资源简介

Unit 1　The mass media
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
The first Chinese characters date from the late Shang Dynasty,some 3,000 years ago,originally made for the purposes of divination (占卜).They were written on pieces of tortoiseshell and fragments of bone.
During the Shang Dynasty,divination was very important.To those who knew how to read them,it was belief that exhibits of shell and bone could foretell the future,tell you when to sacrifice,when to harvest,and when illness would strike.So,it was these diviners seeking to unlock the future that accidentally provided us with a key to the past.These oracle bones (甲骨) offer us a precious glimpse of life in China some three thousand years ago.
Of the 4,000 characters used in these descriptions,so far 1,500 have been deciphered.
Through them,we can reconstruct a day in the life of a Shang Dynasty man.
It was that by a combination of careful observation and incredible imagination,the people of the Shang Dynasty turned what they saw,did,and felt into symbols that could be written on turtle shells and animal bones—the very first Chinese characters.
In pictograph characters like “Tian”,meaning farm,simple lines were used to outline the shape of something.But more abstract concepts could be described,too.For example,a short horizontal stroke above a long one meant “above”,a short stroke below a long one meant “below”.By combining more than one character into one,even more complex ideas could be expressed.Take “Jiu”,meaning wine,for example,a combination of the character for cup or container and water.Other characters would combine one character indicating a certain sound with another specifying meaning.“Yang”,for example,meaning wander.
Thanks to the Chinese characters on the oracle bones,Chinese civilisation could at last be recorded and passed down to the generations.Strange as it may seem,the complex system of writing we use today began life thousands of years ago as scratches on bits of bone.Now they’re rooted in hearts and minds of more than a billion people.
(　　)1.What were the first Chinese characters initially used for
[A] Serving the rulers. [B] Recording the past.
[C] Showing natural power. [D] Unlocking the future.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “deciphered” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A] Identified. [B] Destroyed. [C] Discovered. [D] Simplified.
(　　)3.What does Paragraph 5 focus on about the first Chinese characters
[A] The evolution. [B] The formation.
[C] The connection. [D] The meaning.
(　　)4.What is the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce oracle bone script.
[B] To stress the value of Chinese characters.
[C] To highlight the birth of Chinese culture.
[D] To offer a glimpse of life in Shang Dynasty.
B
Journalists are the major group of people who make their living from writing.Many young people who see themselves as future novelists choose journalism as a way of earning a living while developing their writing skills.Although writing for newspapers and writing for books require different qualities,the aspiration (志向) to be a great writer is not one to be discouraged in a would-be journalist.
Most people want their work to be recognised by others.This helps to give it value.Some people also want themselves to be recognised,so that they have status(地位) in the eyes of society.It is not a bad motive to wish to be famous,but this must never become your main reason for being a journalist.You will not be a good journalist if you care more for impressing your audience than for serving their needs.
Knowing the power of the printed or spoken words or images,some people enter journalism for the power it will give them to influence people.There is a strong belief that journalists control the mass media but the best journalists recognise their role as servants of the people.There is a difference between the desire to influence events for your own sake,and the desire to do it for other people.You should never use journalism for selfish ends,but you can use it to improve the life of other people.
Curiosity is a natural part of most people’s characters and an important ingredient for any journalist.Lots of young men and women enter the profession with the desire to know more about the world without needing to specialise in limited fields of study.Most journalists tend to know a little bit about a lot of things,rather than a lot about one subject.Knowledge has many uses.It can simply help to make you a fuller and more interesting person.It can also give you power over people,especially people who do not have that particular knowledge.Always bear in mind that power can be used in a positive way to improve people’s lives.
(　　)5.What can we know from the first paragraph
[A] Journalists are most likely to become great writers.
[B] Writing for newspapers is similar to writing for novels.
[C] Most of the journalists make a living by writing books.
[D] Journalism can be used as a means to improve writing.
(　　)6.Why do some people want themselves to be recognised
[A] To gain high position. [B] To get great power.
[C] To earn much wealth. [D] To learn rich knowledge.
(　　)7.What is most necessary for journalists according to Paragraph 4
[A] Being specialised in a certain field.
[B] Having a wide range of knowledge.
[C] Being good at making friends with others.
[D] Being able to speak a foreign language well.
(　　)8.What does the passage mainly talk about
[A] The development of journalism.
[B] The challenges journalists face now.
[C] Why people choose a career in journalism.
[D] How to become a qualified journalist.
C
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management.A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.
Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company.AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years.
The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon,putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges.
“The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI.On the other hand,the fast pace of change makes work more demanding,and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly.Surprisingly,new kinds of routine work also increase,because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen.
According to the results of the research,the social features of middle management also changed,because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues,depending on the type of AI that was used.Especially when more developed types of AI,such as chatting robots,were included in the AI systems,they were seen as colleagues.
Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges,and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations.For example,they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI.Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management,such as technological understanding skills,interactive skills,problem-solving skills,emotional intelligence and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change.
“AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members.This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasised when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasise the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says.
(　　)9.What does the study find
[A] AI becomes less popular in the service field.
[B] AI makes decisions more fairly than humans.
[C] AI proves human management is unnecessary.
[D] AI makes middle management more demanding.
(　　)10.What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams
[A] Unmentioned. [B] Opposed.
[C] Objective. [D] Indifferent.
(　　)11.Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion
[A] AI can’t replace human managers completely.
[B] Few managers in the service fields are needed.
[C] Employees for managerial positions dislike AI.
[D] AI devotes more time to ethical considerations.
(　　)12.What is the main idea of the text
[A] The integration of AI into service teams is hard.
[B] AI takes over human management in many fields.
[C] AI and human managers are a perfect combination.
[D] The application of AI influences middle management.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
On 17 February,an animal shelter in Ohio shared a story.A woman met with her missing dog Will again.
While 　1　 the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community,Hannah saw a dog named Rome that was to be available at the shelter’s weekend 　2　 event and that dog looked quite 　3　.
Hannah explained in her post that Will,a six-year-old went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere,they couldn’t 　4　 their missing dog.
A shelter volunteer said,“Just yesterday we 　5　 a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s 　6　 in the hope that the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome was 　7　 Will!” But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today! Learning this,the volunteer,in a bit of 　8　 quickly sent a message back that Rome would be at the event! “We would love this family to be 　9　 and we just had to 　10　 whether this was Will after all these years!” It turned out a big yes.The volunteer continued,“The 　11　 story serves as a reminder of the incredible impact that the Internet can have on bringing communities together,especially in times of 　12　.Thank you all for
　13　 Will’s post.”
It was nothing short of a 　14　 and we are sure Hannah and her family are 　15　 to have their dog back!
(　　)1.[A] commenting on [B] checking out
[C] speaking of [D] looking for
(　　)2.[A] celebration [B] adoption [C] demonstration [D] recommendation
(　　)3.[A] dynamic [B] lovely [C] familiar [D] friendly
(　　)4.[A] shelter [B] describe [C] forget [D] locate
(　　)5.[A] received [B] forwarded [C] left [D] delivered
(　　)6.[A] duties [B] achievements
[C] owner [D] appearance
(　　)7.[A] possibly [B] obviously [C] actually [D] typically
(　　)8.[A] hesitation [B] guilt [C] anger [D] panic
(　　)9.[A] popular [B] thankful [C] supported [D] reunited
(　　)10.[A] guess [B] know [C] discuss [D] doubt
(　　)11.[A] heart-warming [B] mind-bending
[C] convincing [D] entertaining
(　　)12.[A] danger [B] need [C] happiness [D] uncertainty
(　　)13.[A] sharing [B] reading [C] revising [D] saving
(　　)14.[A] connection [B] treasure [C] wonder [D] success
(　　)15.[A] excited [B] motivated [C] amused [D] urged
Unit 1　The mass media（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
The first Chinese characters date from the late Shang Dynasty,some 3,000 years ago,originally made for the purposes of divination (占卜).They were written on pieces of tortoiseshell and fragments of bone.
During the Shang Dynasty,divination was very important.To those who knew how to read them,it was belief that exhibits of shell and bone could foretell the future,tell you when to sacrifice,when to harvest,and when illness would strike.So,it was these diviners seeking to unlock the future that accidentally provided us with a key to the past.These oracle bones (甲骨) offer us a precious glimpse of life in China some three thousand years ago.
Of the 4,000 characters used in these descriptions,so far 1,500 have been deciphered.
Through them,we can reconstruct a day in the life of a Shang Dynasty man.
It was that by a combination of careful observation and incredible imagination,the people of the Shang Dynasty turned what they saw,did,and felt into symbols that could be written on turtle shells and animal bones—the very first Chinese characters.
In pictograph characters like “Tian”,meaning farm,simple lines were used to outline the shape of something.But more abstract concepts could be described,too.For example,a short horizontal stroke above a long one meant “above”,a short stroke below a long one meant “below”.By combining more than one character into one,even more complex ideas could be expressed.Take “Jiu”,meaning wine,for example,a combination of the character for cup or container and water.Other characters would combine one character indicating a certain sound with another specifying meaning.“Yang”,for example,meaning wander.
Thanks to the Chinese characters on the oracle bones,Chinese civilisation could at last be recorded and passed down to the generations.Strange as it may seem,the complex system of writing we use today began life thousands of years ago as scratches on bits of bone.Now they’re rooted in hearts and minds of more than a billion people.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最初的汉字——甲骨文,包括其作用、构成及意义。
(　　)1.What were the first Chinese characters initially used for
[A] Serving the rulers. [B] Recording the past.
[C] Showing natural power. [D] Unlocking the future.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第二段内容可知,最初的汉字是用于预测未来。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “deciphered” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A] Identified. [B] Destroyed. [C] Discovered. [D] Simplified.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句的后一句可知,通过这1 500个汉字,我们能了解商朝人的生活,由此可推知,此处指“在这些描述中使用的4 000个字符中,到目前为止有1 500个已经被破译”,deciphered意为“破译,辨认出”,与identified意思一致。故选A。
(　　)3.What does Paragraph 5 focus on about the first Chinese characters
[A] The evolution. [B] The formation.
[C] The connection. [D] The meaning.
【答案】 B　
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第五段内容,结合“In pictograph characters like ‘Tian’...the shape of something.”及“For example,...could be expressed.”可知,本段主要通过举例来说明最初汉字的构成。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce oracle bone script.
[B] To stress the value of Chinese characters.
[C] To highlight the birth of Chinese culture.
[D] To offer a glimpse of life in Shang Dynasty.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国最初的汉字——甲骨文,包括其作用、构成及意义,所以本文的目的是介绍甲骨文。故选A。
B
Journalists are the major group of people who make their living from writing.Many young people who see themselves as future novelists choose journalism as a way of earning a living while developing their writing skills.Although writing for newspapers and writing for books require different qualities,the aspiration (志向) to be a great writer is not one to be discouraged in a would-be journalist.
Most people want their work to be recognised by others.This helps to give it value.Some people also want themselves to be recognised,so that they have status(地位) in the eyes of society.It is not a bad motive to wish to be famous,but this must never become your main reason for being a journalist.You will not be a good journalist if you care more for impressing your audience than for serving their needs.
Knowing the power of the printed or spoken words or images,some people enter journalism for the power it will give them to influence people.There is a strong belief that journalists control the mass media but the best journalists recognise their role as servants of the people.There is a difference between the desire to influence events for your own sake,and the desire to do it for other people.You should never use journalism for selfish ends,but you can use it to improve the life of other people.
Curiosity is a natural part of most people’s characters and an important ingredient for any journalist.Lots of young men and women enter the profession with the desire to know more about the world without needing to specialise in limited fields of study.Most journalists tend to know a little bit about a lot of things,rather than a lot about one subject.Knowledge has many uses.It can simply help to make you a fuller and more interesting person.It can also give you power over people,especially people who do not have that particular knowledge.Always bear in mind that power can be used in a positive way to improve people’s lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了人们选择从事新闻业常见的动机和原因。
(　　)5.What can we know from the first paragraph
[A] Journalists are most likely to become great writers.
[B] Writing for newspapers is similar to writing for novels.
[C] Most of the journalists make a living by writing books.
[D] Journalism can be used as a means to improve writing.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,许多想当作家的年轻人把新闻业作为一种谋生方式,同时也锻炼写作技巧。故选D。
(　　)6.Why do some people want themselves to be recognised
[A] To gain high position. [B] To get great power.
[C] To earn much wealth. [D] To learn rich knowledge.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,一些人想得到人们的认可,这样就会有很高的社会地位。故选A。
(　　)7.What is most necessary for journalists according to Paragraph 4
[A] Being specialised in a certain field.
[B] Having a wide range of knowledge.
[C] Being good at making friends with others.
[D] Being able to speak a foreign language well.
【答案】 B　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句可推知,大部分新闻工作者都具有较广的知识面。故选B。
(　　)8.What does the passage mainly talk about
[A] The development of journalism.
[B] The challenges journalists face now.
[C] Why people choose a career in journalism.
[D] How to become a qualified journalist.
【答案】 C　
【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段讲述了年轻人选择从事新闻业作为一种谋生的方式,同时培养自己的写作技能;第二段讲述了大多数人希望自己的工作得到别人的认可;第三段讲述了新闻行业对他人的影响力;第四段讲述了新闻工作的要求。总的来说,全文讲述了人们为什么要选择从事新闻业。故选C。
C
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management.A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.
Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company.AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years.
The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon,putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges.
“The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI.On the other hand,the fast pace of change makes work more demanding,and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly.Surprisingly,new kinds of routine work also increase,because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen.
According to the results of the research,the social features of middle management also changed,because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues,depending on the type of AI that was used.Especially when more developed types of AI,such as chatting robots,were included in the AI systems,they were seen as colleagues.
Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges,and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations.For example,they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI.Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management,such as technological understanding skills,interactive skills,problem-solving skills,emotional intelligence and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change.
“AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members.This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasised when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasise the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了将人工智能(AI)系统融合到金融服务业给中层管理工作带来的挑战和变化,以及中层管理者需要具备的新技能和知识。
(　　)9.What does the study find
[A] AI becomes less popular in the service field.
[B] AI makes decisions more fairly than humans.
[C] AI proves human management is unnecessary.
[D] AI makes middle management more demanding.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,AI使中层管理工作更具挑战性。
故选D。
(　　)10.What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams
[A] Unmentioned. [B] Opposed.
[C] Objective. [D] Indifferent.
【答案】 C　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Jonna Koponen认为将人工智能系统运用到服务团队中有利有弊。由此可推知,Jonna Koponen的态度是“客观的”。故选C。
(　　)11.Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion
[A] AI can’t replace human managers completely.
[B] Few managers in the service fields are needed.
[C] Employees for managerial positions dislike AI.
[D] AI devotes more time to ethical considerations.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Jonna Koponen认为AI不能完全替代人类管理者。故选A。
(　　)12.What is the main idea of the text
[A] The integration of AI into service teams is hard.
[B] AI takes over human management in many fields.
[C] AI and human managers are a perfect combination.
[D] The application of AI influences middle management.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了将人工智能系统融合到金融服务业对中层管理所产生的影响。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
On 17 February,an animal shelter in Ohio shared a story.A woman met with her missing dog Will again.
While 　1　 the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community,Hannah saw a dog named Rome that was to be available at the shelter’s weekend 　2　 event and that dog looked quite 　3　.
Hannah explained in her post that Will,a six-year-old went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere,they couldn’t 　4　 their missing dog.
A shelter volunteer said,“Just yesterday we 　5　 a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s 　6　 in the hope that the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome was 　7　 Will!” But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today! Learning this,the volunteer,in a bit of 　8　 quickly sent a message back that Rome would be at the event! “We would love this family to be 　9　 and we just had to 　10　 whether this was Will after all these years!” It turned out a big yes.The volunteer continued,“The 　11　 story serves as a reminder of the incredible impact that the Internet can have on bringing communities together,especially in times of 　12　.Thank you all for
　13　 Will’s post.”
It was nothing short of a 　14　 and we are sure Hannah and her family are 　15　 to have their dog back!
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个感人的故事,Hannah在多年后重新找回了失踪的狗。
(　　)1.[A] commenting on [B] checking out
[C] speaking of [D] looking for
【答案】 B　
【解析】 根据下文“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community,Hannah saw a dog”可知,Hannah在查看(checking out)社区朋友转发的收容所的帖子。故选B。
(　　)2.[A] celebration [B] adoption [C] demonstration [D] recommendation
【答案】 B　
【解析】 根据下文“But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today!”可知,这只狗要出现在收养(adoption)活动中。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] dynamic [B] lovely [C] familiar [D] friendly
【答案】 C　
【解析】 根据下文“‘...whether this was Will after all these years!’ It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome就是Will,所以Hannah看到Rome的照片觉得很熟悉(familiar)。故选C。
(　　)4.[A] shelter [B] describe [C] forget [D] locate
【答案】 D　
【解析】 根据上文“went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere,they couldn’t”可知,虽然Hannah的家人到处找,但是没找到他们的狗,空格处意为“确定……的位置”,locate符合题意。故选D。
(　　)5.[A] received [B] forwarded [C] left [D] delivered
【答案】 A　
【解析】 根据下文“a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s”和“sent a message back”可知,收容所收到了(received)一条消息。故选A。
(　　)6.[A] duties [B] achievements
[C] owner [D] appearance
【答案】 C　
【解析】 根据上文“photos with a detailed description of Will’s”可知,照片上详细描述了Will的外观,应是它的主人(owner)提供的,这样收容所的人才能判断Rome是不是Will。故选C。
(　　)7.[A] possibly [B] obviously [C] actually [D] typically
【答案】 C　
【解析】 根据上文“the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome”和下文“Will”可知,此处表示“希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的(actually)是Will”。故选C。
(　　)8.[A] hesitation [B] guilt [C] anger [D] panic
【答案】 D　
【解析】 根据上文“Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today”可知,Rome要参加收养活动了,可能会被别人收养,所以志愿者有点恐慌(panic)。故选D。
(　　)9.[A] popular [B] thankful [C] supported [D] reunited
【答案】 D　
【解析】 根据上文“Will,a six-year-old went missing from her home”可知,Will是从Hannah的家里走失的,所以志愿者肯定是希望Will能够和这个家庭团聚(reunited)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A] guess [B] know [C] discuss [D] doubt
【答案】 B　
【解析】 根据下文“whether this was Will after all these years”可知,志愿者想要知道(know)这条狗是不是Will。故选B。
(　　)11.[A] heart-warming [B] mind-bending
[C] convincing [D] entertaining
【答案】 A　
【解析】 根据上文“It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome真的就是走失已久的Will,这是一个感人的(heart-warming)故事。故选A。
(　　)12.[A] danger [B] need [C] happiness [D] uncertainty
【答案】 B　
【解析】 根据上文“Internet can have on bringing communities together,especially in times of”可知,互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响,尤其是在需要帮助(need)的时候。故选B。
(　　)13.[A] sharing [B] reading [C] revising [D] saving
【答案】 A　
【解析】 根据上文“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community”可知,Hannah刚开始是看到了社区里的朋友们发的帖子,也就是分享(sharing)帖子。故选A。
(　　)14.[A] connection [B] treasure [C] wonder [D] success
【答案】 C　
【解析】 根据上文“It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome真的就是走失已久的Will,这简直是一个奇迹(wonder)。故选C。
(　　)15.[A] excited [B] motivated [C] amused [D] urged
【答案】 A　
【解析】 根据下文“have their dog back”可知,走失多年的狗又回来了,家人当然会感到激动(excited)。故选A。
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第
1
页
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Unit 1　The mass media
选择性必修　第二册
(限时:35分钟　总分:45分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共30分)
A
The first Chinese characters date from the late Shang Dynasty,some 3,000 years ago,originally made for the purposes of divination (占卜).They were written on pieces of tortoiseshell and fragments of bone.
During the Shang Dynasty,divination was very important.To those who knew how to read them,it was belief that exhibits of shell and bone could foretell the future,tell you when to sacrifice,when to harvest,and when illness would strike.So,it was these diviners seeking to unlock the future that accidentally provided us with a key to the past.These oracle bones (甲骨) offer us a precious glimpse of life in China some three thousand years ago.
Of the 4,000 characters used in these descriptions,so far 1,500 have been deciphered.Through them,we can reconstruct a day in the life of a Shang Dynasty man.
It was that by a combination of careful observation and incredible imagination,the people of the Shang Dynasty turned what they saw,did,and felt into symbols that could be written on turtle shells and animal bones—the very first Chinese characters.
In pictograph characters like “Tian”,meaning farm,simple lines were used to outline the shape of something.But more abstract concepts could be described,too.For example,a short horizontal stroke above a long one meant “above”,a short stroke below a long one meant “below”.By combining more than one character into one,even more complex ideas could be expressed.Take “Jiu”,meaning wine,for example,a combination of the character for cup or container and water.Other characters would combine one character indicating a certain sound with another specifying meaning.
“Yang”,for example,meaning wander.
Thanks to the Chinese characters on the oracle bones,Chinese civilisation could at last be recorded and passed down to the generations.
Strange as it may seem,the complex system of writing we use today began life thousands of years ago as scratches on bits of bone.Now they’re rooted in hearts and minds of more than a billion people.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最初的汉字——甲骨文,包括其作用、构成及意义。
(　　)1.What were the first Chinese characters initially used for
[A] Serving the rulers. [B] Recording the past.
[C] Showing natural power. [D] Unlocking the future.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第二段内容可知,最初的汉字是用于预测未来。故选D。
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “deciphered” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A] Identified. [B] Destroyed.
[C] Discovered. [D] Simplified.
A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句的后一句可知,通过这1 500个汉字,我们能了解商朝人的生活,由此可推知,此处指“在这些描述中使用的4 000个字符中,到目前为止有1 500个已经被破译”,deciphered意为“破译,辨认出”,与identified意思一致。故选A。
(　　)3.What does Paragraph 5 focus on about the first Chinese characters
[A] The evolution. [B] The formation.
[C] The connection. [D] The meaning.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第五段内容,结合“In pictograph characters like ‘Tian’...the shape of something.”及“For example,...could be expressed.”可知,本段主要通过举例来说明最初汉字的构成。故选B。
(　　)4.What is the purpose of the text
[A] To introduce oracle bone script.
[B] To stress the value of Chinese characters.
[C] To highlight the birth of Chinese culture.
[D] To offer a glimpse of life in Shang Dynasty.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国最初的汉字——甲骨文,包括其作用、构成及意义,所以本文的目的是介绍甲骨文。故选A。
B
Journalists are the major group of people who make their living from writing.Many young people who see themselves as future novelists choose journalism as a way of earning a living while developing their writing skills.Although writing for newspapers and writing for books require different qualities,the aspiration (志向) to be a great writer is not one to be discouraged in a would-be journalist.
Most people want their work to be recognised by others.This helps to give it value.Some people also want themselves to be recognised,so that they have status(地位) in the eyes of society.It is not a bad motive to wish to be famous,but this must never become your main reason for being a journalist.You will not be a good journalist if you care more for impressing your audience than for serving their needs.
Knowing the power of the printed or spoken words or images,some people enter journalism for the power it will give them to influence people.
There is a strong belief that journalists control the mass media but the best journalists recognise their role as servants of the people.There is a difference between the desire to influence events for your own sake,and the desire to do it for other people.You should never use journalism for selfish ends,but you can use it to improve the life of other people.
Curiosity is a natural part of most people’s characters and an important ingredient for any journalist.Lots of young men and women enter the profession with the desire to know more about the world without needing to specialise in limited fields of study.Most journalists tend to know a little bit about a lot of things,rather than a lot about one subject.Knowledge has many uses.It can simply help to make you a fuller and more interesting person.It can also give you power over people,especially people who do not have that particular knowledge.Always bear in mind that power can be used in a positive way to improve people’s lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了人们选择从事新闻业常见的动机和原因。
(　　)5.What can we know from the first paragraph
[A] Journalists are most likely to become great writers.
[B] Writing for newspapers is similar to writing for novels.
[C] Most of the journalists make a living by writing books.
[D] Journalism can be used as a means to improve writing.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,许多想当作家的年轻人把新闻业作为一种谋生方式,同时也锻炼写作技巧。故选D。
(　　)6.Why do some people want themselves to be recognised
[A] To gain high position. [B] To get great power.
[C] To earn much wealth. [D] To learn rich knowledge.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,一些人想得到人们的认可,这样就会有很高的社会地位。故选A。
(　　)7.What is most necessary for journalists according to Paragraph 4
[A] Being specialised in a certain field.
[B] Having a wide range of knowledge.
[C] Being good at making friends with others.
[D] Being able to speak a foreign language well.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句可推知,大部分新闻工作者都具有较广的知识面。故选B。
(　　)8.What does the passage mainly talk about
[A] The development of journalism.
[B] The challenges journalists face now.
[C] Why people choose a career in journalism.
[D] How to become a qualified journalist.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段讲述了年轻人选择从事新闻业作为一种谋生的方式,同时培养自己的写作技能;第二段讲述了大多数人希望自己的工作得到别人的认可;第三段讲述了新闻行业对他人的影响力;第四段讲述了新闻工作的要求。总的来说,全文讲述了人们为什么要选择从事新闻业。故选C。
C
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management.A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.
Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company.AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years.
The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon,putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges.
“The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI.On the other hand,the fast pace of change makes work more demanding,
and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly.
Surprisingly,new kinds of routine work also increase,because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen.
According to the results of the research,the social features of middle management also changed,because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues,depending on the type of AI that was used.Especially when more developed types of AI,such as chatting robots,
were included in the AI systems,they were seen as colleagues.
Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges,and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations.For example,they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI.Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management,such as technological understanding skills,interactive skills,problem-solving skills,emotional intelligence and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change.
“AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members.This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasised when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasise the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了将人工智能(AI)系统融合到金融服务业给中层管理工作带来的挑战和变化,以及中层管理者需要具备的新技能和知识。
(　　)9.What does the study find
[A] AI becomes less popular in the service field.
[B] AI makes decisions more fairly than humans.
[C] AI proves human management is unnecessary.
[D] AI makes middle management more demanding.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,AI使中层管理工作更具挑战性。故选D。
(　　)10.What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams
[A] Unmentioned. [B] Opposed.
[C] Objective. [D] Indifferent.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Jonna Koponen认为将人工智能系统运用到服务团队中有利有弊。由此可推知,Jonna Koponen的态度是“客观的”。故选C。
(　　)11.Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion
[A] AI can’t replace human managers completely.
[B] Few managers in the service fields are needed.
[C] Employees for managerial positions dislike AI.
[D] AI devotes more time to ethical considerations.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Jonna Koponen认为AI不能完全替代人类管理者。故选A。
(　　)12.What is the main idea of the text
[A] The integration of AI into service teams is hard.
[B] AI takes over human management in many fields.
[C] AI and human managers are a perfect combination.
[D] The application of AI influences middle management.
D
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了将人工智能系统融合到金融服务业对中层管理所产生的影响。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
On 17 February,an animal shelter in Ohio shared a story.A woman met with her missing dog Will again.
While 　1　 the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community,Hannah saw a dog named Rome that was to be available at the shelter’s weekend 　2　 event and that dog looked quite 　3　.
Hannah explained in her post that Will,a six-year-old went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere,they couldn’t 　4　 their missing dog.
A shelter volunteer said,“Just yesterday we 　5　 a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s 　6　 in the hope that the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome was 　7　 Will!” But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today! Learning this,the volunteer,in a bit of 　8　 quickly sent a message back that Rome would be at the event!
“We would love this family to be 　9　 and we just had to 　10　 whether this was Will after all these years!” It turned out a big yes.The volunteer continued,“The 　11　 story serves as a reminder of the incredible impact that the Internet can have on bringing communities together,especially in times of 　12　.Thank you all for 　13　 Will’s post.”
It was nothing short of a 　14　 and we are sure Hannah and her family are 　15　 to have their dog back!
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个感人的故事,Hannah在多年后重新找回了失踪的狗。
(　　)1.[A] commenting on [B] checking out
[C] speaking of [D] looking for
B
【解析】 根据下文“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community,Hannah saw a dog”可知,Hannah在查看(checking out)社区朋友转发的收容所的帖子。故选B。
(　　)2.[A] celebration [B] adoption
[C] demonstration [D] recommendation
B
【解析】 根据下文“But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today!”可知,这只狗要出现在收养(adoption)活动中。故选B。
(　　)3.[A] dynamic [B] lovely [C] familiar [D] friendly
C
【解析】 根据下文“‘...whether this was Will after all these years!’ It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome就是Will,所以Hannah看到Rome的照片觉得很熟悉(familiar)。故选C。
(　　)4.[A] shelter [B] describe [C] forget [D] locate
D
【解析】 根据上文“went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere,they couldn’t”可知,虽然Hannah的家人到处找,但是没找到他们的狗,空格处意为“确定……的位置”,locate符合题意。故选D。
(　　)5.[A] received [B] forwarded
[C] left [D] delivered
A
【解析】 根据下文“a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s”和“sent a message back”可知,收容所收到了(received)一条消息。故选A。
(　　)6.[A] duties [B] achievements
[C] owner [D] appearance
C
【解析】 根据上文“photos with a detailed description of Will’s”可知,照片上详细描述了Will的外观,应是它的主人(owner)提供的,这样收容所的人才能判断Rome是不是Will。故选C。
(　　)7.[A] possibly [B] obviously [C] actually [D] typically
C
【解析】 根据上文“the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome”和下文“Will”可知,此处表示“希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的(actually)是Will”。故选C。
(　　)8.[A] hesitation [B] guilt
[C] anger [D] panic
D
【解析】 根据上文“Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today”可知,Rome要参加收养活动了,可能会被别人收养,所以志愿者有点恐慌(panic)。故选D。
(　　)9.[A] popular [B] thankful
[C] supported [D] reunited
D
【解析】 根据上文“Will,a six-year-old went missing from her home”可知,Will是从Hannah的家里走失的,所以志愿者肯定是希望Will能够和这个家庭团聚(reunited)。故选D。
(　　)10.[A] guess [B] know [C] discuss [D] doubt
B
【解析】 根据下文“whether this was Will after all these years”可知,志愿者想要知道(know)这条狗是不是Will。故选B。
(　　)11.[A] heart-warming [B] mind-bending
[C] convincing [D] entertaining
A
【解析】 根据上文“It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome真的就是走失已久的Will,这是一个感人的(heart-warming)故事。故选A。
(　　)12.[A] danger [B] need
[C] happiness [D] uncertainty
B
【解析】 根据上文“Internet can have on bringing communities together,especially in times of”可知,互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响,尤其是在需要帮助(need)的时候。故选B。
(　　)13.[A] sharing [B] reading
[C] revising [D] saving
A
【解析】 根据上文“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community”可知,Hannah刚开始是看到了社区里的朋友们发的帖子,也就是分享(sharing)帖子。故选A。
(　　)14.[A] connection [B] treasure
[C] wonder [D] success
C
【解析】 根据上文“It turned out a big yes.”可知,Rome真的就是走失已久的Will,这简直是一个奇迹(wonder)。故选C。
(　　)15.[A] excited [B] motivated
[C] amused [D] urged
A
【解析】 根据下文“have their dog back”可知,走失多年的狗又回来了,家人当然会感到激动(excited)。故选A。
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