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(共64张PPT)
译林版 八年级下
专项训练
语法专训
现在完成时
一、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.【2022·扬州宝应西北片联考】She is a born writer. She has ___________ (write) several books over the years.
written
2.【2022·南通海安西片月考】—You look worried. What’s the matter
—Everyone except me ___________ (know) the result of yesterday’s job interview.
3.【2022·南京秦淮区三校期末】The money given by his parents ___________ (run) out already.
has known
has run
4. Chinese New Year is coming, but the couple ________________ (not return) to their hometown yet.
5. He ________________ (not repair) the computer. How can we do word processing now
haven’t returned
hasn’t repaired
二、单项选择
1. —Yancheng is developing so fast.
—Quite right! It _________ a lot over the years.
A. changes B. changed
C. was changing D. has changed
【提示】考查时态。句意为“——盐城发展得真快。——完全正确！这几年发生了很多变化”。根据“over the years”可知此处表达“这些年一直在发生变化”，应用现在完成时。故选D。
D
2. We _________ each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see
C. won’t see D. haven’t seen
【提示】考查时态。句意为“自从我来北京，我们就没见过面，但我们经常发电子邮件”。根据“since I came to Beijing”可知，此处用现在完成时。故选D。
D
3.【2022·扬州邗江区期末】—Where have you _________ these days
—I have_________ to Yangzhou with my friends.
A. been; gone B. been; been
C. gone; been D. gone; gone
【提示】考查have been to 以及have gone to 的用法。句意为“——这些天你去了哪里 ——我和朋友去了扬州”。have been to 去过(已回来)；have gone to 去了(未回来)。根据“Where have you ______ these days ”及“I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.”可知，两个空格处都是表示去过某地，现在已回来，都用have been to的结构。故选B。
B
4. The restaurant in Deji Plaza _________ for two months, but I_________ there so far.
A. has opened; haven’t gone
B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been opened; haven’t been
D. has been open; haven’t been to
【提示】考查时态。句意为“位于德基广场的那家餐馆已经开了两个月了，但是至今我还没有去过那里”。根据“for two months”可知，第一空所在句为现在完成时，且表示延续性动作，故用has been open；第二空表达“至今未去过某地”，用haven’t been to，由于“there”为副词，需要去掉to，即haven’t been。故选B。
B
5.【2022·扬州高邮期末】—Is that Mrs. Li
—It can’t be her. She, as a volunteer, _________ Shanghai since April.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has been in D. has come to
【提示】考查延续性动词的用法。句意为“——那是李女士吗 ——那不可能是她。作为一名志愿者，她从四月份就来到了上海”。has been to 去过(已回来)；has gone to 去了(还未回来)；has been in 待在某地，延续性动词；has come to 已来了。“since + 过去的时间点”表示动作从过去某个时间一直延续到现在，故选C。
C
6.【2022·泰州靖江滨江学校期末改编】The shopping mall ______ for half a year, but I _________ there yet.
A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has been opened; haven’t been
【提示】考查时态。句意为“这家购物中心已经开了半年了，但我还没去过”。“for half a year”表示时间段，需和延续性动词连用。open 是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，可排除A、D；open 还可作形容词，be open“开放的”，表状态，是持续性动词。have been to 去过/去了(已回)；have gone to 去了(未回)。根据“but”可知，前后语意转折，表示“我还没去过”。故选B。
B
7. ―Hello, Phil. Where is Luke now
―Maybe he _________ to the library. But he _________ here an hour ago.
A. has gone; stayed B. has been; stayed
C. has been; has stayed D. went; has stayed
A
三、按要求完成句子
1. Tom has finished his homework. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Tom _________ his homework
Has finished
2. He has already read today’s newspapers. (改为否定句)
He _________ read today’s newspapers _________.
hasn’t yet
3. Jason has been in Nanjing since 5 years ago. (改为同义句)
Jason has been in Nanjing ________ ________ ________.
for 5 years
4. I bought the cell phone last week. (改为同义句)
I _________ _________ the cell phone since last week.
have had
5. Mr. Chen and his wife have been married for 50 years.
(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ have Mr. Chen and his wife been married
How long
疑问词 + 动词不定式
一、单项选择
1. Daniel doesn’t know who _______ this history book.
A. to talk about B. talk to about
C. to talk to about D. talk about to
【提示】固定短语talk to sb. about sth. 意为“和某人谈论有关某物”，根据句意可知选C。
C
2.【2022·扬州梅岭中学教育集团期末】—Are you sure you have to do this now It’s been very late.
—I don’t know _______ to do it if not now.
A. where B. how C. what D. when
【提示】考查疑问词辨析。句意为“——你确定你现在必须做吗 已经很晚了。——如果现在不做，我不知道何时做”。where 在哪儿，指地点；how 怎样，指方式；what 什么，指事物；when 何时，指时间。由空后面的now 可知此处指时间。故选D。
D
3.【2022·扬州高邮期末】—I don’t know _______ to deal with the old mobile phones.
—It’s said that they should be recycled in a special way.
A. which B. what C. how D. where
【提示】考查疑问词辨析。句意为“——我不知道旧手机怎么处理。——据说它们应该以特殊的方式回收”。which 哪一个；what 什么；how 如何；where 在哪里。根据“to deal with”可知是如何处理，用“how to deal with”。故选C。
C
4.【2022·南京秦淮区六校期末】—I have a five-day holiday. But I don’t know _______.
—How about Yunnan
A. what to do B. where to go
C. when to go D. how to go
【提示】句意为“——我有五天的假期。但我不知道该去哪里。—— 云南怎么样 ” 根据“How about Yunnan ”可知，此处指不知去哪里度假，where to go为“疑问词+ 动词不定式”，表示“去哪里”。故选B。
B
二、改为同义句
1. She wasn’t sure where she could spend her holiday in summer.
She wasn’t sure _______ _______ spend her holiday in summer.
where to
2. I didn’t know what I could say.
I didn’t know _______ _______ _______.
what to say
must / have to 的用法
一、单项选择
1.【2022·苏州吴江区期末】—Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
—It _______ be my younger brother. It’s time for him to play with me.
A. must B. would C. may D. can
【提示】考查情态动词辨析。句意为“——听！有人在敲门。——一定是我弟弟。是时候让他和我一起玩了”。must 一定；would 将要；may 可以；can 会，能够。根据“It’s time for him to play with me.”可知，此处是表示肯定的推测，用must。故选A。
A
2.【2022·南京鼓楼区期末】—Must we hand in the exercise when the class is over, sir
—I’m afraid so. You _______ finish it in fifteen minutes.
A. can B. may C. will D. have to
【提示】考查情态动词。句意为“——老师，下课后我们必须交练习吗 ——恐怕是的。你必须在十五分钟内完成它”。can 能够；may 可以；will 会；have to 不得不。由“I’m afraid so.”可知这里表达“你必须15 分钟之后完成”。故选D。
D
3.【2022·泰州海陵区期末】—Such beautiful paintings! Could I take some photos
—No, you _______. The flashlight does harm to these priceless treasures.
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. may not
【提示】考查情态动词。句意为“——好漂亮的画！我可以拍些照片吗 ——不，你禁止这样做。手电筒会损害了这些无价之宝”。couldn’t 不能；needn’t 不需要；mustn’t 禁止；may not 可能不。根据“The flashlight does harm to these priceless treasures.”可知，是禁止这样做。故选C。
C
4.【2022·南通崇川区期末】—I can’t wear the mask. It’s too hot.
—For your health, I’m afraid you _______.
A. may B. have to C. can D. need
【提示】考查情态动词辨析。句意为“——我不能戴口罩。太热了。——为了你的健康，恐怕你必须这么做”。may 可能；have to 不得不；can 可以；need 需要。根据“For your health”可知，因为健康，不得不戴口罩。故选B。
B
5.【2022·扬州梅岭中学教育集团期末】—We _______ keep quiet in the library.
—Yes, I agree with you. And we _______ bring our student cards every time.
A. must; mustn’t B. have to; mustn’t
C. must; don’t have to D. have to; mustn’t
【提示】考查情态动词。句意为“——我们必须在图书馆保持安静。——是的。我同意你的看法。并且我们不需要每次都带学生卡”。must 必须；mustn’t 不准，禁止；don’t have to 不必要；have to 不得不，强调客观。根据“—We ______ keep quiet in the library.”及常识可知，在图书馆必须保持安静，且是强调主观意愿上的必须，应用must；结合“bring our student cards every time”可知，没有必要每次都带学生卡，应用don’t have to。故选C。
C
二、按要求完成句子
1. We have to go to school at weekends. (改为否定句)
We _______ _______ _______ go to school at weekends.
don’t have to
2. Must I start dancing now (作两种否定回答)
_______, you ___________. /
_______, you _________________.
No needn’t
No don’t have to
3. I had to get the work done before 5:00. (对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ you _______ to _______ before 5:00
What did have do
enough to / too ... to 的用法
一、单项选择
1. Jack is humorous enough _______ us laugh.
A. make B. makes C. making D. to make
【提示】句意为“杰克很幽默，能让我们发笑”。“be + adj. enough to do sth.”意为“足够……可以做某事”。故选D。
D
2.【2022·扬州高邮期末】The English exam isn’t _______ for me. I hope I haven’t failed.
A. enough difficult B. enough easy
C. difficult enough D. easy enough
【提示】考查形容词辨析和enough 后置。句意为“英语考试对我来说不够容易。我希望我没有不及格”。difficult 困难的；easy 容易的。enough 修饰形容词时，需后置，可排除A、B 两项；根据“I hope I haven’t failed.”可知，希望没有不及格，所以考试不容易。故选D。
D
3.【2022·南京秦淮区六校期末】—Amy, I went to the concert last night. How big the hall is!
—Yes, it is _______ more than one thousand people.
A. small enough to hold B. big enough to hold
C. enough big to hold D. too big to hold
【提示】考查enough 的用法。句意为“——艾米，我昨晚去听音乐会了。这个大厅好大啊! ——是的，它足够容纳一千多人”。根据“How big the hall is!”和“...more than one thousand people.”可知，大厅很大，足够容纳一千多人。enough 作副词时，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词和副词时须后置；“adj. + enough + to do sth.”表示“足够……能够……”。故选B。
B
4.【2022·南京秦淮区三校期末】—Your grandparents like travelling, right
—Yes. They think one is never _______ enjoy life.
A. too young to B. too old to
C. young enough to D. old enough to
B
5.【2022·泰州姜堰区期末】—Who can help me carry the heavy box
—I think Ted is _______ to do it. But the door is _______ for him to go through.
A. too strong; too small B. so strong; small enough
C. enough strong; small enough D. strong enough; too small
【提示】考查固定结构。句意为“——谁能帮我搬这个重箱子 ——我认为泰德足够强壮能搬动。但对他来说门太窄以致他不能通过”。too... to 意为“太……而不能”； “adj. + enough to do sth.”意为“足够……做某事”；“so +adj.”意为“如此……”。“Ted is ______ to do it”表示“足够强壮去……”，第一处用strong enough；“the door is ______ for him to go through”表示“门太窄过不去”，第二处用too... to 结构。故选D。
D
二、改为同义句
1. The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
The box is _______ heavy for me _______ carry.
too to
2. Charlie is so young that he can’t take the underground alone.
Charlie is _______ young _______ _______ the underground alone.
too to take
3. Liu Tao played badminton very well. He won the game again.
Liu Tao played badminton well _________ _______ win the game again.
enough to
三、根据汉语意思完成英文句子
1.【2022·常州期中】盒子太高了，孩子们够不到。
The box _________________________________.
is too high for the children to reach
2. 韩梅足够善良，她的朋友需要帮助的时候她能帮助他们。
Han Mei is _____________________ her friends when they are in need.
kind enough to help
“It is + adj. (+ for / of sb.) + to do sth.”句型
一、单项选择
1. It isn’t easy for us _______ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn
【提示】此处考查固定句型“It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，应用动词不定式作真正的主语，故选D。
D
2. It’s very kind _______ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
【提示】空格前的形容词是kind，用来表示人的品质，所以应用句式“It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.”，故选A。
A
3. It is important _______ people _______ learn team spirit.
A. of; of B. of; to
C. for; to D. to; to
C
4. It’s very nice _______ pictures for me.
A. of you to draw B. for you to draw
C. for you drawing D. of you drawing
A
5. It’s dangerous _______ a close look at the tiger in the zoo.
A. for us taking B. of us to take
C. of us taking D. for us to take
D
6. It’s generous _______ them to donate money to UNICEF. They think it important _______ them to help poor children go to school.
A. to; for B. for; of C. of; to D. of; for
D
二、翻译句子
1. 知道如何有礼貌地请求帮助是很重要的。
______________________________________________
It is important to know how to ask for help politely.
2. 住在这样一个现代化的城市里很舒适。
_________________________________________
It’s comfortable to live in such a modern city.
3.【2022·苏州立达中学期中】对于我们来说按时上交作业是很重要的。
______________________________________________
It is important for us to hand in homework on time.
4.【2022·南京金陵汇文学校月考】那些运动员能参加比赛真是很勇敢。
___________________________________________________
It is very brave of those athletes to join in the competition.
被动语态
一、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.【2022·泰州靖江滨江学校期末】—What do you think of Jim
—He is a serious boy. If he ____________ (give) the tasks, he will try his best to finish them well.
is given
2. The car sometimes goes wrong. It may cause accidents if it ___________________________ (not check) right away.
3. The publishing house says this book _________________ (translate) into Italian next year.
is not checked / isn’t checked
will be translated
4.【2022·泰州姜堰区期末】—Jim, have you finished your report yet
—I will make it if I __________ (give) another two days.
5.【2022·泰州靖江滨江学校期末】—80% of the warm clothes __________________ (offer) to the homeless so far.
—How kind they are!
am given
have been offered
6.【2022·南京秦淮区三校期末】—I’m wondering if a new bike _________________________________ (buy) for me on my birthday.
—I hope your dream can come true.
7. A charity show ____________ (hold) in our school hall yesterday.
will be bought / is going to be bought
was held
8. These brightly colored bicycles can ____________ (see) everywhere. They ____________ (lock) by the user after riding, and then unlocked by the next rider with a mobile phone.
9. It ______________ (believe) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
10. This kind of sweater _______ (feel) very soft and ________ (sell) well.
be seen
are locked
is believed
feels sells
二、单项选择
1. 【2022·扬州高邮期末】Pay attention to your words. Just as the saying goes, “A tree _______ by its fruit, and a man by its talk.”
A. knows B. is known C. knew D. will be known
【提示】考查时态与语态。句意为“注意你的话语。俗话说‘看果子就知道树，看话就知道人’”。主语“A tree”与谓语动词“know”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。句子属于格言警句，用一般现在时。故选B。
B
2.【2022·泰州姜堰区期末】—Have you heard of the music Kiss the Rain (雨的印记)
—Yes. It _______ by my daughter when she was young.
A. is played B. plays C. has played D. was played
【提示】考查时态与语态。句意为“——你听过《雨的印记》这首音乐吗 ——是的。当我女儿小的时候，它被我女儿演奏过”。根据“when she was young”可知，此处在描述过去的事情，且“it”和“play”之间是被动关系。故选D。
D
3.【2022·南京第九初中期末】The theatre _______ in September next year.
A. completes B. is completed
C. will complete D. will be completed
【提示】考查时态与语态。句意为“剧院将于明年9 月完工”。主语是动作的承受者，结合“next year”可知，用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
D
4.【2022·苏州吴江区期末】—Can I play football for some time, Mum
—You can, if your homework _______.
A. will finish B. will be finished C. is finished D. finished
【提示】考查时态与语态。句意为“——妈妈，我能踢一会儿足球吗 ——可以，如果你的作业做完了”。if引导的条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时，可排除A、B 两项；主语your homework 和谓语finish 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。
C
三、按要求完成句子
1. The local government organizes the film festival every autumn. (改为被动语态)
The film festival _________ ___________ by the local government every autumn.
is organized
2. The waiter took away the plates after we finished eating.
(改为被动语态)
The plates _______ _______ away by the waiter after we finished eating.
were taken
3. All these used books will be sold by us. (改为主动语态)
We _______ _______ all these used books.
will sell
4. The boss in this factory made the workers work for 12 hours a day in the past. (改为被动语态)
The workers in this factory _______ made _______ _______ for 12 hours a day in the past.
were to work
5. The poster will be designed by Daniel. (对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ the poster be designed _______
Who will by

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