资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 凉州区期末） If you want to make yourself happy then you should know what to do.Here are some suggestions for you.
Get enough sleep.Enough sleep makes you healthy.A healthy body brings you more fun.You should sleep for 7 to 9 hours each night.Make sure to go to bed and get up around the same time every day.
Eat healthy meals.Another thing you can make yourself happier is to eat three healthy meals a day.It will provide you with energy，and make you think well.No matter how busy you are，be careful of what you eat.Because it can improve your happiness.
Find time to relax.You should try to give yourself at least 30 minutes a day for relaxation.You.can't spend every second of your day working，or you'll feel tired and terrible.You may read a magazine，watch TV or talk to your best friend on the phone to relax yourself.
（1）According to the writer，we should sleep for 　 　 each night.
A.1 to 2 hours
B.3 to 4 hours
C.7 to 9 hours
D.12 to 15 hours
（2）The writer suggests that we go to bed and get up around the 　 　 time every day.
A.early
B.same
C.different
D.late
（3）Healthy meals can provide us with 　 　 .
A.Energy
B.sleep
C.suggestions
D.ways
（4）The writer gives 　 　 suggestions to make us happy.
A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five
2．（2024春 安化县期末） It is reported that half the world's forests have already been destroyed.This widespread destruction is due to deforestation（采伐森林）.Deforestation is the removal of a forest or group of trees where the land is later transformed to a non﹣forest use.Cutting down trees is necessary for man's survival.However，deforestation has a number of negative effects on the environment and needs to be controlled.
There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources.Essential items like paper，furniture and charcoal are all made from trees.Deforestation is also carried out to clear land for farming and to make room for roads and houses.As the population grows，more of the forest has to be cleared.
Although deforestation is necessary up to a point，it has some negative effects on the environment.Firstly，cutting down forests destroys animal habitats，leaving them with no place to live in.Deforestation also allows erosion （腐蚀） to occur，which leaves the land easy to landslides and makes it difficult for plants to grow there.Finally，the removal of trees also worsens air pollution.Trees act as natural air filters that change carbon dioxide into oxygen.When they are removed，carbon dioxide can build up and pollute the atmosphere.Hence，it is obvious that deforestation harms the environment.
Due to the harm deforestation causes，it is necessary to control it.There are a number of ways to do this.One of them is to make better use of farming land.That means we do not need as much land for farming，and hence do not need to cut down so many trees.There must also be laws to limit deforestation and these laws must be enforced strictly.On top of that，reforestation（重新造林） must be carried out systematically.This method involves planting new trees and plants in areas where deforestation has occurred to replace what was destroyed.
To sum up，although deforestation must be carried out，it can harm the environment and must be controlled.Beyond a certain point，this damage to the environment cannot be fixed.Hence，we should do our best to make sure that the damage is never too great to fix.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A.How people get farmland.
B.What trees mean to human beings.
C.Why people deforest.
D.What effect deforestation has on environment.
（2）What consequence may deforestation bring to animals according to the text？ 　 　
A.Homelessness.
B.Extinction.
C.Disease.
D.Wounds.
（3）According to the text，how can we control the harm of deforestation？ 　 　
A.By replacing new trees.
B.By banning deforestation.
C.By passing laws to limit farmland.
D.By making the best of farmland.
（4）What may be the worst result if deforestation is beyond control？ 　 　
A.Carbon dioxide will pollute the atmosphere.
B.There will not be any forest left in the world.
C.The damage to the environment will be beyond repair.
D.People will have no trees as resources for essential items.
3．（2024春 耒阳市校级期末） Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student.By using your time properly，you can do your homework more quickly.Learning to study is not difficult.
The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean，however，that you must be willing to do whatever is necessary to learn.Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later to do and learn other things.Knowing mathematics facts will be useful in your whole life.Knowing how to spell makes any kind of writing easier.Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be exciting when you begin to work at it and understand it more clearly.Learning things can be fun if you are willing to work with them.
Here's some advice for you：have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study，so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions （中断）；have everything ready before you sit down to study，a dictionary，paper，a pen and books；be sure you understand what you should learn before you start；read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things；when memorizing，first find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing；check your homework after you finish it；never forget the importance of review and preview.
（1）The main purpose of the article is 　 　 .
A.to prove that learning is not difficult
B.to make the readers be interested in study
C.to tell the importance of self﹣teaching
D.to tell the students how to study well
（2）The first thing to remember in studying is that 　 　 .
A.you must like the subject
B.you must follow the teacher
C.you must enjoy learning
D.you must study hard
（3）What do you think is the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.复习
B．预习
C．看见
D．浏览
（4）Which advice isn't mentioned in the text？ 　 　
A.Find a quiet place with good lighting.
B.Prepare everything before you begin to study.
C.Find a partner when you study.
D.Concentrate on the most important things.
4．（2024春 泸县校级期末） Can a robot provide helpful answers to your health concerns？That's the goal of Reach Digital Health，an organization that uses mobile technologies，like text messages，to provide helpful health﹣care information and guidance to people across Africa who can't easily reach a health﹣care provider.The continent has 17.89% of the world's population，23% of the diseases that disable and kill people，and only a small part of the world's health workers.
Reach Digital Health deals with millions of questions and sends millions of mostly automatic （自动的） and computerized answers per day.That is， "We first try to respond automatically to any question that they might have，" says Debbie Rogers，CEO of Reach Digital Health， "because we want to be able to give them an answer as quickly as possible." Besides，some words or responses can bring other interventions （干预）.If someone describes an emergency like "bleeding" in their message，for example，the system will instruct them to visit their nearest hospital as soon as possible.In addition，signs and diagnoses （诊断） reported through Reach Digital Health can be sent to governments in real﹣time so that informed public health decisions can be made quickly and responsibly.
Reach Digital Health also uses the information they collect to improve the health offerings of equipment，district or even entire country.It collects information from millions of women，which allows for shortcomings in training or medical supplies to be identified and corrected by providers and governmental health agencies.
The organization isn't just in South Africa.It's working in eight other countries in sub﹣Saharan Africa.In addition，through teamwork with the World Health Organization starting in 2020，they've enlarged their services across the globe and set up programs in Bangladesh and Indonesia.
（1）Reach Digital Health was founded to 　 　 .
A．prevent Africans from hunger
B．invent a powerful medical robot
C．offer Africans useful healthcare information
D．make medical investigation in Africa
（2）How does Reach Digital Health help a bleeding man？ 　 　
A．By directing him to the nearest hospital.
B．By sending him to a hospital.
C．By making diagnoses for him.
D．By giving him free medicine.
（3）What is the author's attitude toward Reach Digital Health？ 　 　
A．Puzzled.
B．Unclear.
C．Doubtful.
D．Supportive.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．Debbie Rogers：a far﹣sighted leader
B．Healthcare in Africa：a long way to go
C．Reach Digital Health：an incredibly profitable organization
D．Reach Digital Health：answering health concerns
5．（2024春 台安县校级期末） Landfills are places where a large amount of waste and other refuse is buried in the ground.They are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet﹣warming methane gas into the atmosphere，a new study suggests.
The study，which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday，is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern.For this purpose，the scientists used satellite data from four major cities around the world﹣﹣Delhi and Mumbai in India，Lahore in Pakistan and Buenos Aires in Argentina.
Based on the collected data，the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third﹣largest source of methane emissions（排放） worldwide，after oil and gas systems and agriculture.And further investigation shows that the methane released from the landfills is generated from the decomposition（分解）of natural waste in them，like food，wood or paper.
Methane，though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions，traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO2.Scientists estimate that at least 25 percent of today's warming is driven by methane from human actions.That's why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming.
Joannes Maasakkers，a leader of the study，said，"We found that these landfills，which are relatively small compared to city sizes，are responsible for a large part of total emissions from a given area."Another scientist，Euan Nisbet，who was not part of the study，said，"This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better，especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire，resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants（污染物）."He also added that the newer satellite technology and on﹣the﹣ground research make it easier for researchers to identify"who is polluting the world."
（1）Why did the scientists carry out the study？ 　 　
A.To reduce the emission of the methane.
B.To help the authorities control the global warming.
C.To test out the new satellite technology.
D.To clarify which places people are concerned about.
（2）What do we know about methane gas according to the passage？ 　 　
A.There exists methane in food，wood and paper.
B.Methane makes up most of the greenhouse gases.
C.More methane is released from landfills than from agriculture.
D.Methane prevents more heat in the air from escaping than CO2 does.
（3）What's Euan Nisbet's attitude towards the study？ 　 　
A.Favourable
B.Concerned
C.Unclear
D.Doubtful
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？ 　 　
A.Methane causes the temperature of the earth to go up.
B.Satellite data help identify the source of the pollutants.
C.Landfills are to blame for the release of much methane.
D.Waste and other refuse should be forbidden for their impact.
6．（2024春 青羊区校级期末） When we are desperately searching for our glasses，wallet or keys，we might wish to have a photo﹣graphic memory，but the truth is we are designed to forget.
In fact，the majority of what we experience in a given day is likely to be forgotten in less than 24 hours.And that is a good thing.Think of all the passing encounters with people you will never see again and the times you spend waiting in a queue at the supermarket.If our brains hoarded （贮藏） every moment of every experience，we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever﹣increasing pile of information.
So，if memory is not supposed to be a comprehensive collection of the past，what is the point of remembering at all？To answer this question，it helps to think about what it means to remember in the first place.For more than 25 years，I have studied how we are able to recall past events，an ability known as "episodic memory".It is described as the uniquely human capability for "mental time travel，roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen，independently of the physical laws that govern the universe".I first read this description of mental time travel when I was a graduate student，and I was deeply sceptical.Now，with the wisdom of age，I understand what it meant.
When you recall a rich episodic memory，there is a noticeable feeling of being transported back to a point in your past，a specific time and place.For instance，the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother.Findings from my lab and others have shown that，at the moment of remembering，the brain appears to return a bit to the state that it was in at the time，enabling us to relive these past experiences.
This is why，if you have misplaced your keys，it can be helpful to put yourself，mentally into the context where you last saw them.Getting in touch with the sights，sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories.
（1）Why does the author think forgetfulness is a good thing？ 　 　
A．We are born to forget the past events.
B．It helps to find the needed information.
C．All the encounters are not that pleasant.
D．Our brains fail to hoard important moments.
（2）What do we know about "episodic memory"？ 　 　
A．It partly depends on the physical laws.
B．It explains our ability to remember the past.
C．It becomes obvious with the wisdom of age.
D．It focuses on purposeful mental time travel.
（3）What is the author's purpose in mentioning freshly baked pastries？ 　 　
A．To express love for grandmother.
B．To share a feeling of time travel.
C．To illustrate a vivid episodic memory.
D．To forget precious past experiences.
（4）What can we do to find the misplaced keys？ 　 　
A．Recall the situation where we saw them.
B．Search the labs where we do experiments.
C．Think in our mind what they looked like.
D．Write our real thoughts related to them.
7．（2024春 麒麟区期末）Everyone has "down days".Maybe it's because of the bad weather，or the disappointing grades on a difficult test，and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school.But these symptoms（症状） often pass quickly，as teens move on to new school subjects，or meet with friends to prevent themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment.But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two lasting weeks，it might point to something serious.
As teenagers develop，they push new boundaries（边界），complain about rules and look for more free rights from their parents.According to the online Health Guide on Adolescent Development，parents must be lasting figures in their teenagers' life，providing safe boundaries for teens to grow，even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted.
Parents need to provide rules，while also remaining flexible（灵活的） and respectful of the growing teens' need for freedom.For example，teenagers will often feel frustrated，embarrassed，and even angry that thought they want freedom，they still need to ask their parents for an agreement to go to a friend's house，or need their mothers to take them to school.
The US Department of Education says that parents should respect and support their teen's choices as long as those choices won't have long﹣term harmful effects.For example，even if a parent doesn't enjoy the music his or her teen listens to，it's unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college，or lead to health problems.However，if that teen is drinking alcohol and driving，parents must get through strict punishments to teach that there are bad results for poor choices that come with increased freedom.
（1）Why do teen's feelings of bad days usually disappear quickly？ 　 　
A．Their teachers help them.
B．They take some medicine.
C．Their parents talk with them.
D．They change their attention.
（2）What does the example in paragraph 3 show？ 　 　
A．Freedom must be given at anytime.
B．Teens are mad at being controlled.
C．Teens need both freedom and proper rules.
D．Rules must be absolutely strict for teens.
（3）What should parents do about their teens' choices？ 　 　
A．Support their helpful hobbies.
B．Tell them which college to attend.
C．Cancel their after﹣school activities.
D．Get them away from singing pop songs.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．How to Be With Growing Teens
B．Causes of Teens' Sadness
C．Teens' Worries About Strict Rules
D．The Importance of Making Friends With Teens
8．（2024春 萝北县校级期末） Passenger ships，trade ships，and fishing boats are a normal part of life on the open sea.However，all their activity creates a great deal of noise underwater.Scientists who have studied the recordings of sound recorded with equipment placed underwater recently reported their observations that the ocean is getting noisier.
Another report on the effect of noise from ships on the behavior of whales shows it is likely that whales must call out more loudly to be heard over this noise.The whales find fish by producing clicking sounds and other noises，loud engine noise could be interfering with （妨碍） their efforts.
Michael Jasny，a policy expert for the Natural Resources Defense Council，says the rise of underwriter noise is influencing the ability of whales to communicate. "Shipping noise falls across the sea frequencies （频率） that these animals use for their important behaviors."
Mr.Jasny says sound travels very effectively underwater.And it is not just whales that he is worried about. "The entire web of life in the ocean depends on sound.And as more and more research has been done，it's been very clear that what we have on our hands is really a significant serious and global problem.
The main source of noise pollution is the propeller （螺旋桨）.Better shaped propellers and ship designs can help cut down on noise pollution.Michael Bahtiarian，who works for Noise Control Engineering —a company which helped design the boats —said， "The technology to make quieter ships does exist and has been used in the military for some time.NOAA （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration） has four new ships that have such costly engines，which produce less noise.These NOAA ships show that you can get quiet —I think they're quiet enough —because they are able to go up quietly and count a fish and not startle the fish so that they can actually count them."
The shipping industry in the United States wants to be part of the solution to the noise problem，Kathy Metcalf，who works for the Chamber of Shipping of America，says it will be much less costly for the industry if it chooses to build quieter ships instead of being forced to do so.
（1）What kind of effect do you think the noise made by ships has according to the passage？ 　 　
A.It is sure to get stronger in the future.
B.It influences the normal life of whales.
C.It makes underwater equipment unable to work normally.
D.It makes it hard for scientists to track the activities of deep sea creatures.
（2）What does Mr.Jasny want to express？ 　 　
A.Whales' skill in finding food gets hurt most.
B.There is no better way of solving the problem.
C.The problem is far more serious than we thought.
D.The frequencies of shipping noise should be increased.
（3）What does the underlined word "startle" in Paragraph 5 mean？ 　 　
A.Frighten.
B.Catch.
C.Dive.
D.Feed.
（4）What can we infer from the passage？ 　 　
A.Quieter ships have been designed to save money.
B.The shipping industry should make quieter ships actively.
C.The shipping designers are ordered to build quieter ships.
D.The four new ships are the most advanced ships in the ocean.
9．（2024春 牡丹江校级期末） A possible treatment for Florida's disastrous red tides （赤潮） took another step toward widespread use after successful testing in Sarasota Bay.
This study，led by UCF Assistant Professor of Biology Kristy Lewis，is the first successful test of any red tide treatment technology in open water using large water containers （容器）.These containers —about six feet in diameter —extend from the waters' surface to the ocean floor，allowing scientists to test real ocean conditions within a controlled setting.Four containers were treated with a clay （黏土） solution，while the other four served as a control.
The clay along with the Karenia brevis algae （海藻），which is responsible for Florida red tide，is put on the ocean floor.Lewis has spent the last three years carefully testing the impact of introducing this clay into the ocean ecosystem.She not only looks for changes in the water's quality，but also wants to know how the clay affects the health of sea life. "We want to make sure the treatment is not worse than the disease，" she says.
At first，the test was simply to measure the influence of the clay on the ecosystem，but an unexpected red tide event caused Lewis to make the test practical.The results suggest the clay performed as expected，but there's still a question of whether the bad effects of algae remain active on the ocean floor.Water collected during the test should provide an answer.Next steps depend on the test results，but there are already plans to survey what happened to the clay﹣coated algae when it's used near seagrass beds.
Visiting Sarasota.Florida，in the middle of a red tide event reminded Lewis just how important the research is to keep the state's coast healthy.Lewis says she's prepared to go another three years if that's what it takes to find an acceptable solution to red tides.
（1）What was the purpose of the study？ 　 　
A．To plant more seagrass.
B．To fight against red tides.
C．To collect clean water.
D．To produce containers.
（2）What made Lewis redesign the test？ 　 　
A．Her original work plan.
B．An unforgettable tour.
C．Her team's suggestion.
D．An unexpected red tide.
（3）What does Lewis hope to do in the near future？ 　 　
A．Work with the locals.
B．Report Florida red tides.
C．Further her research.
D．Study seafood industry.
（4）In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？ 　 　
A．Nature.
B．Business.
C．Education.
D．Lifestyle.
10．（2024春 永州期末） Are you a fan of birds？If so，you may have admired their beautiful colors and sweet songs.But do you know these feathered friends can actually do more than that？
A new study published in the journal Scientific Reports finds that exposure to birds，either in the home or outdoors，can boost people's moods.
Researchers at King's College London used a smartphone app built by the school's Urban Mind project to collect the real﹣time feelings of study participants upon seeing or hearing a bird.A total of 1，292 people living in the United Kingdom，Europe，and the United States participated in the study which was conducted between April 2018 and October 2021.
The app asked participants three times a day whether they could see or hear a bird followed by a series of questions on their mental well﹣being.Participants were also asked questions about whether they could see trees，plants or hear any water to see if people were experiencing better mental well﹣being due to being in or seeing nature，and not just because of exposure to birds.
According to the study，the mental well﹣being of study participants with and without depression was significantly improved after seeing a bird or hearing birdsong compared to not seeing or hearing a bird.
There is a growing number of studies that link spending time outdoors （either in green leafy places or next to bodies of water） to improved mental health.But there are few studies that look at how different aspects of nature can play into humans' mental well﹣being.
And while the study adds to the small pile of research on birds and mental health，the report marks the first time researchers have studied the responses to birds and mental well﹣being in real﹣time，according to Ryan Hammoud，lead author of the study.
"They kind of examine nature as a single object when nature includes many different characteristics and features like trees，plants，water，birds，" said Hammoud， "We choose to focus on bird life to try and understand which specific characteristics of nature benefit mental well﹣being."
（1）What is the purpose of paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．To introduce a phenomenon.
B．To bring in the topic.
C．To ask an interesting question.
D．To provide background information.
（2）How did the researchers conduct the study？ 　 　
A．By analyzing previous studies.
B．By observing the behavior of birds.
C．By gathering feelings of participants.
D．By studying people's effect on birds.
（3）What does Hammoud think of the new study？ 　 　
A．Pioneering.
B．Interesting.
C．Conventional.
D．Practical.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？ 　 　
A．Bird watching has become a popular hobby.
B．Exposure to birds can improve mental well﹣being.
C．Nature is the best medicine for mental health issues.
D．Spending time outdoors can impact mental health positively.
11．（2022春 北海期末）Smart Highway is a creative idea for smart roads of tomorrow：Smart Highway is the result of the teamwork between builder and developer Heijmans and designer Daan Roosegaarde.
Among them，Glowing Lines，the world's first light﹣emitting （发光的） highway，is a safe and environment﹣friendly road.The site of the pilot project is a part of the N329 Highway in Oss，located in the province of Noord﹣Brabant，the Netherlands.
The road was built by Heijmans and was designed by Daan Roosegaarde，using light﹣ emitting paints.The paints absorb ultraviolet light （紫外线） during the day and give it off for up to 10 hours at night.Solar energy panels （太阳能板） or other sources of power can provide energy to make sure that the road continues to provide light as required，despite weather or daylight hours.
The Van Gogh﹣Roosegaarde bicycle path is a creative path，inspired by Van Gogh's The Starry Night and designed by Daan Roosegaarde.There are thousands of light﹣emitting stones，giving visitors an experience of poetry and design.The path gets energy at daytime and emits light during the night.It is supported by LED light to make sure of safety，quality and light during the whole night.Art and technology merge in this new，public view.The bicycle path is 600 metres long and is part of the Van Gogh cycling path.
The Van Gogh﹣Roosegaarde bicycle path is set up as a cultural and enjoyable road，based on the light﹣emitting technologies developed for the Smart Highway.Riding a bicycle at this site is a wonderful experience.Furthermore，the path is lit up in such an environment﹣friendly way without destroying the ecology.As a tourist attraction，the bicycle path also offers economic added value to the Eindhoven region：Visitors can experience the pathway in the evening and will likely stay in the region longer.
（1）What can we know about the Glowing Lines？ 　 　
A．It cannot provide light continuously in bad weather.
B．It brings light pollution to the environment.
C．It's the result of the teamwork among builders，developers and designers.
D．It's the only highway in the world which can emit light.
（2）What does the underlined word "merge" in paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A．Come out.
B．Take off.
C．Take over.
D．Mix together.
（3）What can we infer about the Van Gogh﹣Roosegaarde bicycle path from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．It only attracts cyclists to Eindhoven.
B．It should be built in other cities.
C．It can promote the local economy.
D．Its light has bad effects on ecology.
（4）What is the purpose of this text？ 　 　
A．To tell us what future roads are like.
B．To show the history of the road development.
C．To stress the high technology of the Netherlands.
D．To introduce two smart roads.
12．（2024春 咸阳期末） An Inuit﹣developed app，named SIKU after the Inuktitut for "sea ice"，allows local communities from Alaska to Greenland to connect traditional knowledge with scientific data to track changes in the environment，and make decisions about how to manage wildlife.
A group of Inuit elders and hunters from Sanikiluaq，Nunavut，thought up the idea for SIKU more than ten years ago to document and understand the changing sea ice they were seeing in southeastern Hudson Bay.The group turned to the local non﹣profit Arctic Eider Society （AES） to develop a web﹣based platform （平台）.
Over the years，SIKU has developed，and recently，the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge：sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones.In 2019，SIKU was reintroduced as a full﹣fledged （全面发展的） social network —a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings，hunts，sea ice conditions and more.The posts tell stories of hunting and traveling；the impacts of climate change and industrial activity；and the traditions，diets and illnesses of local animals.
Inuit communities are already using the app to inform important decisions.In 2021，for example，elders in Sanikiluaq were worried that the local reindeer （驯鹿） population had reduced，so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates.The information led the association to close the hunt for a short time to reduce pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly when the number of reindeer increased.
Traditionally，Inuit communities shared this information orally （口头上地）. "We have lived in the environment for centuries and know about the wildlife.Now armed with SIKU，information is documented in a way that other people will understand.The advantage of SIKU is that it's part science and part Inuit knowledge and it supports community﹣driven research，" says Lucassie Arragutainaq，a co﹣founder of AES.
（1）What was the purpose of developing SIKU in the beginning？ 　 　
A．To raise money for AES.
B．To pass on Inuit tradition.
C．To attract more visitors to Inuit communities.
D．To record and learn about the changing sea ice.
（2）Why is reindeer mentioned in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．To further prove the role of SIKU.
B．To advise people to pay more attention to SIKU.
C．To call on visitors and locals to protect reindeer.
D．To tell the benefits of the Hunters and Trappers Association.
（3）What is the attitude of Lucassie Arragutainaq toward SIKU？ 　 　
A．Doubtful.
B．Worried.
C．Puzzled.
D．Supportive.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．SIKU：Overcoming Environmental Challenges
B．SIKU：Informing Decision Of Local Communities
C．SIKU：Joining Traditional Wisdom To Modern Technology
D．SIKU：Advantages Over Other Local Social Media Platforms
13．（2024春 袁州区校级期末） People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past.Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present cases.It is an important part of our identity.So is culture，the way of life specific to a group of people.
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text，oral traditions，monuments and other symbols.Cultural memory is often amassed in objects，such as museums or historical monuments.To understand culture，humans access a mass of cultural symbols，such as books.Artifacts （历史文物） of the past provide insights into where we came from.Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture.Cultural memory is the longest﹣lasting form of memory.
Like all forms of memory，cultural memory has important functions.For example，it makes the experiences a nation owns clear.It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong.Besides，it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members.The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims.For example，in Russia，their role in World War Ⅱ —in which tens of millions of Russians were killed —is still an important part of modern Russian identity.Because all groups have cultural memory，it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past，whether it is good or bad.Rather，it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.Aleida Assmann，a professor who has worked on memory theory since the 1960s，calls this "remembering forward".Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture；it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces （痕迹） of what worked in the past.
（1）What is the function of the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B.Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C.Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D.Making a connection between memory and culture.
（2）Which can replace the underlined word "amassed" in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.Stored.
B.Ignored.
C.Damaged.
D.Created.
（3）Russia is mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate 　 　 .
A.the features of cultural memory
B.the formation of cultural memory
C.the role of big events in Russian identity
D.the impact of cultural memory on identity
（4）What is cultural memory mainly expected to do？ 　 　
A.Pass previous wisdom down.
B.Keep traces of history.
C.Get people to know about the past.
D.Remind people of their identity.
14．（2024秋 深圳校级期末） Everyone knows this：Slowly turn up the heat on a frog in a pot of water，and the frog won't hop out.Unaware of the slight increase in heat，it will stay put until — well，until it dies.When it comes to the effect of rising global temperatures on amphibians（两栖动物），the frog﹣boiling fable is more than just a metaphor（隐喻）.
Climate change is becoming one of the biggest threats to frogs and other amphibians，according to a major study published Wednesday in the journal Nature.Between 2004 and 2022，rising temperatures became the primary reason why more than 100 amphibian species were slipping toward extinction.
The spread of disease among frogs and the destruction of their habitats have long been recognized as reasons why many amphibians are decreasing.But this new study establishes climate change as a major risk for amphibians around the world，too.The soft﹣skinned animals lack the fur and feathers to help adjust their temperature in this hotter and more drought﹣stricken world.
Less attention is paid to frogs and other amphibians compared to more well﹣known groups like birds.But losing amphibians would be disastrous because they often act as a key link in the food web of ecosystems，wolfing insects down and，in turn，being eaten by larger predators（捕食者）."Without those amphibians to fill that role，we will see the breakdown of this food web，" said Neam，who works for an Austin﹣based environmental group.
Luckily，habitat protection and other conservation measures have been taken to help recover more than five dozen amphibians from Costa Rica to Malaysia."It's not all bad news，"said Jennifer Luedtke，an amphibian group leader with the International Union for Conservation of Nature."But we really must build on this improvement and significantly increase investment in amphibian conservation."
（1）How is the topic introduced？ 　 　
A.By listing facts.
B.By explaining ideas.
C.By sharing a story.
D.By raising a question.
（2）What is the main reason for the decrease of amphibians according to the new study？ 　 　
A.The spread of disease.
B.The loss of habitats.
C.The rise of temperature.
D.The lack of feathers.
（3）What will happen if the number of amphibians decreases？ 　 　
A.The food chain will be destroyed.
B.Wolves will depend more on insects.
C.Predators will be the key role of the web.
D.The ecosystem will become more diverse.
（4）How does Luedtke feel about the future of amphibians？ 　 　
A.Worried.
B.Hopeful.
C.Uncertain.
D.Curious.
15．（2024春 济宁期末） Ponds are a rich source of biodiversity，providing natural environments for many rare and endangered species，including plants，insects，birds and bats.Ponds show far greater variation than rivers and streams.Yet，for a century or so，ponds have been ignored by scientists.
Why have we overlooked such a significant part of the natural world？A key reason appears to be the cognitive bias（认知偏见） where we assume that if something is small，it can't be all that important.Rather than study ponds，biologists in the past typically headed for the largest lake or river they could find.Most of us also devalue ponds because we assume they are human﹣made habitats and don't realize that these waters have a deeply ancient origin.Ponds have clearly existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water and the geological record shows they have been a long﹣lasting presence.
Ignoring ponds within science has had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife.It has created a world view in which policy﹣makers can simply ignore the big networks of ponds that make up so much of the global water environment.In Europe，for example，the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares.
Fortunately，views are changing.Last year，the Ramsar Convention，an international agreement，introduced a resolution（决议） on small wetlands，including ponds，giving more recognition to them.And the European Union﹣funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe's ponds.
However，if we want to make use of the biodiversity power that ponds offer，there remains much to do.In a world where fresh water faces big challenges，creating and protecting ponds provides a ray of hope：a piece of natural ecological engineering we can easily achieve to help support biodiversity.
（1）What can be learned about ponds from paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.They are difficult to research.
B.They fail to get due attention.
C.They are too small to support wildlife.
D.They have greater importance than rivers.
（2）What does the cognitive bias assume？ 　 　
A.Ponds are short﹣lived.
B.Rivers are fully﹣developed.
C.Small things are unimportant.
D.Natural habitats are unnoticed.
（3）Why is the Water Framework Directive mentioned in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To solve a problem.
B.To present a fact.
C.To prove a point.
D.To make a comparison.
（4）What does the author imply in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Exploring ponds has a long way to go.
B.Ecological diversity is easy to realize.
C.Fresh water supply can meet our needs.
D.Building ponds can promote economy.
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 凉州区期末） If you want to make yourself happy then you should know what to do.Here are some suggestions for you.
Get enough sleep.Enough sleep makes you healthy.A healthy body brings you more fun.You should sleep for 7 to 9 hours each night.Make sure to go to bed and get up around the same time every day.
Eat healthy meals.Another thing you can make yourself happier is to eat three healthy meals a day.It will provide you with energy，and make you think well.No matter how busy you are，be careful of what you eat.Because it can improve your happiness.
Find time to relax.You should try to give yourself at least 30 minutes a day for relaxation.You.can't spend every second of your day working，or you'll feel tired and terrible.You may read a magazine，watch TV or talk to your best friend on the phone to relax yourself.
（1）According to the writer，we should sleep for 　C　 each night.
A.1 to 2 hours
B.3 to 4 hours
C.7 to 9 hours
D.12 to 15 hours
（2）The writer suggests that we go to bed and get up around the 　B　 time every day.
A.early
B.same
C.different
D.late
（3）Healthy meals can provide us with 　A　 .
A.Energy
B.sleep
C.suggestions
D.ways
（4）The writer gives 　B　 suggestions to make us happy.
A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five
【答案】CBAB
【分析】本文是说明文。提供了一些关于如何让自己更快乐的实用建议，包括保证充足的睡眠、吃健康的饮食和找时间放松。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段You should sleep for 7 to 9 hours each night.（你每晚应该睡7到9个小时。）可知，根据作者的说法，我们每天晚上都应该睡7到9小时。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第二段Make sure to go to bed and get up around the same time every day.（确保每天在同一时间上床睡觉和起床。）可知，作者建议我们每天在同一时间上床睡觉和起床。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三段Eat healthy meals.Another thing you can make yourself happier is to eat three healthy meals a day.It will provide you with energy，and make you think well.（吃健康的食物。另一件你可以让自己更快乐的事情是每天吃三顿健康的饭。它会给你提供能量，让你好好思考。）可知，健康饮食可以为我们提供能量。故选A项。
（4）细节理解题。由本文第二段Get enough sleep.（保证充足的睡眠。）第三段Eat healthy meals.（吃健康的食物。）以及最后一段Find time to relax.（找时间放松一下。）可知，作者给出了三条使我们快乐的建议。故选B项。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
2．（2024春 安化县期末） It is reported that half the world's forests have already been destroyed.This widespread destruction is due to deforestation（采伐森林）.Deforestation is the removal of a forest or group of trees where the land is later transformed to a non﹣forest use.Cutting down trees is necessary for man's survival.However，deforestation has a number of negative effects on the environment and needs to be controlled.
There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources.Essential items like paper，furniture and charcoal are all made from trees.Deforestation is also carried out to clear land for farming and to make room for roads and houses.As the population grows，more of the forest has to be cleared.
Although deforestation is necessary up to a point，it has some negative effects on the environment.Firstly，cutting down forests destroys animal habitats，leaving them with no place to live in.Deforestation also allows erosion （腐蚀） to occur，which leaves the land easy to landslides and makes it difficult for plants to grow there.Finally，the removal of trees also worsens air pollution.Trees act as natural air filters that change carbon dioxide into oxygen.When they are removed，carbon dioxide can build up and pollute the atmosphere.Hence，it is obvious that deforestation harms the environment.
Due to the harm deforestation causes，it is necessary to control it.There are a number of ways to do this.One of them is to make better use of farming land.That means we do not need as much land for farming，and hence do not need to cut down so many trees.There must also be laws to limit deforestation and these laws must be enforced strictly.On top of that，reforestation（重新造林） must be carried out systematically.This method involves planting new trees and plants in areas where deforestation has occurred to replace what was destroyed.
To sum up，although deforestation must be carried out，it can harm the environment and must be controlled.Beyond a certain point，this damage to the environment cannot be fixed.Hence，we should do our best to make sure that the damage is never too great to fix.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ 　C　
A.How people get farmland.
B.What trees mean to human beings.
C.Why people deforest.
D.What effect deforestation has on environment.
（2）What consequence may deforestation bring to animals according to the text？ 　A　
A.Homelessness.
B.Extinction.
C.Disease.
D.Wounds.
（3）According to the text，how can we control the harm of deforestation？ 　D　
A.By replacing new trees.
B.By banning deforestation.
C.By passing laws to limit farmland.
D.By making the best of farmland.
（4）What may be the worst result if deforestation is beyond control？ 　C　
A.Carbon dioxide will pollute the atmosphere.
B.There will not be any forest left in the world.
C.The damage to the environment will be beyond repair.
D.People will have no trees as resources for essential items.
【答案】CADC
【分析】本篇是说明文。文章介绍了过度采伐森林的后果以及解决方法。
【解答】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources.（砍伐树木有两个主要目的，其中之一是利用树木作为资源）可知，本段主要讲述了砍伐森林的目的和原因。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Firstly，cutting down forests destroys animal habitats，leaving them with no place to live in.（首先，砍伐森林破坏了动物的栖息地，使它们没有地方居住）可知，人们砍伐森林破坏了动物的栖息地，使动物没有地方居住。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段One of them is to make better use of farming land.（其中之一是更好地利用耕地）可知，控制滥砍滥伐的方法之一就是更好地利用耕地。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Beyond a certain point，this damage to the environment cannot be fixed.（超过一定程度，这种对环境的破坏就无法修复）可知，过度砍伐森林将对环境造成无法弥补的损害。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．（2024春 耒阳市校级期末） Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student.By using your time properly，you can do your homework more quickly.Learning to study is not difficult.
The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean，however，that you must be willing to do whatever is necessary to learn.Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later to do and learn other things.Knowing mathematics facts will be useful in your whole life.Knowing how to spell makes any kind of writing easier.Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be exciting when you begin to work at it and understand it more clearly.Learning things can be fun if you are willing to work with them.
Here's some advice for you：have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study，so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions （中断）；have everything ready before you sit down to study，a dictionary，paper，a pen and books；be sure you understand what you should learn before you start；read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things；when memorizing，first find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing；check your homework after you finish it；never forget the importance of review and preview.
（1）The main purpose of the article is 　D　 .
A.to prove that learning is not difficult
B.to make the readers be interested in study
C.to tell the importance of self﹣teaching
D.to tell the students how to study well
（2）The first thing to remember in studying is that 　C　 .
A.you must like the subject
B.you must follow the teacher
C.you must enjoy learning
D.you must study hard
（3）What do you think is the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph？ 　B　
A.复习
B．预习
C．看见
D．浏览
（4）Which advice isn't mentioned in the text？ 　C　
A.Find a quiet place with good lighting.
B.Prepare everything before you begin to study.
C.Find a partner when you study.
D.Concentrate on the most important things.
【答案】DCBC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出成为更好学生的关键在于掌握有效的学习方法，建议读者首先要有学习的意愿，并提供了具体的学习建议。
【解答】（1）目的意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student. （知道最好的学习方法将帮助你成为一个更好的学生）可知文章的主要目的在于告诉学生如何好好学习。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn.It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject.It does mean，however，that you must be willing to do whatever is necessary to learn. （首先要记住的是，你必须愿意学习。这并不意味着你必须总是喜欢这门学科。然而，它确实意味着你必须愿意做任何必要的学习）可知，在学习中要记住的第一件事是你必须喜欢学习。故选C项。
（3）词句猜测题。划线词的上文never forget the importance of review （永远不要忘记复习的重要性）建议牢记复习的重要性，划线单词和review"复习"是并列关系，意思应该是"预习"。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段中have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study （每天有固定的时间和一个光线好的安静的地方学习）和have everything ready before you sit down to study，a dictionary，paper，a pen and books （在你坐下来学习之前，准备好所有的东西：字典、纸、笔和书）和read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things （仔细阅读，特别注意最重要的东西）可知，文章有提及找一个光线好的安静地方，在开始学习之前准备好一切，把注意力集中在最重要的事情上，未提及学习时找个伙伴。故选C项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4．（2024春 泸县校级期末） Can a robot provide helpful answers to your health concerns？That's the goal of Reach Digital Health，an organization that uses mobile technologies，like text messages，to provide helpful health﹣care information and guidance to people across Africa who can't easily reach a health﹣care provider.The continent has 17.89% of the world's population，23% of the diseases that disable and kill people，and only a small part of the world's health workers.
Reach Digital Health deals with millions of questions and sends millions of mostly automatic （自动的） and computerized answers per day.That is， "We first try to respond automatically to any question that they might have，" says Debbie Rogers，CEO of Reach Digital Health， "because we want to be able to give them an answer as quickly as possible." Besides，some words or responses can bring other interventions （干预）.If someone describes an emergency like "bleeding" in their message，for example，the system will instruct them to visit their nearest hospital as soon as possible.In addition，signs and diagnoses （诊断） reported through Reach Digital Health can be sent to governments in real﹣time so that informed public health decisions can be made quickly and responsibly.
Reach Digital Health also uses the information they collect to improve the health offerings of equipment，district or even entire country.It collects information from millions of women，which allows for shortcomings in training or medical supplies to be identified and corrected by providers and governmental health agencies.
The organization isn't just in South Africa.It's working in eight other countries in sub﹣Saharan Africa.In addition，through teamwork with the World Health Organization starting in 2020，they've enlarged their services across the globe and set up programs in Bangladesh and Indonesia.
（1）Reach Digital Health was founded to 　C　 .
A．prevent Africans from hunger
B．invent a powerful medical robot
C．offer Africans useful healthcare information
D．make medical investigation in Africa
（2）How does Reach Digital Health help a bleeding man？ 　A　
A．By directing him to the nearest hospital.
B．By sending him to a hospital.
C．By making diagnoses for him.
D．By giving him free medicine.
（3）What is the author's attitude toward Reach Digital Health？ 　D　
A．Puzzled.
B．Unclear.
C．Doubtful.
D．Supportive.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　D　
A．Debbie Rogers：a far﹣sighted leader
B．Healthcare in Africa：a long way to go
C．Reach Digital Health：an incredibly profitable organization
D．Reach Digital Health：answering health concerns
【答案】CADD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Reach Digital Health组织的作用、工作原理以及优点。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段That's the goal of Reach Digital Health，an organization that uses mobile technologies，like text messages，to provide helpful health﹣care information and guidance to people across Africa who can't easily reach a health﹣care provider.（这就是Reach Digital Health的目标。该组织利用短信等移动技术，为非洲各地无法轻易找到医疗服务提供者的人们提供有用的医疗信息和指导）可知，Reach Digital Health的成立是为了向非洲人提供有用的医疗保健信息。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段If someone describes an emergency like "bleeding" in their message，for example，the system will instruct them to visit their nearest hospital as soon as possible.（例如，如果有人在信息中描述了像"出血"这样的紧急情况，系统就会指示他们尽快去最近的医院）可推知，Reach Digital Health指引他去最近的医院来帮助一个流血的人。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据倒数第二段It collects information from millions of women，which allows for shortcomings in training or medical supplies to be identified and corrected by providers and governmental health agencies.（它从数百万妇女那里收集信息，使提供者和政府卫生机构能够发现和纠正培训或医疗用品方面的缺陷）可知，作者对Reach Digital Health的态度是支持的。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Can a robot provide helpful answers to your health concerns？That's the goal of Reach Digital Health，an organization that uses mobile technologies，like text messages，to provide helpful health﹣care information and guidance to people across Africa who can't easily reach a health﹣care provider.（机器人能为你的健康问题提供有用的答案吗？这就是Reach Digital Health的目标。该组织利用短信等移动技术，为非洲各地无法轻易找到医疗服务提供者的人们提供有用的医疗信息和指导）结合文章主要介绍了Reach Digital Health组织的作用、工作原理以及优点。可知，D选项"接触数字健康：回答健康问题"最符合文章标题。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2024春 台安县校级期末） Landfills are places where a large amount of waste and other refuse is buried in the ground.They are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet﹣warming methane gas into the atmosphere，a new study suggests.
The study，which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday，is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern.For this purpose，the scientists used satellite data from four major cities around the world﹣﹣Delhi and Mumbai in India，Lahore in Pakistan and Buenos Aires in Argentina.
Based on the collected data，the scientists have drawn the conclusion that landfills are the third﹣largest source of methane emissions（排放） worldwide，after oil and gas systems and agriculture.And further investigation shows that the methane released from the landfills is generated from the decomposition（分解）of natural waste in them，like food，wood or paper.
Methane，though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions，traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO2.Scientists estimate that at least 25 percent of today's warming is driven by methane from human actions.That's why landfills are partly to blame for the global warming.
Joannes Maasakkers，a leader of the study，said，"We found that these landfills，which are relatively small compared to city sizes，are responsible for a large part of total emissions from a given area."Another scientist，Euan Nisbet，who was not part of the study，said，"This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better，especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire，resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants（污染物）."He also added that the newer satellite technology and on﹣the﹣ground research make it easier for researchers to identify"who is polluting the world."
（1）Why did the scientists carry out the study？ 　B　
A.To reduce the emission of the methane.
B.To help the authorities control the global warming.
C.To test out the new satellite technology.
D.To clarify which places people are concerned about.
（2）What do we know about methane gas according to the passage？ 　D　
A.There exists methane in food，wood and paper.
B.Methane makes up most of the greenhouse gases.
C.More methane is released from landfills than from agriculture.
D.Methane prevents more heat in the air from escaping than CO2 does.
（3）What's Euan Nisbet's attitude towards the study？ 　A　
A.Favourable
B.Concerned
C.Unclear
D.Doubtful
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？ 　C　
A.Methane causes the temperature of the earth to go up.
B.Satellite data help identify the source of the pollutants.
C.Landfills are to blame for the release of much methane.
D.Waste and other refuse should be forbidden for their impact.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要指出，一项新研究显示垃圾填埋场是大气中大量温室气体甲烷的重要来源，位列全球第三大甲烷排放源。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段The study，which was published in Science Advances on Wednesday，is aimed at helping local governments carry out targeted efforts to limit global warming by identifying areas of major concern.（这项研究于周三在科学进展发表，旨在通过确定主要关注领域，帮助地方政府采取有针对性的措施来限制全球变暖。）可知科学家进行这项研究是为了帮助当局控制全球变暖。故答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Methane，though only accounting for about 11 percent of greenhouse gas emissions，traps 80 times more heat in the atmosphere than CO2.（甲烷虽然只占温室气体排放量的11%，但在大气中吸收的热量是二氧化碳的80倍。）可知甲烷比二氧化碳能阻止空气中更多的热量散失。故答案为D。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Another scientist，Euan Nisbet，who was not part of the study，said，"This new work shows just how important it is to manage landfills better，especially in countries like India where landfills are often on fire，resulting in a wide range of damaging pollutants（污染物）."He also added that the newer satellite technology and on﹣the﹣ground research make it easier for researchers to identify"who is polluting the world."（另一位科学家尤安 尼斯贝特没有参与这项研究，他说："这项新工作表明更好地管理垃圾填埋场是多么重要，特别是在印度这样的国家，垃圾填埋场经常着火，导致各种有害污染物。"他还补充说，更新的卫星技术和地面研究使研究人员更容易确定"谁在污染世界"。）可知尤安 尼斯贝特对这项研究的态度是积极的。故答案为A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Landfills are places where a large amount of waste and other refuse is buried in the ground.They are responsible for releasing a large amount of planet﹣warming methane gas into the atmosphere，a new study suggests.（垃圾填埋场是将大量废物和其他垃圾埋在地下的地方。一项新的研究表明，它们向大气中释放了大量导致地球变暖的甲烷气体。）可知本文主要讲述了垃圾填埋场是释放大量甲烷的罪魁祸首。故答案为C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
6．（2024春 青羊区校级期末） When we are desperately searching for our glasses，wallet or keys，we might wish to have a photo﹣graphic memory，but the truth is we are designed to forget.
In fact，the majority of what we experience in a given day is likely to be forgotten in less than 24 hours.And that is a good thing.Think of all the passing encounters with people you will never see again and the times you spend waiting in a queue at the supermarket.If our brains hoarded （贮藏） every moment of every experience，we would never be able to find the information we need among an ever﹣increasing pile of information.
So，if memory is not supposed to be a comprehensive collection of the past，what is the point of remembering at all？To answer this question，it helps to think about what it means to remember in the first place.For more than 25 years，I have studied how we are able to recall past events，an ability known as "episodic memory".It is described as the uniquely human capability for "mental time travel，roaming at will over what has happened as readily as over what might happen，independently of the physical laws that govern the universe".I first read this description of mental time travel when I was a graduate student，and I was deeply sceptical.Now，with the wisdom of age，I understand what it meant.
When you recall a rich episodic memory，there is a noticeable feeling of being transported back to a point in your past，a specific time and place.For instance，the smell of freshly baked pastries might remind you of having breakfast with your grandmother.Findings from my lab and others have shown that，at the moment of remembering，the brain appears to return a bit to the state that it was in at the time，enabling us to relive these past experiences.
This is why，if you have misplaced your keys，it can be helpful to put yourself，mentally into the context where you last saw them.Getting in touch with the sights，sounds and thoughts from an earlier time period can be an effective way of accessing those memories.
（1）Why does the author think forgetfulness is a good thing？ 　B　
A．We are born to forget the past events.
B．It helps to find the needed information.
C．All the encounters are not that pleasant.
D．Our brains fail to hoard important moments.
（2）What do we know about "episodic memory"？ 　B　
A．It partly depends on the physical laws.
B．It explains our ability to remember the past.
C．It becomes obvious with the wisdom of age.
D．It focuses on purposeful mental time travel.
（3）What is the author's purpose in mentioning freshly baked pastries？ 　C　
A．To express love for grandmother.
B．To share a feeling of time travel.
C．To illustrate a vivid episodic memory.
D．To forget precious past experiences.
（4）What can we do to find the misplaced keys？ 　A　
A．Recall the situation where we saw them.
B．Search the labs where we do experiments.
C．Think in our mind what they looked like.
D．Write our real thoughts related to them.
【答案】BBCA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了我们的大脑是如何记忆和遗忘的，以及记忆的重要性。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段If our brains hoarded （贮藏） every mom

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