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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Welcome to unit
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Unleash Your Curiosity: The World of Scientists
走进科学家的奇妙世界
Fascinating Invention Stories of Scientists
Did you know that Newton discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head Such amazing stories are everywhere in the world of science. Explore more to uncover the secrets behind these great inventions!
Experience the Scientific Research Atmosphere
Let's watch a video clip of at doctors work. See how they conduct experiments and make discoveries. It's a window into the exciting world of scientific research!
The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth.
—Irving Langmuir/ v l mj (r)/
　　科学家的驱动力主要是好奇心和对真理的渴望。
——欧文 · 朗缪尔（美国化学家、物理学家）
mo·tiv·ate / m t ve t/ 推动…甘愿苦干；激励；激发；成为…的动机；是…的原因；（就所说的话）给出理由；说明…的原因
pri·mar·ily /pra mer li/ mainly，chiefly主要地；根本地
curi·os·ity/ kj ri s ti/ 好奇心；求知欲
truth /tru θ/ 真理；真相；实情；事实；真实情况
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词汇探索：打开科学家世界的钥匙
词汇学习，搭建认知科学家的桥梁
核心词汇揭秘：科学家与贡献的语言密码
科学家
Scientist: 指专门从事科学研究的人，是推动科学进步的主力军。
发现
Discovery: 表示科学家通过研究获得的新事物、新规律等重要成果。
发明
Invention: 强调科学家创造出原本不存在的东西，改变人们的生活。
理论
Theory: 是科学家对自然现象等进行解释和说明的体系。
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发音宝典：走进科学家的语言世界
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
Albert Einstein: 发音为 / lb t a nsta n/，伟大的物理学家。
玛丽·居里
Marie Curie: 发音为 / m ri kj ri/，杰出的女科学家。
艾萨克·牛顿
Isaac Newton: 发音为 / a z k nju tn/，经典力学的奠基人。
伽利略·伽利雷
Galileo Galilei: 发音为 / ɡ l le ɡ l le i/，著名天文学家。
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Let's Dive into Scientist Listening
开启科学家听力探索之旅
Many scientists have changed our lives and made a difference to the world. Watch the video and finish the following exercises.
hybrid rice/ ha br d ra s/
杂交水稻
hybrid/ ha br d/ adj./n.
混合动力汽车;杂种动物；杂交植物；杂种;（不同事物的）混合物，合成物;杂交的;混合的
Yuan Longping
In 1953, he ______________ South-west Agricultural College.
In the 1970s, he _____________________ the first hybrid rice varieties.
Stephen Hawking / sti vn h k /斯蒂芬·霍金（英国物理学家）
He ________________________ the field of general relativity.
In 1988, A Brief History of Time was published and stayed on a bestseller list for __________. 畅销书排行榜
South-west Agricultural College西南农学院 / gr k lt r l/农业的
suc·ceed/s k si d/ 达到目的；实现目标；办到；做成
var·iety/v ra ti/ （植物、语言等的）变种，变体；异体；品种
general relativity / rel t v ti/ 广义相对论
graduated from
succeeded in developing
made great contributions to
237 weeks
1. What else do you know about the two scientists in the video
Yuan Longping had an asteroid named after him. In 1999, the asteroid project team who discovered it decided to honour this great man for his achievement in developing hybrid rice. The asteroid is called “Yuan Longping star”.
as·ter·oid / st r d/ 小行星
hon·our / n (r)/ 尊敬，尊重（某人）;给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）
Stephen Hawking fulfilled his lifelong dream of experiencing zero gravity, even though he was wheelchair-bound. His dream came true when he flew in a special zero gravity airplane in 2007.
ful·fil /f l f l/ 实现;履行；执行；符合；具备;起…作用；目的是;使高兴；使满意
life·long / la fl / 终身的；毕生的
zero gravity ( abbr. zero G) / z r ɡr v ti/
（太空等的）零重力状态，失重状态
wheelchair-bound坐轮椅的
-bound/-ba nd/与名词一起构成形容词
1. 表示“离不开…的”
desk-bound从事(办公桌上的)桌面工作
2.表示“受…天气影响的”
fog-bound因浓雾而受阻的
3.表示“受…影响大的”
tradition-bound 受传统束缚的；囿于传统的
2. What other great scientists do you know of
Marie Curie developed the theory of radioactivity and discovered two elements, polonium and radium. John Nash made great contributions to game theory,which is widely used in economics.
Marie Curie/m ri kj ri/玛丽·居里，居里夫人
radioactivity/ re di k t v ti/放射性，放射现象；放射物（或其辐射）
elem·ent / el m nt/ 元素（如金、氧、碳）
po·lo·nium /p l ni m/ 钋（放射性化学元素）
ra·dium / re di m/ 镭 game theory博弈论；对策论
eco·nom·ics / i k n m ks/ 经济学
Group Discussion on Scientists
讨论要点1
Discuss whether you think the scientist's discovery is important. (讨论你是否认为这位科学家的发现很重要。)
讨论要点2
Talk about what you have learned from the scientist's story. (谈谈你从这位科学家的故事中学到了什么。)
讨论要点3
Come up with more questions about the scientist and the discovery. (提出更多关于这位科学家和发现的问题。)
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探索科学家的智慧世界：阅读分析之旅
开启科学家阅读探索篇章
解读科学家：'Who, What, How'大挑战
Who类问题
Who is the scientist who made this important discovery Try to find the answer from the materials. (哪位科学家做出了这项重要发现？尝试从材料中找出答案。)
What类问题
What are the main contributions of this scientist Summarize them according to the text. (这位科学家的主要贡献是什么？根据文本进行总结。)
How类问题
How did the scientist overcome difficulties during the research Analyze the process. (科学家在研究过程中是如何克服困难的？分析这个过程。)
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科学与文化的奇妙碰撞
探索科学进步背后的文化奥秘
Case Discussion: Impact of Antibiotic Discovery
Antibiotic's Revolutionary Role
The discovery of antibiotics was a turning - point in medical history. It changed the global view on health. Before, many diseases were fatal, but antibiotics made them curable. (抗生素的发现是医学史上的转折点，它改变了全球健康观念。以前很多疾病是致命的，现在抗生素让它们可以治愈。)
Changing Health Behaviors
People became more confident in dealing with infections. The use of antibiotics also influenced hygiene practices and public health policies. (人们在应对感染时更有信心。抗生素的使用也影响了卫生习惯和公共卫生政策。)
Global Health Equity
However, access to antibiotics is not equal worldwide. This case prompts us to think about global health equity. (然而，全球各地获取抗生素的机会并不平等。这个案例促使我们思考全球健康公平问题。)
Future Challenges
With the emergence of antibiotic - resistant bacteria, new challenges arise. How can we balance the use of antibiotics (随着耐药菌的出现，新的挑战出现了。我们如何平衡抗生素的使用？)
Science Progress in Different Cultures
Eastern and Western Medicine
In Western culture, science progress in medicine is often based on experimental research. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine has its unique theoretical system and practices. Both have their own advantages. (在西方文化中，医学科学进步常基于实验研究。而中医有其独特的理论体系和实践方法。两者各有优势。)
Agricultural Science
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Different cultures have different ways of applying agricultural science. For example, Asian rice - growing cultures and Western wheat - growing cultures. (不同文化在农业科学应用上有不同方式。比如亚洲的水稻种植文化和西方的小麦种植文化。)
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Technology and Society
Science progress in technology also varies in different cultures. It can shape social values and ways of life. (科技进步在不同文化中也有差异。它会塑造社会价值观和生活方式。)
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Cultural Influence on Research
Cultural beliefs and values can influence scientific research directions. For example, some cultures are more focused on natural remedies. (文化信仰和价值观会影响科研方向。比如，一些文化更注重天然疗法。)
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Cultivate Cross - cultural Awareness in Science
Benefits of Cross - cultural View
Viewing science development from a cross - cultural perspective can lead to more comprehensive solutions. We can learn from different cultures' scientific achievements. (从跨文化角度看待科学发展能带来更全面的解决方案。我们可以学习不同文化的科学成就。)
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Breaking Cultural Barriers
In scientific research, cultural barriers may exist. We should break them to promote international cooperation. (在科研中，可能存在文化障碍。我们应打破它们以促进国际合作。)
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Enhancing Global Understanding
Understanding science in different cultures helps us understand global issues better, such as climate change. (了解不同文化中的科学有助于我们更好地理解全球问题，如气候变化。)
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Personal Growth
For individuals, it can enhance our knowledge and broaden our horizons. (对个人而言，这能增加知识，拓宽视野。)
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探索科学家的思维奥秘
开启科学精神之旅
剖析科学家的成功密码
好奇心（Curiosity）
Curiosity drives scientists to explore the unknown. For example, Newton's curiosity about the falling apple led to the discovery of gravity. （好奇心驱使科学家探索未知。例如，牛顿对苹果落地的好奇引发了万有引力的发现）
毅力（Perseverance）
Perseverance enables scientists to overcome difficulties. Edison failed thousands of times but finally invented the light - bulb. （毅力让科学家克服困难。爱迪生失败了数千次，但最终发明了灯泡）
创新精神（Innovation）
Innovation allows scientists to come up with new ideas and methods. For instance, Einstein's theory of relativity was a revolutionary innovation. （创新让科学家提出新的想法和方法。例如，爱因斯坦的相对论是一项革命性的创新）
合作精神（Cooperation）
Cooperation helps scientists combine their strengths. Many large - scale scientific projects require the cooperation of multiple teams. （合作帮助科学家发挥各自优势。许多大型科学项目需要多个团队的合作）
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能力拓展：开启科学探索新征程
拓展知识边界，激发无限潜能
Homework Assignment
Describe a Scientist
Use English to introduce a scientist you admire, including their achievements and contributions.（用英语介绍一位你钦佩的科学家，包括他们的成就和贡献。）
Deepen Learning
This assignment helps you further understand the content of this class and improve your English expression ability.（这项作业有助于你进一步理解本节课的内容，提高你的英语表达能力。）
Interdisciplinary Exploration
Explore Interdisciplinary Knowledge
Understand the interdisciplinary research of scientists, such as the combination of physics and biology.（了解科学家的跨学科研究，如物理学与生物学的结合。）
Broaden Horizons
This can help you see the diversity and connection of knowledge and stimulate your interest in learning.（这有助于你看到知识的多样性和关联性，激发你的学习兴趣。）
谢谢聆听

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