资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
北京市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 顺义区期末） I was sitting with my study group when I received an email from my landlord （房东）.
"Your apartment has lost （1）　 　 ."
This was my first winter in a northern city，and the damage an ice storm could cause wasn't something I （2）　 　 .With no Wi﹣Fi or heat，how would I cook supper or finish my homework for school？
"You can come and stay with me."
My classmate Caroline's voice cut through my thoughts.I （3）　 　 because I didn't want to trouble her.But she （4）　 　 .
An hour later，sitting with a warm bowl of soup at her home，I was （5）　 　 by her action of preparing her own room for me—we've just known each other for months.
As it took some time to （6）　 　 the problem in my apartment，the time we spent together turned into a（n） （7）　 　 six days—marked by laughter and conversations.
We'd head to bed with the （8）　 　 of sleeping early only for one of us to turn over and say something to the other.Our night chatting always （9）　 　 for hours，from our dreams to our lives.
During my stay，never once did Caroline ask how much longer I was going to be at her place.Rather，she always told me that I was （10）　 　 to stay for as long as I needed.When my apartment finally had its electricity back，we were sad that our stay together had come to an end，but （11）　 　 that we had made so many memories.
Caroline's （12）　 　 showed me how much a friendly action can mean to the person you help.It turned my （13）　 　 of having a difficult，lonely week into the happiness of building our （14）　 　 friendship and memories.I'll remember that kindness when I see someone else in need.
（1）A.protection B.privacy C.power D.furniture
（2）A.caught up with B.broke away from C.did well in D.got used to
（3）A.hesitated B.laughed C.criticized D.approved
（4）A.replied B.insisted C.defended D.associated
（5）A.connected B.amazed C.inspired D.amused
（6）A.imagine B.observe C.present D.solve
（7）A.magical B.balanced C.extra D.formal
（8）A.impact B.wisdom C.intention D.concern
（9）A.repeated B.delayed C.lasted D.changed
（10）A.welcome B.fortunate C.impressive D.important
（11）A.awkward B.grateful C.passionate D.confused
（12）A.awareness B.calmness C.happiness D.kindness
（13）A.curiosity B.delight C.fear D.hurt
（14）A.valuable B.competitive C.efficient D.complex
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 通州区期末） Enjoy a museum visit with your class!
Available Programs：
Art Tells a Story：By looking at the subject matter and by drawing from personal experiences，students can find the story in some works of art.（All grades）
Learning to Look：An interactive（互动的） tour that explores a variety of art using storytelling，movements，music，games，and other techniques helps introduce a museum to children.（Preschool﹣Grade 3）
Native American Collection：This program explores relationships that exist between art，culture，the geographic location and natural resources.Students will see a bowl made by Maria Martinez，a Town storyteller，a Northwest coast mask，and Inuit clothing. （For Grade 2﹣5.）
The Language of Art：Classes are welcomed into the museum to take part in an interactive tour of American Art.It gives participants a set of vocabulary words while helping them feel comfortable.Art﹣on﹣the﹣Move：Teachers may borrow suitcases filled with art objects.Free for organizations with Education Membership.
Planning Your Visit：
Booking：Booking is necessary for all tour and programs.Please book at least a week in advance.Teachers are encouraged to organize self﹣guided visits for their classes during public hours.
Tour Hours：Tours can be organized between 9：30 a.m.and 5：00 p.m.on weekdays.
Program Fees：Tours are free for those with Education Membership.There is a charge of ＄6 per student of non﹣member organizations.Tours with art activities cost ＄12 per student（non﹣members） or ＄ 10 per student （members）.
Chaperones（保护人）：We require one adult chaperone for every 10 children.Chaperones help to make your museum visit a success.A chaperone must pay ＄ 5 admission.
Lunch：We regret that no lunch facilities are available at the museum.
Museum Rules：Don't touch works of art.Don't take photographs.
Ask questions.Look，and then LOOK again.
Enjoy!
（1）If teachers want their students to learn about what a museum is，they will choose 　 　 .
A.Art Tells a Story
B.Learning to Look
C.The Language of Art
D.Native American Collection
（2）Why does the museum feel sorry？ 　 　
A.Taking photos is not allowed at the museum.
B.Lunch service is not provided at the museum.
C.Visitors can't touch works of art at the museum.
D.Visitors can't take part in all the activities at a time.
（3）In which section of the newspaper does the text most probably appear？ 　 　
A.Health.
B.News.
C.Environment.
D.Advertisement.
3．（2024春 海淀区期末） Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 "forever chemicals" that can seep into what we eat.a new study finds.And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. "It's not clear why the latter chemicals，which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers，are in such packaging." says the study's author Birgit Geueke.
The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoronlkyl substances （PFASs），which are sometimes called "forever chemicals" because they don't break down readily in the environment or in the body.That's because their characteristic carbon﹣fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature.For decades，these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products，from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics，because they are proof against water and grease.
Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging.About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging，but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list.Geueke says it's unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up.David Andrews，a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization，suggests it's possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time.This class of chemicals includes many long﹣chain molecules，and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs.
PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk，drinking water，soil and other startling places around the world.Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer.reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. "There's an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm，" says Andrews.Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals.Before publishing the new study，Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council （ACC），a chemistry industry trade association，about it，but the organization did not reply.On its dedicated PFAS webpage，ACC notes that "all PFASs are not the same.Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses."
Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class—a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups.There are more than 12，000 known PFASs，and scientists don't know much about most of them. "Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity，" Geueke says，and "there are probably other ways to produce food packaging."
（1）What can we learn about PFASs from the passage？ 　 　
A.They are able to resist water and grease.
B.They last long and never break down.
C.They contain the longest chemical bond.
D.They are mainly used for food packaging.
（2）Paragraph 3 is mainly about 　 　 .
A.the potential usage of the unknown impurities
B.the authorization of food packaging chemicals
C.the likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals
D.the possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs
（3）The words on the webpage in Paragraph 5 may show that ACC 　 　 .
A.has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products
B.agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs
C.has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs
D.supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity
（4）Which would Geueke probably agree with？ 　 　
A.Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs.
B.Food packaging alternatives should be explored.
C.The chemicals in food packaging should be listed.
D.Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs.
4．（2024春 石景山区期末）Why should mankind explore space？Why should money，time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits？Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth？These are questions that，understandably，are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings.What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains，and on into all possible areas and environments？The wider the spread of a species，the better its chance of survival.Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored，because by doing so，any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for.Without knowledge，we may be completely destroyed by the danger.With knowledge，we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them，they will perhaps be useful later.Resources may be more than physical possessions.Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration.The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.We have already benefited from other spin﹣offs including improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems.Even non﹣stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by﹣products（副产品）of technological developments in the space industry.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return，the exploration of space allows creative，brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works，it also holds dangers.The danger exists，but knowledge can help human being to survive.Without the ability to reach out across space，the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life，surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.It is true that the lifestyle would be different，but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
（1）Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1？ 　 　
A．To express his doubts.
B．To compare different ideas.
C．To describe the conditions on Earth.
D．To introduce points for discussion.
（2）What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2？ 　 　
A．Humans have the tendency to fight.
B．Humans are nature﹣born to do so.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
（3）What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets？ 　 　
A．The adaptive ability of humans.
B．Resources on the earth.
C．Our genetic makeup.
D．By﹣products in space exploration.
（4）Which of the statements can best sum up the passage？ 　 　
A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
B．Space exploration provided the best value for money.
C．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
D．Space exploration may benefit science and technology.
5．（2024春 西城区期末） The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive，two﹣year program.It is aimed at giving writers of book﹣length manuscripts （文稿） the classes，advice，and moral support they need to draft，revise，and—most importantly—finish.Whether you're working on a novel，short story collection，or narrative nonfiction，our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project.And at the end of two years，you'll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps.
Benefits
● Individualized guidance：You'll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress，review drafts of your work，and set goals for the future，keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program.
● Intensives：Three times a year，the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert，group meetings，participant readings，great meals and plenty of social time.
● Manuscript feedback：You'll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader，chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers.
Applications and Tuition
● Applications：Applications are available starting April 1，and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year.Each guide accepts six applicants，for a total of 36 participating writers.
● Components of applications：a writing sample up to 30 pages，a project outline，two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors，and a short personal statement.
● Tuition： ＄8，580 per year，or＄715 per month.Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship.
Since 2019，we've seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants.They've had nonfiction，short story collections，novels，and middle﹣grade works signed by the best publishers.Will you be next？
（1）The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will 　 　 .
A.get their books published eventually
B.meet their guides whenever necessary
C.finish writing their works within 2 years
D.receive feedback only from famous writers
（2）To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project，you need to 　 　 .
A.apply before April 1
B.pay ＄715 for one year
C.state your personal information
D.prepare your novel up to 36 pages
（3）What is the main purpose of the passage？ 　 　
A.To assess new writers.
B.To promote a program.
C.To compare different projects.
D.To introduce the best publisher.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024春 海淀区期末） Picture this：you're baking cookies.As you lift the pan out of the oven，your bare arm accidentally touches it.Ouch!Why did you feel pain？And how is your brain involved in sensing pain？We may not like pain，but our bodies need it as a warning system. （1）　 　
There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli （刺激）.These cells are called "nociceptors".When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus，it sends a message into the brain.The brain processes that information，and then pain is felt. （2）　 　 Think about a time when you've stubbed your toe.There doesn't seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain：it feels like it happens at the same time.
（3）　 　 If we have an injury，pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal.If we stand too close to a fire，pain tells us to move away.Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous.Some people can feel sensations like touch，but they cannot feel pain.Without feeling pain，they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal.
On the other hand，the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn't any actual injury to the body.Here's a famous story：a man stepped on a nail.It went through the bottom of his shoe，and he felt like he was in horrible pain.When the doctors removed his shoe，they found that the nail was between his toes!It hadn't gone into his foot at all. （4）　 　 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience.
Without pain，we might not know when we could need to rest.We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. （5）　 　 However，it is an important part of human life and survival!
A.Pain is not fun to feel.
B.Pain is a response to a stimulus.
C.Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel.
D.Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling，it is necessary for human survival.
E.All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive.
F.It is an important function of our brain，telling our bodies when something is wrong.
G.However，the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 海淀区期末）
A
Giant panda Fu Bao arrived in Chengdu.Sichuan Province on April 3rd，2024.after living in South Korea for over 3 years.Large screens were lit up （1）　 　 （welcome） Fu Bao home.These large screen advertisements（2）　 　 （purchase） by dozens of fans.Fu Bao is the first giant panda born in South Korea and a successful case of overseas breeding.Since the 1990s，China （3）　 　 （conduct） giant panda conservation cooperation and research with institutions in other countries.Currently，there are a local of 49 giant pandas abroad.
B
Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors，and self﹣driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. （4）　 　 they can do is no keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely.In this way，traffic violations and fines can be avoided， （5）　 　 can help save costs.Drivers also benefit from the（6）　 　 （integrate） of Al technology during long trips as they can rest while the car's system takes care of driving.
C
As summer vacation approaches，study tours of primary and middle school students have become popular.
（7）　 　 （absorb） in academic studies at school，students are left with little room for activities such as practical labor or hands﹣on experience.During the study tours，they come （8）　 　 groups to major attractions，museums and farms to learn while sightseeing.Educational trips offer students precious （9）　 　 （opportunity） to become more independent.By （10）　 　 （engage） in independent living and problem solving with peers，students can learn to navigate real﹣life situations.
五．其他阅读题型（共1小题）
8．（2024春 通州区期末）Exercise plays a very important role in a healthy lifestyle.But you may not have time or money to go to a gym on a regular basis.The good news is that today's technology lets you access fitness classes from the comfort of your home.
A quick Internet search will turn up thousands of online fitness classes.These classes let you listen to instructions and watch trainers demonstrate how to do exercises.You can watch videos on your phone，computer or tablet and do the exercises right where you are.All you need is an Internet connection and a space large enough to move around in.
Online fitness classes take a wide variety of forms.Some focus on stretches and slow movements.Other classes involve fast aerobic activity，while others build muscle strength.Some require equipment such as weights，but others use only your body.This means that you can choose the class you like.And you can try a different one whenever you like.
Some virtual fitness classes require a membership fee，but some are completely free.Anyone can post a fitness video on the Internet.Not everyone knows what they are doing.So it is important to think about who is teaching the class.Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.
I tried some virtual fitness classes several years ago.The reason was simple：convenience.I could do a fitness class at any time of day.I didn't need to travel to a gym and back，which saved me a lot of time.But being able to work out any time meant I kept putting it off.I'd do everything else first and then the day would be over.I'd never actually get around to exercising.Having to exercise at a definite time means I have to put it on my schedule.So for me，scheduled classes such as those at a gym are helpful.
（1）What do people need to have virtual fitness classes？ 　 　
（2）What is the author's suggestion about choosing an instructor while having virtual fitness classes？ 　 　
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why. 　 　
The author thinks virtual fitness classes are of great convenience and save a lot of time，so he takes virtual fitness classes on a regular basis.
（4）Do you think virtual fitness classes will become a trend for young people？Why or why not？ （In about 40 words） 　 　
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2024春 东城区期末） 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期你校开展了以"校园安全"为主题的教育活动。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
（1）活动目的；
（2）活动安排及效果。
提示词：校园安全campus safety
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
北京市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 顺义区期末） I was sitting with my study group when I received an email from my landlord （房东）.
"Your apartment has lost （1）　C　 ."
This was my first winter in a northern city，and the damage an ice storm could cause wasn't something I （2）　D　 .With no Wi﹣Fi or heat，how would I cook supper or finish my homework for school？
"You can come and stay with me."
My classmate Caroline's voice cut through my thoughts.I （3）　A　 because I didn't want to trouble her.But she （4）　B　 .
An hour later，sitting with a warm bowl of soup at her home，I was （5）　B　 by her action of preparing her own room for me—we've just known each other for months.
As it took some time to （6）　D　 the problem in my apartment，the time we spent together turned into a（n） （7）　A　 six days—marked by laughter and conversations.
We'd head to bed with the （8）　C　 of sleeping early only for one of us to turn over and say something to the other.Our night chatting always （9）　C　 for hours，from our dreams to our lives.
During my stay，never once did Caroline ask how much longer I was going to be at her place.Rather，she always told me that I was （10）　A　 to stay for as long as I needed.When my apartment finally had its electricity back，we were sad that our stay together had come to an end，but （11）　B　 that we had made so many memories.
Caroline's （12）　D　 showed me how much a friendly action can mean to the person you help.It turned my （13）　C　 of having a difficult，lonely week into the happiness of building our （14）　A　 friendship and memories.I'll remember that kindness when I see someone else in need.
（1）A.protection B.privacy C.power D.furniture
（2）A.caught up with B.broke away from C.did well in D.got used to
（3）A.hesitated B.laughed C.criticized D.approved
（4）A.replied B.insisted C.defended D.associated
（5）A.connected B.amazed C.inspired D.amused
（6）A.imagine B.observe C.present D.solve
（7）A.magical B.balanced C.extra D.formal
（8）A.impact B.wisdom C.intention D.concern
（9）A.repeated B.delayed C.lasted D.changed
（10）A.welcome B.fortunate C.impressive D.important
（11）A.awkward B.grateful C.passionate D.confused
（12）A.awareness B.calmness C.happiness D.kindness
（13）A.curiosity B.delight C.fear D.hurt
（14）A.valuable B.competitive C.efficient D.complex
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）CDABB （6）﹣（10）DACCA （11）﹣（14）BDCA
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了作者在北方城市遭遇冰暴导致公寓断电断网后，同学卡洛琳主动邀请作者去她家暂住。两人共度了六天，期间通过深夜长谈加深了彼此的了解和友谊。卡洛琳的无私帮助让作者感受到了友善行为的巨大意义，将原本可能艰难孤独的一周转变为充满快乐和珍贵回忆的时光。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.protection保护；B.privacy隐私；C.power电力；D.furniture家具。句意："你的公寓停电了。"根据后文When my apartment finally had its electricity back，we were sad that our stay together had come to an end，but （11）that we had made so many memories.可知当我的公寓终于恢复供电时，我们为我们在一起的时光结束而难过，但也为我们留下了如此多的回忆而感激。说明我的公寓停电了。故答案为C。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.caught up with赶上；B.broke away from脱离；C.did well in做得好；D.got used to习惯于。句意：这是我在北方城市的第一个冬天，我不习惯冰暴可能造成的破坏。根据下句With no Wi﹣Fi or heat，how would I cook supper or finish my homework for school？可知没有Wi﹣Fi或暖气，我怎么做晚饭或完成学校的作业？说明我不习惯冰暴可能造成的破坏。故答案为D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.hesitated犹豫；B.laughed笑；C.criticized批评；D.approved同意。句意：我犹豫了，因为我不想麻烦她。根据空后because I didn't want to trouble her可知因为我不想麻烦她。说明我犹豫了，故答案为A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.replied回复；B.insisted坚持认为；C.defended保卫；D.associated联系。句意：。但是她坚持。根据下句An hour later，sitting with a warm bowl of soup at her home，I was （5）by her action of preparing her own room for me—we've just known each other for months.可知一个小时后，坐在她家，端着一碗热汤，我惊讶于她为我准备自己房间的举动﹣﹣﹣我们才认识几个月。说明她仍然坚持让我去她家住。故答案为B。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.connected连接；B.amazed使惊讶；C.inspired激励；D.amused娱乐。句意：一个小时后，坐在她家，端着一碗热汤，我惊讶于她为我准备自己房间的举动﹣﹣﹣我们才认识几个月。根据下句we've just known each other for months.可知我们才认识几个月。说明我惊讶于她为我准备自己房间的举动故答案为B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagine想象；B.observe观察；C.present赠与；D.solve解决。句意：由于我花了一些时间来解决公寓的问题，我们一起度过的时间变成了神奇的六天﹣﹣﹣充满了笑声和交谈。根据前文"Your apartment has lost （1）."可知"你的公寓停电了。"说明我花了一些时间来解决公寓的问题，故答案为D。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.magical有魔力的，神奇的；B.balanced平衡的；C.extra额外的；D.formal正式的。句意：由于我花了一些时间来解决公寓的问题，我们一起度过的时间变成了神奇的六天﹣﹣﹣充满了笑声和交谈。根据空后marked by laughter and conversations可知充满了笑声和交谈。说明我们一起度过的时间变成了神奇的六天。故答案为A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.impact影响；B.wisdom智慧；C.intention打算；D.concern关心。句意：我们抱着早点睡觉的目的上床，只是为了我们中的一个翻个身和另一个说点什么。根据空后of sleeping early only for one of us to turn over and say something to the other可知我们抱着早点睡觉的目的上床，只是为了我们中的一个翻个身和另一个说点什么。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.repeated重复；B.delayed推迟；C.lasted持久；D.changed改变。句意：我们的夜聊总是持续几个小时，从我们的梦到我们的生活。根据下句from our dreams to our lives.可知从我们的梦到我们的生活。说明我们的夜聊总是持续几个小时，故答案为C。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.welcome欢迎的；B.fortunate幸运的；C.impressive印象深刻的；D.important重要的。句意：相反，她总是告诉我，只要我需要，欢迎我留下来。根据前文"You can come and stay with me."可知"你可以来和我住在一起。"说明她总是告诉我，只要我需要，欢迎我留下来。故答案为A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.awkward尴尬的；B.grateful感激的；C.passionate热情的；D.confused困惑的。句意：当我的公寓终于恢复供电时，我们为我们在一起的时光结束而难过，但也为我们留下了如此多的回忆而感激。根据常识和空后that we had made so many memories.可知为我们留下了如此多的回忆而感激。故答案为B。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.awareness意识；B.calmness冷静；C.happiness高兴；D.kindness善良。句意：卡罗琳的善良让我明白了一个友好的举动对你所帮助的人意味着什么。根据前文"You can come and stay with me."可知"你可以来和我住在一起。"说明卡罗琳的善良让我明白了一个友好的举动对你所帮助的人意味着什么。故答案为D。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.curiosity好奇；B.delight高兴；C.fear害怕；D.hurt伤害。句意：它把我对度过艰难、孤独的一周的恐惧变成了建立我们宝贵友谊和回忆的快乐。根据空后into the happiness of building our （14）friendship and memories可知它把我对度过艰难、孤独的一周的恐惧变成了建立我们宝贵友谊和回忆的快乐。故答案为C。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.valuable有价值的；B.competitive竞争的；C.efficient高效的；D.complex复杂的。句意：它把我对度过艰难、孤独的一周的恐惧变成了建立我们宝贵友谊和回忆的快乐。根据前文When my apartment finally had its electricity back，we were sad that our stay together had come to an end，but （11）that we had made so many memories.可知当我的公寓终于恢复供电时，我们为我们在一起的时光结束而难过，但也为我们留下了如此多的回忆而感激。说明它把我对度过艰难、孤独的一周的恐惧变成了建立我们宝贵友谊和回忆的快乐。故答案为A。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 通州区期末） Enjoy a museum visit with your class!
Available Programs：
Art Tells a Story：By looking at the subject matter and by drawing from personal experiences，students can find the story in some works of art.（All grades）
Learning to Look：An interactive（互动的） tour that explores a variety of art using storytelling，movements，music，games，and other techniques helps introduce a museum to children.（Preschool﹣Grade 3）
Native American Collection：This program explores relationships that exist between art，culture，the geographic location and natural resources.Students will see a bowl made by Maria Martinez，a Town storyteller，a Northwest coast mask，and Inuit clothing. （For Grade 2﹣5.）
The Language of Art：Classes are welcomed into the museum to take part in an interactive tour of American Art.It gives participants a set of vocabulary words while helping them feel comfortable.Art﹣on﹣the﹣Move：Teachers may borrow suitcases filled with art objects.Free for organizations with Education Membership.
Planning Your Visit：
Booking：Booking is necessary for all tour and programs.Please book at least a week in advance.Teachers are encouraged to organize self﹣guided visits for their classes during public hours.
Tour Hours：Tours can be organized between 9：30 a.m.and 5：00 p.m.on weekdays.
Program Fees：Tours are free for those with Education Membership.There is a charge of ＄6 per student of non﹣member organizations.Tours with art activities cost ＄12 per student（non﹣members） or ＄ 10 per student （members）.
Chaperones（保护人）：We require one adult chaperone for every 10 children.Chaperones help to make your museum visit a success.A chaperone must pay ＄ 5 admission.
Lunch：We regret that no lunch facilities are available at the museum.
Museum Rules：Don't touch works of art.Don't take photographs.
Ask questions.Look，and then LOOK again.
Enjoy!
（1）If teachers want their students to learn about what a museum is，they will choose 　B　 .
A.Art Tells a Story
B.Learning to Look
C.The Language of Art
D.Native American Collection
（2）Why does the museum feel sorry？ 　B　
A.Taking photos is not allowed at the museum.
B.Lunch service is not provided at the museum.
C.Visitors can't touch works of art at the museum.
D.Visitors can't take part in all the activities at a time.
（3）In which section of the newspaper does the text most probably appear？ 　D　
A.Health.
B.News.
C.Environment.
D.Advertisement.
【答案】BBD
【分析】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一个博物馆为学校团体提供的一系列教育项目和参观指南，同时，文中还提供了关于预约参观、参观时间、费用、监护人要求以及博物馆规则的信息。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Available Programs下方的Learning to Look：An interactive（互动的） tour that explores a variety of art using storytelling，movements，music，games，and other techniques helps introduce a museum to children（学会看：一次互动式的参观，通过讲故事、动作、音乐、游戏和其他技巧探索各种艺术，有助于向孩子们介绍博物馆），可知如果老师想让学生了解博物馆是什么，他们会选择Learning to Look这个项目，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据Planning Your Visit下方的Lunch：We regret that no lunch facilities are available at the museum（午餐：很抱歉，博物馆没有午餐设施），可知博物馆感到抱歉因为博物馆不提供午餐服务，故选B。
（3）文章出处题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段Enjoy a museum visit with your class（和你的同学一起参观博物馆），可知本文主要介绍了一个博物馆为学校团体提供的一系列教育项目和参观指南。同时，文中还提供了关于预约参观、参观时间、费用、监护人要求以及博物馆规则的信息，所以这篇文章应该是报纸上的一个广告，故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024春 海淀区期末） Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 "forever chemicals" that can seep into what we eat.a new study finds.And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. "It's not clear why the latter chemicals，which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers，are in such packaging." says the study's author Birgit Geueke.
The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoronlkyl substances （PFASs），which are sometimes called "forever chemicals" because they don't break down readily in the environment or in the body.That's because their characteristic carbon﹣fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature.For decades，these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products，from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics，because they are proof against water and grease.
Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging.About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging，but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list.Geueke says it's unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up.David Andrews，a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization，suggests it's possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time.This class of chemicals includes many long﹣chain molecules，and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs.
PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk，drinking water，soil and other startling places around the world.Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer.reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. "There's an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm，" says Andrews.Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals.Before publishing the new study，Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council （ACC），a chemistry industry trade association，about it，but the organization did not reply.On its dedicated PFAS webpage，ACC notes that "all PFASs are not the same.Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses."
Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class—a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups.There are more than 12，000 known PFASs，and scientists don't know much about most of them. "Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity，" Geueke says，and "there are probably other ways to produce food packaging."
（1）What can we learn about PFASs from the passage？ 　A　
A.They are able to resist water and grease.
B.They last long and never break down.
C.They contain the longest chemical bond.
D.They are mainly used for food packaging.
（2）Paragraph 3 is mainly about 　D　 .
A.the potential usage of the unknown impurities
B.the authorization of food packaging chemicals
C.the likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals
D.the possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs
（3）The words on the webpage in Paragraph 5 may show that ACC 　B　 .
A.has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products
B.agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs
C.has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs
D.supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity
（4）Which would Geueke probably agree with？ 　B　
A.Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs.
B.Food packaging alternatives should be explored.
C.The chemicals in food packaging should be listed.
D.Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs.
【答案】ADBB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种"永久化学物质"，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的For decades，these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products，from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics，because they are proof against water and grease（几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂）可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段的Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging.About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging，but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list.Geueke says it's unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up...（ Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的......）可知，第三段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals...On its dedicated PFAS webpage，ACC notes that "all PFASs are not the same.Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses"（化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理......在其专用的PFAS网页，行政协调会上指出，"并非所有PFASs都是相同的。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途"）可知，行政协调会（ACC）同意化学工业代表对全氟辛烷磺酸的看法。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段"Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity，" Geueke says，and "there are probably other ways to produce food packaging."（Geueke说："只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法"）可知，Geueke认同应探索替代食品包装。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024春 石景山区期末）Why should mankind explore space？Why should money，time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits？Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth？These are questions that，understandably，are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings.What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains，and on into all possible areas and environments？The wider the spread of a species，the better its chance of survival.Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored，because by doing so，any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for.Without knowledge，we may be completely destroyed by the danger.With knowledge，we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them，they will perhaps be useful later.Resources may be more than physical possessions.Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration.The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.We have already benefited from other spin﹣offs including improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems.Even non﹣stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by﹣products（副产品）of technological developments in the space industry.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return，the exploration of space allows creative，brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works，it also holds dangers.The danger exists，but knowledge can help human being to survive.Without the ability to reach out across space，the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life，surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.It is true that the lifestyle would be different，but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
（1）Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1？ 　D　
A．To express his doubts.
B．To compare different ideas.
C．To describe the conditions on Earth.
D．To introduce points for discussion.
（2）What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2？ 　B　
A．Humans have the tendency to fight.
B．Humans are nature﹣born to do so.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
（3）What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets？ 　A　
A．The adaptive ability of humans.
B．Resources on the earth.
C．Our genetic makeup.
D．By﹣products in space exploration.
（4）Which of the statements can best sum up the passage？ 　C　
A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
B．Space exploration provided the best value for money.
C．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
D．Space exploration may benefit science and technology.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文向我们阐述了人类探索太空的原因。人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。或许人类探索太空暂时没有多大用处，但在未来可能会帮助人类生存下去。
【解答】（1）D.推理判断题。根据文章第一段，Why should mankind explore space？Why should money，time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits？Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth？These are questions that，understandably，are very often asked.（人类为什么要探索太空？为什么要把金钱、时间和精力花在探索和研究那些表面上没有什么好处的东西上？为什么要把资源花在太空上，而不是花在地球上的条件和人身上？这些问题是人们经常问到的，这是可以理解的。）可知，作者在第一段用设问的方式是为了引出话题：人类探索太空的原因。结合选项，故选D。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.（也许探索太空的最好原因是这种遗传倾向会在任何可能的地方扩张。）可知，人类探索太空原因存在与人类的基因中，人类天生的对未知事物的好奇驱使着人类探索太空，故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段While Earth is the only planet known to support life，surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.（虽然地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星，但人类的适应能力肯定会让我们在其他星球上生活。）可知，人类适应环境的能力让我们可以生活在别的星球上，结合选项，故选A。
（4）C.主旨大意题。根据文章内容，文章讲述的是太空探索的问题和探索太空带来的好处；以及文章倒数第二段Without the ability to reach out across space，the chance to save ourselves might not exist.（不探索太空，我们人类也许很难生存下去。）可知，本文章主要讲述了太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题。结合选项，故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
5．（2024春 西城区期末） The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive，two﹣year program.It is aimed at giving writers of book﹣length manuscripts （文稿） the classes，advice，and moral support they need to draft，revise，and—most importantly—finish.Whether you're working on a novel，short story collection，or narrative nonfiction，our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project.And at the end of two years，you'll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps.
Benefits
● Individualized guidance：You'll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress，review drafts of your work，and set goals for the future，keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program.
● Intensives：Three times a year，the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert，group meetings，participant readings，great meals and plenty of social time.
● Manuscript feedback：You'll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader，chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers.
Applications and Tuition
● Applications：Applications are available starting April 1，and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year.Each guide accepts six applicants，for a total of 36 participating writers.
● Components of applications：a writing sample up to 30 pages，a project outline，two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors，and a short personal statement.
● Tuition： ＄8，580 per year，or＄715 per month.Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship.
Since 2019，we've seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants.They've had nonfiction，short story collections，novels，and middle﹣grade works signed by the best publishers.Will you be next？
（1）The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will 　C　 .
A.get their books published eventually
B.meet their guides whenever necessary
C.finish writing their works within 2 years
D.receive feedback only from famous writers
（2）To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project，you need to 　C　 .
A.apply before April 1
B.pay ＄715 for one year
C.state your personal information
D.prepare your novel up to 36 pages
（3）What is the main purpose of the passage？ 　B　
A.To assess new writers.
B.To promote a program.
C.To compare different projects.
D.To introduce the best publisher.
【答案】CCB
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章旨在介绍灯塔图书项目（The Lighthouse Book Project），这是一个为期两年的密集写作计划，旨在帮助撰写长篇手稿的作家们完成他们的作品。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章的第一段中提到The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive，two﹣year program.It is aimed at giving writers of book﹣length manuscripts （文稿） the classes，advice，and moral support they need to draft，revise，and—most importantly—finish.（灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。）可知该项目承诺参与者在两年内完成写作工作。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Components of applications部分中a writing sample up to 30 pages，a project outline，two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors，and a short personal statement.（一份30页的写作样本，一个项目大纲，两到三封现任或前任写作导师的推荐信，以及一份简短的个人陈述。）可知成为灯塔图书项目的参与者需要提交个人陈述，即需要陈述个人信息。故选C。
（3）目的意图题。根据文章的第一段The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive，two﹣year program.It is aimed at giving writers of book﹣length manuscripts （文稿） the classes，advice，and moral support they need to draft，revise，and—most importantly—finish.（灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。）可知，文章主要介绍了灯塔图书项目（The Lighthouse Book Project），包括它的目标、好处、申请条件和学费等。因此，文章的主要目的是推广这个项目，以吸引更多的作家参与。B选项To promote a program.（推广一个项目）符合题意。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024春 海淀区期末） Picture this：you're baking cookies.As you lift the pan out of the oven，your bare arm accidentally touches it.Ouch!Why did you feel pain？And how is your brain involved in sensing pain？We may not like pain，but our bodies need it as a warning system. （1）　F　
There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli （刺激）.These cells are called "nociceptors".When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus，it sends a message into the brain.The brain processes that information，and then pain is felt. （2）　E　 Think about a time when you've stubbed your toe.There doesn't seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain：it feels like it happens at the same time.
（3）　D　 If we have an injury，pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal.If we stand too close to a fire，pain tells us to move away.Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous.Some people can feel sensations like touch，but they cannot feel pain.Without feeling pain，they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal.
On the other hand，the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn't any actual injury to the body.Here's a famous story：a man stepped on a nail.It went through the bottom of his shoe，and he felt like he was in horrible pain.When the doctors removed his shoe，they found that the nail was between his toes!It hadn't gone into his foot at all. （4）　G　 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience.
Without pain，we might not know when we could need to rest.We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. （5）　A　 However，it is an important part of human life and survival!
A.Pain is not fun to feel.
B.Pain is a response to a stimulus.
C.Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel.
D.Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling，it is necessary for human survival.
E.All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive.
F.It is an important function of our brain，telling our bodies when something is wrong.
G.However，the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm.
【答案】FEDGA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。
【解答】（1）联系上文题。由上文Picture this：you're baking cookies.As you lift the pan out of the oven，your bar e arm accidentally touches it.Ouch!Why did you feel pain？And how is your brain involved in sensing pain？We may not like pain，but our bodies need it as a warning system. （想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。）可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F"这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题。"承接了上文的"警告系统"，符合语境。故选F。
（2）联系上文题。由上文There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli （刺激）.These cells are called "nociceptors".When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus，it sends a message into the brain.The brain processes that information，and then pain is felt. （我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为"伤害感受器"。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。）可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E"所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度。"解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
（3）联系下文题。由下文If we have an injury，pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal.If we stand too close to a fire，pain tells us to move away.Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous.Some people can feel sensations like touch，but they cannot feel pain.Without feeling pain，they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. （如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。）可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D"尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的。"既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合语境。故选D。
（4）联系上文题。由上文On the other hand，the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn't any actual injury to the body.Here's a famous story：a man stepped on a nail.It went through the bottom of his shoe，and he felt like he was in horrible pain.When the doctors removed his shoe，they found that the nail was between his toes!It hadn't gone into his foot at all. （另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里。）可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G"然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉。"很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
（5）语境衔接题。由上文Without pain，we might not know when we could need to rest.We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. （没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。）和下文However，it is an important part of human life and survival! （然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！）可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A"感受疼痛并不有趣。"自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合语境。故选A。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 海淀区期末）
A
Giant panda Fu Bao arrived in Chengdu.Sichuan Province on April 3rd，2024.after living in South Korea for over 3 years.Large screens were lit up （1）　to welcome　 （welcome） Fu Bao home.These large screen advertisements（2）　were purchased　 （purchase） by dozens of fans.Fu Bao is the first giant panda born in South Korea and a successful case of overseas breeding.Since the 1990s，China （3）　has conducted　 （conduct） giant panda conservation cooperation and research with institutions in other countries.Currently，there are a local of 49 giant pandas abroad.
B
Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors，and self﹣driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. （4）　What　 they can do is no keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely.In this way，traffic violations and fines can be avoided， （5）　which　 can help save costs.Drivers also benefit from the（6）　integration　 （integrate） of Al technology during long trips as they can rest while the car's system takes care of driving.
C
As summer vacation approaches，study tours of primary and middle school students have become popular.
（7）　Absorbed　 （absorb） in academic studies at school，students are left with little room for activities such as practical labor or hands﹣on experience.During the study tours，they come （8）　in　 groups to major attractions，museums and farms to learn while sightseeing.Educational trips offer students precious （9）　opportunities　 （opportunity） to become more independent.By （10）　engaging/being engaged　 （engage） in independent living and problem solving with peers，students can learn to navigate real﹣life situations.
【答案】（1）to welcome （2）were purchased（3）has conducted（4）What （5）which （6）integration （7）Absorbed （8）in （9）opportunities （10）engaging
【分析】A.本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了三件事情：第一段讲述了大熊猫"福宝"从韩国回到成都；第二段讲述了人工智能在驾驶汽车中的运用；第三段讲述了游学的好处。
B.这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大约90%的交通事故是由人为失误造成的，而带有人工智能的自动驾驶汽车旨在解决这一问题，让司机可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。
C.本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了暑假临近，中小学生游学开始流行。
【解答】（1）考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：大屏幕被点亮来欢迎富宝回家。分析句子结构，此处需要填一个非谓语动词，此处需要用不定式作目的状语，故填to welcome。
（2）考查一般过去时。句意：这些大屏广告被几十个粉丝购买。分析句子结构，此处需要填一个谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处需要用被动语态，被动语态的构成为be+done，根据上一句的lit可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，故填were purchased。
（3）考查现在完成时。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中国与其他国家的机构开展了大熊猫保护合作和研究。分析句子结构，此处需要填一个谓语动词，根据时间状语Since the 1990s可知此处需要用现在完成时，现在完成时的构成为have/has+done，主语为第三人称单数，故填has conducted。
（4）考查主语从句。句意：他们所能做的不是通过战略驾驶和安全驾驶来保持车辆硬件的健康。该空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
（5）考查定语从句。句意：这样，可以避免交通违规和罚款，这可以帮助节省成本。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
（6）考查名词。句意：在长途旅行中，司机也受益于人工智能技术的整合，因为他们可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。作介词from的宾语，应用名词integration，不可数。故填integration。
（7）考查过去分词作状语。句意：学生们在学校全神贯注于学术研究，几乎没有活动的空间，如实际劳动或实践经验。分析句子结构，此处需要填一个非谓语动词，根据主要students与absorb构成被动关系，需要用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Absorbed。
（8）考查介词。句意：在游学期间，他们成群结队地来到主要景点、博物馆和农场，边观光边学习。根据空后名词groups可知本空应填介词，come in groups意为"成群而来"，故填in。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：教育旅行为学生提供了变得更加独立的宝贵机会。此处需要填一个名词，因为空格前没有冠词，所以需要用复数形式，故填opportunities。
（10）考查动名词。句意：通过参与独立生活和与同龄人一起解决问题，学生们可以学会驾驭现实生活中的情况。根据空前介词by可知本空应填动名词作宾语。故填engaging。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
五．其他阅读题型（共1小题）
8．（2024春 通州区期末）Exercise plays a very important role in a healthy lifestyle.But you may not have time or money to go to a gym on a regular basis.The good news is that today's technology lets you access fitness classes from the comfort of your home.
A quick Internet search will turn up thousands of online fitness classes.These classes let you listen to instructions and watch trainers demonstrate how to do exercises.You can watch videos on your phone，computer or tablet and do the exercises right where you are.All you need is an Internet connection and a space large enough to move around in.
Online fitness classes take a wide variety of forms.Some focus on stretches and slow movements.Other classes involve fast aerobic activity，while others build muscle strength.Some require equipment such as weights，but others use only your body.This means that you can choose the class you like.And you can try a different one whenever you like.
Some virtual fitness classes require a membership fee，but some are completely free.Anyone can post a fitness video on the Internet.Not everyone knows what they are doing.So it is important to think about who is teaching the class.Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.
I tried some virtual fitness classes several years ago.The reason was simple：convenience.I could do a fitness class at any time of day.I didn't need to travel to a gym and back，which saved me a lot of time.But being able to work out any time meant I kept putting it off.I'd do everything else first and then the day would be over.I'd never actually get around to exercising.Having to exercise at a definite time means I have to put it on my schedule.So for me，scheduled classes such as those at a gym are helpful.
（1）What do people need to have virtual fitness classes？ 　An Internet connection and a enough large space.　
（2）What is the author's suggestion about choosing an instructor while having virtual fitness classes？ 　Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.　
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why. 　This part "on a regular basis"is false.Beacuse the autor could do a fitness class at any time of day.　
The author thinks virtual fitness classes are of great convenience and save a lot of time，so he takes virtual fitness classes on a regular basis.
（4）Do you think virtual fitness classes will become a trend for young people？Why or why not？ （In about 40 words） 　I think so.Because with the acceleration of living pace，people are busy with their work so that they don't have a regular time to do exercises and the virtual fitness classes will be a flexible choice for them.　
【答案】（1）An Internet connection and a enough large space.
（2）Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.
（3）This part "on a regular basis"is false.Beacuse the autor could do a fitness class at any time of day.
（4）I think so.Because with the acceleration of living pace，people are busy with their work so that they don't have a regular time to do exercises and the virtual fitness classes will be a flexible choice for them.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍在线健身课程的种类，选择方法以及优点。
【解答】（1）An Internet connection and a enough large space.细节理解题。定位于第二自然段第三句，可以找到本题的答案：All you need is an Internet connection and a space large enough to move around in.（你所需要的只是一个互联网连接和一个足够大的空间来移动。），故填An Internet connection and a enough large space。
（2）Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.细节理解题。定位于第四自然段最后一句，可以找到本题的答案：Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation.（试着找到一个有良好声誉的组织认证的培训师。），故填Try to find trainers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation。
（3）This part "on a regular basis"is false.Beacuse the autor could do a fitness class at any time of day.细节理解题。根据第五自然段第二句：The reason was simple：convenience.I could do a fitness class at any time of day.（原因很简单：方便。我可以在一天的任何时候上健身课。）可知作者可以在一天当中的任何时间去上健身课，而不是题干中所给出的" on a regular basis"（定期），故填This part "on a regular basis"is false.Beacuse the autor could do a fitness class at any time of day。
（4）I think so.Because with the acceleration of living pace，people are busy with their work so that they don't have a regular time to do exercises and the virtual fitness classes will be a flexible choice for them.开放题。结合现实生活和网上虚拟健身的特点，合理给出个人看法，注意字数的要求。故填）I think so.Because with the acceleration of living pace，people are busy with their work so that they don't have a regular time to do exercises and the virtual fitness classes will be a flexible choice for them。
【点评】阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2024春 东城区期末） 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期你校开展了以"校园安全"为主题的教育活动。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
（1）活动目的；
（2）活动安排及效果。
提示词：校园安全campus safety
注意

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