资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
北京市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 昌平区期末） Bob was a bit of a couch potato，but he had a great sense of humor and loved to make his family and friends laugh.
One day，Bob （1）　 　 he wasn't getting any younger so he decided to join a health club to get in shape and （2）　 　 his family and friends.
Bob arrived at the health club with a big smile on his face，ready to show everyone what he was made of.He （3）　 　 for a membership，and then headed to the weight room.
Bob walked over to the weight bench and attempted to lift the bar.To his surprise，he couldn't even lift it!It was so （4）　 　 that it didn't budge an inch.
Feeling （5）　 　 ，Bob looked around to see if anyone was watching him. （6）　 　 ，his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on.Bob's wife，children，and friends were all gathered around the weight bench，watching him （7）　 　 to lift the bar.His wife smiled and said，"I thought you said you were in shape!"
Bob looked at her and replied，"I AM in shape!Round is a shape，right？"
Everyone burst out laughing，and Bob's embarrassment quickly turned into a （8）　 　 .He continued to work out at the health club，but he never took himself too seriously.He knew the most important thing was to have fun and enjoy the process of getting healthier.
In the end，Bob did get in shape，and his family and friends were proud of him，but they were even prouder of his ability to make them （9）　 　 and bring joy into their lives，even during his most （10）　 　 moments.
（1） A.admitted B.realized C.imagined D.predicted
（2） A.ignore B.comfort C.annoy D.impress
（3） A.made up B.looked up C.signed up D.stayed up
（4） A.heavy B.smooth C.huge D.cold
（5） A.astonished B.embarrassed C.depressed D.confused
（6） A.Finally B.Suddenly C.Unfortunately D.Usually
（7） A.struggle B.pretend C.offer D.hesitate
（8） A.trap B.burden C.magic D.joke
（9） A.forget B.argue C.laugh D.panic
（10） A.pleasant B.awkward C.urgent D.lucky
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 昌平区期末） United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund（UNICEF） works in the world's toughest places to reach the most disadvantaged children and teenagers.Across more than 190 countries，we do whatever it takes to help children survive and grow.
Start your career with UNICEF Internship（实习） Programme and become a champion for every child!
What we offer
Our Internship Programme offers students and recent graduates the opportunity to gain direct work experience.
●Time：Internships can be full﹣time or part﹣time，lasting between six months to one year.
●Salary：You will get paid monthly by UNICEF once your internship starts.
●Fees we cover：One﹣way ticket and visa costs.
Requirements
Your profile could be a good fit if it meets the following requirements：
●Being a college student now，or having graduated from college within the past two years.
●Being fluent in one of UNICEF's working languages：English，French or Chinese.
●Strong communication skills.
Ability to work collaboratively in a multicultural environment.
●Outstanding academic performance.
●Flexibility to adapt to new environments and work under pressure.
●Previous volunteer or work experience in a related field is an advantage but not required.
●No immediate relatives（eg.parents，sister，brother） working with UNICEF.
How to apply
You can find opportunities on our career page.Once you find a position of interest，click on the button"Apply Now"and proceed on the website.
（1）What can UNICEF provide if one is selected？ 　 　
A.A return ticket.
B.Visa documents.
C.A language course.
D.Monthly paid salary.
（2）According to the passage，applicants are required to 　 　 .
A.have related work experience
B.own multicultural backgrounds
C.speak English and French fluently
D.adjust to new environments flexibly
（3）In which section of a website might you find this passage？ 　 　
A.Job﹣hunting.
B.Problem﹣solving.
C.Skill﹣building.
D.Decision﹣making.
3．（2024春 海淀区期末） A theme at this year's World Economic Forum （WEF） meeting was the perceived need to "accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology".Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency，some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence.Yet in various conversations，it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world's problems，scientific research needs to move faster.
The WEF mindset resonates （产生共鸣） with the Silicon Valley dictate—usually credited to Mark Zuckerberg—to move fast and break things.But what if the thing being broken is science？Or public trust？
The WEF meeting took place just a fortnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped down after complaints were made about her scholarship.Gay's troubles came on the heels of the resignation of Stanford University President Mare Tessier﹣Lavigne，after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had "multiple problems".In response.Gay requested corrections to several of her papers；Tessier﹣Lavigne requested retraction （撤回） of three of his.Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are，it's hard to imagine that the spectacle of high﹣profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly.
In recent years we've seen important papers，written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals，retracted because of questionable data or methods.In one interesting case，Frances H.Arnold of the California Institute of Technology，who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry，voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results—but after the paper had been published.In an open apology，she stated that she was "a bit busy" when the paper was submitted and "did not do my job well".Arnold's honesty is admirable，but it raises a question：Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right？
The problem is not unique to the U.S.In Europe，formal research assessments—which are used to allocate future funding—have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output.Due to the fact that the existing system has created a counterincentive to advancement in science，a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity.
Good science takes time.Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher's identification of the DNA molecule and suggestion that it might be involved in inheritance and the elucidation of its double﹣helix structure in the 1950s.And it took just about half a century for geologist and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift.
There's plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to.Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co﹣authorship （papers，but it also suggests that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality.Researched may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust.
（1）What can we learn from the first three paragraphs？ 　 　
A.Tessier﹣Lavigne resigned from Sandford after Gay stepped down.
B.Gay gave back her scholarships due to students' complaints.
C.Faster scientific development has led to climate change.
D.Public trust in science may have already been shaken.
（2）Why is the example of Frances H.Arnold mentioned in Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.To question the works of Nobel Prize winners.
B.To show the practice of paper retraction is common.
C.To indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush.
D.To highlight scientists' quality of honesty in academia.
（3）The underlined word "counterincentive" in Paragraph 5 refers to a （n） 　 　 factor.
A.unfair
B.indecisive
C.discouraging
D.irrational
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.The Danger of Fast Science
B.The Battle between Quality and Quantity
C.The Crisis among Top Scientists
D.The Principle behind Research Assessments
4．（2024春 石景山区期末）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home？People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight．A recent research has found a new recipe（方法） for success．According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young （less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs），it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly．Two﹣thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog．
However，it wasn't all sweetness and light．There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes．One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite．For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission（屈服）．
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully，researchers observed a surprising behavior．They are learning how to talk each other's language．It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk"Dog"，and dogs can learn how to talk"Cat"．
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence．They can learn to read each other's body signals，suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected．Once familiar with each other's presence and body language，cats and dogs can play together，greet each other nose to nose，and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa．They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom（梳理） each other．
The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets﹣to people who don't get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers．If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance．
（1）The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 　 　 ．
A．early B．smoothly C．quickly D．painfully
（2）Some cats and dogs may fight when 　 　 ．
A．they misunderstand each other's signals
B．they look away from each other
C．they are cold to each other
D．they are introduced at an early age
（3）What is found surprising about cats and dogs？ 　 　
A．They eat and sleep together．
B．They know something from each other's voices．
C．They learn to speak each other's language．
D．They observe each other's behaviors．
（4）What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs？ 　 　
A．We should learn to live in harmony．
B．We should know more about animals．
C．We should learn more body languages．
D．We should live in peace with animals．
5．（2024春 丰台区期末） The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling.But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone.The new study，published today in the journal Nature Geoscience，is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage.
The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid﹣ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016.By examining the position of the epicenter（震中）and the energy released by each shaking phase，Stephen Hicks，an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study，identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake：The quake initially headed eastward，but then turned back west. "This was weird，"he says.This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly，at so﹣called supershear speeds.The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11，000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18.5 minutes，so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom.
How often does this happen？A boomerang quake at supershear speeds，as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic，may be a fairly rare type.But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting.These back﹣tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments."The theory says that it's there，but it's quite difficult to see that [in the real world]，"says Hicks.The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured（破裂）in a similar process.For that event，the initial shake triggered two other quakes，one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present."Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured，how future earthquakes may rupture，and how that relates to the potential impact for faults（断层）near populated areas，"says Hicks.
These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes，which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. "Naturally we're not looking for it，we don't expect it to exist，"Hicks says.Yet for earthquakes，it seems，complexities might be the norm rather than the exception.As Hicks puts it："The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail，of course we see stranger things."
（1）A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because 　 　
A.it moves at a super﹣fast speed
B.it triggers several small quakes
C.it releases immeasurable energy
D.it shakes in two opposite directions
（2）From the passage，we can learn that 　 　
A.the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted
B.boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood
C.boomerang events are commonplace in the real world
D.common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs
（3）What does the underlined phrase"grappling with"in paragraph 4 probably mean？ 　 　
A.putting off
B.coping with
C.bringing about
D.fighting against
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024春 昌平区期末） As we carefully select our outfits each day，we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood，behavior，and even how others understand us.
（1）　 　 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities.When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable，we are more likely to make a positive impression on others.
Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas（画布）. （2）　 　 Whether it's a vintage﹣inspired dress or a bold graphic tee，our clothes become a reflection of who we are.Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like﹣minded individuals.
Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your food？ （3）　 　 For instance，bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. （4）　 　 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day.
Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes.For example，wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it's time to focus and be productive，while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. （5）　 　
So，the next time you dress up，remember the huge influence your outfit can have，and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion.
A.Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses.
B.Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job.
C.On the other hand，wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness.
D.Thus，the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead.
E.It allows us to express our beliefs，interests，and emotions without saying a single word.
F.Choosing the right for specific occasions can，therefore，enhance our performance and efficiency.
G.The phrase "dress for success holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self﹣confidence.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 石景山区期末）
A
My father always tells me not to gossip （八卦） about others behind their backs.When in middle school，I once （1）　 　 （compete） with another classmate，Amy，for the monitor.To gain an advantage，I invited some classmates to my home and gossiped a lot about Amy. （2）　 　 （hear） what I said，my father told me， "When your forefinger （3）　 　 （point） at others' back，you have other three fingers pointing at （4）　 　 （you） and fighting back with triple power."
B
Rereading stories is good fun.You already know（5）　 　 is going to happen，so when you reread it，you can imagine you are in the setting of the story.It gives you an opportunity to think about whether the book has a moral or a （6）　 　 （deep） meaning.Stories can help you deal with your emotions as well.Rereading them is another way to feel good emotions and stop （7）　 　 （feel） annoyed.There's always something new to find out when you reread it.
C
Your personality defines you.Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts，feelings and behaviours（8）　 　 make a person unique.Understanding personality allows us （9）　 　 （predict） how people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value.For example，an outgoing person may jump for joy when faced with new experiences，while a shy person may feel （10）　 　 （embarrass） in front of a large group of people.
五．其他阅读题型（共1小题）
8．（2024春 丰台区期末）
What We Really Know About ASMR
If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok，you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone，carefully slicing stacks of slime，or slowly ripping strips of paper.These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian（经络）response，or ASMR，a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.
Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood，relaxation，and even pain relief.But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video？A systematic review published seeks to answer that question.German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first，where did this idea come from？There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s.The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health﹣focused website in2007.A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010.
Based on the previous studies，the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering，tapping，and natural sounds，and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals.They also explored its benefits.Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.Data also shows that it can improve short﹣term memory.In specific cases，participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure，physical signals of relaxation.In addition，they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief.
Despite the encouraging results，the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants；more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR.
Luckily，it's true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair，whispering，and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief.The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects.So if you're feeling anxious or stressed，it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help!
（1）What is an autonomous sensory meridian response（ASMR）？ 　 　
（2）According to the studies，what benefits can ASMR bring us？ 　 　
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
＞Although triggers of ASMR are different，they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 　 　
（4）Besides watching ASMR videos，what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed？ 　 　
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2024春 朝阳区期末） 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办"校园科技节"，现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
（1）阐述申请理由；
（2）介绍个人优势。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：Science and Technology Festival
Dear Sir/Madam，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
北京市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 昌平区期末） Bob was a bit of a couch potato，but he had a great sense of humor and loved to make his family and friends laugh.
One day，Bob （1）　B　 he wasn't getting any younger so he decided to join a health club to get in shape and （2）　D　 his family and friends.
Bob arrived at the health club with a big smile on his face，ready to show everyone what he was made of.He （3）　C　 for a membership，and then headed to the weight room.
Bob walked over to the weight bench and attempted to lift the bar.To his surprise，he couldn't even lift it!It was so （4）　A　 that it didn't budge an inch.
Feeling （5）　B　 ，Bob looked around to see if anyone was watching him. （6）　C　 ，his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on.Bob's wife，children，and friends were all gathered around the weight bench，watching him （7）　A　 to lift the bar.His wife smiled and said，"I thought you said you were in shape!"
Bob looked at her and replied，"I AM in shape!Round is a shape，right？"
Everyone burst out laughing，and Bob's embarrassment quickly turned into a （8）　D　 .He continued to work out at the health club，but he never took himself too seriously.He knew the most important thing was to have fun and enjoy the process of getting healthier.
In the end，Bob did get in shape，and his family and friends were proud of him，but they were even prouder of his ability to make them （9）　C　 and bring joy into their lives，even during his most （10）　B　 moments.
（1） A.admitted B.realized C.imagined D.predicted
（2） A.ignore B.comfort C.annoy D.impress
（3） A.made up B.looked up C.signed up D.stayed up
（4） A.heavy B.smooth C.huge D.cold
（5） A.astonished B.embarrassed C.depressed D.confused
（6） A.Finally B.Suddenly C.Unfortunately D.Usually
（7） A.struggle B.pretend C.offer D.hesitate
（8） A.trap B.burden C.magic D.joke
（9） A.forget B.argue C.laugh D.panic
（10） A.pleasant B.awkward C.urgent D.lucky
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）BDCAB （6）﹣（10）CADCB
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了鲍勃不仅成功塑形，还始终保持乐观的态度，让家人和朋友感到骄傲，尤其是在他最尴尬的时刻，依然能为他们带来欢笑和快乐。
【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.admitted允许；B.realized意识到；C.imagined想象；D.predicted预测。句意：有一天，鲍勃意识到他不再年轻了，所以他决定加入一个健身俱乐部来保持身材，给家人和朋友留下深刻印象。根据空后he wasn't getting any younger可知有一天，鲍勃意识到他不再年轻了。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.ignore忽略；B.comfort安慰；C.annoy使生气；D.impress留下印象。句意：有一天，鲍勃意识到他不再年轻了，所以他决定加入一个健身俱乐部来保持身材，给家人和朋友留下深刻印象。根据空前he decided to join a health club to get in shape可知他决定加入一个健身俱乐部来保持身材，目的是给家人和朋友留下深刻印象。故答案为D。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.made up组成；B.looked up查找；C.signed up报名参加，注册；D.stayed up熬夜。句意：他注册了会员，然后去了健身房。根据常识和空后for a membership可知他注册了会员，然后去了健身房。故答案为C。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.heavy重的；B.smooth顺利的；C.huge巨大的；D.cold冷的。句意：它太重了，一点也没动。根据常识和空后that it didn't budge an inch可知一点也没动。说明它太重了，故答案为A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.astonished惊讶的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.depressed压抑的；D.confused困惑的。句意：感到尴尬，鲍勃环顾四周，看看是否有人在看他。根据前文To his surprise，he couldn't even lift it!可知令他惊讶的是，他甚至举不起它！说明他非常尴尬。故答案为B。
（6）考查副词及语境理解。A.Finally最后；B.Suddenly突然；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Usually通常地。句意：不幸的是，他的家人和朋友都决定那天来健身俱乐部为他加油。根据下句his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on.Bob's wife，children，and friends were all gathered around the weight bench，watching him （7）to lift the bar可知鲍勃的妻子、孩子和朋友都聚集在举重台周围，看着他艰难地举起杠铃。说明这是非常不幸的。故答案为C。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.struggle奋斗，努力；B.pretend假装；C.offer提供；D.hesitate犹豫。句意：鲍勃的妻子、孩子和朋友都聚集在举重台周围，看着他艰难地举起杠铃。根据前文To his surprise，he couldn't even lift it!可知令他惊讶的是，他甚至举不起它！说明他艰难地举起杠铃。故答案为A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.trap陷阱；B.burden负担；C.magic魔力；D.joke玩笑。句意：大家哄堂大笑，鲍勃的尴尬很快变成了笑话。根据上句Everyone burst out laughing可知大家哄堂大笑，说明鲍勃的尴尬很快变成了笑话。故答案为D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.forget忘记；B.argue争论；C.laugh笑；D.panic恐慌。句意：最后，鲍勃确实恢复了健康，他的家人和朋友都为他感到骄傲，但他们更为他能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来欢乐感到骄傲，即使是在他最尴尬的时候。根据前文Everyone burst out laughing，and Bob's embarrassment quickly turned into a （8）.可知大家哄堂大笑，鲍勃的尴尬很快变成了笑话。说明他们更为他能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来欢乐感到骄傲，故答案为C。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.pleasant高兴的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.urgent紧急的；D.lucky幸运的。句意：最后，鲍勃确实恢复了健康，他的家人和朋友都为他感到骄傲，但他们更为他能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来欢乐感到骄傲，即使是在他最尴尬的时候。根据前文Feeling （5），Bob looked around to see if anyone was watching him可知感到尴尬，鲍勃环顾四周，看看是否有人在看他。说明他们更为他能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来欢乐感到骄傲，即使是在他最尴尬的时候。故答案为B。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 昌平区期末） United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund（UNICEF） works in the world's toughest places to reach the most disadvantaged children and teenagers.Across more than 190 countries，we do whatever it takes to help children survive and grow.
Start your career with UNICEF Internship（实习） Programme and become a champion for every child!
What we offer
Our Internship Programme offers students and recent graduates the opportunity to gain direct work experience.
●Time：Internships can be full﹣time or part﹣time，lasting between six months to one year.
●Salary：You will get paid monthly by UNICEF once your internship starts.
●Fees we cover：One﹣way ticket and visa costs.
Requirements
Your profile could be a good fit if it meets the following requirements：
●Being a college student now，or having graduated from college within the past two years.
●Being fluent in one of UNICEF's working languages：English，French or Chinese.
●Strong communication skills.
Ability to work collaboratively in a multicultural environment.
●Outstanding academic performance.
●Flexibility to adapt to new environments and work under pressure.
●Previous volunteer or work experience in a related field is an advantage but not required.
●No immediate relatives（eg.parents，sister，brother） working with UNICEF.
How to apply
You can find opportunities on our career page.Once you find a position of interest，click on the button"Apply Now"and proceed on the website.
（1）What can UNICEF provide if one is selected？ 　D　
A.A return ticket.
B.Visa documents.
C.A language course.
D.Monthly paid salary.
（2）According to the passage，applicants are required to 　D　 .
A.have related work experience
B.own multicultural backgrounds
C.speak English and French fluently
D.adjust to new environments flexibly
（3）In which section of a website might you find this passage？ 　A　
A.Job﹣hunting.
B.Problem﹣solving.
C.Skill﹣building.
D.Decision﹣making.
【答案】DDA
【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了联合国儿童基金会的一项为学生和应届毕业生提供的实习项目的相关信息。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据What we offer部分的Salary：You will get paid monthly by UNICEF once your internship starts（工资：实习开始后，联合国儿童基金会将按月支付工资），可知如果被选中，联合国儿童基金会可以提供月薪，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Ability to work collaboratively in a multicultural environment部分的Flexibility to adapt to new environments and work under pressure（适应新环境和在压力下工作的灵活性），可知申请人需要能够灵活适应新环境，故选D。
（3）文章出处题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段Start your career with UNICEF Internship（实习） Programme and become a champion for every child（从联合国儿童基金会实习计划开始你的职业生涯，成为每个孩子的保护者），可知你可能会在网站的求职部分找到这篇文章，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024春 海淀区期末） A theme at this year's World Economic Forum （WEF） meeting was the perceived need to "accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology".Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency，some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence.Yet in various conversations，it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world's problems，scientific research needs to move faster.
The WEF mindset resonates （产生共鸣） with the Silicon Valley dictate—usually credited to Mark Zuckerberg—to move fast and break things.But what if the thing being broken is science？Or public trust？
The WEF meeting took place just a fortnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped down after complaints were made about her scholarship.Gay's troubles came on the heels of the resignation of Stanford University President Mare Tessier﹣Lavigne，after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had "multiple problems".In response.Gay requested corrections to several of her papers；Tessier﹣Lavigne requested retraction （撤回） of three of his.Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are，it's hard to imagine that the spectacle of high﹣profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly.
In recent years we've seen important papers，written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals，retracted because of questionable data or methods.In one interesting case，Frances H.Arnold of the California Institute of Technology，who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry，voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results—but after the paper had been published.In an open apology，she stated that she was "a bit busy" when the paper was submitted and "did not do my job well".Arnold's honesty is admirable，but it raises a question：Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right？
The problem is not unique to the U.S.In Europe，formal research assessments—which are used to allocate future funding—have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output.Due to the fact that the existing system has created a counterincentive to advancement in science，a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity.
Good science takes time.Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher's identification of the DNA molecule and suggestion that it might be involved in inheritance and the elucidation of its double﹣helix structure in the 1950s.And it took just about half a century for geologist and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift.
There's plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to.Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co﹣authorship （papers，but it also suggests that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality.Researched may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust.
（1）What can we learn from the first three paragraphs？ 　D　
A.Tessier﹣Lavigne resigned from Sandford after Gay stepped down.
B.Gay gave back her scholarships due to students' complaints.
C.Faster scientific development has led to climate change.
D.Public trust in science may have already been shaken.
（2）Why is the example of Frances H.Arnold mentioned in Paragraph 4？ 　C　
A.To question the works of Nobel Prize winners.
B.To show the practice of paper retraction is common.
C.To indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush.
D.To highlight scientists' quality of honesty in academia.
（3）The underlined word "counterincentive" in Paragraph 5 refers to a （n） 　C　 factor.
A.unfair
B.indecisive
C.discouraging
D.irrational
（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　A　
A.The Danger of Fast Science
B.The Battle between Quality and Quantity
C.The Crisis among Top Scientists
D.The Principle behind Research Assessments
【答案】DCCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are，it's hard to imagine that the spectacle of high﹣profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly.（虽然可能无法确定这些问题到底有多普遍，但很难想象，高调的学者纠正和撤回论文的场面没有对公众对科学的信任产生负面影响，甚至可能对专家产生广泛的影响）可知，公众对科学的信任可能已经动摇了。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段In recent years we've seen important papers，written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals，retracted because of questionable data or methods.In one interesting case，Frances H.Arnold of the California Institute of Technology，who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry，voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results—but after the paper had been published.In an open apology，she stated that she was "a bit busy" when the paper was submitted and "did not do my job well".Arnold's honesty is admirable，but it raises a question：Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right？（近年来，我们看到一些由杰出科学家撰写并发表在知名期刊上的重要论文，因为数据或方法存在问题而被撤回。一个有趣的例子是，加州理工学院的Frances H.Arnold分享了2018年诺贝尔化学奖，当她的实验室无法复制她的结果时，她自愿撤回了一篇论文——但这篇论文已经发表了。在一次公开道歉中，她表示，提交论文时她"有点忙"，"没有做好我的工作"。Arnold的诚实令人钦佩，但这也提出了一个问题：在竞争激烈的大学里，学者们真的花时间做好自己的工作吗？）可知，第四段提到了Frances H.Arnold的例子是为了表明即使是有影响力的科学家也很着急完成论文。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词后文to advancement in science，a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity（为了科学的进步，一场改革正在进行，要求强调质量而不是数量）可知，正在进行重质量、轻数量的改革，说明现行制度对科学进步的作用令人沮丧。故划线词意思是"令人沮丧的"。A.unfair不公平的；B.indecisive优柔寡断的；C.discouraging令人沮丧的；D.irrational不合理的。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段A theme at this year's World Economic Forum （WEF） meeting was the perceived need to "accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology".Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency，some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence.Yet in various conversations，it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world's problems，scientific research needs to move faster.（今年世界经济论坛会议的一个主题是人们认为有必要"加速研究和技术的突破"。其中一些框架是由气候紧急情况推动的，另一些是由可生成人工智能带来的机遇和挑战推动的。然而，在各种对话中，人们似乎理所当然地认为，要解决世界上的问题，科学研究需要加快步伐）可知文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。因此A.The Danger of Fast Science"快速科学的危险"最符合文章标题。故选A。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4．（2024春 石景山区期末）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home？People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight．A recent research has found a new recipe（方法） for success．According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young （less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs），it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly．Two﹣thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog．
However，it wasn't all sweetness and light．There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes．One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite．For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission（屈服）．
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully，researchers observed a surprising behavior．They are learning how to talk each other's language．It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk"Dog"，and dogs can learn how to talk"Cat"．
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence．They can learn to read each other's body signals，suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected．Once familiar with each other's presence and body language，cats and dogs can play together，greet each other nose to nose，and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa．They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom（梳理） each other．
The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets﹣to people who don't get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers．If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance．
（1）The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 　B　 ．
A．early B．smoothly C．quickly D．painfully
（2）Some cats and dogs may fight when 　A　 ．
A．they misunderstand each other's signals
B．they look away from each other
C．they are cold to each other
D．they are introduced at an early age
（3）What is found surprising about cats and dogs？ 　C　
A．They eat and sleep together．
B．They know something from each other's voices．
C．They learn to speak each other's language．
D．They observe each other's behaviors．
（4）What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs？ 　A　
A．We should learn to live in harmony．
B．We should know more about animals．
C．We should learn more body languages．
D．We should live in peace with animals．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文，大意是说明科学家们研究发现：猫和狗能否和谐相处主要由它们最初在一起的年龄来决定，猫狗学会了对方的语言，他们似乎开发了智力，能读懂对方的肢体信号，对对方有了更多的了解，就可以和睦相处．由此推断，我们人类能偶借鉴它们的关系，我们人与人之间也应当可以学会和睦相处．
【解答】（1）B 词义猜测．由本句的前句两句"…they will fight．A recent research has found a new recipe of success"的逻辑关系，特别是new一词，我们知道，两者"相处得好"；再由本句后面一句中的"a positive relationship between their cat and dog"可以进一步确定猫狗"相处得好"，故选B．
（2）A 推理判断．由第二段第二﹣四句．There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes．One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite．For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission（屈服）．可知．他们打架的原因之一是他们的身体信号（身势语）是相反的，如猫将头偏开意味着要进攻，而狗将头偏开则意味着投降．由此推知，两者会因身势语不同产生误会，结果就会打起来．故选A．
（3）C 细节理解．由第三段It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk"Dog"，and dogs can learn how to talk"Cat"．可知．他们学会了讲对方的语言（body signals），即懂得对方的身体信号．
（4）A 推理判断．由最后一段，特别是最后一句If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance．可以推知．理解句子本意：如果猫和狗都可以学会和睦相处，人与人之间就一定能有可能（和睦相处）；据此推断：既然人与人之间就一定能有可能（和睦相处），我们为什么不学会和睦相处呢？即"我们应该学会和睦相处"．
【点评】做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细节或概括相应的答案，最后要理清作者写作思路．
5．（2024春 丰台区期末） The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling.But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone.The new study，published today in the journal Nature Geoscience，is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage.
The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid﹣ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016.By examining the position of the epicenter（震中）and the energy released by each shaking phase，Stephen Hicks，an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study，identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake：The quake initially headed eastward，but then turned back west. "This was weird，"he says.This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly，at so﹣called supershear speeds.The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11，000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18.5 minutes，so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom.
How often does this happen？A boomerang quake at supershear speeds，as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic，may be a fairly rare type.But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting.These back﹣tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments."The theory says that it's there，but it's quite difficult to see that [in the real world]，"says Hicks.The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured（破裂）in a similar process.For that event，the initial shake triggered two other quakes，one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present."Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured，how future earthquakes may rupture，and how that relates to the potential impact for faults（断层）near populated areas，"says Hicks.
These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes，which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. "Naturally we're not looking for it，we don't expect it to exist，"Hicks says.Yet for earthquakes，it seems，complexities might be the norm rather than the exception.As Hicks puts it："The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail，of course we see stranger things."
（1）A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because 　D　
A.it moves at a super﹣fast speed
B.it triggers several small quakes
C.it releases immeasurable energy
D.it shakes in two opposite directions
（2）From the passage，we can learn that 　B　
A.the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted
B.boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood
C.boomerang events are commonplace in the real world
D.common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs
（3）What does the underlined phrase"grappling with"in paragraph 4 probably mean？ 　B　
A.putting off
B.coping with
C.bringing about
D.fighting against
【答案】DBB
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了回旋镖地震（boomerang quake）的特性和潜在影响。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的By examining the position of the epicenter（震中）and the energy released by each shaking phase，Stephen Hicks，an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study，identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake：The quake initially headed eastward，but then turned back west（通过检查震中的位置和每个震动阶段释放的能量，伦敦帝国理工学院地震学家、这项新研究的第一作者Stephen Hicks确定了地震的两个步骤：地震最初向东移动，但随后转向西），可知回旋镖地震与其他地震的不同在于它朝两个相反的方向摇晃，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段的"The theory says that it's there，but it's quite difficult to see that [in the real world]，"says Hicks.（希克斯说："理论上说它就在那里，但（在现实世界中）很难明白到这一点。"）可知，回旋镖太复杂了，无法完全理解。故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段的Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present.（了解这些回力镖事件发生的时间和原因对于应对地震带来的风险至关重要。）可知，"grappling with"意为"应对"。A.putting off推迟；B.coping with应对；C.bringing about带来；D.fighting against和......斗争。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024春 昌平区期末） As we carefully select our outfits each day，we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood，behavior，and even how others understand us.
（1）　G　 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities.When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable，we are more likely to make a positive impression on others.
Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas（画布）. （2）　E　 Whether it's a vintage﹣inspired dress or a bold graphic tee，our clothes become a reflection of who we are.Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like﹣minded individuals.
Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your food？ （3）　A　 For instance，bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. （4）　C　 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day.
Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes.For example，wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it's time to focus and be productive，while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. （5）　F　
So，the next time you dress up，remember the huge influence your outfit can have，and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion.
A.Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses.
B.Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job.
C.On the other hand，wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness.
D.Thus，the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead.
E.It allows us to express our beliefs，interests，and emotions without saying a single word.
F.Choosing the right for specific occasions can，therefore，enhance our performance and efficiency.
G.The phrase "dress for success holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self﹣confidence.
【答案】GEACF
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了我们的服装选择对我们的情绪、行为甚至他人如何理解我们的影响。
【解答】（1）段落大意题。根据下文Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities（研究表明，穿着得体会显著影响我们对自己和自己能力的感觉。）可知本空应该与穿着有关。因此G项""为成功而着装"这句话适用于服装对自信的影响。"符合语境。故选G。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文Whether it's a vintage﹣inspired dress or a bold graphic tee，our clothes become a reflection of who we are.（无论是复古风格的连衣裙还是大胆的图案t恤，我们的衣服都是我们的写照。）可知我们穿的衣服能够体现我们的每个方面。因此E项"它让我们不用说一个字就能表达我们的信仰、兴趣和情感。"符合语境。故选E。
（3）联系下文题。根据下文For instance，bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. （例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以振奋我们的精神，带来幸福感。）可知服装的颜色与我们的情绪有关。因此A项"服装能引起各种情绪反应。"符合语境。故选A。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文For instance，bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. （例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以振奋我们的精神，带来幸福感。）可知本句应该说深色的衣服与情绪的关系。因此C项"另一方面，穿深色可能会给人一种严肃的感觉。"符合语境。故选C。
（5）联系上文题。根据上文For example，wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it's time to focus and be productive，while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. （例如，穿正式的商务套装可能会向大脑发出信号，是时候集中注意力，提高效率了，而更休闲的服装可能会鼓励更休闲的方式。）可知场合与服装有密切的关系。因此F项"因此，为特定场合选择合适的方式可以增强我们的洞察力和效率。"符合语境。故选F。
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 石景山区期末）
A
My father always tells me not to gossip （八卦） about others behind their backs.When in middle school，I once （1）　competed　 （compete） with another classmate，Amy，for the monitor.To gain an advantage，I invited some classmates to my home and gossiped a lot about Amy. （2）　Having heard/ Hearing　 （hear） what I said，my father told me， "When your forefinger （3）　points/is pointing　 （point） at others' back，you have other three fingers pointing at （4）　yourself　 （you） and fighting back with triple power."
B
Rereading stories is good fun.You already know（5）　what　 is going to happen，so when you reread it，you can imagine you are in the setting of the story.It gives you an opportunity to think about whether the book has a moral or a （6）　deeper　 （deep） meaning.Stories can help you deal with your emotions as well.Rereading them is another way to feel good emotions and stop （7）　feeling　 （feel） annoyed.There's always something new to find out when you reread it.
C
Your personality defines you.Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts，feelings and behaviours（8）　which/that　 make a person unique.Understanding personality allows us （9）　to predict　 （predict） how people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value.For example，an outgoing person may jump for joy when faced with new experiences，while a shy person may feel （10）　embarrassed　 （embarrass） in front of a large group of people.
【答案】（1）competed（2）Having heard/ Hearing（3）points/is pointing（4）yourself（5）what（6）deeper（7）feeling（8）which/that（9）to predict（10）embarrassed
【分析】这是三个片段：A 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了父亲教导我不要在背后说别人的闲话。B 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了重读故事的好处。C 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是人格和理解人格的作用。
【解答】（1）考查动词时态。句意：在中学的时候，我曾经和另一个同学艾米竞争班长。分析句子可知，compete（竞争）是句中谓语动词，与主语I之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语When in middle school，应使用一般过去时态。故填competed。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说："当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。"。分析句子可知，hear是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语my father之间是主动关系，结合句意，"（hear） what I said"可以理解为发生在"my father told me"之前，用现在分词的完成式having heard，表示主动和已经发生，也可以理解为与"my father told me"同时发生，用现在分词的一般式hearing，表主动和同时发生，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Having heard/ Hearing。
（3）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说："当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。"。分析句子可知，point是时间状语从句中谓语动词，与主语your forefinger之间是主动关系，结合句意，父亲的话"your forefinger （point） at others' back"可以理解为普遍现象，用一般现在时，也可以理解为强调正发生，用现在进行时，主语your forefinger是单数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填points/is pointing。
（4）考查反身代词。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说："当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。"。根据句意可知，"你用你的另外三个手指指着自己"，其中施动者和动作承受者都是"你自己"，应用反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。
（5）考查宾语从句。句意：你已经知道了会发生什么。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，由句意可知表示"什么"，因而用what引导。故填what。
（6）考查形容词比较级。句意：它使你有机会思考这本书是有道德意义还是有更深的含义。表示比第一次读更深的含义，所以用形容词比较级作定语修饰名词，故填deeper。
（7）考查。句意：重读它们是另一种感受良好情绪和停止烦恼的方式。stop doing表示"停止做某事"，因此设空处需填入动名词。故填feeling。
（8）考查定语从句。句意：人格是使一个人独一无二的思想、情感和行为的特征模式。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词patterns是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：理解人格可以让我们预测人们对特定情况的反应，以及他们的喜好和价值。allow sb.to do sth.是动词短语，意为"允许某人做某事"，因此空格处是不定式to predict作宾补，故填to predict。
（10）考查形容词。句意：例如，一个外向的人在面对新的经历时可能会高兴得跳起来，而一个害羞的人可能会在一大群人面前感到尴尬。feel后跟形容词作表语，修饰person用V﹣ed构成的形容词，即embarrassed，意为"感到尴尬的"，故填embarrassed。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
五．其他阅读题型（共1小题）
8．（2024春 丰台区期末）
What We Really Know About ASMR
If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok，you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone，carefully slicing stacks of slime，or slowly ripping strips of paper.These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian（经络）response，or ASMR，a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.
Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood，relaxation，and even pain relief.But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video？A systematic review published seeks to answer that question.German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first，where did this idea come from？There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s.The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health﹣focused website in2007.A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010.
Based on the previous studies，the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering，tapping，and natural sounds，and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals.They also explored its benefits.Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.Data also shows that it can improve short﹣term memory.In specific cases，participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure，physical signals of relaxation.In addition，they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief.
Despite the encouraging results，the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants；more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR.
Luckily，it's true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair，whispering，and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief.The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects.So if you're feeling anxious or stressed，it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help!
（1）What is an autonomous sensory meridian response（ASMR）？ 　（ASMR/It is） a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.　
（2）According to the studies，what benefits can ASMR bring us？ 　It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short﹣term memory.　
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
＞Although triggers of ASMR are different，they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 　Although triggers of ASMR are different， they may cause reactions of similar intensity among people.According to the passage，the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals.　
（4）Besides watching ASMR videos，what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed？ 　Possible version 1：Time permitting，I can take a city walk in a strange place.Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress.With a light heart，I can face my problem more readily. （41 w） Possible version 2：I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends.Through an in﹣depth chat，I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. （34 w）　
【答案】（1）（ASMR/It is） a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.
（2）It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short﹣term memory.
（3）Although triggers of ASMR are different， they may cause reactions of similar intensity among people.According to the passage，the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals.
（4）Possible version 1：Time permitting，I can take a city walk in a strange place.Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress.With a light heart，I can face my problem more readily. （41 w） Possible version 2：I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends.Through an in﹣depth chat，I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. （34 w）
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了自主感官经络反应（ASMR）的概念、其常见触发因素、对身心健康的潜在益处，以及目前研究存在的局限性。
【解答】（1）细节理解。由文章第一段中These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian （经络） response，or ASMR，a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. （这些视频旨在触发自主感觉经络反应，即ASMR，一种愉快的感觉，从头顶向下到颈部后部，再到脊柱上部。）可知，自主感官经络反应（ASMR）是一种令人愉快的感觉，从头顶向下延伸至颈部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案为：（ASMR/It is） a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.Data also shows that it can improve short﹣term memory.In specific cases，participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure，physical signals of relaxation.In addition，they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. （明确的证据表明，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑。数据还显示，它可以改善短期记忆。在特定情况下，观看ASMR视频的参与者心率和血压较低，这是放松的身体信号。此外，他们还发现ASMR会触发与放松和减压相关的大脑活动模式。）可知，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑，改善短期记忆。故答案为：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short﹣term memory.
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中Based on the previous studies，the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering，tapping，and natural sounds，and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. （基于之前的研究，研究人员得出结论，触发因素包括耳语、敲击声和自然声音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具体触发因素和反应强度因人而异。）可知，不同人对相同触发因素的反应强度可能不同，而非相似。因此，错误部分为："they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people （它们可能会在不同人中引起相似强度的反应）"，因为实际上反应强度是因人而异的。故答案为：Although triggers of ASMR are different， they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people.According to the passage，the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals.
（4）开放性问题。如果时间允许，我可以到一个陌生的地方去城市散步。在一个新地方漫无目的地游荡会让我精神焕发，把我的注意力从导致我压力的原因上转移开。心情轻松，我可以更容易地面对我的问题。故答案为：Possible version 1：Time permitting，I can take a city walk in a strange place.Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress.With a light heart，I can face my problem more readily. （41 w）
Possible version 2：I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends.Through an in﹣depth chat，I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. （34 w）
【点评】阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2024春 朝阳区期末） 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办"校园科技节"，现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
（1）阐述申请理由；
（2）介绍个人优势。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：Science and Technology Festival
Dear Sir/Madam，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua from senior grade 2.I am writing to apply for the volunteer position at the upcoming Science and Technology Festival of our school.
I have always been passionate about science and technology，and I believe that participating in this festival will provide me with an excellent opportunity to learn and grow.
My proficiency in English allows me to communicate fluently with others.In my previous volunteering experiences，I assisted in setting up exhibition booths，managing crowds，and providing information to visitors.So I am confident that my skills and experience will contribute to the success of Science and Technology Festival.
Thank you for considering my application.I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一：I have always been passionate about science and technology，and I believe that participating in this festival will provide me with an excellent opportunity to learn and grow.
译文：我一直对科学技术充满热情，我相信参加这个节日将为我提供一个学习和成长的绝佳机会。
分析：这句话使用了and连接并列句，that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：So I am confident that my skills and experience will contribute to the success of Science and Technology Festival.
译文：因此，我相信我的技能和经验将为科技节的成功做出贡献。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的宾语从句。
【解答】Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua from senior grade 2.I am writing to apply for the volunteer position at the upcoming Science and Technology Festival of our school.（写信目的）
I have always been passionate about science and technology，and I believe that participating in this festival will provide me wi

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