资源简介

Unit 2　Out of this world
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
We have all experienced the force of gravity.It is what happens to you when you jump up into the air.Disappointingly,we tend to fall right back down to the ground.But what if we could switch gravity off What will happen if the gravity vanishes
Buckey,an astronomer,says that our bodies are adapted to an Earth-like gravitational environment.If we spend time living where gravity is different,such as on board a space station,our bodies will change.
It is now an established fact that astronauts lose bone mass and muscle strength in space,and their sense of balance changes due to the absence of gravity.There are also other problems.For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.Wounds take longer to heal and the immune (免疫) system loses its strength.Even sleep is disturbed if gravity is weak or absent.
That is just what happens after a short visit to space.“What if you were to grow up without gravity ” Buckey asks.“What about the systems that depend on gravity like your muscles,or your balance system,or your heart and blood vessels ” There is a good reason to believe the human body would develop differently.
Karen Masters has explored the immediate physical consequences of losing gravity.The first problem is that Earth is rotating at a high speed.Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans,rivers and lakes would be the first things to drift away into space.“A lack of gravity would eventually destroy our planet,” writes Masters.“Earth itself would most likely to break apart into pieces and float off into space.”
A similar fate would happen to the Sun.Without the force of gravity to hold it together,the intense pressures at its core would cause it to burst open in an explosion.The same thing would happen to all the other stars in the universe.However,because they are so far away,it would be years before the light from their death reached you.
(　　)1.What effects will the lack of gravity have on astronauts
[A] Their sense of balance will lose.
[B] Their red blood cell count will decrease.
[C] Their wound will no longer heal.
[D] Their immune system won’t work.
(　　)2.What will happen if gravity stops working according to Karen Masters
[A] Human body on Earth will develop differently.
[B] Earth will rotate at its highest speed.
[C] Atmosphere and water on Earth will travel away into space.
[D] Earth will immediately break down into pieces and float off into space.
(　　)3.What may happen to the Sun after we lose gravity
[A] It will hold the universe together.
[B] Its core will drift away into space.
[C] The light from its death will reach Earth quickly.
[D] The pressures of its core may lead to its burst.
(　　)4.Where can we most probably read the passage
[A] In a science magazine. [B] In a guidebook.
[C] In a short story. [D] In an environment report.
B
The Moon’s gravity constantly pulls at the Earth.Its pull on the oceans is undeniable but some scientists have been studying less visible effects,which may be able to trigger some earthquakes,if the time is right.With the appearance of bigger and more complete dataset,this effect of the Moon has started to show from the data.And it seems that in some cases,the Moon did help trigger earthquakes around the world.With these huge databases,they started to get some small but significant correlation.Chris Scholtz,a geologist and professor at Columbia Climate School,said,one place where the Moon’s impact is seen clearly is in underwater earthquakes.That makes sense,given the Moon’s pull on the oceans.
Scholtz and his team set out to study how the Moon could be using its power on the earthquakes on the Axial Volcano.Earthquakes here are about tenfold more likely to happen when the tide has gone out.Their study found an explanation for the link between the Moon and earthquakes.It showed they were caused by the weight of the ocean pressing down on a volcano’s magma chamber.Then when the tide is low,less water presses down on the chamber.This,in turn,puts more pressure on the fault line,making it more likely to move and create an earthquake.
It’s not just in the oceans where the Moon is causing disasters.The Moon also causes tiny but important,tides in rocks.“While fluids can flow,rocks can just slightly change their shape by the tidal force which promotes stress accumulation,” said Scholtz.If rocks are already over-stressed,even a small stress—the pull of the Moon—can create a crack in the rock.“If surrounding rocks are also unstable,the fracture can speed up to involve large fault patches.The final outcome is an earthquake,” said Scholtz.Of course,this only happens in very specific circumstances,for instance,when the pressure from the Moon’s gravitational pull lines up perfectly with the fault line of the earthquakes.
(　　)5.What has long been recognized as the Moon’s effect on the Earth
[A] Earthquake. [B] Tide.
[C] Volcanic eruption. [D] Hurricane.
(　　)6.Which plays a key role in Chris Scholtz’s discovery
[A] Big data.
[B] Their team cooperation.
[C] His initial guess.
[D] Previous research results.
(　　)7.According to Scholtz’s research,how does the Moon affect earthquakes
[A] By pulling on the oceans of the Earth.
[B] By applying invisible force to the Earth.
[C] By changing the Earth’s physical structure.
[D] By putting pressure on the fault lines of the Earth.
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
[A] The Moon — The Decisive Factor for Earthquakes
[B] The Tides — The Moon’s Constant Pull at the Earth
[C] The Moon’s Gravity — A Hidden Trigger behind Earthquakes
[D] The Earthquake — A Frightening Result from Over-stressed Rocks
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In the last century,countries around the world have invested billions of dollars every year in space technologies,which have ended up being part of our daily lives.Below are some of the benefits that space technologies offer.
Developing everyday products
Engineers in the field of space develop new cutting-edge technologies to accomplish seemingly impossible goals.1.　　　.For instance,did you know that the technology behind our tiny cellphone cameras was developed in an effort to design a smaller version of cameras for spacecraft
Accurately forecasting (预测) the weather
2.　　　,but satellites have completely changed the science of forecasting,making it far more accurate than it used to be.Data gathered by weather satellites is also used to create images and animations (动画).
Connecting people all over the world
3.　　　.Space allows us to connect with people from different parts of the world through satellite television,phones,radio and the Internet.
4.　　
By collecting accurate and up-to-date information on soil humidity (湿度),the weather and crop conditions,satellites help farmers manage their crops and maximize their outputs (产量),while tending to their vast fields in a more sustainable way.
Growing food in harsh (恶劣的) conditions
5.　　　,astronauts will not be able to depend on food shipments from Earth.To prepare for this,research on how to grow food in space is being conducted on the International Space Station.This research could also help with growing much-needed food in developing countries,remote locations or harsh environments on Earth.
A.Improving access to clean food
B.Helping farmers bring food to your plate
C.During their long-term missions farther into the solar system
D.Humans have been predicting the weather for hundreds of years
E.While developing life-support systems for long-term space missions
F.Long-distance communication is one of the most popular uses of satellites
G.Those technologies are often turned into products we use every day on Earth
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
While we haven’t yet put people on Mars,we may be able to in the future.As with any major human exploration,1.　　　　 it’s climbing Mount Qomolangma or travelling to the deepest point of the oceans,there will be a number of 2.　　　　(difficulty) to overcome when we send people to Mars and bring them back home again.
Firstly,building a spacecraft that can take a crew to Mars 3.　　　　(safe) will be a challenge.Astronauts 4.　　　　(stay) on the International Space Station (ISS) can receive supplies of food and water because it is close to the Earth.But 5.　　　　 journey to Mars will last six to nine months.The spacecraft will need to be self-sufficient,which means it will have to carry all the necessary supplies 6.　　　　(require) for the trip or be able to produce them on board.
The spacecraft will also need 7.　　 　　(provide) protection for the crew.On Earth we 8.　　　　(protect) from the Sun by a magnetic field (磁场),but in space we can be exposed to solar and cosmic radiation (辐射),9.　　　　damages cells and increases the risk of cancer.
One of the 10.　　　　(big) challenges of a human Mars mission will be keeping the crew fit and healthy.Being in space for a long time can make a lot of strange things happen to the human body.
Unit 2　Out of this world（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
We have all experienced the force of gravity.It is what happens to you when you jump up into the air.Disappointingly,we tend to fall right back down to the ground.But what if we could switch gravity off What will happen if the gravity vanishes
Buckey,an astronomer,says that our bodies are adapted to an Earth-like gravitational environment.If we spend time living where gravity is different,such as on board a space station,our bodies will change.
It is now an established fact that astronauts lose bone mass and muscle strength in space,and their sense of balance changes due to the absence of gravity.There are also other problems.For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.Wounds take longer to heal and the immune (免疫) system loses its strength.Even sleep is disturbed if gravity is weak or absent.
That is just what happens after a short visit to space.“What if you were to grow up without gravity ” Buckey asks.“What about the systems that depend on gravity like your muscles,or your balance system,or your heart and blood vessels ” There is a good reason to believe the human body would develop differently.
Karen Masters has explored the immediate physical consequences of losing gravity.The first problem is that Earth is rotating at a high speed.Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans,rivers and lakes would be the first things to drift away into space.“A lack of gravity would eventually destroy our planet,” writes Masters.“Earth itself would most likely to break apart into pieces and float off into space.”
A similar fate would happen to the Sun.Without the force of gravity to hold it together,the intense pressures at its core would cause it to burst open in an explosion.The same thing would happen to all the other stars in the universe.However,because they are so far away,it would be years before the light from their death reached you.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了地球引力消失会对人体、地球和太阳产生的影响。
(　　)1.What effects will the lack of gravity have on astronauts
[A] Their sense of balance will lose.
[B] Their red blood cell count will decrease.
[C] Their wound will no longer heal.
[D] Their immune system won’t work.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.”可知,没有重力会对宇航员产生的影响是他们的红细胞计数会减少。故选B。
(　　)2.What will happen if gravity stops working according to Karen Masters
[A] Human body on Earth will develop differently.
[B] Earth will rotate at its highest speed.
[C] Atmosphere and water on Earth will travel away into space.
[D] Earth will immediately break down into pieces and float off into space.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第三句可知,地球引力消失后,地球上的大气和水会进入太空。故选C。
(　　)3.What may happen to the Sun after we lose gravity
[A] It will hold the universe together.
[B] Its core will drift away into space.
[C] The light from its death will reach Earth quickly.
[D] The pressures of its core may lead to its burst.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句可推知,太阳也会跟地球一样,因为没有引力而发生爆炸。故选D。
(　　)4.Where can we most probably read the passage
[A] In a science magazine. [B] In a guidebook.
[C] In a short story. [D] In an environment report.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章讲述了地球引力消失所带来的后果,属于科学范畴。故选A。
B
The Moon’s gravity constantly pulls at the Earth.Its pull on the oceans is undeniable but some scientists have been studying less visible effects,which may be able to trigger some earthquakes,if the time is right.With the appearance of bigger and more complete dataset,this effect of the Moon has started to show from the data.And it seems that in some cases,the Moon did help trigger earthquakes around the world.With these huge databases,they started to get some small but significant correlation.Chris Scholtz,a geologist and professor at Columbia Climate School,said,one place where the Moon’s impact is seen clearly is in underwater earthquakes.That makes sense,given the Moon’s pull on the oceans.
Scholtz and his team set out to study how the Moon could be using its power on the earthquakes on the Axial Volcano.Earthquakes here are about tenfold more likely to happen when the tide has gone out.Their study found an explanation for the link between the Moon and earthquakes.It showed they were caused by the weight of the ocean pressing down on a volcano’s magma chamber.Then when the tide is low,less water presses down on the chamber.This,in turn,puts more pressure on the fault line,making it more likely to move and create an earthquake.
It’s not just in the oceans where the Moon is causing disasters.The Moon also causes tiny but important,tides in rocks.“While fluids can flow,rocks can just slightly change their shape by the tidal force which promotes stress accumulation,” said Scholtz.If rocks are already over-stressed,even a small stress—the pull of the Moon—can create a crack in the rock.“If surrounding rocks are also unstable,the fracture can speed up to involve large fault patches.The final outcome is an earthquake,” said Scholtz.Of course,this only happens in very specific circumstances,for instance,when the pressure from the Moon’s gravitational pull lines up perfectly with the fault line of the earthquakes.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了月球对于地球地震爆发的不为人知的影响。
(　　)5.What has long been recognized as the Moon’s effect on the Earth
[A] Earthquake. [B] Tide.
[C] Volcanic eruption. [D] Hurricane.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、第二句以及最后一段的第二句可知,潮汐被认为是月球对地球的影响。故选B。
(　　)6.Which plays a key role in Chris Scholtz’s discovery
[A] Big data.
[B] Their team cooperation.
[C] His initial guess.
[D] Previous research results.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知,大数据在Chris Scholtz的发现中起了关键作用。故选A。
(　　)7.According to Scholtz’s research,how does the Moon affect earthquakes
[A] By pulling on the oceans of the Earth.
[B] By applying invisible force to the Earth.
[C] By changing the Earth’s physical structure.
[D] By putting pressure on the fault lines of the Earth.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,根据Scholtz的研究,月球通过对地球的断层线施加压力影响地震。故选D。
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
[A] The Moon — The Decisive Factor for Earthquakes
[B] The Tides — The Moon’s Constant Pull at the Earth
[C] The Moon’s Gravity — A Hidden Trigger behind Earthquakes
[D] The Earthquake — A Frightening Result from Over-stressed Rocks
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段内容可知,文章主要探讨了月球对于地球地震爆发的不为人知的影响。由此可知,C项最适合作本文的标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In the last century,countries around the world have invested billions of dollars every year in space technologies,which have ended up being part of our daily lives.Below are some of the benefits that space technologies offer.
Developing everyday products
Engineers in the field of space develop new cutting-edge technologies to accomplish seemingly impossible goals.1.　　　.For instance,did you know that the technology behind our tiny cellphone cameras was developed in an effort to design a smaller version of cameras for spacecraft
Accurately forecasting (预测) the weather
2.　　　,but satellites have completely changed the science of forecasting,making it far more accurate than it used to be.Data gathered by weather satellites is also used to create images and animations (动画).
Connecting people all over the world
3.　　　.Space allows us to connect with people from different parts of the world through satellite television,phones,radio and the Internet.
4.　　
By collecting accurate and up-to-date information on soil humidity (湿度),the weather and crop conditions,satellites help farmers manage their crops and maximize their outputs (产量),while tending to their vast fields in a more sustainable way.
Growing food in harsh (恶劣的) conditions
5.　　　,astronauts will not be able to depend on food shipments from Earth.To prepare for this,research on how to grow food in space is being conducted on the International Space Station.This research could also help with growing much-needed food in developing countries,remote locations or harsh environments on Earth.
A.Improving access to clean food
B.Helping farmers bring food to your plate
C.During their long-term missions farther into the solar system
D.Humans have been predicting the weather for hundreds of years
E.While developing life-support systems for long-term space missions
F.Long-distance communication is one of the most popular uses of satellites
G.Those technologies are often turned into products we use every day on Earth
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空科技给我们的日常生活带来的一些
好处。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 设空处前一句说明了太空领域的工程师开发新的尖端技术,完成看似不可能的目标,设空处后一句以手机摄像头为例进行说明。G项承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空后的but可知,设空处与其后的“但是,卫星已经彻底改变了预测这门科学,使其比以前更加准确”之间是转折关系,D项符合语境。故选D。
3.【答案】 F
【解析】 设空处后一句说明了太空使我们能够通过卫星电视、电话、广播和互联网与世界各地的人们取得联系。F项符合语境。故选F。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 设空处为小标题。根据设空处下面一段可知,卫星能获取有关土壤湿度、天气和农作物状况的最新准确信息,帮助农民管理农作物,最大限度地提高产量,同时以更可持续的方式照管广阔的农田。因此,B项可作本段小标题。故选B。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 设空后指出:宇航员将无法依赖从地球装运食品,为此,国际空间站正在研究如何在太空种植作物,C项符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
While we haven’t yet put people on Mars,we may be able to in the future.As with any major human exploration,1.　　　　 it’s climbing Mount Qomolangma or travelling to the deepest point of the oceans,there will be a number of 2.　　　　(difficulty) to overcome when we send people to Mars and bring them back home again.
Firstly,building a spacecraft that can take a crew to Mars 3.　　　　(safe) will be a challenge.Astronauts 4.　　　　(stay) on the International Space Station (ISS) can receive supplies of food and water because it is close to the Earth.But 5.　　　　 journey to Mars will last six to nine months.The spacecraft will need to be self-sufficient,which means it will have to carry all the necessary supplies 6.　　　　(require) for the trip or be able to produce them on board.
The spacecraft will also need 7.　　 　　(provide) protection for the crew.On Earth we 8.　　　　(protect) from the Sun by a magnetic field (磁场),but in space we can be exposed to solar and cosmic radiation (辐射),9.　　　　damages cells and increases the risk of cancer.
One of the 10.　　　　(big) challenges of a human Mars mission will be keeping the crew fit and healthy.Being in space for a long time can make a lot of strange things happen to the human body.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。登上火星是人类多年以来的梦想,可这却是一项非常艰巨的任务。
1.【答案】 whether
【解析】 考查固定句式。此处考查固定句式whether...or...,表示“无论……还是……”。故填whether。
2.【答案】 difficulties
【解析】 考查名词复数。此处difficulty是可数名词,根据空前的a number of可知,此处应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
3.【答案】 safely
【解析】 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰前面的动词take。故填safely。
4.【答案】 staying
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词Astronauts。故填staying。
5.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。journey为可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.【答案】 required
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。supplies与后面的require之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填required。
7.【答案】 to provide
【解析】 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定短语need to do sth,表示“需要做某事”。故填to provide。
8.【答案】 are protected
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示我们被地球的磁场保护,主语为we,谓语用复数形式,且描述客观事实,因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are protected。
9.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。此处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。故填which。
10.【答案】 biggest
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。one of the后面通常跟形容词的最高级形式再加可数名词的复数形式。故填biggest。
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Unit 2　Out of this world
(限时:35分钟　总分:47.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共20分)
A
We have all experienced the force of gravity.It is what happens to you when you jump up into the air.Disappointingly,we tend to fall right back down to the ground.But what if we could switch gravity off What will happen if the gravity vanishes
Buckey,an astronomer,says that our bodies are adapted to an Earth-like gravitational environment.If we spend time living where gravity is different,
such as on board a space station,our bodies will change.
It is now an established fact that astronauts lose bone mass and muscle strength in space,and their sense of balance changes due to the absence of gravity.There are also other problems.For reasons not entirely clear,their red blood cell count falls.Wounds take longer to heal and the immune (免疫) system loses its strength.Even sleep is disturbed if gravity is weak or absent.
That is just what happens after a short visit to space.“What if you were to grow up without gravity ” Buckey asks.“What about the systems that depend on gravity like your muscles,or your balance system,or your heart and blood vessels ” There is a good reason to believe the human body would develop differently.
Karen Masters has explored the immediate physical consequences of losing gravity.The first problem is that Earth is rotating at a high speed.
Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans,rivers and lakes would be the first things to drift away into space.“A lack of gravity would eventually destroy our planet,” writes Masters.“Earth itself would most likely to break apart into pieces and float off into space.”
A similar fate would happen to the Sun.Without the force of gravity to hold it together,the intense pressures at its core would cause it to burst open in an explosion.The same thing would happen to all the other stars in the universe.However,because they are so far away,it would be years before the light from their death reached you.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了地球引力消失会对人体、地球和太阳产生的影响。
(　　)1.What effects will the lack of gravity have on astronauts
[A] Their sense of balance will lose.
[B] Their red blood cell count will decrease.
[C] Their wound will no longer heal.
[D] Their immune system won’t work.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For reasons not entirely clear,
their red blood cell count falls.”可知,没有重力会对宇航员产生的影响是他们的红细胞计数会减少。故选B。
(　　)2.What will happen if gravity stops working according to Karen Masters
[A] Human body on Earth will develop differently.
[B] Earth will rotate at its highest speed.
[C] Atmosphere and water on Earth will travel away into space.
[D] Earth will immediately break down into pieces and float off into space.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第三句可知,地球引力消失后,地球上的大气和水会进入太空。故选C。
(　　)3.What may happen to the Sun after we lose gravity
[A] It will hold the universe together.
[B] Its core will drift away into space.
[C] The light from its death will reach Earth quickly.
[D] The pressures of its core may lead to its burst.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句可推知,太阳也会跟地球一样,因为没有引力而发生爆炸。故选D。
(　　)4.Where can we most probably read the passage
[A] In a science magazine. [B] In a guidebook.
[C] In a short story. [D] In an environment report.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章讲述了地球引力消失所带来的后果,属于科学范畴。故选A。
B
The Moon’s gravity constantly pulls at the Earth.Its pull on the oceans is undeniable but some scientists have been studying less visible effects,which may be able to trigger some earthquakes,if the time is right.With the appearance of bigger and more complete dataset,this effect of the Moon has started to show from the data.
And it seems that in some cases,the Moon did help trigger earthquakes around the world.With these huge databases,they started to get some small but significant correlation.Chris Scholtz,a geologist and professor at Columbia Climate School,said,one place where the Moon’s impact is seen clearly is in underwater earthquakes.That makes sense,given the Moon’s pull on the oceans.
Scholtz and his team set out to study how the Moon could be using its power on the earthquakes on the Axial Volcano.Earthquakes here are about tenfold more likely to happen when the tide has gone out.Their study found an explanation for the link between the Moon and earthquakes.It showed they were caused by the weight of the ocean pressing down on a volcano’s magma chamber.Then when the tide is low,less water presses down on the chamber.This,in turn,puts more pressure on the fault line,making it more likely to move and create an earthquake.
It’s not just in the oceans where the Moon is causing disasters.The Moon also causes tiny but important,tides in rocks.“While fluids can flow,
rocks can just slightly change their shape by the tidal force which promotes stress accumulation,” said Scholtz.If rocks are already over-stressed,even a small stress—the pull of the Moon—can create a crack in the rock.“If surrounding rocks are also unstable,the fracture can speed up to involve large fault patches.The final outcome is an earthquake,” said Scholtz.Of course,this only happens in very specific circumstances,for instance,when the pressure from the Moon’s gravitational pull lines up perfectly with the fault line of the earthquakes.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了月球对于地球地震爆发的不为人知的影响。
(　　)5.What has long been recognized as the Moon’s effect on the Earth
[A] Earthquake. [B] Tide.
[C] Volcanic eruption. [D] Hurricane.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、第二句以及最后一段的第二句可知,潮汐被认为是月球对地球的影响。故选B。
(　　)6.Which plays a key role in Chris Scholtz’s discovery
[A] Big data.
[B] Their team cooperation.
[C] His initial guess.
[D] Previous research results.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知,大数据在Chris Scholtz的发现中起了关键作用。故选A。
(　　)7.According to Scholtz’s research,how does the Moon affect earthquakes
[A] By pulling on the oceans of the Earth.
[B] By applying invisible force to the Earth.
[C] By changing the Earth’s physical structure.
[D] By putting pressure on the fault lines of the Earth.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,根据Scholtz的研究,月球通过对地球的断层线施加压力影响地震。故选D。
(　　)8.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
[A] The Moon — The Decisive Factor for Earthquakes
[B] The Tides — The Moon’s Constant Pull at the Earth
[C] The Moon’s Gravity — A Hidden Trigger behind Earthquakes
[D] The Earthquake — A Frightening Result from Over-stressed Rocks
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段内容可知,文章主要探讨了月球对于地球地震爆发的不为人知的影响。由此可知,C项最适合作本文的标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(每题2.5分,共12.5分)
In the last century,countries around the world have invested billions of dollars every year in space technologies,which have ended up being part of our daily lives.Below are some of the benefits that space technologies offer.
Developing everyday products
Engineers in the field of space develop new cutting-edge technologies to accomplish seemingly impossible goals.1.　　　.For instance,did you know that the technology behind our tiny cellphone cameras was developed in an effort to design a smaller version of cameras for spacecraft
G
Accurately forecasting (预测) the weather
2.　　　,but satellites have completely changed the science of forecasting,making it far more accurate than it used to be.Data gathered by weather satellites is also used to create images and animations (动画).
Connecting people all over the world
3.　　　.Space allows us to connect with people from different parts of the world through satellite television,phones,radio and the Internet.
D
F
4.　　
By collecting accurate and up-to-date information on soil humidity (湿度),the weather and crop conditions,satellites help farmers manage their crops and maximize their outputs (产量),while tending to their vast fields in a more sustainable way.
B
Growing food in harsh (恶劣的) conditions
5.　　　,astronauts will not be able to depend on food shipments from Earth.To prepare for this,research on how to grow food in space is being conducted on the International Space Station.This research could also help with growing much-needed food in developing countries,remote locations or harsh environments on Earth.
C
A.Improving access to clean food
B.Helping farmers bring food to your plate
C.During their long-term missions farther into the solar system
D.Humans have been predicting the weather for hundreds of years
E.While developing life-support systems for long-term space missions
F.Long-distance communication is one of the most popular uses of satellites
G.Those technologies are often turned into products we use every day on Earth
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空科技给我们的日常生活带来的一些好处。
1.【解析】 设空处前一句说明了太空领域的工程师开发新的尖端技术,完成看似不可能的目标,设空处后一句以手机摄像头为例进行说明。G项承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
2.【解析】 根据设空后的but可知,设空处与其后的“但是,卫星已经彻底改变了预测这门科学,使其比以前更加准确”之间是转折关系,D项符合语境。故选D。
3.【解析】 设空处后一句说明了太空使我们能够通过卫星电视、电话、广播和互联网与世界各地的人们取得联系。F项符合语境。故选F。
4.【解析】 设空处为小标题。根据设空处下面一段可知,卫星能获取有关土壤湿度、天气和农作物状况的最新准确信息,帮助农民管理农作物,最大限度地提高产量,同时以更可持续的方式照管广阔的农田。因此,B项可作本段小标题。故选B。
5.【解析】 设空后指出:宇航员将无法依赖从地球装运食品,为此,国际空间站正在研究如何在太空种植作物,C项符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分,共15分)
While we haven’t yet put people on Mars,we may be able to in the future.As with any major human exploration,1.　　　　 it’s climbing Mount Qomolangma or travelling to the deepest point of the oceans,there will be a number of 2.　　　 　(difficulty) to overcome when we send people to Mars and bring them back home again.
whether
difficulties
Firstly,building a spacecraft that can take a crew to Mars 3.　　　　(safe) will be a challenge.Astronauts 4.　　　 　(stay) on the International Space Station (ISS) can receive supplies of food and water because it is close to the Earth.But 5.　　　　 journey to Mars will last six to nine months.The spacecraft will need to be self-sufficient,which means it will have to carry all the necessary supplies 6.　 　　　(require) for the trip or be able to produce them on board.
safely
staying
a
required
The spacecraft will also need 7.　　 　　(provide) protection for the crew.On Earth we 8.　　　 　(protect) from the Sun by a magnetic field (磁场),but in space we can be exposed to solar and cosmic radiation (辐射),9.　　　　damages cells and increases the risk of cancer.
One of the 10.　　　　(big) challenges of a human Mars mission will be keeping the crew fit and healthy.Being in space for a long time can make a lot of strange things happen to the human body.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。登上火星是人类多年以来的梦想,可这却是一项非常艰巨的任务。
to provide
are protected
which
biggest
1.【解析】 考查固定句式。此处考查固定句式whether...or...,表示“无论……还是……”。故填whether。
2.【解析】 考查名词复数。此处difficulty是可数名词,根据空前的a number of可知,此处应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
3.【解析】 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰前面的动词take。故填safely。
4.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词Astronauts。故填staying。
5.【解析】 考查冠词。journey为可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。supplies与后面的require之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填required。
7.【解析】 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定短语need to do sth,表示“需要做某事”。故填to provide。
8.【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示我们被地球的磁场保护,主语为we,谓语用复数形式,且描述客观事实,因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are protected。
9.【解析】 考查定语从句。此处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。故填which。
10.【答案】 biggest
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。one of the后面通常跟形容词的最高级形式再加可数名词的复数形式。故填biggest。

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