,suffering from loss of homes and even death.
such as earthquakes,floods,hurricanes and sandstorms
causing great damage
The reasons for the frequent occurrence of natural disasters are mainly 3.___________________________________________________ (因为破坏自然平衡的人类活动).Deforestation leads to soil erosion, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases cause climate change.
To reduce natural disasters,we should plant more trees to prevent soil erosion,reduce carbon emissions to slow down climate change,and 4.__________________________________________________________(共同努力来维持自然平衡).
due to human activities that break the balance of nature
make joint efforts to keep the balance of nature
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:一个寒冷的早晨,Jane正在附近的公园慢跑,突然发现一条受伤的哈士奇虚弱地躺在路边→Jane毫不犹豫地开车把狗送到动物诊所进行检查和治疗后,带着狗回家了,她给它起名叫Kobe→随着时间的推移,Kobe成为她形影不离的忠实朋友→有一天清晨,Jane被Kobe的大声吠叫和爪子抓门的声音吵醒→Kobe用嘴拉她的衣服,试图把她带离院子。它拱起背,鼻子在院子里不安地蹭着一块地→Jane感到惊讶和困惑……
场景续写1:Kobe用爪子挖地→看到管道→Jane意识到管道中有危险(狗鼻子灵敏)→立即回到屋里打电话
Then Kobe began to dig the ground with its paws. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Before long, it dug a sizable hole in the yard.As the hole expanded, an old gas pipe appeared at the bottom, which concerned her.Given Kobe’s normally well-behaved nature, Jane suddenly realized that its unusual actions might mean a warning of danger.“Dogs usually have sharp noses and can accurately sense the presence of gas while we humans can’t.Something must have gone wrong with the pipe,” Jane thought to herself, nervous and scared.The next minute, she raced into the house and immediately contacted the local gas management department.
场景续写2:天然气工人到来→开始检测→气体泄漏→让村民离开→开始修理→恢复正常,村民感谢→感悟
Soon gas workers came.___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Without delay, they got down to detection. Sure enough, there was gas leaking from the aging pipe.It was so dangerous that all the villagers were urged to leave right away.Meanwhile, repair operations were conducted.The workers worked tirelessly for hours to replace the broken pipe.When everything returned to normal, the villagers couldn’t thank Kobe enough.But for its timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left the whole village in ruins.As the saying goes, one good deed deserves another.Jane’s kindness brought safety to herself and even the whole neighborhood.
主题阅读 综合运用
(2024·浙江1月卷C篇)On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area,has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically,the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr.Stienwand says,“but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo,North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact,we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice,doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——灾害防范——防雹干预计划之争
28.What does the project aim to do
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析　细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”。根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed...as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知,飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒特定化学物质,使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知,这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成,故选B项。
√
29.Who are opposed to the project
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials.
D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知,Alberta中东部的农民担心人工降雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知,这些农民是反对这个计划的,故选A项。
√
30.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知,Doswell博士对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的一场由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind ”,怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或者减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出,Doswell博士提到他1999年看到的龙卷风是为了表明人工降雨可能存在的风险,故选C项。
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知,私营的气候工程可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去,也就是说这些公司将继续存在,故选D项。
√
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.costly adj. 造成损失的
2.insurance n. 保险
3.percentage n. 百分比
4.precious adj. 宝贵的
5.drought n. 干旱
6.proof n. 证据
7.proceed v. 继续进行
8.disastrous adj. 灾难性的
9.resident n. 居民
10.retire from 从……退休
11.in practice 实际上
12.be opposed to 反对
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
1.seed [熟义] n.种子,籽　[生义]_______________________________
We seeded the field with corn.
2.thirsty [熟义] adj.口渴的 [生义]_____________________________
Look at the thirsty land.The plants are dying.
3.address [熟义] n.地址　 [生义]_______________________________
He addressed an audience of 10,000 supporters.
v.在……播种
adj.干旱的
v.演说,演讲
(三)由文本学长难句分析
But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
分析:本句的主干为farmers worry that...,that引导____________从句;破折号部分作____________解释说明east-central Alberta。
句意:_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
宾语
插入语
但是,在阿尔伯塔省中东部,也就是防雹工程飞行作业下风区的农民们担心,播云正在从他们干旱的土地上偷走宝贵的水分。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·河北高三上开学考试)
Dozens of wildfires are burning across Canada in May 2024 and sending unhealthy smoke blowing into the northern US again.At the same time,the southeastern US is getting smoke from Mexico,where drought (干旱) conditions have been fueling fires.
Last year,Canada’s record 2023 wildfire season introduced millions of Americans across the Midwest and northeastern states to the health threats of wildfire smoke,with air quality warnings that reached levels never seen there before.Professional baseball games were postponed and the skies in New York City turned orange,at times exposing millions of people to the worst air quality in the world.In some regions,the smoke hung on for days.Hotter,drier conditions,coupled with dry grasses and underbrush that built up over decades of fire control,have made large wildfires more common.
Canada is experiencing a second consecutive (连续) extremely dry year in 2024,and it is also facing the re-emergence of fires that burnt underground through the winter.In May,2024,smoke from fires in British Columbia and Alberta reached unhealthy levels from Montana to Wisconsin and began to spread south and east into the Midwest and Great Lakes region.The North American Seasonal Fire Assessment and Outlook for May through July highlights drought conditions in western Canada and Central America and higher than normal fire risk in both regions.More importantly,it notes the challenge of forecasting fire risk for later in the year as the El Ni o climate pattern changes to La Ni a in late summer.
Computer simulations (模拟) of the future in a warming climate show there will be more smoky days,higher smoke concentrations,larger burned areas and higher carbon emissions from the fires—which further fuel climate change.In short,people will need to learn to live with wildfire smoke.It won’t be every year,but it will be more common.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害与防范——加拿大野火
1.Why does the author mention “baseball games” and “the skies in New York”
A.To illustrate wildfires in Canada are a trend.
B.To emphasize the consequences of wildfires.
C.To show how scientists evaluate air quality.
D.To explain the return of wildfires in Canada.
解析　写作意图题。根据第二段“Last year,Canada’s record 2023 wildfire...air quality in the world.”可推知,作者提到“棒球比赛”和“纽约的天空”是为了强调加拿大野火的后果,特别是对空气质量的影响,故选B项。
√
2.What makes predicting the fire risk more challenging this year
A.Constant drought conditions. B.Air pollution levels.
C.Climate pattern changes. D.Larger burned areas.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“More importantly,it notes...La Ni a in late summer.”可知,气候模式的变化使得预测火灾风险变得更加困难,故选C项。
√
3.Which statement does the author agree with concerning wildfire smoke
A.It will be a new normal. B.It relies on climate change.
C.It can prevent La Ni a. D.It means more burned areas.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,野火烟雾在未来可能会变得更加普遍,因此作者认为这将成为人们生活中的新常态,故选A项。
√
4.What’s the text about
A.Canada’s wildfire issues.
B.Wildfire smoke in America.
C.Canadian wildfires’ effects on US air quality.
D.The risks of wildfires in Canada and America.
解析　文章大意题。通读全文,结合第一段内容可知,本文主要介绍了加拿大2023年野火季以及2024年因季度干旱和地下火灾造成的野火烟雾对美国空气质量造成的影响,故选C项。
√
Most major droughts have tended to happen on seasonal or yearly time scales (范围),resulting from variability in large-scale climate patterns such as El Ni o.But in the last six decades,there has been a transformation to more droughts that form over just a few weeks in most of the world,researchers of a new study at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology report in Science.This finding has implications for ecosystem conservation and agricultural management.
Some flash droughts develop into seasonal ones,yet even those that do not can cause significant damage to agriculture and contribute to other extreme weather events such as wildfires and heat waves.In the summer of 2012,a severe flash drought across the United States caused over $30 billion in damages.Flash droughts happen two to three times as often in wet regions such as northwest North America,Europe and southern China as elsewhere.Many affected areas transformed from normal conditions to extreme drought within a month,and no climate models predicted it.
As the world continues to warm,causing less rainfall,flash drought frequency is expected to continue to rise.Droughts can happen and strengthen rapidly,but current monitoring systems often cannot catch their beginning on short enough time scales.That makes flash droughts a sort of a hard nut,the researchers say.
“We have to improve these systems,” the lead researcher Yuan Xing says,“by exploring the mechanisms behind flash droughts,perhaps with the help of artificial intelligence.” Dealing with these droughts isn’t just about having a better tool set,Mark Svoboda,who first coined the term “flash droughts”,believes,but also a different mind-set.“It is human nature not to deal with drought until you’re in it.We advocate that drought be dealt with ahead and actively.”
语篇类型;说明文
主题语境;人与自然——自然灾害与防范——突发性干旱
5.What does the study find
A.Droughts are formed in shorter time.
B.Wildlife is adapting to a changing climate.
C.Climate change began sixty years ago.
D.Droughts often happen seasonally or yearly.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most major droughts have tended to happen on seasonal or yearly time scales (范围)”和“But in the last six decades...a few weeks in most of the world.”可知,研究发现,当前世界大部分地区的干旱仅在几周内就会形成。A项“干旱在更短时间内形成”;B项“野生动植物正在适应变化的气候”;C项“气候变化开始于60年前”;D项“干旱往往一季度或一年发生一次”。故选A。
√
6.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.Reasons for flash droughts.
B.Consequences of flash droughts.
C.Regions attacked by droughts.
D.Extreme weather caused by droughts.
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Some flash droughts develop into...wildfires and heat waves.”和“Many affected areas...climate models predicted it.”可知,第二段主要介绍了突发性干旱造成的后果,故选B。
√
7.Why do researchers think of flash droughts as a hard nut
A.They worsen climate change.
B.They happen on a global scale.
C.They put agriculture at great risk.
D.They are hard to detect in time.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Droughts can happen and...a sort of a hard nut”可知,目前的监测系统通常无法在短时间内捕捉到突发性干旱的发生,这使突发性干旱成了一个棘手的问题,故选D。
√
8.What does Svoboda suggest
A.Keeping a positive attitude.
B.Turning to AI for help.
C.Taking measures in advance.
D.Bettering existing tools.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is human nature...ahead and actively.”可知,Svoboda建议不要等到身陷干旱时再应对,而要提前行动,故选C。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖南高三二模)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane,failed dam,or overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly.__1__ It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general,there are two types.__2__ The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过量的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things.__3__ Living next to a river,dam,on the coast,or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season.__4__ Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period,flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example,the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster,such as a tsunami,can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
__5__ Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover,flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather,geography,and other man-made factors.
G.Generally,the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害与防范——洪水
1.D　 [上文提到造成洪水的原因有多种,且洪水速度很快,下文提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性,建议做好充分的准备。D项(有时,它们来得毫无征兆)承上启下,符合语境。]
2.C　 [上文提到洪水的定义,以及包含两种类型,下文具体描述第一种类型的洪水。C项(山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见)承上启下,符合语境。选项中的dry areas和下文的can’t absorb a lot of moisture呼应。]
3.F　 [上文提到洪水的起因很多,下文提到了地理因素,F项(它们包括恶劣的天气、地理和其他人为因素)承上启下,符合语境。选项中的They指代前文的many things。]
4.G　 [上文提到洪水暴发没有特定的季节。G项(一般来说,从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水的高发时期)承接上文,符合语境。选项中的from spring to fall和上文的flood season呼应。]
5.B　 [空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,需统领段落内容。下文主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水。B项(洪水是可以预防和预测的)符合语境。 ]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·吉林高三第四次模拟)
Norwood was at the wheel in Orlando,accompanied by her three closest friends.However,the laughter and chatter inside her car abruptly gave way to __1__,as another vehicle __2__ into theirs at a crossroads,sending their black car sailing into a nearby yard.
As smoke poured from her car,a bystander shouted,“It’s about to __3__!Get out!” The impact had caved in (使塌陷) Norwood’s driver’s side door,__4__ it shut.__5__,but otherwise OK,she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends,who’d also managed to __6__ themselves.
But halfway down the street,she __7__ Simmons was missing.She hurried back and found Simmons __8__ in the back seat.She __9__ open the back door,dragged her friend out a few feet to safety,and laid her on the ground.However,Simmons showed no __10__ of life!That was when Norwood started CPR.
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and __11__ breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.No __12__.And then,after the 30th compression (按压),Simmons began coughing.The CPR had __13__!
Soon,the ambulance arrived and __14__ Simmons to the hospital.When she heard how Norwood had saved her life,“I wasn’t __15__,”Simmons said.“She will always help any way she can.”
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——安全常识与自我保护——车祸事故中的急救
1.A.screams B.jokes C.songs D.regrets
解析　根据下文可知,此处描述的是车祸发生时的情况,因为另一辆车在十字路口撞上了Norwood的车,所以车内的欢笑和谈话突然变成了尖叫,故选A项。
2.A.changed B.faded C.crashed D.dived
解析　根据下文中的“sending their black car sailing into a nearby yard”可知,另一辆车撞上了她们的车,空处应用表示“碰撞”的动词,故选C项。
√
√
3.A.break up B.pull up C.start up D.blow up
解析　根据上文中的“smoke poured from her car”和空后的“Get out”并结合常识可推测,旁观者喊的是车要爆炸了,故选D项。
4.A.jamming B.securing C.locking D.reaching
解析　根据空前的“The impact had caved in (使塌陷) Norwood’s driver’s side door”可知,撞击力(impact)使驾驶员一侧的车门凹陷了,导致车门卡住(jam)无法打开,故选A项。
√
√
5.A.Broken B.Shaken C.Frozen D.Beaten
解析　根据下文可知,此处描写的是车祸后Norwood的情况。空后的“but otherwise OK,she escaped through the window”表示“但其他方面还好,她从窗户逃出去了”,所以Norwood应该只是受到了惊吓,故选B项。
6.A.test B.free C.cure D.help
解析　根据上文中的“she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends”可知,Norwood和她的两个朋友都逃了出去,所以她的两个朋友也成功解救了自己,故选B项。
√
√
7.A.understood B.mentioned C.realized D.assessed
解析　根据上文中的“she escaped through the window,along with two of her friends”和空后的“Simmons was missing”可推测,Norwood从车里逃出来之后,在街上走了一半才突然意识到Simmons 不见了,故选C项。
8.A.uncomfortable B.unsettled C.uncontrollable D.unconscious
解析　下文提到Norwood对Simmons进行了心肺复苏,说明Simmons当时处于昏迷状态,故选D项。
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9.A.threw B.slid C.moved D.clicked
解析　根据空后的“open the back door,dragged her friend out a few feet to safety”可知,这里表示她猛地打开后门,应用throw。throw “猛开,猛关”,故选A项。
10.A.importance B.value C.sign D.length
解析　根据下文中的“That was when Norwood started CPR.”可知,Norwood对Simmons进行了心肺复苏,所以Simmons应该是没有生命迹象,故选C项。
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11.A.gradually B.desperately C.approximately D.originally
解析　根据上下文可知,Norwood在对Simmons进行急救(心肺复苏),所以这里表示她拼命地对着她朋友的嘴吹气,故选B项。
12.A.gratitude B.concern C.response D.equipment
解析　根据上下文可知,在Norwood一段时间的心肺复苏后,Simmons还是没有反应,在第30次按压后,她才开始咳嗽,故选C项。
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13.A.failed B.started C.returned D.worked
解析　上文提到Simmons开始咳嗽,说明心肺复苏起作用了,故选D项。
14.A.guided B.rushed C.admitted D.led
解析　救护车到达后,应该是迅速将病人送往医院,故选B项。
15.A.surprised B.relieved C.frustrated D.disappointed
解析　根据下文中的“She will always help any way she can.”可知,Simmons对Norwood的救助并不惊讶,因为Norwood总是尽其所能地帮忙,故选A项。
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Ⅳ. 语法填空
(2025·沈阳教学质量监测一)
Dayushan Island is located in Fuding,Fujian Province,known 1.____________ its untouched nature,green grasslands and attractive coastlines.
Its coast is eroded (侵蚀) by sea water,2.____________ (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs.But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds.It 3.____________ (list) in the “Top 10 most beautiful islands of China” by Chinese National Geography in 2005.It is 4.____________ uninhabited island and a true hidden treasure that has still preserved its quietness and 5.____________ (origin) form.
The best thing to do here is hike up the hills and find a high spot 6.____________ overlooks the sea,the grasslands and the lakes!Besides hiking,camping enjoys great 7.____________ (popular) on the island.The lakesides are great camping 8.____________ (destination) with peaceful water and grassland scenery.Remember to bring mosquito repellent (驱蚊剂) and not 9.____________ (swim) in the sea,because of the dangerous currents.The wind from the sea slowly blowing,the island’s morning mist 10.____________ (gradual) disappears,and beautiful scenery unfolds in front of you.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——大嵛山岛
1.for　 [考查介词。be known for...表示“以……而闻名”,为固定短语,故填for。句意:大嵛山岛位于福建省福鼎市,以其原始的大自然、翠绿的草地和诱人的海岸线而闻名。]
2.revealing　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,is是句子的谓语,故此处应填非谓语动词;reveal与其逻辑主语Its coast构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作状语,所以填revealing。句意:其海岸受海水侵蚀,显出裸露的基岩和礁脉。]
3.was listed　 [考查时态语态和主谓一致。由句意可知主语与谓语之间构成被动关系;根据下文中的“in 2005”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态;且主语为It,谓语动词用单数。故填was listed。句意:在2005年,该岛被《中国国家地理》评选为“中国最美十大海岛”之一。]
4.an　 [考查冠词。island为可数名词,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词;且uninhabited的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。句意:这是一个无人居住的岛屿,一处真正的隐秘宝藏,如今仍保持着它的宁静和原始风貌。]
5.original　 [考查词性转换。空处修饰名词form,应用形容词形式,故填original。]
6.which/that　 [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot,空处指代先行词在从句中作主语,先行词指物,所以用关系代词which/that。句意:在这里最好的事情就是徒步上山,找到一个可以俯瞰大海、草地和湖泊的高处!]
7.popularity　 [考查词性转换。空处作动词enjoys的宾语,应用名词形式,故填popularity。popularity为不可数名词。句意:除了徒步旅行,露营在岛上也很受欢迎。]
8.destinations　 [考查名词的数。该句主语和谓语动词均为复数,且destination “目的地”是可数名词,因此其前无冠词或代词等修饰,故应填复数形式destinations。句意:湖畔是露营的好去处,那里水流静谧,草原风光旖旎。]
9.to swim　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,空处与to bring并列,remember not to do sth表示“记得不要做某事”,为固定用法,故填to swim。句意:记得带上驱蚊剂,并且(记得)不要在海里游泳,因为水流危险。]
10.gradually　 [考查词性转换。空处修饰动词disappears,故填副词gradually。句意:海风徐徐吹来,岛上晨雾渐渐散去,美丽的景色展现在你眼前。 ]
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2025·沧州高三三模)
假定你是李华,请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括:
1.描述自然灾害的现象和后果;
2.分析自然灾害频发的原因;
3.发出号召。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
【参考范文】
As we all know,natural disasters such as earthquakes,sandstorms and floods do much damage to human.Thus,countless houses are in ruins,numerous fields are destroyed,and millions of people suffer great economic loss.
There are several reasons for these disasters.The rapid population growth has a bad effect on nature,since it means higher demands for supplies.What’s more,people lack the consciousness of environmental protection,making them lose the ability to deal with emergencies.
In my opinion,we are supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between human and nature.Only in this way can we humans survive.

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