资源简介

Unit 1　Nature in the balance
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The physician says that the medicine is 　　　　 to children but 　　　　 to adults.(harm)
(2)②众所周知,长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
→As is known to all,staring at the screen too long 　　　　　　　　.(harm v.)
→What is known to all is that staring at the screen too long 　　　　　　　　.(harm n.)
→It is known to all that staring at the screen too long 　　　　　　　　.(harmful adj.)
【答案】 (1)①harmful;harmless　(2)②harms our eyes;does harm to our eyes;is harmful to our eyes
·do/cause harm to sb/sth=do/cause sb/sth harm对…有害
There is no harm in doing...做…无害处
·harmful adj.有害的;造成伤害的
be harmful to ...对…有害
·harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
[语境运用]语境串词/一句多译
(1)①　　　　 of after-class activities will be held,　　　　 from the English corner to the literature club.So we students can get 　　　　 experiences.(vary)
(2)②我喜欢阅读Youth几乎所有的栏目,从中国诗歌到英语故事。(应用文写作之投稿)
→I like reading almost every column of Youth,　　　　　　　　.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
→I like reading almost every column of Youth,　　　　　　　　.(现在分词短语作状语)
【答案】 (1)①Varieties;varying;various
(2)②which varies from Chinese poems to English stories;varying from Chinese poems to English stories
·a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
·vary vi.相异;改变;变化
vary in...在…方面不同
vary with/by...随…变化
vary between...and...=vary from...to...从…到…不等,在…到…之间变化
·various adj.各种各样的,各种不同的
3.survive vi.生存,存活
vt.幸存,幸免于难
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase the chances of 　　　　.Thanks to the swimming skills,he and his friend succeeded in 　　　　 the terrible flood and they were the only two 　　　　.(survive)
(2)②生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之主题升华)
Life isn’t about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 while it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
③它们是适应能力很强的觅食者,赖以生存的食物来源很广。
They are adaptable foragers that can 　　　　　　　　　　　　food sources.
【答案】 (1)①survival;surviving;survivors
(2)②how to survive the storm　③survive on a wide range of
·survive sth幸免于;从…中活过来
survive on...靠…存活下来
A survive B by...A比B多活了…
·survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
·survivor n.幸存者
survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因而不需要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。
4.application n.应用,运用;申请;涂抹;应用程序
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①She had applied 　　　　 a job in this company.Unfortunately,her　　　　(apply) was rejected.So,she should apply herself to 　　　　(improve) her skills.
(2)②我写信向您申请你们在昨天的报纸上招聘的职位。(应用文写作之申请信)

you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
③如果你集中精力于学习,你迟早会取得更大的进步。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
　 , you will make much more progress sooner or later.
【答案】 (1)①for;application;improving
(2)②I am writing to apply to you for the position　③If you apply yourself to your study
·make an application (to...) for...(向…)申请…
·apply v.运用;申请;应用;涂;敷
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于…(to为介词)
apply...to...把…应用于…;将…涂抹在…上
apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物
·applicant n.申请人
5.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child 　　　　 harm and danger.
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if 　　　　 defence.
(2)③看到那只凶猛的狼,他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之动作描写)
→Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed 　 .(defend)
→Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed 　 .(defence)
【答案】 (1)①from/against　②in　(2)③to defend his son like an arrow;in defence of his son like an arrow
·in defence (of) 保护;保卫;(为…)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护
·defend vt.保护;保卫;防守;辩解
defend...from/against...保护…免受…
defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫
·defensive adj.防御的;保护的
6.in turn 相应地,转而;轮流;依次
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Some student representatives took turns 　　　　(deliver) speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.
②It turned 　　　　 that she was a friend of my sister.
(2)③除此之外,它引起了更多的交通阻塞和事故,这反过来妨碍了人们的正常生活。
In addition,more traffic jams and more accidents arise from it,which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④人们排着队,依次进入大厅。
People lined up and 　 .
【答案】 (1)①to deliver　②out　(2)③in turn disturbs people’s normal life　④entered the hall in turn/by turns或took turns to enter the hall
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that...结果是…
7.come up with 想出,想到
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Can you tell me how the accident came 　　　　
②She came up 　　　　 a new idea for increasing sales.
③He spoke for a long time but none of his points seemed to come 　　　　.
④His book on English learning will come 　　　　 next month.
(2)⑤当谈到我最喜欢的季节时,春天总是立刻出现在我的脑海里。
　 , spring will always occur to me in no time.
【答案】 (1)①about　②with　③across　④out　(2)⑤When it comes to the season I like best
come up 走近;上来;被提出
come across (偶然)遇见,碰见(无被动形式);偶然发现;被理解,被弄懂
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come on 加油;到来;得了吧
come out出版;结果是;(花)开放
when it comes to...当谈及…
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林占地约600万平方千米,是中国面积的一半以上。
◆倍数表达法
句中“the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China” 为倍数表达法。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The length of the road is four times　　　　 it was three years ago.
②His cellphone looked just as nice as hers,but it cost　　　　(two) as much as hers.
(2)③正在建的新体育馆是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(than)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(size)
【答案】 (1)①what　②twice　(2)③three times bigger than;three times as big as;three times the size of
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种:
·A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as B
·A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than B
·A+谓语+倍数+the+计量名词(size/weight/length/...)+of B
·A+谓语+倍数+what从句
倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替;一倍常用once,两倍常用twice或double,三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词+times”。
2.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
◆“介词+whom/which”引导非限制性定语从句
[语境运用]单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)①Our club consists of many optional courses,each of 　　　　 appeals to many students.
②Whenever I encounter difficulties in English study,you always cheer me up and help me out,
　　　　 which I am really grateful to you.
(2)③刚刚跟你讲话的人是我哥哥。
④这个旨在引起我们对环境保护的关注的活动提高了我们关爱大自然的意识。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
【答案】 (1)①which　②for　(2)③The man with/to whom you talked just now is my elder brother.　④The activity,the aim of which is to draw our attention to environmental protection,raises our awareness of caring about nature./The activity,whose aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection,raises our awareness of caring about nature.
(1)定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语且介词位于引导词之前时,指物只能用引导词which,指人只能用引导词whom,且引导词不能省略。
(2)“the +名词+of whom/which”可转换为“whose+名词”。
(3)如何判断和确定从句中的介词
①根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词;
②根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词;
③根据句意来确定介词。
3.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
◆while引导让步状语从句
[语境运用]完成句子
①正如俗话所说:“趁热打铁。”
As the old saying goes,“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
②尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(读后续写之主题
升华)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
③参观这次展览的时候,我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品,而且可以学到很多东西。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.
④看到这一幕,马克斯大哭起来,向空中挥舞着拳头,而莉莉则兴奋地尖叫起来。(读后续写之动作/情绪描写)
Max burst into tears at the sight,throwing a fist in the air,　 .
【答案】 ①Strike while the iron is hot　②While we can’t predict what will happen in the future　③While (we are) visiting this exhibition　④while Lily screamed with excitement
while用法小结:
·作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,多用于句首,意为“尽管,虽然”,相当于though/although;
·作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“在…期间,当…的时候”,从句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词或表示状态的词(当从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略);
·作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。
while,when,as表“当…的时候”的区别:
while强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现,与延续性动词连用;
when可与延续性或非延续性动词连用,也可以用于强调“当时”“这时”之意;
as强调同时性,指“一边…一边…”,表示一件事情发生,另一件事情立刻发生。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Born just before WWⅡ,my grandmother experienced an　　　　(完全地) different childhood lifestyle from mine.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“We are passionate about reducing waste,　　　　(碳) and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)You choose which　　　　(长度) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.
4.The physical condition of the participant can be 　　　　(追踪) by monitoring the heart rate as he breathes in and out.
5.What will you do in 　　　　(保护) of the living things in this region
6.I think it 　　　　(使获益) you nothing to follow his example.
7.In the 　　　　 (以前的) case you may be able to read a chapter of the whole book.
8.Some 　　　　(分支) of AI research have proved to be of great practical use in countless fields.
9.It is natural that a mayor should pay more attention to the 　　　　(经济的) development.
【答案】 1.entirely　2.carbon　3.length　4.tracked　5.defence　6.profits　7.former　　8.branches　9.economic
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
in turn　break down　build up　come up with　spring to one’s mind
1.He 　　　　　　　　 at the news,tears pouring down his cheeks.
2.For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us learn more effectively 　　　　　　　　.
3.Tom is the only one of the engineers who 　　　　　　　　 the solution so far.
4.While Daniel was walking on the pavement,a good idea　　　　　　　　.
5.A cross-country running race was held with the aim of helping us 　　　　　　　　 strength.
【答案】 1.broke down　2.in turn　3.has come up with　4.sprang to his mind　5.build up
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest,the largest rainforest in the world.It plays a significant role in 1.　　　　 (maintain) the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries 2.　　　　 an area of around 6 million square kilometres,more than half 3.　　　　 size of China.It is named after the Amazon River,4.　　　　 is close to 6,400 kilometres in length.
Of the 390,000 plant species 5.　　　　 (know) to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable 6.　　　　 (vary) of wildlife.And more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.For example,7.　　　　 a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
Known as the “lungs of the planet”,the Amazon rainforest 8.　　　　 (breath) life into the planet by fixing carbon and 9.　　　　 (produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet,due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming,about 17 per cent of the rainforest 10.　　　　(disappear) over the past 50 years.
【答案】 1.maintaining　2.with　3.the　4.which　5.known　6.variety　7.while　8.breathes　9.producing 10.has disappeared
单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Why not try a 　　　　(region) alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
2.Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to 　　　　(solve) problems in industry.
3.8 June was　　　　(official) named by the UN in 2008 as World Oceans Day.
4.He was the only 　　　　 of the plane crash,and he described to us the process of
　　　　.(survive)
5.There are 　　　　 goods in the supermarket,and the prices 　　　　 from cents to dollars.The 　　　　 attracts many customers.(vary)
6.However,love alone is insufficient to lead a good life.Love sometimes blinds us to the reality.
　　　　 (consequent),our good intentions may not lead to good results.
7.It ranked celebrities based on the percentage of search results that were found to be damaging and on how 　　　　 (harm) those sites turned out to be.
8.An increasing number of people come to realize that the 　　　　 (disappear) of animals will result in a serious threat to the ecosystem.
9.Despite anything that medicine may have achieved,the immune system is our main 　　　　 (defend) against disease.
【答案】 1.regional　2.solving　3.officially　4.survivor;surviving/survival　5.various;vary;variety 6.Consequently　7.harmful　8.disappearance　9.defence
　　假设你是李华,请你以“Protect the Earth”为主题写一篇英文倡议书,号召大家保护我们的家园——地球。
1.众所周知,许多人类活动对我们的家园——地球造成了巨大的危害。(as引导非限制性定语从句;harm)
As is known to us,a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—the Earth.
2.一方面,大气变暖是由于温室气体排放的增加。(due to)
On the one hand,the warmer atmosphere is due to the increasing emissions of greenhouse gas.
3.另一方面,人们造成的水、噪声和光污染使其他生物处于危险之中。(living;put...in danger)
On the other hand,the water,noise and light pollution brought by people put other living things in danger.
4.所有这些反过来又会伤害我们人类,越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病随之而来。(in turn;damage)
All of these in turn will damage us human beings,with more and more natural disasters and rare diseases coming along.
5.因此,是时候采取各种措施来保护地球免受污染了。(consequence;a variety of)
As a consequence,it’s time to take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
6.请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要我们每个人的努力和贡献。(call for)
Please keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
[句式升级]
将第5句用虚拟语气进行改写升级。
As a consequence,it’s time that we took/should take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
[连句成篇]
Dear friends,
As is known to us,a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—the Earth.
On the one hand,the warmer atmosphere is due to the increasing emissions of greenhouse gas.On the other hand,the water,noise and light pollution brought by people put other living things in danger.All of these in turn will damage us human beings,with more and more natural disasters and rare diseases coming along.As a consequence,it’s time that we took/should take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
Please keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
Yours,
Li Hua
　　要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
卡车的声音沿着这条路渐渐远去,两个男孩渴望着美味的冰淇淋,蹦蹦跳跳地走在前面,我妈妈跟在后面。然而,当他们在烈日下跑过了三个街区之后,那辆卡车仍然毫无踪影。曾经舒适的海滩现在像一口巨大的热锅,孩子们已经步履蹒跚,最后终于瘫倒在地,他们身上的最后一丝力气都被抽走了。在我妈妈的鼓励下,马克斯和查理咬紧牙关,又吃力地向前走了三个街区。突然,他们听到了熟悉的叮当声,就像沙漠中的一股清泉。他们飞奔过去,这一次,他们没有错过摊贩(vendor)。
With the craving for the yummy ice cream,the two boys followed the way the sound of the truck receded and skipped lightly ahead.My mum followed behind.
However,after they ran for three blocks in the blazing sun,the truck was still nowhere to be seen.
The once cozy beach was a giant hot pan for them.
The children staggered on and finally paralysed themselves onto the ground.
The last trace of strength was extracted from their bodies.
After they were encouraged by my mum,Max and Charley clenched their teeth and trudged forward for another three blocks.
All at once,the familiar clang came to their ears like a spring of fresh water in a desert.
They dashed forward.This time,they didn’t miss the vendor.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
①Following the way the sound of the truck receded (非谓语作状语),with the craving for the yummy ice cream,the two boys skipped lightly ahead.My mum followed behind.However,after they ran for three blocks in the blazing sun,the truck was still nowhere to be seen.②The once cozy beach a giant hot pan for them (独立主格结构),the children staggered on and finally paralysed themselves onto the ground,③the last trace of strength extracted from their bodies (独立主格结构).④Encouraged by my mum (非谓语作状语),Max and Charley,⑤teeth clenched (独立主格结构),trudged forward for another three blocks.All at once,the familiar clang came to their ears like a spring of fresh water in a desert.⑥Dashing forward (非谓语作状语),this time,they didn’t miss the vendor.
(提示:面训练见P59)
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Unit 1　Nature in the balance
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The physician says that the medicine is 　　　 　 to children but
　　　 　 to adults.(harm)
harmful
harmless
(2)②众所周知,长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
→As is known to all,staring at the screen too long 　 　　　　　　　.
(harm v.)
→What is known to all is that staring at the screen too long
　　　　　　　　.(harm n.)
→It is known to all that staring at the screen too long
　　　　 　　　　.(harmful adj.)
harms our eyes
does harm to
our eyes
is harmful to
our eyes
·do/cause harm to sb/sth=do/cause sb/sth harm对…有害
There is no harm in doing...做…无害处
·harmful adj.有害的;造成伤害的
be harmful to ...对…有害
·harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
[语境运用]语境串词/一句多译
(1)①　　　 　 of after-class activities will be held,　　　　 from the English corner to the literature club.So we students can get 　　　 　 experiences.
(vary)
Varieties
varying
various
(2)②我喜欢阅读Youth几乎所有的栏目,从中国诗歌到英语故事。(应用文写作之投稿)
→I like reading almost every column of Youth,
　　　　 　　　　.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
→I like reading almost every column of Youth,
　　　 　　　 　　.(现在分词短语作状语)
which varies from Chinese
poems to English stories
varying from Chinese
poems to English stories
·a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
·vary vi.相异;改变;变化
vary in...在…方面不同
vary with/by...随…变化
vary between...and...=vary from...to...从…到…不等,在…到…之间变化
·various adj.各种各样的,各种不同的
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase the chances of
　　　　.Thanks to the swimming skills,he and his friend succeeded in
　　 　　 the terrible flood and they were the only two 　　 　　.
(survive)
3.survive vi.生存,存活
vt.幸存,幸免于难
survival
surviving
survivors
(2)②生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之主题升华)
Life isn’t about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 while it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
③它们是适应能力很强的觅食者,赖以生存的食物来源很广。
They are adaptable foragers that can 　　　　　　 　　　　　　food sources.
how to survive the storm
survive on a wide range of
·survive sth幸免于;从…中活过来
survive on...靠…存活下来
A survive B by...A比B多活了…
·survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
·survivor n.幸存者
survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因而不需要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。
4.application n.应用,运用;申请;涂抹;应用程序
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①She had applied 　　　　 a job in this company.Unfortunately,her
　　　 　(apply) was rejected.So,she should apply herself to
　　 　　(improve) her skills.
for
application
improving
(2)②我写信向您申请你们在昨天的报纸上招聘的职位。(应用文写作之
申请信)
you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
③如果你集中精力于学习,你迟早会取得更大的进步。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
　 , you will make much more progress sooner or later.
I am writing to apply to you for the position
If you apply yourself to your study
·make an application (to...) for...(向…)申请…
·apply v.运用;申请;应用;涂;敷
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于…(to为介词)
apply...to...把…应用于…;将…涂抹在…上
apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物
·applicant n.申请人
5.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child
　　 　　 harm and danger.
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if
　　　　 defence.
from/against
in
(2)③看到那只凶猛的狼,他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之动作
描写)
→Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed 　 .
(defend)
→Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed 　 .
(defence)
to defend his son like an arrow
in defence of his son like an arrow
·in defence (of) 保护;保卫;(为…)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护
·defend vt.保护;保卫;防守;辩解
defend...from/against...保护…免受…
defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫
·defensive adj.防御的;保护的
6.in turn 相应地,转而;轮流;依次
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Some student representatives took turns 　　 　　(deliver) speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.
②It turned 　　　　 that she was a friend of my sister.
to deliver
out
(2)③除此之外,它引起了更多的交通阻塞和事故,这反过来妨碍了人们的正常生活。
In addition,more traffic jams and more accidents arise from it,which
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④人们排着队,依次进入大厅。
People lined up and
　 .
in turn disturbs people’s normal life
entered the hall in turn/by turns或took turns to enter
the hall
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that...结果是…
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Can you tell me how the accident came 　　　　
②She came up 　　　　 a new idea for increasing sales.
③He spoke for a long time but none of his points seemed to come 　　　　.
④His book on English learning will come 　　　　 next month.
7.come up with 想出,想到
about
with
across
out
(2)⑤当谈到我最喜欢的季节时,春天总是立刻出现在我的脑海里。
　 , spring will always occur to me in no time.
When it comes to the season I like best
come up 走近;上来;被提出
come across (偶然)遇见,碰见(无被动形式);偶然发现;被理解,被弄懂
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come on 加油;到来;得了吧
come out出版;结果是;(花)开放
when it comes to...当谈及…
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林占地约600万平方千米,是中国面积的一半以上。
◆倍数表达法
句中“the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China” 为倍数
表达法。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The length of the road is four times　　　　 it was three years ago.
②His cellphone looked just as nice as hers,but it cost　　　　(two) as much as hers.
what
twice
(2)③正在建的新体育馆是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(than)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　 　　　　 the playground.(as)
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　 　　 　 the playground.(size)
three times bigger than
three times as big as
three times the size of
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种:
·A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as B
·A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than B
·A+谓语+倍数+the+计量名词(size/weight/length/...)+of B
·A+谓语+倍数+what从句
倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替;一倍常用once,两倍常用twice或double,三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词+times”。
2.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约
100千米。
◆“介词+whom/which”引导非限制性定语从句
[语境运用]单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)①Our club consists of many optional courses,each of 　　　　 appeals to many students.
②Whenever I encounter difficulties in English study,you always cheer me up and help me out,　　　　 which I am really grateful to you.
which
for
(2)③刚刚跟你讲话的人是我哥哥。
The man with/to whom you talked just now is my elder brother.
④这个旨在引起我们对环境保护的关注的活动提高了我们关爱大自然的意识。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
The activity,the aim of which is to draw our attention to environmental
protection,raises our awareness of caring about nature./The activity,whose
aim is to draw our attention to environmental protection,raises our
awareness of caring about nature.
(1)定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语且介词位于引导词之前时,指物只能用引导词which,指人只能用引导词whom,且引导词不能省略。
(2)“the +名词+of whom/which”可转换为“whose+名词”。
(3)如何判断和确定从句中的介词
①根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词;
②根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词;
③根据句意来确定介词。
3.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
◆while引导让步状语从句
[语境运用]完成句子
①正如俗话所说:“趁热打铁。”
As the old saying goes,“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
②尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。
(读后续写之主题升华)
　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　　,we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
Strike while the iron is hot
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future　
③参观这次展览的时候,我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品,而且可以学到很多东西。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　,we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.
④看到这一幕,马克斯大哭起来,向空中挥舞着拳头,而莉莉则兴奋地尖叫起来。(读后续写之动作/情绪描写)
Max burst into tears at the sight,throwing a fist in the air,
　 .
While (we are) visiting this exhibition
while Lily
screamed with excitement
while用法小结:
·作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,多用于句首,意为“尽管,虽然”,相当于though/although;
·作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“在…期间,当…的时候”,从句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词或表示状态的词(当从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略);
·作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。
while,when,as表“当…的时候”的区别:
while强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现,与延续性动词连用;
when可与延续性或非延续性动词连用,也可以用于强调“当时”“这时”之意;
as强调同时性,指“一边…一边…”,表示一件事情发生,另一件事情立刻发生。
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Born just before WWⅡ,my grandmother experienced an
　　　　(完全地) different childhood lifestyle from mine.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“We are passionate about reducing waste,　　　
(碳) and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
entirely
carbon
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)You choose which　　　　(长度) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.
4.The physical condition of the participant can be 　　 　　(追踪) by monitoring the heart rate as he breathes in and out.
5.What will you do in 　　 　　(保护) of the living things in this region
length
tracked
defence
6.I think it 　　　　(使获益) you nothing to follow his example.
7.In the 　　 　　 (以前的) case you may be able to read a chapter of the whole book.
8.Some 　　 　　(分支) of AI research have proved to be of great practical use in countless fields.
9.It is natural that a mayor should pay more attention to the 　 　　　(经济的) development.
profits
former
branches
economic
1.He 　　　　 　　　　 at the news,tears pouring down his cheeks.
2.For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us learn more effectively 　　　　　.
3.Tom is the only one of the engineers who 　　　　　 　　　 the solution so far.
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
broke down
in turn　break down　build up　come up with　spring to one’s mind
in turn
has come up with
4.While Daniel was walking on the pavement,a good idea　　　　　　　　.
5.A cross-country running race was held with the aim of helping us
strength.
sprang to his mind
in turn　break down　build up　come up with　spring to one’s mind
build up
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest,the largest rainforest in the world.It plays a significant role in 1.　　 　　 (maintain) the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries
2.　　　　 an area of around 6 million square kilometres,more than half
3.　　　　 size of China.It is named after the Amazon River,4.　　　　 is close to 6,400 kilometres in length.
maintaining
with
the
which
Of the 390,000 plant species 5.　　　　 (know) to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable 6.　　 　　 (vary) of wildlife.And more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.For example,7.　　 　　 a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
known
variety
while
Known as the “lungs of the planet”,the Amazon rainforest 8.
(breath) life into the planet by fixing carbon and 9.　　　 　 (produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet,due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming,about 17 per cent of the rainforest 10.　　 　　(disappear) over the past 50 years.
breathes
producing
has disappeared
单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Why not try a 　　 　　(region) alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
2.Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to 　　　　(solve) problems in industry.
3.8 June was　　 　　(official) named by the UN in 2008 as World Oceans Day.
regional
solving
officially
4.He was the only 　　　　 of the plane crash,and he described to us the process of 　　 　　.(survive)
5.There are 　　 　　 goods in the supermarket,and the prices
from cents to dollars.The 　　　 　 attracts many customers.(vary)
6.However,love alone is insufficient to lead a good life.Love sometimes blinds us to the reality.　　 　　 (consequent),our good intentions may not lead to good results.
survivor
surviving/survival
various
vary
variety
Consequently
7.It ranked celebrities based on the percentage of search results that were found to be damaging and on how 　　　 　 (harm) those sites turned out to be.
8.An increasing number of people come to realize that the
(disappear) of animals will result in a serious threat to the ecosystem.
9.Despite anything that medicine may have achieved,the immune system is our main 　　 　　 (defend) against disease.
harmful
disappearance
defence
微写作
倡议书——人与环境——保护地球
假设你是李华,请你以“Protect the Earth”为主题写一篇英文倡议书,号召大家保护我们的家园——地球。
1.众所周知,许多人类活动对我们的家园——地球造成了巨大的危害。(as引导非限制性定语从句;harm)
As is known to us,a great many human activities have done great harm to
our home—the Earth.
2.一方面,大气变暖是由于温室气体排放的增加。(due to)
On the one hand,the warmer atmosphere is due to the increasing emissions of greenhouse gas.
3.另一方面,人们造成的水、噪声和光污染使其他生物处于危险之中。(living;put...in danger)
On the other hand,the water,noise and light pollution brought by people put other living things in danger.
4.所有这些反过来又会伤害我们人类,越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病随之而来。(in turn;damage)
All of these in turn will damage us human beings,with more and more natural disasters and rare diseases coming along.
5.因此,是时候采取各种措施来保护地球免受污染了。(consequence;
a variety of)
As a consequence,it’s time to take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
6.请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要我们每个人的努力和贡献。
(call for)
Please keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
[句式升级]
将第5句用虚拟语气进行改写升级。
As a consequence,it’s time that we took/should take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
[连句成篇]
Dear friends,
As is known to us,a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—the Earth.
On the one hand,the warmer atmosphere is due to the increasing emissions of greenhouse gas.On the other hand,the water,noise and light pollution brought by people put other living things in danger.All of these in turn will damage us human beings,with more and more natural disasters and rare diseases coming along.As a consequence,it’s time that we took/
should take a variety of/varieties of measures to protect the Earth from pollution.
Please keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能
点训练——“走、跑、跳”
读后续写微技能
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
卡车的声音沿着这条路渐渐远去,两个男孩渴望着美味的冰淇淋,蹦蹦跳跳地走在前面,我妈妈跟在后面。然而,当他们在烈日下跑过了三个街区之后,那辆卡车仍然毫无踪影。曾经舒适的海滩现在像一口巨大的热锅,孩子们已经步履蹒跚,最后终于瘫倒在地,他们身上的最后一丝力气都被抽走了。在我妈妈的鼓励下,马克斯和查理咬紧牙关,又吃力地向前走了三个街区。突然,他们听到了熟悉的叮当声,就像沙漠中的一股清泉。他们飞奔过去,这一次,他们没有错过摊贩(vendor)。
线训练——“走、跑、跳”
With the craving for the yummy ice cream,the two boys followed the way the sound of the truck receded and skipped lightly ahead.My mum followed behind.
However,after they ran for three blocks in the blazing sun,the truck was still nowhere to be seen.
The once cozy beach was a giant hot pan for them.
The children staggered on and finally paralysed themselves onto the ground.
The last trace of strength was extracted from their bodies.
After they were encouraged by my mum,Max and Charley clenched their teeth and trudged forward for another three blocks.
All at once,the familiar clang came to their ears like a spring of fresh water in a desert.
They dashed forward.This time,they didn’t miss the vendor.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
①Following the way the sound of the truck receded (非谓语作状语),
with the craving for the yummy ice cream,the two boys skipped lightly ahead.My mum followed behind.However,after they ran for three blocks in the blazing sun,the truck was still nowhere to be seen.
②The once cozy beach a giant hot pan for them (独立主格结构),the children staggered on and finally paralysed themselves onto the ground,③the last trace of strength extracted from their bodies (独立主格结构).④Encouraged by my mum (非谓语作状语),Max and Charley,⑤teeth clenched (独立主格结构),trudged forward for another three blocks.All at once,the familiar clang came to their ears like a spring of fresh water in a desert.⑥Dashing forward (非谓语作状语),this time,they didn’t miss the vendor.

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