资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上海市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．选择题（共10小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）The 28th Shanghai TV Festival，to be held from June 19 to 23，will be to include a variety of events，including exhibitions，a TV market and forums，through which overseas buyers may tap into original Chinese productions，giving them global exposure.（　　）
A．employed B．recognized
C．programmed D．displayed
2．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）The rare first edition of the novel，with a limited ______，was found to be in ______ of a private collector who had safeguarded it for decades.（　　）
A．circulation…possession
B．circulation…the possession
C．publication…possession
D．publication…the possession
3．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末）_________ in the northwest of China， Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization．（　　）
A．Locating B．Being located
C．To locate D．Located
4．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）The name Victoria is German in ___________ .Legend has it that the ruling Regent（摄政王） was so angry at the birth of the princess，he refused to give her a royal name，so the new﹣born baby had to be named after her German mother，thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.（　　）
A． nature B． origin C． source D． resource
5．（2023春 奉贤区校级期末）I heard many different accents in the room，but none__________ I could identify as British.（　　）
A．of which B．of them C．which D．whose
6．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）Seismologists（地震学家） have been measuring vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth's surface.But their instruments also ___________ vibrations from noisy human activities，like heavy footfall in crowded pedestrian areas，vehicle traffic，industrial operations and excited stadium crowds causing "football quakes".（　　）
A． pick up B． play out C． point out D． put up
7．（2022春 奉贤区校级期末）When Sally saw the woman wearing a funny hat that looked like a lighthouse，she ________ laughter.（　　）
A．broke down B．broke up
C．broke into D．broke in
8．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）In the midst of the ______，characterized by job losses and market volatility，it's not uncommon for businesses to lose ______ of their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape.（　　）
A．depression…track
B．recession…touch
C．possession…trace
D．progression…pursuit
9．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）As the applause died ______，the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation.（　　）
A．off B．out C．down D．up
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Upon entering the bakery，they were ______ by the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries，their mouths instantly watering.（　　）
A．evoked B．occupied C．greeted D．consumed
二．完形填空（共1小题）
11．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer
Thinking about skipping vacation days？Don't.One of the longest follow﹣up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life.
And if you think your spin classes（动感单车课程）and clean eating will make up for （1）　 　 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam﹣packed，hard driving life，think again.An improved，healthier lifestyle doesn't （2）　 　 working too hard and not taking your holidays，University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology （ESC） Congress. " （3）　 　 can be a good way to relieve stress."
The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study，research that for decades has （4）　 　 1，222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934.Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease，for example，smoking， （5）　 　 ，or had high blood pressure.The research，which began in the 1960s， （6）　 　 into a longitudinal（纵向的） study and was extended through 2014，focusing in part on how mid﹣life risk factors can impact the （7）　 　 in old age.
For the study，the men were split into two groups.In one control group，men lived their lives as they （8）　 　 did and did not meet with the study's investigators.Men in the other group，a（n） （9）　 　 group，were given advice on how to improve their health.These men were asked to exercise，improve their diets，reach a healthy weight or stop smoking.
At the study's 15﹣year check﹣in，Strandberg found that if their vacations （10）　 　 ，the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate.What is to （11）　 　 ？Working too hard，not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.
While （12）　 　 ，this new research won't likely impact most Americans' vacation habits.Most American workers don't get that many paid days to begin with.Even if they do have the time，many workers feel they can't （13）　 　 it.Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family （14）　 　 .
Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work，maybe it's time to put forward the request for a few days （15）　 　 .
（1） A.extending B.postponing C.planning D.locating
（2） A.apply for B.sort out C.compensate for D.soak up
（3） A.Vacations B.Work﹣outs C.Outlets D.Adventures
（4） A.qualified B.counted C.motivated D.followed
（5） A.mood B.gender C.obesity D.diet
（6） A.halved B.fell C.evolved D.looked
（7） A.perception B.status C.ambition D.well﹣being
（8） A.eventually B.usually C.individually D.attentively
（9） A.intervention B.selection C.witness D.supervision
（10） A.added up B.faded away C.stood out D.fell short
（11） A.emerge B.blame C.escape D.rescue
（12） A.dramatic B.ideal C.awkward D.delicate
（13） A.exclude B.afford C.involve D.stretch
（14） A.operations B.versions C.obligations D.generations
（15） A.over B.in C.down D.off
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
12．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers.I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20 m.
After nearly 45 minutes，the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations（震动）as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead.The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too.We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef（礁石）.The situation felt sinister.
Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us.Could it be a giant turtle（海龟）racing past us？They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior.The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar.Suddenly，a few meters below us，breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down.That's when I got what it was.The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.
The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes.I felt comforted by his presence.I was numb（麻木的）for terror but clear﹣headed.My body went on high alert，ready to react.But I have no power over whatever this is.The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.
It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface，which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.Soon we saw other divers.
The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed.We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness，which can be fatal.When up，it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting， "What was that？"
Back on the boat，we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake，measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale.It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs.though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter（震中）.I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle，but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.
（1）How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake？ 　 　
A．By feeling the violent shake under the sea
B．By witnessing a normally﹣slow turtle quickly moving by
C．By seeing the seafloor crack
D．By checking the news and be informed of the event
（2）Why didn't the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped？ 　 　
A．Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.
B．Because he was numb in body.
C．Because he could sense the unclear water situation.
D．Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　 　
A．At the beginning of the event，a big boat passed by causing big vibration.
B．All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration
C．I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this
D．Powerless to fight nature，I was tame when under the water.
（4）Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat？ 　 　
A．Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.
B．Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.
C．Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.
D．Because he didn't suffer from decompression sickness.
13．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
AAVE Camp Camp Address：2308 Fossil Trace，Colorado 80401，USA （800）2223﹣3595 Since 2016，AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel，leadership and learning.AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers.Throughout our adventures，we camp，rock climb，mountain bike，surf，sail，or study a foreign language.Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet.
Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address：PO.Box 568，Oregon 97883，USA（888）4209﹣7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp.You will receive instructions on riding a horse，ride the high mountains，play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west.You'll sleep in tents，eat western food and ride your horse all day，every day!
Traditional Camp Camp Address：P.O.Box 819/200，Arrowhead Rd.Hunt，Texas 78024.USA（886）6817﹣2173 Established in 2008，we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River.Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered.Our specialty is FUN!
Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address：100 East 17th Street，New York 10003，USA（212）6743﹣4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution，devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world.Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest.
（1）AAVE Camp is designed for 　 　 .
A.adventure lovers.
B.foreign travellers.
C.creative teenagers.
D.professional sportsmen.
（2）Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere，so she can call 　 　 for more information.
A.（800）2223﹣3595.
B.（888）4209﹣7855.
C.（886）6817﹣2173.
D.（212）6743﹣4300.
（3）Lucy's dream is to be a film actress，so she'd probably go to 　 　 to attend a camp.
A.Colorado.
B.Oregon.
C.Texas.
D.New York.
14．（2024春 宝山区期末） The world's heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret.
According to a study published today in the open﹣access journal MDPI Diversity，the animal known as the green anaconda （蟒蛇），or Eunectes murinus，is actually two genetically distinct species，despite each species looking so similar that even experts can't tell them apart.
"Genetically，the differences are massive，"says Bryan Fry，a National Geographic Explorer，biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia，and coauthor of the new study. "They're five﹣and﹣a﹣half percent different，genetically.Now，to put that into context， we're about two percent different from chimps，"he says.
To make the shocking discovery，Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador，Venezuela，and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference.After running the genetic data，they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south.And based on those findings，they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda （Eunectes akayima），while E.murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.
Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed."I didn't expect that level of difference，"he says."It's just mind﹣blowing.We were all of us very much doing happy dances."
While it may seem like splitting hairs to re﹣classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another，Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures.Right now，the Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk﹣but this classification is based，in part，on how widely distributed a species is. "It's important，because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern，and so that means it's much more vulnerable，"says Fry.
Working with giant snakes isn't easy.The fact that anacondas are massive，powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven't been more closely studied.However，more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks.After all，the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana，even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks，says Fry.And yet，there's no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics.
（1）W'hy did the author mention "we're about two percent different from chimps"in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To show how genetically different green anacondas are.
B.To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas.
C.To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance.
D.To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart.
（2）Based on the context，what does the underlined word"delineations"in paragraph 6 mean？ 　 　
A.similarity
B.conservation
C.classification
D.extinction
（3）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　 　
A.Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus.
B.Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks.
C.The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection.
D.The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close.
（4）Which is the best title of the passage？ 　 　
A.Eunectes akayima：splitting hairs
B.Eunectes murinus：the world's heaviest snake
C.Northern green anaconda：a newly found species
D.Green anacondas：two genetically different species
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
15．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末）Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Unlike Keltner，who studies behaviors，Obhi studies brains. B.It's what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone's hand squeezing a rubber ball. C.That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D.The historian Henry Adams described power as"a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim's sympathies." E.Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F.They become more impulsive，less risk﹣aware，and，crucially，less capable of seeing things from other people's point of view.
Power Causes Brain Damage
If power were a drug，it would come with a long list of known side effects.It can intoxicate.It can corrupt.It can even cause brain damage.
Dacher Keltner，a psychology professor at UC Berkeley，found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury：（1）　 　
Sukhvinder Obhi，a neuroscientist at McMaster University，recently described something similar.（2）　 　 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not﹣so﹣powerful under a transcranial﹣magnetic﹣stimulation machine，he found that power，in fact，damages a specific neural （神经系统的） process，"mirroring，"that may be an important part of empathy.This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the"power paradox"：Once we have power，we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place.
（3）　 　 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view—a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer's vantage point.Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves—and backwards to everyone else.（This calls to mind George w.Bush，who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.） Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling，or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark.
People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors，but the powerful stop mimicking others. （4）　 　 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from.Powerful people"stop simulating the experience of others，"Keltner says，which leads to what he calls an"empathy deficit."
This is a depressing finding，but is there nothing to be done？
No and yes.It's difficult to stop power's tendency to affect your brain.What's easier—from time to time，at least—is to stop feeling powerful.Power is not a post or a position but a mental state.Recount a time you did not feel powerful，Keltner suggests，and your brain can empathize with reality.
五．选词填空（共1小题）
16．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）
A.absent B.flood C.bound D.indistinguishable E.polishing F.strikingly G.consequently H.command I.engaged J.differing K.critically
Rhinoceros horns（犀牛角） are big business.Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout，even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo（安慰剂）.And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles.A kilogram can thus（1）　 　 as much as ＄60，000，so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals.Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered，several（2）　 　 ，this is a serious problem.
Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to（3）　 　 the market with fakes.This，they hope，would reduce the value of real horns and（4）　 　 ，the motivation to hunt rhinos.
That would require the fakes to be good.But Fritz Vollrath，a zoologist at Oxford University，thinks his skills as a forger（伪造者） are up to the challenge.As he writes in Scientific Reports，he and his colleagues from Fudan University，in Shanghai，have come up with a cheap and easy﹣to﹣make fake（5）　 　 similar to the real thing.
The main ingredient of Dr.Vollrath's forged horns is horsehair.Despite their（6）　 　 appearances，horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related.Horses do not have horns，of course.But，technically，neither do rhinos.The"horns"of rhinoceros are composed of hairs（7）　 　 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells.
Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses' tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer（8）　 　 in those of the rhino，but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.（溴化锂溶液）
They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue，and then left the bundles in an oven to dry.The result was a rough material that，with some（9）　 　 ，looked like rhino horn.
Whether to launch （10）　 　 fakes onto the rhinoceros﹣horn market would truly reduce prices and dermand remains to be tested.But it might.It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged，worthless money.Something similar may yet help save the rhino.
六．翻译题（共4小题）
17．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）莎士比亚的悲剧和喜剧是无价之宝，在经典云集的英语文学界独树一帜。（stand） （汉译英） 　 　
18．（2024春 宝山区期末）这位演讲者分享了一个案例：村民们灵活地利用手头的资源彻底改变了整个村庄。 （transform） 　 　
19．（2023春 杨浦区校级期末）只有通过反复强化词的用法，老师才可能让学生逐步掌握生词，并最终运用自如。（Only，impress） 　 　
20．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）如今的家长被来自各种擅长贩卖焦虑（fearmongering）的公众号的文章狂轰滥炸，难怪他们很难毫无保留地相信我们的教育制度。（bombard） 　 　
七．书面表达（共2小题）
21．（2023春 黄浦区期末）假设你是启明中学高一学生李明。临近期末，你的英语老师正在设计暑假作业，现征求学生意见。请写一封电子邮件给老师，内容须包含：
（1）不同形式与内容的作业建议2﹣3条；
（2）给出你的理由。
（文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名）
22．（2023春 宝山区校级期中）Directions：Read the following passage carefully.Summarize the main idea in no more than 60 words.
Are You Ready for Your Exam？
So，it's the exam time again ﹣ have you done the necessary work to get good marks？Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn't work.The best strategy is to space your practice out，rather than cram（死记硬背） it all together.It means hit the books early!
In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian，Tom Stafford，a lecture r in psychology at the University of Sheffleld，UK，advises："If you organize five hours of study into one hour a day，you remember more than if you study for five hours on one day."
Don't rely on memory alone﹣get pen and paper and start working.Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run.John Dunlosky，Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US，suggests that"you start reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter （荧光笔）and favourite colors，but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those，you basically try to test yourselves on them."
Good revision should give you confidence，but if you are still anxious，there's no harm in indulging（放任） in a personal routine.In Japan，it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test.This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep﹣fried pork cutlet.The name of the dish reminds people of the word 'katsu'，meaning 'winning'.
For some students in South Korea，the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head.And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their 'lucky underwear'.
The bottom line is that you need to study，sleep well on the eve of the test，eat a nutritious meal，drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off.Good luck in your exam!
_______
上海市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共10小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）The 28th Shanghai TV Festival，to be held from June 19 to 23，will be to include a variety of events，including exhibitions，a TV market and forums，through which overseas buyers may tap into original Chinese productions，giving them global exposure.（　　）
A．employed B．recognized
C．programmed D．displayed
【答案】C
【分析】第28届上海电视节将于6月19日至23日举行，届时将举办展览、电视市场和论坛等各种活动，海外买家可以通过这些活动了解中国原创作品，从而使它们获得全球曝光度。
【解答】A.employed雇佣；B.recognized认出，认可；C.programmed安排，计划；D.displayed展示。根据"including exhibitions，a TV market and forums，"可知，此处指计划好了一系列活动。C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义，准确地翻译句子及备选答案，然后选择最符合题意的选项。
2．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）The rare first edition of the novel，with a limited ______，was found to be in ______ of a private collector who had safeguarded it for decades.（　　）
A．circulation…possession
B．circulation…the possession
C．publication…possession
D．publication…the possession
【答案】B
【分析】这本罕见的小说初版，发行量有限，被发现属于一位私人收藏家，他几十年来一直保管着它。
【解答】circulation"（报刊）发行量，销售量"；publication"出版物，出版，（书刊等的）发行"；in possession of"拥有"；in the possession of"由……所拥有"。根据句意可知，第一处指小说的初版发行量有限，所以第一空应用名词circulation，作with的宾语；由第二空后的a private collector可知，此处应用in the possession of表示小说初版由一位私人收藏家拥有。
故选：B。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异，了解某些名词的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
3．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末）_________ in the northwest of China， Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization．（　　）
A．Locating B．Being located
C．To locate D．Located
【答案】D
【分析】坐落于中国西北，西安被视为华夏文明的发祥地．
【解答】分析句子结构可知，空白处的动词locate作后句的状语，locate与主语Xi'an之间是被动关系（ be located in） ， 要用过去分词形式作状语．
故选：D。
【点评】考查分词作状语或定语时，要分析该分词和句中相关名词之间的关系，如果是主动关系，一般用现在分词，如果是被动关系，一般用过去分词．
4．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）The name Victoria is German in ___________ .Legend has it that the ruling Regent（摄政王） was so angry at the birth of the princess，he refused to give her a royal name，so the new﹣born baby had to be named after her German mother，thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.（　　）
A． nature B． origin C． source D． resource
【答案】B
【分析】维多利亚这个名字来源于德语。传说，执政的摄政王对公主的出生非常生气，他拒绝给她一个皇室名字，所以新生的孩子不得不以她的德国母亲的名字命名，从而成为英国第一个叫维多利亚的人。
【解答】A.nature自然界；B.origin起源；C.source发源地；D.resource资源。根据句意"维多利亚这个名字来源于德语。传说，执政的摄政王对公主的出生非常生气，他拒绝给她一个皇室名字，所以新生的孩子不得不以她的德国母亲的名字命名，从而成为英国第一个叫维多利亚的人。"空处意思应该是"起源"，B项正确。
故选：B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析，弄清楚各个名词的词义，准确地翻译句子及备选答案，然后选择最符合题意的选项。
5．（2023春 奉贤区校级期末）I heard many different accents in the room，but none__________ I could identify as British.（　　）
A．of which B．of them C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【分析】我在房间里听到好多不同的口音，但作为一个英国人是没有一种我能够辨认的。
【解答】此句是由but连接的并列句，所以不需要再用连词，用none of them作主语。如果没有but，就是定语从句，先行词为accents，介词前置的非限制性定语从句，用which代替。
故选：B。
【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛，涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面，设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
6．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）Seismologists（地震学家） have been measuring vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth's surface.But their instruments also ___________ vibrations from noisy human activities，like heavy footfall in crowded pedestrian areas，vehicle traffic，industrial operations and excited stadium crowds causing "football quakes".（　　）
A． pick up B． play out C． point out D． put up
【答案】A
【分析】地震学家一直在测量穿过地球表面的地震产生的振动。但他们的仪器也能接收到嘈杂的人类活动产生的振动，比如拥挤的行人区的沉重脚步声、车辆交通、工业运营以及引发"足球地震"的激动的体育场人群。
【解答】A.pick up接收；B.play out展开；C.point out指出；D.put up张贴。根据句意和vibrations from noisy human activities可知这里表示"他们的仪器也能接收到嘈杂的人类活动产生的振动"。
故选：A。
【点评】解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型，要分析句子结构，理解句意，考虑语境，选择恰当词。切忌：粗心大意，惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证，得出答案。
7．（2022春 奉贤区校级期末）When Sally saw the woman wearing a funny hat that looked like a lighthouse，she ________ laughter.（　　）
A．broke down B．broke up
C．broke into D．broke in
【答案】C
【分析】当Sally看到那个女人戴着一顶看起来像灯塔的滑稽帽子时，她突然大笑起来。
【解答】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Sally看到那个女人戴着一顶看起来像灯塔的滑稽帽子时，她突然大笑起来。A.broke down崩溃；B.broke up破裂；C.broke into突然....；D.broke in闯入。由语意可知，这个女的戴着一个像灯塔一样的帽子，这很有趣，所以Sally看到了忍不住突然笑了起来。broke into laughter"突然大笑起来"符合题意。
故选：C。
【点评】正确翻译几个选项的汉语意思，然后结合句意选择作答。
8．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）In the midst of the ______，characterized by job losses and market volatility，it's not uncommon for businesses to lose ______ of their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape.（　　）
A．depression…track
B．recession…touch
C．possession…trace
D．progression…pursuit
【答案】A
【分析】在以失业和市场波动为特征的大萧条中，企业在混乱的经济环境中专注于生存，因此忘记运营目标的情况并不少见。
【解答】A.depression不景气，经济衰退，track轨道，足迹；B.recession经济衰退，touch触摸；C.possession占有，trace迹线，痕迹；D.progression进展，pursuit追求。根据第一空格后的"job losses and market volatility"可知，此处表示"经济衰退"，可以使用名词depression和recession充当介词of的宾语；根据第二空格后的"their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape"可知，此处应用固定短语lose track of表示 "不了解……的动态，忘记"。
故选：A。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异，了解某些名词的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
9．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）As the applause died ______，the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation.（　　）
A．off B．out C．down D．up
【答案】C
【分析】随着掌声逐渐平息，演讲者花了一刻钟整理思绪，然后继续她的演讲。
【解答】A.die off相继死去；B.die out灭绝；C.die down减弱，逐渐平息；D.die up死去。根据"As the applause "可知此处指掌声的音量逐渐减弱，C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，弄清楚各个短语的含义并了解它们的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Upon entering the bakery，they were ______ by the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries，their mouths instantly watering.（　　）
A．evoked B．occupied C．greeted D．consumed
【答案】C
【分析】一走进面包房，他们就闻到新鲜出炉的面包和甜甜糕点的香味，他们的嘴巴立刻流下了口水。
【解答】A.evoked唤起；B.occupied占据；C.greeted（声音、气味等）传入……的耳（或鼻）中；D.consumed消耗。根据"the pleasant smell"可知，此处指香味传入鼻中，C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析，弄清楚各个动词的含义并了解它们的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
二．完形填空（共1小题）
11．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer
Thinking about skipping vacation days？Don't.One of the longest follow﹣up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life.
And if you think your spin classes（动感单车课程）and clean eating will make up for （1）　B　 your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam﹣packed，hard driving life，think again.An improved，healthier lifestyle doesn't （2）　C　 working too hard and not taking your holidays，University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology （ESC） Congress. " （3）　A　 can be a good way to relieve stress."
The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study，research that for decades has （4）　D　 1，222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934.Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease，for example，smoking， （5）　C　 ，or had high blood pressure.The research，which began in the 1960s， （6）　C　 into a longitudinal（纵向的） study and was extended through 2014，focusing in part on how mid﹣life risk factors can impact the （7）　D　 in old age.
For the study，the men were split into two groups.In one control group，men lived their lives as they （8）　B　 did and did not meet with the study's investigators.Men in the other group，a（n） （9）　A　 group，were given advice on how to improve their health.These men were asked to exercise，improve their diets，reach a healthy weight or stop smoking.
At the study's 15﹣year check﹣in，Strandberg found that if their vacations （10）　D　 ，the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate.What is to （11）　B　 ？Working too hard，not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.
While （12）　A　 ，this new research won't likely impact most Americans' vacation habits.Most American workers don't get that many paid days to begin with.Even if they do have the time，many workers feel they can't （13）　B　 it.Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family （14）　C　 .
Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work，maybe it's time to put forward the request for a few days （15）　D　 .
（1） A.extending B.postponing C.planning D.locating
（2） A.apply for B.sort out C.compensate for D.soak up
（3） A.Vacations B.Work﹣outs C.Outlets D.Adventures
（4） A.qualified B.counted C.motivated D.followed
（5） A.mood B.gender C.obesity D.diet
（6） A.halved B.fell C.evolved D.looked
（7） A.perception B.status C.ambition D.well﹣being
（8） A.eventually B.usually C.individually D.attentively
（9） A.intervention B.selection C.witness D.supervision
（10） A.added up B.faded away C.stood out D.fell short
（11） A.emerge B.blame C.escape D.rescue
（12） A.dramatic B.ideal C.awkward D.delicate
（13） A.exclude B.afford C.involve D.stretch
（14） A.operations B.versions C.obligations D.generations
（15） A.over B.in C.down D.off
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）BCADC （6）﹣（10）CDBAD （11）﹣（15）BABCD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长人的寿命。
【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.extending延伸，扩展；B.postponing推迟；C.planning计划；D.locating确定....的位置。句意：如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来，那你再想想吧。根据语境和前文"And if you think your spin classes（动感单车课程）and clean eating will make up for"以及后文"your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam﹣packed，hard driving life"可知，此处是指如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来。故选B项。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.apply for申请；B.sort out分类；C.compensate for弥补；D.soak up吸收。句意：本周二，赫尔辛基大学教授蒂莫 斯特兰德伯格在欧洲心脏病学会年度大会上说，改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。根据语境和前文"An improved，healthier lifestyle doesn't"和后文"working too hard and not taking your holidays"以及"（3）can be a good way to relieve stress."可知，缓解压力的好方法是其他方法，由此推知，此处是指改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。故选C项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.Vacations度假；B.Work﹣outs锻炼；C.Outlets出口，经销店；D.Adventures冒险。句意：度假是缓解压力的好方法。根据语境和前文"One of the longest follow﹣up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life."可知，世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长你的寿命，由此推知，度假是缓解压力的好方法。故选A项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.qualified取得资格；B.counted数数；C.motivated激励；D.followed跟踪。句意：这些新发现是赫尔辛基商人研究的一部分，该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。根据常识和前文"research that for decades has"以及后文"1，222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934"可知，此处是指该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。故选D项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.mood情绪；B.gender性别；C.obesity肥胖；D.diet饮食。句意：每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压。根据语境和前文"one risk factor for heart disease，for example，smoking"以及后文"or had high blood pressure"可知吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压都属于心脏病的危险因素。故选C项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.halved减半；B.fell降落，减少；C.evolved演变；D.looked看。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。根据语境和前文"The research，which began in the 1960s"以及后文"into a longitudinal（纵向的）study and was extended through2014"可知，此处是指这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年。故选C项。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.perception感知；B.status地位，身份；C.ambition抱负；D.well﹣being健康。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。根据语境和前文"Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease，for example，smoking，（5），or had high blood pressure."和"focusing in part on how mid﹣life risk factors can impact the"可知，每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压，由此推知，此处是指部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。故选D项。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最终；B.usually通常；C.individually单独地；D.attentively专心地。句意：在一个对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。根据语境和前文"In one control group，men lived their lives as they"与后文"did and did not meet with the study's investigators.Men in the other group，a（n）（9）group，were given advice on how to improve their health."可知，另一个组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，由此推知，在对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。故选B项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.intervention干预；B.selection选择；C.witness目击者；D.supervision监督。句意：另一组，即干预组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议。根据语境和后文"were given advice on how to improve their health."可知，另一组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，这一组为干预组。故选A项。
（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.added up加起来；B.faded away逐渐消失；C.stood out显眼，突出；D.fell short不足，不够。句意：在这项长达15年的研究中，斯特兰德伯格发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。根据语境和前文"Strandberg found that if their vacations"以及后文"the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate"可知，斯特兰德伯格在研究中发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。故选D项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.emerge出现；B.blame责备，把....归咎于；C.escape逃跑；D.rescue援救。句意：这是什么原因呢？根据语境和前文"the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate"以及后文"Working too hard，not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation."可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，此处是指这是什么原因呢？故选B项。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.dramatic引人注目的；B.ideal理想的；C.awkward尴尬的；D.delicate精致的。句意：这项新研究虽然引人注目，但不太可能影响大多数美国人的度假习惯。根据语境和前文"At the study's 15﹣year check﹣in，Strandberg found that if their vacations（10），the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate.What is to（11）？Working too hard，not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation."可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，这项新研究的结果是引人注目的。故选A项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.exclude排除；B.afford买得起，负担得起；C.involve使卷入；D.stretch延伸。句意：即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。根据语境和前文"Even if they do have the time，many workers feel they can't"以及后文"it"可知，此处是指即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。故选B项。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.operations运营；运作；B.versions版本；C.obligations义务，责任；D.generations世代。句意：美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。根据常识和前文"Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family"可知，此处是指美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。故选C项。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.over在上方；B.in在里头；C.down朝下，向下；D.off不工作，休息。句意：鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。根据语境和前文"Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work，maybe it's time to put forward the request for a few days"可知，此处是指鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。故选D项。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
12．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers.I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20 m.
After nearly 45 minutes，the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations（震动）as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead.The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too.We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef（礁石）.The situation felt sinister.
Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us.Could it be a giant turtle（海龟）racing past us？They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior.The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar.Suddenly，a few meters below us，breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down.That's when I got what it was.The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.
The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes.I felt comforted by his presence.I was numb（麻木的）for terror but clear﹣headed.My body went on high alert，ready to react.But I have no power over whatever this is.The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.
It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface，which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.Soon we saw other divers.
The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed.We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness，which can be fatal.When up，it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting， "What was that？"
Back on the boat，we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake，measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale.It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs.though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter（震中）.I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle，but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.
（1）How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake？ 　C　
A．By feeling the violent shake under the sea
B．By witnessing a normally﹣slow turtle quickly moving by
C．By seeing the seafloor crack
D．By checking the news and be informed of the event
（2）Why didn't the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped？ 　D　
A．Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.
B．Because he was numb in body.
C．Because he could sense the unclear water situation.
D．Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　D　
A．At the beginning of the event，a big boat passed by causing big vibration.
B．All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration
C．I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this
D．Powerless to fight nature，I was tame when under the water.
（4）Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat？ 　C　
A．Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.
B．Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.
C．Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.
D．Because he didn't suffer from decompression sickness.
【答案】CDDC
【分析】文章介绍了作者在潜水遭遇地震的时候自己的感受和采取的行动，以及幸存后的感觉。
【解答】（1）C．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子Suddenly，a few meters below us，breaks began fonning and the sand was sucked down.That's when I got whal it was.The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.突然，在我们下面几米深的地方，裂缝开始翻滚，沙子被吸了下去，这就是我找到鲸鱼的时候，那声音是大地裂开和自我摩擦的声音。可知，作者见到海床裂缝的时候意识到他们遇到了地震。故选C。
（2）D．推理判断题。根据文章第五段的句子It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface，which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.要克制游到水面的冲动，需要巨大的意志力，但当时的水面状况很模糊，存在着潜在的威胁，这是不明智的。可知，当振动停止的时候，作者没有升到表面上因为他想避开预料之外的危险。故选D。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据文章第五段的句子The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.唯一的选择是保持静止，让它做它将要做的任何事情。可知，我无力与大自然抗争，在水下时很温顺。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle，but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.我很兴奋，感到很幸运，这并不是因为我最近的生存奇迹，而是因为我经历了大自然最令人震惊和最可怕的时刻。可知，作者在船上看到了罕见的自然现象，感到很幸运。故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
13．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
AAVE Camp Camp Address：2308 Fossil Trace，Colorado 80401，USA （800）2223﹣3595 Since 2016，AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel，leadership and learning.AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers.Throughout our adventures，we camp，rock climb，mountain bike，surf，sail，or study a foreign language.Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet.
Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address：PO.Box 568，Oregon 97883，USA（888）4209﹣7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp.You will receive instructions on riding a horse，ride the high mountains，play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west.You'll sleep in tents，eat western food and ride your horse all day，every day!
Traditional Camp Camp Address：P.O.Box 819/200，Arrowhead Rd.Hunt，Texas 78024.USA（886）6817﹣2173 Established in 2008，we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River.Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered.Our specialty is FUN!
Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address：100 East 17th Street，New York 10003，USA（212）6743﹣4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution，devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world.Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest.
（1）AAVE Camp is designed for 　A　 .
A.adventure lovers.
B.foreign travellers.
C.creative teenagers.
D.professional sportsmen.
（2）Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere，so she can call 　C　 for more information.
A.（800）2223﹣3595.
B.（888）4209﹣7855.
C.（886）6817﹣2173.
D.（212）6743﹣4300.
（3）Lucy's dream is to be a film actress，so she'd probably go to 　D　 to attend a camp.
A.Colorado.
B.Oregon.
C.Texas.
D.New York.
【答案】ACD
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个夏令营的地址和内容。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一则广告AAVE Camp中的Since 2016，AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel，leadership and learning.（自从2016年，AAVE Camp一直是关于探险旅游，领导能力和学习能力的）可知，AAVE Camp是为热爱探险的人设计的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三则广告Traditional Camp中Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered.（我们的使命是为女孩提供一个安全和积极的氛围，让她们通过各种活动培养自信和才能）可知，Catherine想在安全又积极的氛围中培养自信，她应该去Traditional Camp，所以她应该打（886）6817﹣2173来获得更多的信息。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四则广告标题Filmmaking and Acting Camp （电影制作和表演夏令营） Camp Address：100 East 17th Street，New York 10003，USA （212）6743﹣4300以及The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution，devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world.Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest.（纽约电影学院是一所独特的教育机构，致力于提供世界上最集中的电影制作指导。我们的夏令营是为学生提供一个很棒的经验，使学生有机会充分发展他们的创造性技能）可知，Lucy想要成为一名演员的话，她应该去纽约。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
14．（2024春 宝山区期末） The world's heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret.
According to a study published today in the open﹣access journal MDPI Diversity，the animal known as the green anaconda （蟒蛇），or Eunectes murinus，is actually two genetically distinct species，despite each species looking so similar that even experts can't tell them apart.
"Genetically，the differences are massive，"says Bryan Fry，a National Geographic Explorer，biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia，and coauthor of the new study. "They're five﹣and﹣a﹣half percent different，genetically.Now，to put that into context， we're about two percent different from chimps，"he says.
To make the shocking discovery，Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador，Venezuela，and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference.After running the genetic data，they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south.And based on those findings，they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda （Eunectes akayima），while E.murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.
Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed."I didn't expect that level of difference，"he says."It's just mind﹣blowing.We were all of us very much doing happy dances."
While it may seem like splitting hairs to re﹣classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another，Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures.Right now，the Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk﹣but this classification is based，in part，on how widely distributed a species is. "It's important，because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern，and so that means it's much more vulnerable，"says Fry.
Working with giant snakes isn't easy.The fact that anacondas are massive，powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven't been more closely studied.However，more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks.After all，the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana，even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks，says Fry.And yet，there's no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics.
（1）W'hy did the author mention "we're about two percent different from chimps"in paragraph 3？ 　D　
A.To show how genetically different green anacondas are.
B.To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas.
C.To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance.
D.To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart.
（2）Based on the context，what does the underlined word"delineations"in paragraph 6 mean？ 　C　
A.similarity
B.conservation
C.classification
D.extinction
（3）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　C　
A.Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus.
B.Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks.
C.The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection.
D.The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close.
（4）Which is the best title of the passage？ 　D　
A.Eunectes akayima：splitting hairs
B.Eunectes murinus：the world's heaviest snake
C.Northern green anaconda：a newly found species
D.Green anacondas：two genetically different species
【答案】DCCD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项新研究发现，世界上体型最大的蛇——绿巨蟒实际上包含两个遗传上截然不同的物种。这两个物种在外观上极为相似，以至于连专家也难以区分。研究人员通过对来自厄瓜多尔、委内瑞拉和巴西的绿巨蟒进行血液和组织样本分析，发现北部和南部地区的绿巨蟒存在明显的遗传差异。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段According to a study published today in the open﹣access journal MDPI Diversity，the animal known as the green anaconda （蟒蛇），or Eunectes murinus，is actually two genetically distinct species，despite each species looking so similar that even experts can't tell them apart.（根据今天发表在开放期刊《MDPI多样性》上的一项研究，这种被称为绿色蟒蛇（或Eunectes murinus）的动物实际上是两个基因截然不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都非常相似，甚至专家都无法区分它们。）和第三段"Genetically，the differences are massive，"says Bryan Fry，a National Geographic Explorer，biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia，and coauthor of the new study. "They're five﹣and﹣a﹣half percent different，genetically.（"从基因上讲，差异是巨大的，"布莱恩 弗莱说，他是国家地理探险家、澳大利亚昆士兰大学的生物学家，也是这项新研究的合著者。"他们在基因上有5.5%的不同。）可知作者在第三段中提到"我们与黑猩猩大约有百分之二不同"，以表明专家区分绿色水蟒有多困难"。故答案为D。
（2）猜测词义题。根据文章第六段While it may seem like splitting hairs to re﹣classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another，Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures.（虽然重新划分两个看起来一模一样的蛇类种群似乎有点吹毛求疵，但Fry强调了这种___对于理解这些生物面临的威胁有多么重要。）可知delineations的意思是"分类"。A.similarity相似性；B.conservation保护；C.classification分类；D.extinction灭绝。故答案为C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Right now，the Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk﹣but this classification is based，in part，on how widely distributed a species is. "It's important，because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern，and so that means it's much more vulnerable，"says Fry.（目前，国际自然保护联盟将绿水蟒列为灭绝风险最小的物种，但这一分类在一定程度上是基于一个物种的分布范围。"这很重要，因为新描述的北方绿水蟒的活动范围比南方小得多，因此这意味着它更容易受到伤害，"弗莱说。）可知绿色水蟒的分类有助于唤起人们对其保护的意识。故答案为C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第二段According to a study published today in the open﹣access journal MDPI Diversity，the animal known as the green anaconda （蟒蛇），or Eunectes murinus，is actually two genetically distinct species，despite each species looking so similar that even experts can't tell them apart.（根据今天发表在开放期刊《MDPI多样性》上的一项研究，这种被称为绿色蟒蛇（或Eunectes murinus）的动物实际上是两个基因截然不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都非常相似，甚至专家都无法区分它们。）可知本文主要讲述了一项新研究发现，世界上体型最大的蛇——绿巨蟒实际上包含两个遗传上截然不同的物种。因此本文的最佳标题是D.Green anacondas：two genetically different species（绿色水蟒：两个基因不同的物种）。故答案为D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
15．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末）Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Unlike Keltner，who studies behaviors，Obhi studies brains. B.It's what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone's hand squeezing a rubber ball. C.That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D.The historian Henry Adams described power as"a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim's sympathies." E.Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F.They become more impulsive，less risk﹣aware，and，crucially，less capable of seeing things from other people's point of view.
Power Causes Brain Damage
If power were a drug，it would come with a long list of known side effects.It can intoxicate.It can corrupt.It can even cause brain damage.
Dacher Keltner，a psychology professor at UC Berkeley，found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury：（1）　F　
Sukhvinder Obhi，a neuroscientist at McMaster University，recently described something similar.（2）　A　 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not﹣so﹣powerful under a transcranial﹣magnetic﹣stimulation machine，he found that power，in fact，damages a specific neural （神经系统的） process，"mirroring，"that may be an important part of empathy.This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the"power paradox"：Once we have power，we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place.
（3）　C　 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view—a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer's vantage point.Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves—and backwards to everyone else.（This calls to mind George w.Bush，who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.） Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling，or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark.
People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors，but the powerful stop mimicking others. （4）　E　 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from.Powerful people"stop simulating the experience of others，"Keltner says，which leads to what he calls an"empathy deficit."
This is a depressing finding，but is there nothing to be done？
No and yes.It's difficult to stop power's tendency to affect your brain.What's easier—from time to time，at least—is to stop feeling powerful.Power is not a post or a position but a mental state.Recount a time you did not feel powerful，Keltner suggests，and your brain can empathize with reality.
【答案】FACE
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明拥有权力会引起人脑损伤。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据空前Dacher Keltner，a psychology professor at UC Berkeley，found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury （加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授Dacher Keltner在长达20年的研究中发现，受权力影响的受试者表现得就像遭受了脑损伤一样），空前有个冒号，说明空格处要解释说明这些受试者像遭受了脑损伤一样的具体表现是什么，F选项"They become more impulsive，less risk﹣aware，and，crucially，less capable of seeing things from other people's point of view. （他们变得更冲动，更缺乏风险意识，至关重要的是，更无法从别人的角度看问题。）"陈述的是像脑损伤一样的表现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
（2）推理判断题。根据空前Sukhvinder Obhi，a neuroscientist at McMaster University，recently described something similar. （麦克马斯特大学的神经科学家Sukhvinder Obhi最近也描述了类似的情况），空格处应该介绍Sukhvinder Obhi是干什么的，A选项"Unlike Keltner，who studies behaviors，Obhi studies brains. （与研究行为的Keltner不同，Obhi研究的是大脑。）"说明了Obhi是研究大脑的人，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据空前Once we have power，we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. （一旦我们拥有了权力，我们就会失去一些最初获得权力所需的能力），空格处应该说这种能力的丧失会有什么影响，C选项"That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. （这种能力的丧失已经以各种创造性的方式表现出来。）"中的"That loss in capacity"和空前的"we lose some of the capacities"呼应，且说明了这种能力的丧失有各种表现，因此承接上文，引出下文具体的实验和研究结果，符合语境。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据空前People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors，but the powerful stop mimicking others. （人们倾向于模仿上级的表情和肢体语言，但有权有势的人不会模仿别人），说明有权有势的人不会模仿别人，空后It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. （它有助于触发其他人正在经历的同样的感觉，并提供了一个窗口，了解它们来自哪里），说明了某个事情的好处，而这个事情应该出现在空格处，因此空格处应该会说其实模仿他人是

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