资源简介

(共26张PPT)
情态动词精讲：解锁自然英语表达
Contens
课程导入
01
情态动词概述
02
核心情态动词详解
03
易混情态动词对比
04
05
06
高考真题破解
拓展与应用
课程导入
01
判断下列课文句子中划线情态动词的含义
1. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.
2.Young man , would you step inside a moment , please
3.May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
4.Could you offer me work here
5. Well , it may seem lucky to you but not to me!
6. Now if you'll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
7.Oh, no, you'd better not open it.
8.You can't open it until two o'clock.
表示能力
表示请求
征求许可
表示请求
表示推测
表示意愿
表示建议“应该”
表示不允许
学习目标
能力目标
能够在阅读和听力中准确识别情态动词，并在写作和口语中正确运用，表达不同的语气和含义。
02
知识目标
理解情态动词的定义及特性；掌握can, could, may, might, must, should等常用情态动词的用法。
01
情感目标
培养对英语语法的兴趣，体会情态动词在英语表达中的重要性，增强学习英语的自信心。
03
情态动词概述
02
核心特征
01
情态动词是一种特殊的助动词，用来表示说话者的语气，如可能性、必要性、允许等。
02
03
定义
情态动词不能单独使用，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后接动词原形。
基本特点
情态动词位于主语和动词原形之间。例如， "You must study hard."
位置
分类
按用法分类
表示可能性的情态动词，
如may, might, could;
表示必要性的情态动词，
如must, have to, should;表示允许的情态动词，
如can, may。
01
按情态语气程度分类
语气强烈的情态动词，如must；
语气较弱的情态动词，如mightcould。请注意，情态动词的选择会直接影响句子的语气和含义。
02
六大核心情态动词详解
03
Can/Could
Use of Can
01
Use of Could
02
Distinction of Can and Could
03
Can的用法。 表示能力：I can swim.;表示允许：You can go now.;表示可能性：Smoking can cause cancer.
Could的用法。 表示过去的能力：I could swim when I was young.;表示委婉的请求：Could you please help me ;表示较小的可能性：It could rain tomorrow.
区分Can和Could。 Can表示现在的能力或可能性，could表示过去的能力或更委婉的语气。 例如， "Can I help you " 比 "Could I help you " 直接。
Use of Can(could)
1 表示能力(could)：I can (could)swim.
2 表示允许：You can go now.
3 表示可能性：Smoking can cause cancer
4 表示建议：You can eat in a restaurant,if you like
5 表示推测(could)：（否定句或疑问句中）she can’t be Mary,for she is in hospital.
选择句子中 "can" 最合适的含义
11
A. 能力 (Ability) B. 许可 (Permission) C. 可能性 (Possibility) D. 请求 (Request) E 推测（inference）
1. "Look! I can swim across the pool now!"
2. "Can I borrow your pen for a moment, please "
3. "It can get very cold in the mountains at night."
4. "You can leave early today if you finish your work."
5. "She can‘t speak four languages .it’s so difficult!"
A. 能力
D. 请求
C. 可能性
B. 许可
E 推测（inference）
真题链接
12
1.(2023·全国甲卷完形填空改编)And the wine was might cloudy, in a funny old bottle with
no label(标签) on it.These________________________(不可能好到哪里去)，we thought.
2(2023·全国乙卷阅读理解改编)Living in lowa and trying to become a photographer
specializing in landscape(风景)_____________________(可能是很大的一个挑战)，mainly
because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
33.(2023·浙江1月听力材料改编)--_______________(你能告诉我们)what the best part about your job is
-Getting to know all of the different kids and communicating with them. I have always loved kids.
can't be any good
can be quite a challenge
could you tell us
May(might)用法:
1 may 和 might在肯定句中表示允许,意为"可以"。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两个星期。
2may/might在疑问句中用于征求许可,意为 "可以……吗 "。
Might I go fishing withyou tomorrow 我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗
3may/might表示推测，might可能性更小
she may come here today.
4may 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
May you suceed!
Must 与 have to的用法
1 Must的用法。 表示义务，命令，要求，强调说话人的主观态度其否定形式为musn’t：对以must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用don’t have to /needn’t 来回答
You must finish your homework. 表示命令(语气强烈)
you musn’t touch the phone.表示禁止
Must I tell him the truth
no.you don’t have to/needn’t .
2 must 表示肯定的推测，意为一定。只用于肯定句。
He must be tired after the long journey.ht
look,there is ligh t inher roIom,she must be playing
the road is wet ,It must have rained last night.
3 have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不”强调客观上的必要性。
He have to go,because the last bus is coming .
真题链接
1.(新高考I卷语法填空改编)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you ________try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed!
A.shall B. will C.must D.can
2.完成句子
(江苏高考完形填空改编)I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I_________________________
(一定已经说了十分钟了).
C
must have talked for ten minutes
shall 的用法
a. 表示将来 (Future) - 主要用于第一人称 (I, we)，尤其英式英语和正式场合:
`I shall call you tomorrow.` (我明天会给你打电话。) - 正式/传统用法
`We shall overcome this difficulty.` (我们将克服这个困难。) - 正式/鼓舞人心
现代更常用： `I will call you tomorrow.` / `We will overcome...`
b. 表示提议、建议或征求意见 (Offer, Suggestion, Asking for Instruction) - 主要用于第一人称疑问句：
`Shall I open the window ` (要我打开窗户吗？) - 提议
`Shall we go for a walk ` (我们去散步好吗？) - 建议
`What shall I do next ` (我接下来该做什么？) - 征求意见
这是 `shall` 在现代英语中最常见且最被接受的用法之一。
c. 表示命令、规定、义务或警告 (Command, Regulation, Obligation, Warning) - 主要用于第二、三人称 (you, he, she, it, they)，语气非常正式且具有法律或规章强制性：
`Passengers shall remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.` (乘客必须留在座位上，直到飞机完全停稳。) - 规定
`You shall not pass!` (你不得通过！) - 命令/警告 (经典台词，语气极强)
Should用法
a 表示建议或劝告 (Advice, Recommendation) - 最常用含义：
`We should arrive early to get good seats.` (我们应该早点到，占个好位子。)
`He shouldn't eat so much junk food.` (他不应该吃那么多垃圾食品。)
b. 表示义务或责任 (Obligation, Duty) - 语气比 `must` 弱，表示“应该做”但非绝对强制：
`Students should complete their homework on time.` (学生应该按时完成作业。)
对比 `must`: `You must wear a helmet.` (必须戴头盔 - 规则要求)。
c . 表示推测或可能性 (Deduction, Probability) - 指根据常理或现有信息做出的合理推断，可能性较大：
`It's 3 o'clock. They should be arriving at the airport now.` (3点了，他们现在应该到机场了。) - 根据时间表/计划推测
`The keys should be in my bag.` (钥匙应该在我包里。) - 根据记忆/习惯推测
`That shouldn't be too difficult.` (那应该不会太难。) - 否定推测
Should 用法
d用于虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood):
1 在条件句中 (If-Clauses): 表示不太可能或与现在事实相反的情况。
`If I should see him, I'll tell him.` (万一我见到他，我会告诉他。) - 可能性较小
`If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house.` (万一我中了彩票，我会买栋房子。) - 虚拟，可能性很小
在表示建议、要求、命令、决定等词后的 `that` 从句中 (省略 `should` 更常见，尤其美式英语)：
`
It is essential that he (should) be informed immediately.` (必须立即通知他。
`I suggested that she (should) apply for the job.` (我建议她申请那份工作。
表达惊讶、遗憾等情绪 (与 why, how 连用)：
`I'm surprised that he should say such a thing.` (我很惊讶他竟然会说这种话。)
`Why should I apologize I did nothing wrong!` (我为什么要道歉？我又没做错！) - 表达不满
Ought to 用法
a. 表示义务或责任 (Obligation, Duty) - 语气比 `should` 稍强，更强调道德、社会规范或正确性：
You ought to tell the truth.` (你应该说实话。) 强调道德义务
Parents ought to take care of their children.` (父母有责任照顾孩子。) - 强调社会责任与 `should` 在此义上常可互换，但 `ought to` 更侧重“道义上应该”、“按道理应该”。
b. 表示建议或忠告 (Advice, Recommendation) - 与 `should` 相似，但语气更客观、更基于普遍认知
There's a great new restaurant downtown. We ought to try it.` (市中心有家很棒的新餐馆，我们应该去尝尝。
c. 表示推测或可能性 (Deduction, Probability) - 与 `should` 在此义上几乎完全相同，表示基于常理的合理推断：
He left an hour ago. He ought to be home by now.` (他一小时前走的，现在应该到家了。)
`
This ought to solve the problem.` (这应该能解决问题。)
`The movie ought to be good; it has great reviews.` (这部电影应该不错，评价很好。)
易混情态动词对比
04
shall/should /ought to用法对比
21
1. 义务强度与性质：Shall` (二、三人称) > Ought to`(道德/正确性) ≈ Should`(一般义务/建议)。Must是义务最强的。
2. 推测： Should 和 Ought to 都可表合理推测，意思基本相同。Shall`无此用法。
3. 提议/建议问句：Shall I/we... `是标准且常用表达。Should I/we... 也很常用。Ought I/we... to... 非常生硬且少用。
4. 虚拟语气： 只有 should 有广泛的虚拟语气用法 (条件句、从句、表惊讶)。
5. 现代口语：Should 是日常交流的绝对主力。Ought to显得更正式或强调道德。Shall 除了 Shall I/we... 外，在日常口语中几乎被 will或 should 取代；其义务用法多见于正式文书。
6. 否定与疑问：Ought to的否定 ought not to 和疑问 Ought I to... 结构相对笨重，口语中常被 shouldn't`和 `Should I... ` 代替。
高考真题破解
05
23
真题链接
1.(江苏高考)It's strange that he ________have taken the books without the owner's permission.
A.would B.should C.could D.might
2.(江苏高考)-I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. -Don't worry. You_____have it by Friday.
A.could B. shall C.must D.may
3.(2023·新课标I卷阅读理解改编)You'll hear these participants'stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you _________avoid.
A will B should Cmustn’t D needn’t
B
B
B
拓展与应用
06
25
Exercise 1: Choose the best option (shall, should, ought to) - 选择最佳选项
1. It's getting late. We ______________ go home now. (建议/义务)
2. _____ I help you with those heavy bags (提议)
3. According to the rules, all visitors ______ sign in at reception. (正式规定)
4. You look pale. You ______ see a doctor. (建议/关心)
5. He studied very hard; he ______ pass the exam easily. (推测)
6. It's raining. You ______ take an umbrella. (建议/明智之举 - 强调正确性)
7. If you ______ need any further information, please don't hesitate to contact us. (虚拟 - 条件句)
8. Candidates ______ arrive at least 30 minutes before the interview. (义务/要求 - 正式通知)
9. I'm surprised that he ______ say such a rude thing. (虚拟 - 表惊讶)
10. The train ______ be arriving at platform 4 in five minutes. (推测 - 根据时刻表)
should / ought to
Shall
Shall
should / ought to
should / ought to
ought to
should
should
should
should
Thank you for
watching.
汇报人

展开更多......

收起↑