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Lesson 4 Global
warming自主学习
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
1 Read the questions and give your answers.
A What problems do you think our environment is facing now
B Do you think these problems are related to human activities
I think our environment is facing many serious problems now, such as air pollution, deforestation, climate change.
Yes, I think most of these problems are caused by human activities. For example, air pollution is caused by factories, cars, and burning fossil fuels like coal and oil.
2 Read the passage and write true (T) or false (F).
The earth is getting hotter. We call it global warming. What makes this happen People burn things like gas, oil, and coal. They cut down trees and create a lot of waste. These are major reasons for global warming.
思考：Do you know what else can cause global warming
The farming and the increase in population.（答案不唯一）
Global warming affects everything on the planet. It’s like getting a fever. If we have a few degrees’ increase in body temperature, we feel sick. The same goes for our planet. The effects of global warming are serious. For example, snow and ice in the North Pole are starting to melt. This causes the oceans’ water level to rise, which can lead to more floods and storms.
“例如”，通常用作插入语
Thankfully, we can help slow down global warming by taking some simple actions. Instead of driving, we can choose to walk or bike. Turn off devices we aren’t using like TVs and lights. Another great way to help is by planting trees in our community and doing other “green” activities. Just by making some small changes in our daily lives, we can play a role in addressing global warming.
“Thankfully”作状语，修饰整个
句子，表达了一种感激或庆幸之情。
take action
意为“采取行动”
A Global warming is mainly caused by nature. （ ）
B Global warming affects everything on the planet. （ ）
C Planting trees is a great way to slow down global warming.
（ ）
F
T
T
从教材语篇2 学写作技巧
开门见山法
在文章的开头用简洁的语言引入话题，吸引读者注意。本文开头直接用“The earth is getting hotter. We call it global warming.”点明主题，这两句话非常简短，但清晰地传达了文章的核心主题：地球正在变暖，这种现象被称为全球变暖。避免了冗长的背景介绍，直接切入主题，让读者立刻明白文章要讨论的内容。
3 Read the passage again and complete the mind map.
gas
oil
coal
cut
waste
melt
rising
walk
bike
devices
activities
4 Are there things you can do to slow down global warming Think and tick. （答案不唯一）
□ Use energy sources such as solar and wind power.
□ Let people around you know about the harm of global warming.
□ Take shorter showers to save water and energy used for heating the water.
√
√
□ Choose environmentally-friendly products with less packaging.
□ Use things again or recycle them for other purposes.
□ Attend environmental clubs to learn more about the environment.
□ Try to eat less meat and more vegetables.
√
√
√
5 There are many other environmental problems. Think and write about one of them.
A What is the problem
B What do you think are the causes of this problem
C What are its effects
D What should we do to solve this problem
探究一 核心单词
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
1 increase / n'kri s /n. & v. 增加；增长（教材P106）
观察· The increase in temperature made it feel warmer outside.
气温的上升让外面感觉更暖和了。
· The population of the city increases every year.
这座城市的人口每年都在增长。
· The temperature increased from 20 degrees to 30 degrees.
温度从20 度上升到30 度。
· Our profits have increased by 20% this year.
我们今年的利润增加了20%。
· The population of our country has increased to 1.4 billion. 我国人口已增长到14 亿。
increase 的一词多义：
（1）作动词，意为“增加；增长”。
（2）作名词，意为“增加；增长”，通常指数量、程度或范围的增加。
相关短语：increase from...to... 从……增加到……；increase by 增加了……；increase in 在某方面的增加；increase to 增加到……；increase with 随……增长。
2 effect / 'fekt/ n. 影响；效果；结果v. 引起；使发生
观察· Exercise has a good effect on our health.
锻炼对我们的健康有好处。
· The agreement comes into effect once it is signed.
协议一经签订立即生效。
· The medicine soon took effect and the child fell asleep.
药很快就起作用了，孩子睡着了。
· The new rules are in effect from next month.
新规从下个月开始生效。
· The government is trying to effect a reform in the education system. 政府正试图对教育体制进行改革。
· The company’s marketing strategy was highly effective.
公司的营销策略非常有效。
effect 既可作名词，意为“影响；效果；结果”，也可
作动词，意为“引起；使发生”。
作名词时的常见用法：
（1）have a/an (...) effect on/upon 对……有（……）影响
（2）come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施
（3）take effect 生效；起作用 （4）be in effect 有效；在实施中
作动词时的常见用法：effect a change 引起变化
相关词形：effective adj. 有效的；生效的
3 serious /'s ri s/ adj. 严重的；严肃的（教材P106）
观察· She is serious about her studies. 她对待学习很认真。
· Nothing serious. 没什么大不了的。
· It’s time to give serious consideration to this matter.
是时候认真考虑这一问题了。
· The teacher always teaches his classes seriously.
那位老师总是认真上课。
· Students should take their lessons seriously.
学生们应当认真对待他们的功课。
· The man was seriously hurt in the accident.
那个人在事故中受伤严重。
serious 作形容词，意为“严重的；严肃的；重要的”，既可作定语也可以作表语。
常见用法：（1）be serious about 对待……严肃；认真对待……（2）nothing serious 不严重；没什么大问题
相关词形：seriously adv. 严重地，非常。常见用法：
（1）take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/ 某事
（2）seriously ill 病得很重 （3）seriously hurt 严重受伤
4 cause /k z/ v. 造成；引起；导致n. 原因；理由；事业
观察· Eating too many candies can cause toothache.
吃太多糖果会导致牙痛。
· His careless driving caused an accident to his passengers.
他粗心驾驶给他的乘客造成了一场事故。
· The noise outside caused him to lose his concentration.
外面的噪音使他无法集中注意力。
· What is the cause of your sadness 你悲伤的原因是什么？
· They are fighting for a noble cause.
他们正在为一项崇高的事业而奋斗。
· I’d like to know the reason why you’re late.
我想知道你为什么迟到。
cause 的一词多义：
作及物动词，意为“造成；引起；导致”，常见用法：
（1）cause sb. sth./cause sth. to sb. 给某人造成某事
（2）cause sb./sth. to do sth. 致使某人做某事
近义表达：lead to/result in/bring about。
作可数名词，意为“原因；理由；事业”。a good cause 崇高的事业
辨析：cause 与reason
cause 都有“原因”之意 多指导致某事发生的“起因”，常用the cause of结构。
reason 多指做某事或解释某事的“理由；借口”，常用reason for/why/that 等结构。
5 address / 'dres/ v. 设法解决；演讲 n. 地址；演讲
观察· Please write down your full address so we can send you the package.
请写下你的详细地址，以便我们把包裹寄给你。
· The president will address the nation tonight on TV.
总统今晚将在电视上向全国发表讲话。
· We need to address the issue of student absenteeism before it gets worse.
我们需要在学生缺勤问题变得更严重之前解决它。
· Can you help me address these envelopes
你能帮我在这些信封上写上姓名、地址吗？
· Please address the letter to Mr Smith at this address.
请把这封信按这个地址寄给史密斯先生。
address 的一词多义：
（1）作可数名词，意为“地址；通讯处；演讲”。
（2）作及物动词，意为“在……写名字、地址；设法解决；演讲”。
常见用法：address sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
探究二 核心短语
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
1 lead to 导致（教材P106）
观察· Good study habits can lead to better learning outcomes.
良好的学习习惯能带来更好的学习成果。
· All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
· His laziness led to failing the exam.
他的懒惰导致他考试不及格。
· The book led me to understand the importance of friendship. 这本书让我明白了友谊的重要性。
· You can’t do that. It will lead you into trouble.
你不能那样做。那会导致你惹上麻烦。
lead to 为常用短语，表示“导致；造成；通向”。
lead to + 名词/ 动名词 导致某种结果或情况
lead sb. to do sth.= lead sb. into doing sth. 导致某人做某事
2 turn off 关闭（教材P106）
观察· The noise outside was so loud that I had to turn off the radio. 外面的噪音太大了，以至于我不得不关掉收音机。
· Please turn on the light. 请打开灯。
· The TV is too loud. Please turn it down.
电视声音太大了，请把音量调小点。
· He turned up the radio. 他把收音机的声音调大了。
turn off 意为“关闭；关上（电器、开关等）”。
turn 的相关短语：（1）turn on 打开（水龙头、煤气、开关等）
（2） turn down 关小；调低（收音机、电视的音量、灯的亮度等）
（3）turn up 调高（电视、收音机的音量）
图解助记
探究三 核心句式
Unit 8 Protecting the environment
This causes the oceans’ water level to rise, which can lead to more floods and storms. 这会导致海平面上升，从而导致更多的洪水和暴风雨。
分析结构 这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句部分主语是This；谓语是causes；宾语是the oceans’ water level，to rise 是宾语补足语。从句部分（非限制性定语从句）：引导词是which；从句谓语是can lead to；从句宾语是more floods and storms。
· The book is interesting, which I borrowed from the library. 这本书很有趣，是我从图书馆借来的。
· He failed in the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. 他考试不及格，这让他父母非常失望。
主句（主语+ 谓语+ 宾语），which+ 定语从句（主语+ 谓语+ 宾语）为which 引导的非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词还有who, whom, whose。

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