资源简介

Unit 2　Natural disasters（原卷版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day,countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners (预兆) of forthcoming quakes.
However,there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill,a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement,but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs,given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually,real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed,an earthquake occurred two days later,making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays,seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently,there is an earthquake forecasting company that can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally,it does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km.Fortunately,such quakes are almost always harmless,since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau,an expert in earthquake engineering,said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
(　　)1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
[A] Some basic physics of earthquakes are not fully understood.
[B] Data on the early warning signs is unreliable.
[C] Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
[D] It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
(　　)2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
[A] To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
[B] To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
[C] To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
[D] To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
(　　)3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4
[A] Humans can predict earthquakes accurately in the future.
[B] Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
[C] Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
[D] Scientists have no reliable way to predict earthquakes.
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the passage
[A] The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
[B] The history of earthquake forecasting.
[C] The methods of earthquake forecasting.
[D] The future of earthquake forecasting.
B
It is reported that endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊),creating “pizzly” bears,which is being driven by climate change.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins,starving polar bears are being forced ever further south,where they meet grizzlies,whose ranges are expanding northwards.And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats,some scientists guess that they could be here to stay.“Usually,hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents,but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis,an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University,told the newspaper.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline:Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years.This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges,where they outcompete them,but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period,a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said,referring to fat meals such as seals.“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources,like seabird eggs,it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually,the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over,leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said.“The polar bear is telling us how bad things are.In some sense,‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
(　　)5.Why are polar bears moving further south
[A] To create hybrids. [B] To expand ranges.
[C] To contact grizzlies. [D] To relieve hunger.
(　　)6.What enables “pizzly” bears to adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents
[A] Broader habitats. [B] Climate preference.
[C] More food options. [D] Improved breeding ability.
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in Paragraph 5 refer to
[A] A rare chance. [B] A critical stage.
[C] A positive factor. [D] A constant change.
(　　)8.What is the main idea of the text
[A] Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
[B] Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
[C] “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
[D] “Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather,even if you need to move out.
2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm,many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home,so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house,too.Trim(修剪) trees,especially dead branches,to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also,there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the Earth.
1. 　　　　 (actual),every second about 100 lightning strikes hit 2. 　　　　 surface of the Earth.In some parts of the world,for example in India,summer lightning storms are very common.
With the rainy season 3. 　　　　 (begin) there,storms often cover most of the country’s northern area.A newspaper once 4. 　　　　 (report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.
If you are outside,5. 　　　　 (expert) say you should take cover,6. 　　　　 means finding a safe shelter for protection.During a lightning storm,no place outside is safe.If you hear thunder,lightning is close enough to hit you.Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree.
If you are indoors during a lightning storm,you could still be 7. 　　　　 danger.Stay off wired phones,computers and other 8. 　　　　 (equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity.Avoid any area with running water and stay away from windows and doors.Specialists at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save 9. 　　　　 (they) lives.It is safe 10. 　　　　 (touch) a lightning strike victim.People struck by lightning do not carry charge.
Unit 2　Natural disasters（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day,countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners (预兆) of forthcoming quakes.
However,there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill,a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement,but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs,given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually,real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed,an earthquake occurred two days later,making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays,seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently,there is an earthquake forecasting company that can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally,it does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km.Fortunately,such quakes are almost always harmless,since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau,an expert in earthquake engineering,said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术,并解释了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
(　　)1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
[A] Some basic physics of earthquakes are not fully understood.
[B] Data on the early warning signs is unreliable.
[C] Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
[D] It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的前两句可知,地震预测如此困难是因为地震的一些基本物理原理没有被充分理解。故选A。
(　　)2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
[A] To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
[B] To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
[C] To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
[D] To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知,作者给出Pherecydes成功预测地震的例子是为了说明古希腊时期就存在地震预测了,表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C。
(　　)3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4
[A] Humans can predict earthquakes accurately in the future.
[B] Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
[C] Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
[D] Scientists have no reliable way to predict earthquakes.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话可推知,Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the passage
[A] The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
[B] The history of earthquake forecasting.
[C] The methods of earthquake forecasting.
[D] The future of earthquake forecasting.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段内容可知,文章主要介绍了地震预测的方法。故选C。
B
It is reported that endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊),creating “pizzly” bears,which is being driven by climate change.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins,starving polar bears are being forced ever further south,where they meet grizzlies,whose ranges are expanding northwards.And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats,some scientists guess that they could be here to stay.“Usually,hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents,but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis,an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University,told the newspaper.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline:Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years.This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges,where they outcompete them,but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period,a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said,referring to fat meals such as seals.“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources,like seabird eggs,it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually,the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over,leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said.“The polar bear is telling us how bad things are.In some sense,‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。由于气候变暖,濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,繁殖出“小灰熊”,杂交的“小灰熊”的数量正在增加,这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
(　　)5.Why are polar bears moving further south
[A] To create hybrids. [B] To expand ranges.
[C] To contact grizzlies. [D] To relieve hunger.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“starving polar bears are being forced ever further south”可知,饥饿的北极熊被迫向南迁移。由此可推知,北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选D。
(　　)6.What enables “pizzly” bears to adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents
[A] Broader habitats. [B] Climate preference.
[C] More food options. [D] Improved breeding ability.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources”可知,这些杂交熊能有更广泛的食物来源。由此可推知,更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in Paragraph 5 refer to
[A] A rare chance. [B] A critical stage.
[C] A positive factor. [D] A constant change.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语后面的内容“result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over”可知,北极熊可能会失去栖息地。由此可推知,无法找到可替代的食物来源,北极熊很可能被“小灰熊”取代,处于生存的关键点。故选B。
(　　)8.What is the main idea of the text
[A] Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
[B] Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
[C] “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
[D] “Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,受气候变化的影响,濒危的北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,繁殖出“小灰熊”,且“小灰熊”因为适应能力更强,数量正在增加。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather,even if you need to move out.
2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm,many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home,so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house,too.Trim(修剪) trees,especially dead branches,to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also,there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据上文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和下文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security...”可知,空处承上启下,应描述飓风会对生命财产造成损害。故选G。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知,That是指上文中提到的人们面对飓风的保护措施,D项切合文意。故选D。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据下文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is...during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面。故选E。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Trim(修剪) trees...and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,C项承接上文。故选C。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“You should also take pictures...their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the Earth.
1. 　　　　 (actual),every second about 100 lightning strikes hit 2. 　　　　 surface of the Earth.In some parts of the world,for example in India,summer lightning storms are very common.
With the rainy season 3. 　　　　 (begin) there,storms often cover most of the country’s northern area.A newspaper once 4. 　　　　 (report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.
If you are outside,5. 　　　　 (expert) say you should take cover,6. 　　　　 means finding a safe shelter for protection.During a lightning storm,no place outside is safe.If you hear thunder,lightning is close enough to hit you.Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree.
If you are indoors during a lightning storm,you could still be 7. 　　　　 danger.Stay off wired phones,computers and other 8. 　　　　 (equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity.Avoid any area with running water and stay away from windows and doors.Specialists at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save 9. 　　　　 (they) lives.It is safe 10. 　　　　 (touch) a lightning strike victim.People struck by lightning do not carry charge.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了闪电是袭击地球最强大的力量之一,作者还介绍了正确应对雷暴天气的一些办法。
1.【答案】 Actually　
【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词,且位于句首首字母大写。故填Actually。
2.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。此处特指“地球的表面”,应用定冠词。故填the。
3.【答案】 beginning　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构,begin与宾语the rainy season是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填beginning。
4.【答案】 reported　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。设空处在主句中作谓语,结合时间状语“once”可知,此处表示发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填reported。
5.【答案】 experts　
【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主句的主语,expert为可数名词,根据后文中主句的谓语动词say为原形可知,此处应为复数形式。故填experts。
6.【答案】 which　
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文中的you should take cover,从句中缺少主语。故填which。
7.【答案】 in　
【解析】 考查固定搭配。固定搭配in danger意为“处于危险中”。故填in。
8.【答案】 equipment　
【解析】 考查名词。此处作介词off的宾语,应用名词,equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。
9.【答案】 their　
【解析】 考查代词。此处修饰名词lives,作定语,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
10.【答案】 to touch　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为“It be+adj.+不定式短语”结构,句中的It作形式主语,此处应用不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to touch。
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Unit 2　Natural disasters
(限时:35分钟　总分:47.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day,countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners (预兆) of forthcoming quakes.
However,there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill,
a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement,but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.
Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs,given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually,real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed,an earthquake occurred two days later,making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays,seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently,there is an earthquake forecasting company that can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally,
it does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km.Fortunately,such quakes are almost always harmless,since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau,an expert in earthquake engineering,said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术,并解释了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
(　　)1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
[A] Some basic physics of earthquakes are not fully understood.
[B] Data on the early warning signs is unreliable.
[C] Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
[D] It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的前两句可知,地震预测如此困难是因为地震的一些基本物理原理没有被充分理解。故选A。
(　　)2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
[A] To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
[B] To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
[C] To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
[D] To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知,作者给出Pherecydes成功预测地震的例子是为了说明古希腊时期就存在地震预测了,表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C。
(　　)3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4
[A] Humans can predict earthquakes accurately in the future.
[B] Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
[C] Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
[D] Scientists have no reliable way to predict earthquakes.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话可推知,
Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the main idea of the passage
[A] The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
[B] The history of earthquake forecasting.
[C] The methods of earthquake forecasting.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段内容可知,文章主要介绍了地震预测的方法。故选C。
B
It is reported that endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊),creating “pizzly” bears,which is being driven by climate change.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins,starving polar bears are being forced ever further south,where they meet grizzlies,whose ranges are expanding northwards.And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats,some scientists guess that they could be here to stay.“Usually,hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents,but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis,an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University,told the newspaper.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline:Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years.
This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges,where they outcompete them,but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period,a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said,referring to fat meals such as seals.“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources,like seabird eggs,it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually,the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over,leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said.“The polar bear is telling us how bad things are.In some sense,‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。由于气候变暖,濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,繁殖出“小灰熊”,杂交的“小灰熊”的数量正在增加,这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
(　　)5.Why are polar bears moving further south
[A] To create hybrids.
[B] To expand ranges.
[C] To contact grizzlies.
[D] To relieve hunger.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“starving polar bears are being forced ever further south”可知,饥饿的北极熊被迫向南迁移。由此可推知,北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选D。
(　　)6.What enables “pizzly” bears to adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents
[A] Broader habitats.
[B] Climate preference.
[C] More food options.
[D] Improved breeding ability.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources”可知,这些杂交熊能有更广泛的食物来源。由此可推知,更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in Paragraph 5 refer to
[A] A rare chance.
[B] A critical stage.
[C] A positive factor.
[D] A constant change.
B
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语后面的内容“result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over”可知,北极熊可能会失去栖息地。由此可推知,无法找到可替代的食物来源,北极熊很可能被“小灰熊”取代,处于生存的关键点。故选B。
(　　)8.What is the main idea of the text
[A] Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
[B] Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
[C] “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
[D] “Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,受气候变化的影响,濒危的北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,繁殖出“小灰熊”,且“小灰熊”因为适应能力更强,数量正在增加。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather,even if you need to move out.
G
2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
D
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm,many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home,so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
E
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house,too.Trim
(修剪) trees,especially dead branches,to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　
C
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also,there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
F
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的
方法。
1.【解析】 根据上文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和下文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security...”可知,空处承上启下,应描述飓风会对生命财产造成损害。故选G。
2.【解析】 根据下文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知,That是指上文中提到的人们面对飓风的保护措施,D项切合文意。故选D。
3.【解析】 根据下文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is...
during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面。故选E。
4.【解析】 根据上文“Trim(修剪) trees...and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,
C项承接上文。故选C。
5.【解析】 根据上文“You should also take pictures...their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the Earth.1. 　　　　 (actual),every second about 100 lightning strikes hit 2. 　　　　 surface of the Earth.In some parts of the world,for example in India,summer lightning storms are very common.With the rainy season 3. 　　 　　 (begin) there,storms often cover most of the country’s northern area.A newspaper once 4. 　　 　　 (report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.
Actually
the
beginning
reported
If you are outside,5. 　　 　　 (expert) say you should take cover,
6. 　　　 　 means finding a safe shelter for protection.During a lightning storm,no place outside is safe.If you hear thunder,lightning is close enough to hit you.Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree.
experts
which
If you are indoors during a lightning storm,you could still be
7. 　　 danger.Stay off wired phones,computers and other 8.
(equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity.Avoid any area with running water and stay away from windows and doors.Specialists at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save 9. 　　 　　 (they) lives.It is safe
10. 　　 　　 (touch) a lightning strike victim.People struck by lightning do not carry charge.
in
equipment
their
to touch
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了闪电是袭击地球最强大的力量之一,作者还介绍了正确应对雷暴天气的一些办法。
1.【解析】 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词,且位于句首首字母大写。故填Actually。
2.【解析】 考查冠词。此处特指“地球的表面”,应用定冠词。故填the。
3.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构,begin与宾语the rainy season是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填beginning。
4.【解析】 考查动词的时态。设空处在主句中作谓语,结合时间状语“once”可知,此处表示发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填reported。
5.【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主句的主语,
expert为可数名词,根据后文中主句的谓语动词say为原形可知,此处应为复数形式。故填experts。
6.【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文中的you should take cover,从句中缺少主语。故填which。
7.【解析】 考查固定搭配。固定搭配in danger意为“处于危险中”。故填in。
8.【解析】 考查名词。此处作介词off的宾语,应用名词,equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。
9.【解析】 考查代词。此处修饰名词lives,作定语,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
10.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为“It be+adj.+不定式短语”结构,句中的It作形式主语,此处应用不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to touch。

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