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UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
response n.反应;回答;回复
[语境运用]完成句子/翻译句子
(1)①Despite numerous negative comments on her post,　　　　　　　　　　　　 (她没有作出任何回应),choosing to ignore the criticism.
②The teacher asked the class what they thought about the story.John
　 (回应说他觉得它很鼓舞人心).
(2)③在课堂上,学生们需要积极回应老师的问题。
【答案】 (1)①she made no response to them
②responded that he found it inspiring
(2)③Students need to respond to the teacher’s questions actively in class./Students need to make an active response to the teacher’s questions in class.
·respond to... 对……做出回应或反应;答复
respond that...回答/答复说
·in response to对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
以上短语中的to均为介词词性。
2.elect vt.选举;推选;选择
election n.选举;推选;当选
[语境运用]单句语法填空
①He was elected 　　　　 (take) part in the debate.
②In America, presidential 　　　　 (elect) are held every four years.
③I am so skilled at English that my English teacher elects me 　　　　 an assistant.(应用文写作之申请信)
【答案】 ①to take　②elections　③as
elect to do sth选择做某事
elect sb to be/as选某人为……
elect sb president选某人为总统
elect作“选举”讲时,在“elect sb+职务”句式中,总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加任何
冠词。
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
tendency n.趋势;趋向
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①We tend 　　 　　 (think) that only people who are very skilled at art can call themselves artists,but everyone is capable of creative expression.
②After school,students who enjoy sports have a 　　　　 (tend) to head straight to the gym or the playground.
(2)③我写信是为了向在医院里精心照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang,who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the hospital.
【答案】 (1)①to think　②tendency　(2)③tended to my mother carefully
·tend (to) do...倾向于做……;往往会做……
tend to/towards 趋向……;倾向……
tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理……
·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
“照料;护理”的多种表达:look after,take care of,keep an eye on,attend to等。
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕
vi.受惊吓
scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
[语境运用]单句语法填空/语境串词
(1)①He was so scared 　　　　 (speak) in public that he practised his speech in front of the mirror every night.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
②Seeing the huge spider suddenly appear in front of her,she was scared 　　　　 death.
(2)③The 　　　　 movie really 　　　　　me and I was so 　　　　that I couldn’t sleep at night.(scare)
【答案】 (1)①to speak/of speaking　②to
(2)③scary;scared;scared
·be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
·scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off把……吓跑
表示“害怕”的其他表达:frightened,terrified,in terror等。
5.assist vt.帮助;援助
assistance n.援助;帮助;支持
assistant n.助手;助理
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①As an 　　　　,he 　　　　 the professor with the experiment.And his 　　　　 makes the experiment easier to do.(assist)
(2)②我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering if you could 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 for the class meeting.
③在他们爸爸的帮助下,双胞胎设法做好了美味的早餐。
　,
the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.
【答案】 (1)①assistant;assists;assistance
(2)②assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topic　③With the assistance of their father
·assist sb to do sth=assist sb in doing sth
帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of sb/sth在某人/某物的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
6.a great deal (of) 大量
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Up to now,a great deal of money 　　　　 (spend) on the project.
②Many a young man 　　　　 (be) fond of Beijing Opera.
(2)③　　　　　　　　(许多) young people like pop music.
【答案】 (1)①has been spent　②is　(2)③Many/A large number of/A great many (of)/Quite a few
“许多”的表达:
much/a great deal (of)/a large amount of+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;
a large number of/many/a great many (of)/ quite a few+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;
many a/more than one+可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式。
　“neither...nor...”结构
[教材原句] Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
[语境运用]翻译句子
①汤姆的母亲以及他祖父母都不说英语。

②他的孩子们和他妻子都不吃水果。

③价格不太令人满意,颜色也不太适合我。

【答案】 ①Neither Tom’s mother nor his grandparents speak English.
②Neither his children nor his wife eats fruits.
③Neither was the price satisfactory,nor did the colour agree with me.
neither...nor...既不……也不……,常用来连接两个平行结构。
·若连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近一致原则”。
·neither...nor...连接两个句子且置于句首时,因neither和nor都是否定意义的词,前后两句都要用倒装语序。
·“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示“另外一个人/物也不……”。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five,her mother died,1.　　 　　deeply affected her.At age 18,she chose to study medicine instead of going into 2.　　 　　
(marry) like the majority of girls at that time. When her brother complained,Miss Lin responded,“I’d rather 3.　　　　 (stay) single to study all my life!”
Several years later,Miss Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever 4.　　　　 (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.After 5.　　　　 (work) for a few years,Miss Lin was sent to study in Europe and then,in 1939,in the US.Her American colleagues,who were greatly impressed 6.　　　　 her,invited her to stay,but she rejected the offer and returned to China.
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However,because of the war,the department was closed.Dr Lin opened a private clinic and continued to treat patients.When the new People’s Republic of China 7.　　　 　 (found),Dr Lin was busy tending patients,publishing 8.　　　　 (medicine) research and training staff.
Although Dr Lin never married,she was known 9.　　　　 the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire 10.　　　　 her position until the day she died,in 1983.
【答案】 1.which　2.marriage　3.stay　4.to be hired　5.working　6.by　7.was founded　8.medical 9.as　10.from
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　 (assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Shortly after Mr Rochester bought the hotel,he made an 　　　　 (appoint) to see the hotel manager.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared 　　　　 the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
4.(2022·全国甲卷)He took me to the museum,and I responded very strongly 　　　　 what I saw on the walls there.
5.During weekends,I tend 　　　　 (go) hiking in the nearby mountains with my friends.
6.Excessive exposure to the sun can be very 　　　　 (harm) to our skin.
7.He always manages to handle various problems 　　　　 (flexible) with his wisdom.
【答案】 1.assistants　2.appointment　3.of　4.to　5.to go　6.harmful　7.flexibly
　　请你以“我最敬佩的科学家——何泽慧”为主题,写一篇征文,向你校英文报投稿。
1.今天我想谈谈何泽慧,一个具有高尚道德品质的人。她一直是我的榜样。(moral virtue)
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue.She has always been a role model for me.
2.作为中国核物理学领域的科学家之一,她发现了世界上第一个重裂变反应。
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.
3.面对各种困境,她从不抱怨困难。(dilemma,complain about)
In the face of various dilemmas,she never complains about the difficulties.
4.相反,她积极地以智慧和勇气回应。(respond)
Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.
5.即使在她退休后,她仍然充满活力,继续她的科学之旅。(retire,energetic)
Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
6.她从不被障碍绊倒,而是总能找到帮助他人的方法。(trip over,assist)
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.
7.她的故事诠释了坚持不懈的精神,并激励我们追随她的脚步。(illustrate)
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance and inspires us to follow in her footsteps.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,who has always been a role model for me.
2.将第3句用倒装句式进行改写升级。
In the face of various dilemmas,never does she complain about the difficulties.
3.将第7句用非谓语进行改写升级。
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
[连句成篇]
　　Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,who has always been a role model for me.
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.In the face of various dilemmas,never does she complain about the difficulties.Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
要求:在线训练的基础上,在段前、段中、段后增加关联句,使语境更完整,构成片段
训练。
①生活总是充满了意想不到的转折。她一听到这个坏消息,眼睛就模糊了。她几乎要哭出来了,喉咙哽咽,几乎无法呼吸。②就像一场风暴在她的内心爆发了,抑制许久的泪水开始像雨点一样从她的脸颊上滚落下来。③她的心因一种无法形容的痛苦而疼痛。疼痛是明显的,完全吞噬了她。在这悲伤的时刻,她痛哭流涕,啜泣声在空荡荡的房间里回荡。她之前从未感到如此地孤独和失落。④然而,黑暗中总有一线希望。突然,她停止哭泣并擦去了眼泪,决心面对困难。⑤她知道,无论前面的路有多艰难,她内心都有力量克服它。
⑥Life is always full of unexpected turns.The moment she heard the bad news,her eyes blurred.She was so close to tears that her throat choked,and she could hardly breathe.⑦As if a storm had broken inside her,tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to roll down her cheeks like raindrops.⑧Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.The pain was clear,absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she cried her eyes out,her sobs echoing in the empty room.Never had she felt so alone and lost before.⑨However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying and wiped the tears,determined to face the difficulty.⑩And she knew,no matter how hard the road ahead might be,she had the inner strength to overcome it.
(设问:你还能想到其他的相关片段吗 )
(
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UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
response n.反应;回答;回复
[语境运用]完成句子/翻译句子
(1)①Despite numerous negative comments on her post,
　　　　　　　　 (她没有作出任何回应),choosing to ignore the criticism.
②The teacher asked the class what they thought about the story.John
　(回应说他觉得它很鼓舞人心).
she made no
response to them
responded that he found it inspiring
(2)③在课堂上,学生们需要积极回应老师的问题。
Students need to respond to the teacher’s questions actively in class./
Students need to make an active response to the teacher’s questions in class.
·respond to... 对……做出回应或反应;答复
respond that...回答/答复说
·in response to对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
以上短语中的to均为介词词性。
[语境运用]单句语法填空
①He was elected 　　　　 (take) part in the debate.
②In America, presidential 　　 　　 (elect) are held every four years.
③I am so skilled at English that my English teacher elects me 　　　　 an assistant.(应用文写作之申请信)
2.elect vt.选举;推选;选择
election n.选举;推选;当选
to take
elections
as
elect to do sth选择做某事
elect sb to be/as选某人为……
elect sb president选某人为总统
elect作“选举”讲时,在“elect sb+职务”句式中,总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加任何冠词。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①We tend 　　　　 (think) that only people who are very skilled at art can call themselves artists,but everyone is capable of creative expression.
②After school,students who enjoy sports have a 　　　 　 (tend) to head straight to the gym or the playground.
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
tendency n.趋势;趋向
to think
tendency
(2)③我写信是为了向在医院里精心照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang,who
　　　　　　　　 in the hospital.
tended to my
mother carefully
·tend (to) do...倾向于做……;往往会做……
tend to/towards 趋向……;倾向……
tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理……
·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
“照料;护理”的多种表达:look after,take care of,keep an eye on,attend to等。
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕
vi.受惊吓
scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
[语境运用]单句语法填空/语境串词
(1)①He was so scared 　　 　　 (speak) in public that he practised his speech in front of the mirror every night.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
②Seeing the huge spider suddenly appear in front of her,she was scared
　　　 death.
to speak/of speaking
to
(2)③The 　　　　 movie really 　　　　　me and I was so 　　　　that I couldn’t sleep at night.(scare)
scary
scared
scared
·be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
·scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off把……吓跑
表示“害怕”的其他表达:frightened,terrified,in terror等。
5.assist vt.帮助;援助
assistance n.援助;帮助;支持
assistant n.助手;助理
[语境运用]语境串词/完成句子
(1)①As an 　　 　　,he 　　 　　 the professor with the experiment.And his 　　 　　 makes the experiment easier to do.(assist)
assistant
assists
assistance
(2)②我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering if you could
　　　 for the class meeting.
③在他们爸爸的帮助下,双胞胎设法做好了美味的早餐。
　 , the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.
assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable
topic
With the assistance of their father
·assist sb to do sth=assist sb in doing sth
帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of sb/sth在某人/某物的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
6.a great deal (of) 大量
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Up to now,a great deal of money 　　 　　 (spend) on the project.
②Many a young man 　　　　 (be) fond of Beijing Opera.
(2)③　　　　　 　 　(许多) young people like pop music.
has been spent
is
Many/A large number of/A great many (of)/Quite a few
“许多”的表达:
much/a great deal (of)/a large amount of+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;
a large number of/many/a great many (of)/ quite a few+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;
many a/more than one+可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式。
“neither...nor...”结构
[教材原句] Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
[语境运用]翻译句子
①汤姆的母亲以及他祖父母都不说英语。
Neither Tom’s mother nor his grandparents speak English.
②他的孩子们和他妻子都不吃水果。
Neither his children nor his wife eats fruits.
③价格不太令人满意,颜色也不太适合我。
Neither was the price satisfactory,nor did the colour agree with me.
neither...nor...既不……也不……,常用来连接两个平行结构。
·若连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近一致原则”。
·neither...nor...连接两个句子且置于句首时,因neither和nor都是否定意义的词,前后两句都要用倒装语序。
·“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示“另外一个人/物也不……”。
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five,her mother died,
1.　　　　deeply affected her.At age 18,she chose to study medicine instead of going into 2.　　 　　 (marry) like the majority of girls at that time. When her brother complained,Miss Lin responded,“I’d rather 3.　　　　 (stay) single to study all my life!”
which
marriage
stay
Several years later,Miss Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever 4.　 　　　 (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.After 5.　　 　　 (work) for a few years,Miss Lin was sent to study in Europe and then,in 1939,in the US.Her American colleagues,who were greatly impressed 6.　　　 　 her,
invited her to stay,but she rejected the offer and returned to China.
to be hired
working
by
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However,
because of the war,the department was closed.Dr Lin opened a private clinic and continued to treat patients.When the new People’s Republic of China 7.　　 　 (found),Dr Lin was busy tending patients,publishing
8.　　　 　 (medicine) research and training staff.
Although Dr Lin never married,she was known 9.　　　 　 the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire 10.　　　　 her position until the day she died,in 1983.
was founded
medical
as
from
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　 (assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Shortly after Mr Rochester bought the hotel,he made an 　　 　　 (appoint) to see the hotel manager.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared 　　　 　 the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
assistants
appointment
of
4.(2022·全国甲卷)He took me to the museum,and I responded very strongly
　　　　 what I saw on the walls there.
5.During weekends,I tend 　　　　 (go) hiking in the nearby mountains with my friends.
6.Excessive exposure to the sun can be very 　　 　　 (harm) to our skin.
7.He always manages to handle various problems 　　　 　 (flexible) with his wisdom.
to
to go
harmful
flexibly
微写作
说明文——对社会有突出贡献的人物——科学家何泽慧
　　请你以“我最敬佩的科学家——何泽慧”为主题,写一篇征文,向你校英文报投稿。
1.今天我想谈谈何泽慧,一个具有高尚道德品质的人。她一直是我的榜样。(moral virtue)
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue.She has always been a role model for me.
2.作为中国核物理学领域的科学家之一,她发现了世界上第一个重裂变反应。
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.
3.面对各种困境,她从不抱怨困难。(dilemma,complain about)
In the face of various dilemmas,she never complains about the difficulties.
4.相反,她积极地以智慧和勇气回应。(respond)
Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.
5.即使在她退休后,她仍然充满活力,继续她的科学之旅。(retire,energetic)
Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
6.她从不被障碍绊倒,而是总能找到帮助他人的方法。(trip over,assist)
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.
7.她的故事诠释了坚持不懈的精神,并激励我们追随她的脚步。(illustrate)
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance and inspires us to follow in her footsteps.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,who has always been a role model for me.
2.将第3句用倒装句式进行改写升级。
In the face of various dilemmas,never does she complain about the difficulties.
3.将第7句用非谓语进行改写升级。
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
[连句成篇]
　　Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,
who has always been a role model for me.
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.In the face of various dilemmas,
never does she complain about the difficulties.Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
读后续写微技能
面训练——“哭”
要求:在线训练的基础上,在段前、段中、段后增加关联句,使语境更完整,构成片段训练。
①生活总是充满了意想不到的转折。她一听到这个坏消息,眼睛就模糊了。她几乎要哭出来了,喉咙哽咽,几乎无法呼吸。②就像一场风暴在她的内心爆发了,抑制许久的泪水开始像雨点一样从她的脸颊上滚落下来。③她的心因一种无法形容的痛苦而疼痛。疼痛是明显的,完全吞噬了她。在这悲伤的时刻,她痛哭流涕,啜泣声在空荡荡的房间里回荡。她之前从未感到如此地孤独和失落。④然而,黑暗中总有一线希望。突然,她停止哭泣并擦去了眼泪,决心面对困难。⑤她知道,无论前面的路有多艰难,她内心都有力量克服它。
读后续写微技能
面训练——“哭”
⑥Life is always full of unexpected turns.The moment she heard the bad news,
her eyes blurred.She was so close to tears that her throat choked,and she could hardly breathe.⑦As if a storm had broken inside her,tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to roll down her cheeks like raindrops.⑧Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.The pain was clear,absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she cried her eyes out,her sobs echoing in the empty room.Never had she felt so alone and lost before.⑨However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying and wiped the tears,determined to face the difficulty.⑩And she knew,no matter how hard the road ahead might be,she had the inner strength to overcome it.
(设问:你还能想到其他的相关片段吗 )

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