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2025外研版高中英语必修第二册
分层跟踪检测(一)Starting out & Understanding ideas
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It is reported that over 1,000 sharks 　　　　　　　　　(fin) last year.
2.When I woke up,I found the ground 　　　　　(cover) with snow.
3.It was her first time to prove it 　　　　　　great success.
4.I can’t seem to bring to mind the name of the place 　　　　　　we last met.
5.What is your attitude 　　　　　　　senior high students taking up a part-time job
6.An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise 　　　　　　(aware) of global warming.
7.She lost her watch,but 　　　　　　(fortunate) her father found it on his way to school.
8.The change in climate might be one of the causes for the 　　　　　　　　(extinct) of dinosaurs.
9.Hearing the bad news,they stood there 　　　　　fear and trembling,not knowing what to do.
10.When he was walking home from the office that night,he 　　　　　　　　　(attack) by several robbers.
Ⅱ.短语填空
rather than,cut off,the other way round,due to,in fear,come across,have an effect on,by mistake
1.The water supply has been 　　　　　　　　for several days in the city.
2.The old temple was reconstructed 　　　　　　　　　　many people’s donation.
3.When you 　　　　　　　　　new words you don’t know while reading,you can look them up in the dictionary.
4.When the terrible earthquake hit the town last month,many children cried 　　　　　　　.
5.You should put the knife in this way not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.Mr.Armstrong took the wrong umbrella 　　　　　　　　　　　　,but he didn’t realise it until he came back home.
7.What matters in life is working wisely 　 　　　　　　　working hard.
8.Those violent TV shows might 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the children’s behaviour.
Ⅲ.微写作
1.我路过的时候看到我的妹妹正在她的房间学习。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in her room when I passed by.
2.我们正在吃晚餐,这时一个陌生人进来了。
We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a stranger came in.
3.不是每个学生都通过了考试。
　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　passed the exam.
4.老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。
The old workers instruct the young workers 　　　　　　　　　　　in words 　　　　　　　　　　　　in deeds.
5.《泰坦尼克号》获得了巨大的成功,吸引了大量观众并赢得了许多奖项。
Titanic was a great success,attracting huge audiences and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
能力素养提升练
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Coral reefs in Florida have lost an estimated 90% of their corals in the last 40 years.This summer,a marine heat wave hit Florida’s coral reefs.The record high temperatures created an extremely stressful environment for the coral reefs,which are currently also experiencing intense coral bleaching(白化).
A coral is an animal,which has a symbiotic relationship with a microscopic algae (藻类).The algae gets energy from the sun and shares it with the coral internally.The coral builds a rock-like structure,which makes up most of the reef,providing homes and food for many organisms that live there.Coral bleaching is when the symbiotic relationship breaks down.Without the algae,the corals appear white because the rock skeleton becomes visible.If the bleaching continues for an extended period,the corals can starve to death without the energy.
Florida is on the front lines of climate change.It is also on the cutting edge of restoration science.Many labs,institutions and other organizations are working nonstop to protect and maintain the coral reefs.This includes efforts to understand what is troubling the reef,from disease outbreaks to coastal development impacts.It also includes harvesting coral spawn (卵),or growing and planting coral parts.Scientists moved many coral nurseries into deeper water and shore-based facilities during this marine heat wave.They are digging into the DNA of the coral to discover which species will survive best in future.
There are some bright spots in the story,however.Some corals have recovered from the bleaching,and many did not bleach at all.In addition,researchers recorded coral spawning.Although it’s not clear yet whether the larvae (幼虫) will be successful in the wild,it’s a sign of recovery potential.If the baby corals survive,they will be able to regrow the reef.They just have to avoid one big boss:human-induced climate change.
1.What does the underlined word “symbiotic” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Reliable.　　　　　　B.Opposite.
C.Harmonious. D.Contradictory.
2.What caused the coral bleaching
A.The rock skeleton.
B.The microscopic algae.
C.The high temperatures.
D.The symbiotic relationship.
3.Which is not the efforts scientists made to help coral reefs
A.Transferring coral nurseries.
B.Growing and planting coral spawn.
C.Researching the DNA of the coral.
D.Figuring out the reasons for problems.
4.Which of the following best describes the impact of scientists’ efforts
A.Identifiable. B.Predictable.
C.Far-reaching. D.Effective.
B
Air pollution is one of the world’s invisible killers.It causes seven million deaths a year,making it the largest single environmental health risk.In cities,air pollution is particularly serious.More than 80% of people live in the areas where pollution levels are beyond WHO limits.
One well-established way to reduce air pollution is to plant trees,as their leaves catch and absorb harmful particulates(微粒).But planting new trees is not always a good choice for lack of enough space.That’s why the “City Tree”,a mobile tree which removes pollutants(污染物) from the air,has been becoming popular in cities around the world,including Oslo,Paris,Brussels and Hong Kong.
Each City Tree is just under 4 meters tall,nearly 3 meters wide and 2.19 meters deep,acting as a chair or a bench.A screen is included for information or advertising.Berlin-based Green City Organization explains that its invention has the environmental benefit of up to 275 actual trees.
But the City Tree isn’t,in fact,a tree at all—it’s a moss culture(培养物).“Moss cultures have a much larger leaf surface area than any other plant.That means we can catch more pollutants,” said Zhengliang Wu,co-founder of Green City Organization.
The huge surfaces of moss in each tree can remove dust,NO2 and O3 gases from the air.It requires very little care:solar panels provide electricity,while rainwater is collected into a container and then sent into the soil.
To monitor the health of the moss,the City Tree has sensors which measure soil humidity(湿度),temperature and water quality.“We also have pollution sensors inside the trees,which help monitor the local air quality and tell us how efficient the tree is,” Wu said.Its creators say that each City Tree is able to absorb around 250 grams of particulate matter a day and contributes to removing 480 tons of CO2 a year.
5.What is the City Tree
A.It is an ordinary tree growing leaves.
B.It is a mobile tree offering electricity.
C.It is a mobile tree providing rainwater.
D.It is a moss culture absorbing pollutants.
6.Why is the City Tree becoming popular in cities
A.It takes up less space.
B.It is very easy to move.
C.It requires very little care.
D.It can be used for advertisement.
7.What does the City Tree depend on to work
A.Soil and rainwater.
B.Solar panels and sensors.
C.Temperature and humidity.
D.Moss cultures and management.
8.What can be the future of the City Tree according to the text
A.Pressing. B.Confusing.
C.Promising. D.Worrying.
Ⅴ.七选五
China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years.　1　 Each species on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.
In recent decades,a series of wildlife-protection campaigns have been carried out by the central government.　2　The giant panda and the crested ibis are among these success stories.
The giant panda used to have a population of 1,114 in the 1970s.It now totals 1,864 thanks to 52 protection areas.　3　 By the end of last year,seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild.　4　 In 1981,only seven crested ibises were found in Yangxian County,Shaanxi Province.Since then,breeding programs have helped the population reach 2,000.China has even sent crested ibises to Japan and South Korea in recent years,to help with the species’ survival.
　5　 Key projects will be continually carried out to improve protection,including making the lists of wild animals and plants under state protection,and fighting against illegal wildlife trade,which includes ivory(象牙).
A.Another species was once thought to be extinct.
B.Protecting wildlife is,without doubt,an important part.
C.China will continue its efforts at the wildlife protection.
D.People call for immediate protection of the remaining species.
E.Scientists have worked to feed pandas and then release them into the wild.
F.As environmental damage has increased,signs of change have appeared around the world.
G.Several species in danger of extinction have made impressive progress due to the methods.
Ⅵ.语法填空
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 1.　　　　　　(increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days,2.　　　　　　(leave) small parts that cause no pollution,said Wang Gexia,3.　　　　　　 is a senior engineer.
For a long time,people focused 4.　　　　　　 white pollution on land.Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people’s attention when more and more 5.　　　　　　(report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 6.　　　　　　　　　(design) and invent 7.　　　　　 new plastic.The research 8.　　　　　(select) as one of the winning projects at a contest.The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 9.　　　　　　(environment) protection,contributing Chinese wisdom to 10.　　　　　　　(resolve) global pollution problems.
分层跟踪检测(一)Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.were finned　2.covered　3.a　4.where　5.towards/to
6.awareness　7.fortunately　8.extinction　9.in　10.was attacked
Ⅱ.1.cut off　2.due to　3.come across　4.in fear　5.the other way round　6.by mistake　7.rather than　8.have an effect on
Ⅲ.1.saw my sister studying　2.were having dinner when
3.Not every student　4.not only;but also　5.winning many awards
Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了佛罗里达州的珊瑚礁因受高温天气影响而出现白化现象以及专家们为保护珊瑚礁所采取的措施。
1.A　词句猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句的下文“The algae gets energy from the sun and shares it...providing homes and food for many organisms that live there.”可知,珊瑚分享藻类从太阳获得能量,珊瑚礁为生活在那里的许多生物提供了家园和食物;因此,藻类与珊瑚之间是相互依存的共生关系;由此可知,画线词所在句子意为“珊瑚是一种动物,它与一种微小的藻类有共生关系”,因此画线词symbiotic表达的意思是“共生的,相互依赖的”,与reliable表达的意思一致。故选A项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The record high temperatures created an extremely stressful environment for the coral reefs,which are currently also experiencing intense coral bleaching (白化).”可知,高温引起了珊瑚礁的白化现象。故选C项。
3.B　理解细节题。根据第三段中“Many labs,institutions and other organizations are working nonstop to protect and...to discover which species will survive best in future.”可知,科学家们在不遗余力地保护和维护珊瑚礁,他们研究困扰珊瑚礁的因素、孵化珊瑚卵、种植珊瑚枝节、高温中把许多珊瑚苗圃移到了更深的水域和海岸设施中以及深入研究珊瑚的DNA以发现未来存活最好的物种;B选项“Growing and planting coral spawn.”不是科学家所采取的保护措施。故选B项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are some bright spots in the story,however.Some corals have recovered from the bleaching,and many did not bleach at all.”可知,经过科学家的努力,一些珊瑚已经从白化中恢复过来,许多珊瑚根本没有白化;由此可知,科学家们的努力有了成效。故选D项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是用于减少空气污染的“城市树”。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the City Tree isn’t,in fact,a tree at all—it’s a moss culture.”及“‘Moss cultures have a much larger leaf surface area than any other plant.That means we can catch more pollutants’”可知,城市树是一种吸收污染物的苔藓培养物。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段的“But planting new trees is not always a good choice for lack of enough space.”和第三段中的“Each City Tree is just under 4 meters tall,nearly 3 meters wide and 2.19 meters deep,acting as a chair or a bench.”可知,城市树在城市里流行起来是因为它占用更少的空间。
7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It requires very little care:solar panels provide electricity,while rainwater is collected into a container and then sent into the soil.”和最后一段中的“To monitor the health of the moss,the City Tree has sensors which measure soil humidity,temperature and water quality.”可知,城市树靠太阳能电池板和传感器工作。
8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Its creators say that each City Tree is able to absorb around 250 grams of particulate matter a day and contributes to removing 480 tons of CO2 a year.”可知,城市树的未来是有前途的。
Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在过去的70年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步,其中保护野生动物无疑是重要的一环。
1.B　根据上句“China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years.”可知,在过去的70年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步。根据下句“Each species on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.”可知,地球上的每一个物种都在生态系统中起着作用。所以保护野生动物无疑是重要的一个环节。故选B项。
2.G　根据上句“In recent decades,a series of wildlife-protection campaigns have been carried out by the central government.”可知,近几十年来,中央政府开展了一系列的野生动物保护运动。所以对一些濒临灭绝的物种的保护由于采取了这些措施而取得了令人瞩目的进展。故选G项。下文的“The giant panda and the crested ibis”也是提示。
3.E　根据下句“By the end of last year,seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild.”可知,到去年年底,放归的9只大熊猫中有7只在野外存活。所以科学家们一直致力于喂养大熊猫,然后将它们放归野外。故选E项。
4.A　根据下文可知,1981年,在陕西省的洋县,只发现了七只朱鹮。而近年来,中国甚至将朱鹮送往日本和韩国,以帮助该物种的生存。所以A项“另一个物种曾经被认为要灭绝了”。符合语境。
5.C　根据下文可知,继续实施重点保护工程,包括制定国家保护野生动植物名录,打击包括象牙在内的非法野生动物贸易。所以中国将继续加强野生动物保护。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新塑料,这种塑料可以在海水中降解,并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
1.increasingly　考查词性转换。该空后为形容词serious,应用副词increasingly修饰,故填increasingly。
2.leaving　考查非谓语动词。该句中已有谓语动词,此处应为非谓语动词;且此处表示自然而然的结果,所以使用其现在分词形式。故填leaving。
3.who　 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Gexia,且在从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
4.on　 考查介词。短语focus on表示“把注意力集中于……”。故填on。
5.reports　考查名词的数。report为可数名词,且“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”,故用复数形式。故填reports。
6.to design　考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处应用动词不定式表示目的,故填to design。
7.the　考查冠词。这里表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新塑料,应用定冠词the。故填the。
8.was selected　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;主语与谓语构成被动关系,故为一般过去时的被动语态;主语是The research,谓语用单数。故填was selected。
9.environmental　考查词性转换。protection为名词,应用形容词进行修饰,作定语。故填environmental。
10.resolving　考查非谓语动词。contribute...to...表示“贡献”,其中to为介词,其后应用动词-ing形式。故填resolving。
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