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（11）Unit 2 Understanding each other—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.Whether you will succeed depends largely on how you react __________ challenging jobs in your life.
2.Steve moved to the piano and sat on the bench, his hands trembling as he __________ (gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
3.With three reports __________ (finish), I am afraid I will not be able to go to the concert this Sunday.
4.His loving and selfless nature has encouraged me to become more __________ (sympathy) and considerate.
5.The audience watched as the story __________ (unfold) before their eyes.
6.And try to be __________ their shoes, which can avoid unnecessary disagreements.
7.“You can't catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ (run) away.
8.Richard sticks to his principles and at the same time has flexibility, so he is to negotiate __________ the competitors on behalf of the company.
9.Many young people have volunteered to reclaim (开垦) the remote regions of our motherland in response __________ the call of the Party.
10.Surprised and angry, she sat there, without knowing how to react __________ the unexpected incident.
二、阅读理解
Older adults often complain about the loss of the good old days when neighbours were friends instead of strangers, and everyone in the neighbourhood left their doors unlocked. While home security is one thing, interesting new research from Rutgers University has found that feeling connected to one's neighbours appears to promote better health outcomes.
About 27 percent of people aged 60 or older live alone in the USA, according to the Pew Research Center. Living alone has been linked to a number of unfavourable health outcomes such as heart disease, depression, and poor overall biological health. So, researchers believed it important to identify which factors may or may not help reduce the negative effects of living alone.
The project focused on neighbourhood cohesion(凝聚力) among Chinese Americans living in the greater Chicago area. Study authors investigated if the perceptions of trust and connection among neighbours had an impact on the death risk among that population. Subjects living alone, and reporting minimal interactions or connections with their neighbours, had a 48.5 percent increased risk of death in comparison to those living with other people. Meanwhile, people who lived alone and reported strong cohesion with their neighbourhood displayed death risks very similar to those living with others.
Establishing a clearer understanding of how different types of neighbourhoods may influence locals' health outcomes can help in the creation of new social policies and public health initiatives aimed at promoting better, more inclusive neighbourhood environments.
"Our findings show the particular challenges faced by older adults who live alone in communities with little interaction or connection," concludes Yanping Jiang, author of the study. "Enhancing neighbourhood cohesion may be a promising way to reduce early death for older adults who live alone."
Future studies should focus on additional factors involved in neighbourhoods and how they influence the health of older adults. On an individual level, we can all do our part. Consider being just a little friendlier to your neighbours, especially those who live alone.
11. What can we learn about old people living alone in America
A. Their health deserves more attention.
B. Their problems are quite uncommon.
C. They are responsible for social insecurity.
D. They account for 27% of the US population.
12. What contributes to lower risks of death among the old according to the study
A. The number of family members. B. Neighbours' health conditions.
C. A strong connection with nature. D. An interrelationship with neighbours.
13. What do the researchers plan to do next
A. Widen the range of subjects. B. Focus on seniors' health.
C. Identify other potential factors. D. Establish a better relationship.
14. Which could be a suitable title for the text
A. Get to Know Your Neighbours B. Watch Your Overall Health
C. Choose a Safer Neighbourhood D. Say No to Living Alone
三、七选五
Despite the many ways to communicate, good communicators share in common important principles and techniques that enable them to communicate effectively. The characteristics of good communicators cut across all languages and cultures. Becoming a good communicator has many benefits and advantages. ①_____
Good communicators listen. Listening is an important component of communicating effectively. It shows other people that you are sincere and interested in what they are saying. ②_____ Listening enables you to weigh and evaluate various issues before you make a response.
Good communicators communicate clearly whether in writing, speaking or gesturing. In terms of speaking, good communicators project their voices with a firm tone to ensure that people can literally understand them. In terms of writing, good communicators use the appropriate words to convey different senses of meaning. ③_____
Good communicators organize their thoughts to ensure that what they communicate comes out in an organized fashion. ④_____ Good communicators also organize what they say into concise statements that are easy for the listeners to understand. This way it is not too difficult for listeners to follow what they say.
⑤_____ When a speaker shows that he/she is genuine about what he/she says, listeners are likely to believe the speaker because of the sincerity with which he/she speaks. Sincere communicators usually communicate convincingly because they are willing to put their beliefs on the line for the sake of communicating the truth.
A. Good communicators are sincere.
B. They must have a strong vocabulary.
C. Also, it allows you to correctly respond to people.
D. Good communicators have sympathy for others' suffering.
E. But what kind of qualities does a good communicator have
F. The meaning of communication is to help people understand each other.
G. This allows them the ability to make a clear explanation with examples and illustrations.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：to
解析：句意为:你是否会成功在很大程度上取决于你如何应对生活中具有挑战性的工作。react to sth为固定搭配,意为“对某事作出反应”,其中to为介词。故填to。
2.答案：gently
解析：考查副词。句意:史蒂夫走到钢琴前,坐在长凳上,当他把手指轻轻地放在琴键上时,双手颤抖着。设空处修饰动词placed,应用副词形式,故填gently。
3.答案：to finish
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：还有三个项目要完成，我担心这周日我不能去音乐会了。空处是with复合结构中的宾语补足语，根据句意，“完成”这一动作还没发生，需要使用不定式形式，宾语补足语和宾语three reports在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故填to finish。
4.答案：sympathetic
解析：句意为:他充满爱且无私的天性鼓励我变得更有同情心、更体贴。设空处与considerate之间是并列关系,共同作连系动词become的表语,应用形容词,故填sympathetic,意为“有同情心的”。
5.答案：unfolded
解析：句意为:观众看着剧情在他们眼前逐渐地展开。此处unfold意为“呈现;逐渐展现”。根据watched可知,此处应用一般过去时。
6.答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：试着设身处地为他们着想，这样可以避免不必要的分歧。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配be in one's shoes意为“处于某人的境地或处境来设想”，故填in。
7.答案：running
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：你抓不到我！珍妮特喊道，跑开了。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词shouted，空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语，Janet和run away为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填running。
8.答案：with
解析：考查negotiate的用法。句意:Richard坚持原则,同时(处事)具有灵活性,所以他将代表公司和竞争对手协商。negotiate with sb.意为“与某人谈判/磋商/协商”。
9.答案：to
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:许多年轻人响应党的号召,志愿去开垦祖国的偏远地区。in response to意为“响应,回应”,故填to。
10.答案：to
解析：考查react的用法。句意:她坐在那里,又诧异又气愤,不知道要对这件出乎意料的事情作何反应。react通常与to连用,表示“对……作出反应”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Living alone has been linked to a number of unfavourable health outcomes such as heart disease, depression, and poor overall biological health.可知,独居与许多不利的健康结果有关,如心脏病、抑郁症和整体生理健康状况不佳,由此可知,独居老人的健康状况应受到关注。故选A项。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Enhancing neighbourhood cohesion may be a promising way to reduce early death for older adults who live alone.可知,与邻居的交往互动可以降低独居老人的死亡风险。故选D项。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Future studies should focus on additional factors involved in neighbourhoods and how they influence the health of older adults.可知,未来的研究应该关注邻里关系中的其他因素,以及它们如何影响老年人的健康。故选C项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据最后一段中的On an individual level, we can all do our part. Consider being just a little friendlier to your neighbours, especially those who live alone.可知,本文主要介绍了与邻居建立联系对健康的影响,呼吁我们每个人尽自己的一份力量对自己的邻居好一点。由此可知,A项(了解你的邻居)适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
三、七选五
答案：E; C; B; G; A
解析：①根据设空处前一句Becoming a good communicator has many benefits and advantages.及后四段详细介绍的四种具体的品质可知,此处承上启下。所以E项(但一个好的沟通者应该具备什么样的品质呢 )符合语境。
②根据上文中的Listening is an important component of communicating effectively. It shows other people that you are sincere and interested in what they are saying.可知,本段介绍的是倾听的重要性。因此可以推断出,设空处应与此内容相关,并与空后的倾听的作用形成递进关系。所以C项(此外,它会让你正确地回应他人)符合语境。故选C项
③根据上文内容可知,有效的沟通者会字斟句酌,用恰当的字眼表达不同层面的意思,说明沟通者要有丰富的词汇量。所以B 项符合语境,其中的They指代上文中的good communicators。
④根据设空处前一句Good communicators organize their thoughts to ensure that what they communicate comes out in an organized fashion.可知,有效的沟通者能够很有条理地组织并表达出自己的意思,这就意味着他们具备用各种事例、插图等清楚地解释他们的思想的能力。所以G项符合语境。
⑤该空是本段的中心句,根据后文内容可知,本段介绍了有效的沟通者在与人沟通时始终报以真诚的情感。所以A项(好的沟通者是真诚的)符合语境。（15）Unit 4 Never too old to learn—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.Tom's resolve __________ (practise) long-distance running lasted only two days.
2.This company has an urgent desire to keep pace __________ the development of high technology in the world.
3. __________ the doctor said, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.
4.There is no doubt that __________ is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
5.Mr Green was very famous when he lived there. There is bound __________ (be) someone in this district who remembers him.
6.Whenever he worked until midnight, he would drink some coffee to get __________ (refresh).
7. __________ (learn) to give first aid is an important part of a flight attendant's training.
8. __________ we can see, the world is being driven into a new era of globalization, in which China is playing a critical role.
9.We have been seeking the means __________ which we could create a truly global society.
10.We planned a weekend trip to enjoy the loveliness of the fall based on the __________ (assume) that the weather would be good.
二、阅读理解
How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hard-working caregivers such as the parents in my community. Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO.
Human intelligence is different from the computer's. For one, human intelligence cannot be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. Exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship with that world.
In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators attempt to motivate interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal (共有的) problem-solving events. When we combine analytical learning with social-emotional learning, students become mastered in the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process.
Using AI looks very different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn't force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as "learning".
It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don't have the resources in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right Yet the nature of AI "teaching" as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries.
11.What do we know about human intelligence according to paragraph 2
A. It is measured easily. B. It is of great significance.
C. It is related to education. D. It is changeable and interactive.
12.What can be inferred about AI learning from paragraph 4
A. It is widely used at school.
B. It makes no difference to education.
C. It helps develop students' intelligence.
D. It does little help with students' true learning.
13.What is the author's attitude to AI learning
A. Unclear. B. Neutral. C. Disapproving. D. Favorable.
14.What could be a suitable title for the text
A. Could AI Really Teach Students
B. Should Students Use AI Frequently
C. How Students Use AI in Their Study
D. How Teachers Interact With Students
三、七选五
People around the world are eager to learn. ①_____ For example, we prevent ourselves from learning effectively because we believe that we are bad at math or too old to change careers. Fortunately, we can often learn more as long as we keep practicing lifelong learning.
②_____ Many professionals today are engaged in a practice: gaining a second area of expertise (专长), whether it is related to their work or completely different. As a result, when they lose their job, or work just makes them feel unsatisfied, having other skills can give them more choices.
Also, lifelong learning can keep our brains engaged in new areas, which has cognitive(认知的)benefits. According to one study, people who practise lifelong learning can be physically healthier. ③_____ In addition, people who read books for more than 3.5 hours a week are 23 percent less likely to die over a 12-year period—a good reason to keep reading after college!
Now we know that lifelong learning is so beneficial. ④_____ Well, to take in information. Our brains need periods of full attention followed by periods of mind-wandering. So, we'll actually memorize more if we include time for tests and relaxation to allow this process to happen. ⑤_____
A. How can we manage to maintain lifelong learning
B. What do we need to make our learning more efficient
C. Continued learning can make us more flexible in the workplace.
D. However, there is always something that gets in the way of learning.
E. We can actively engage by teaching ourselves or creating mind maps.
F. That's why breaks are recommended after working hard for some time.
G. The more you learn, the lower risk you are at of having Alzheimer's disease.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：to practice
解析：句意为: 汤姆练习长跑的决心只持续了两天。 the resolve to do sth 意为“做某事的决心”。故填 to practise。
2.答案：with
解析：句意为: 这家公司迫切希望跟上世界高科技发展的步伐。keep pace with... 为固定搭配,意为 “与……步调一致”。故填 with。
3.答案：As
解析：句意为: 正如医生所说,如果你的皮肤被烧伤, 情况可能会很严重。 the doctor said 是非限制性定语从句, 关系词在从句中作宾语, 意为 “正如”, 且从句位于句首, 所以应用 As。
4.答案：it
解析：句意为: 毫无疑问, 正确处理电子垃圾对我们极为重要。 it is vital for sb to do sth 意为 “对某人来说做某事很重要”。 that 引导同位语从句, it 作同位语从句的形式主语, 真正的主语是不定式短语。
5.答案：to be
解析：句意为: 格林先生住在那里的时候非常有名, 这个地区一定有人记得他。be bound to be 意为 “一定会有; 一定是”。故填 to be。
6.答案：refreshed
解析：句意为: 每当他工作到半夜, 他都会喝点咖啡来提神。get refreshed 意为 “恢复精力”。故填 refreshed。
7.答案：Learning
解析：考查动词-ing形式作主语。句意:学会急救是空乘培训的一个重要部分。分析句子结构可知, “_____ (learn) to give first aid”为句子的主语,且此处表示抽象的动作,故用动词-ing形式作主语。
8.答案：As
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句的内容且置于句首,意为“正如”。故填As。
9.答案：by
解析：此处是 “介词 + which” 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 means, which 指代 means, 结合句意可知, 此处表示 “通过某种方式”, 应用 by the means 。
10.答案：assumption
解析：句意为:基于天气良好的假设,我们计划周末来一场旅行, 去欣赏秋天的美景。on the assumption that 意为 “假设;假定”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 “For one, human intelligence cannot be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction.”可知, 人类的智力是无法估量的, 因为大脑是随着人类从环境中学习而不断发展和发育的; 同时, 人类的智力依赖于人类的互动。故选 D。
12.答案： D
解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中 “But AI doesn't force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as 'learning'.”可知, 在利用人工智能学习的过程中, 学生只是被灌输事实和信息, 没有思考或记住任何东西, 这不是真正意义上的学习。由此推知,利用人工智能学习对于学生真正的学习没什么帮助。故选 D。
13.答案： C
解析：考查观点态度。根据第一段中的“After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO.”以及最后一段中的“Yet the nature of AI 'teaching' as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries.”可知,作者认为,开发智力还得靠人类面对面的教学, 人工智能无法让学生真正地思考和学习。由此可知, 作者对利用人工智能学习持不赞同的态度。故选 C。
14.答案： A
解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文, 尤其是根据第一段中的“How AI will transform education is very important to schools... Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence ” 可知,本文主要讨论了人工智能是否有助于学生学习, 所以 A 项“Could AI Really Teach Students ” 适合作为本文的标题,故选 A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤DCGBF
解析：①根据上文可知人们渴望学习,根据下文“For example, we prevent ourselves from learning effectively because we believe that we are bad at math or too old to change careers.”可知,有一些东西阻碍了学习,所以设空处应表示转折,D项“然而, 总有一些东西阻碍了学习”符合语境。其中“gets in the way of learning”与下文的“we prevent ourselves from learning effectively”呼应。故选D。
②根据下文“Many professionals today are engaged in apractice called...them more choices.”可知,设空处内容与继续学习对工作的好处有关,C项“继续学习可以让我们在职场中更加灵活”符合语境。其中“workplace”呼应“work”。故选C。
③根据上文“According to one study, people who practise lifelong learning can be physically healthier.”可知,此处内容与终身学习对身体健康的好处有关,G项“你学得越多,你患阿尔茨海默病的风险就越低”符合语境。故选G。
④根据下文“Well, to take in information.”和“we'll actually memorize more”可知,此处内容与学习效率有关,B项“我们需要什么来使我们的学习更有效率 ”符合语境。故选B。
⑤根据语境可知本段讲的是劳逸结合对提高学习效率更有利,故F项“那就是为什么在努力工作一段时间后,建议休息一下”符合语境,故选F。（13）Unit 3 Careers and skills—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives __________ (attain) should be taken into consideration before starting a new project.
2.About six years ago, I began my career as an IT __________ (consult).
3.Whatever we do, we should have a passion __________ it and commit ourselves __________ improving our work.
4.When __________ (complete) next year, the area will house 80, 000 people and feature a large shopping mall.
5.The __________ (reception) attended to the needs of all the participants.
6.The company's statement is highly ambiguous (模棱两可的), thus __________ (make) the staff confused.
7.Although the graduates are lacking in work experience, they have a great passion __________ their work.
8.The mother looks worried outside the operating room, because doctors are operating __________ her son.
9.They anticipated __________ (finish) the task by the end of this month.
10.It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior __________ the old one.
二、阅读理解
Get up at 6 a. m., arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in, and accompany patients during consultations... In recent years, “patient escorts” has emerged as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career are known as “people who sell time”.26-year-old Zhang Tian is one of them.
September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian. On this day, Zhang Tian saw a video about patient escorts (陪侍) on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business. She browsed through many platforms and read multiple information and found there indeed exists a certain demand for patient escorts, especially from the elderly, children, and pregnant women. Since she had never engaged in this kind of work before, she spent two days in major hospitals in Wuhan, in order to familiarize herself with all the departments on different floors, as well as the processes of medical consultation and preparation for surgery.
After early preparatory work, Zhang Tian posted a video of her self-introduction on major social platforms, talking about the help and services a patient escort provides, as well as some tips for a quick and convenient medical consultation. At first, she was a little worried that her video would go unnoticed. However, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offer as a patient escort.
The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. She received a phone call on September 9 from a man whose father was seriously ill and might need surgery. He wanted Zhang Tian to accompany his father through his consultation and treatment. Zhang Tian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness.
“Later, the family expressed their gratitude to me over and over again, which warmed my heart and gave me a sense of achievement,” Zhang Tian said.
11.What do patient escorts do
A. They assist doctors in hospitals.
B. They arrive at hospitals early to check in.
C. They take on this career to sell their time.
D. They help patients get treated in hospitals.
12.September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian because ________.
A. she enjoyed seeing an interesting video
B. she got inspiration for her own career
C. she found a demand for medical workers
D. she was well received on social platforms
13.How did Zhang Tian get her first client
A. She got familiar with the routine work in hospitals.
B. She spent two days in major hospitals meeting patients.
C. Her video on social platforms attracted her first client.
D. The man's father was seriously ill and might need surgery.
14.Which of the following words best describe Zhang Tian
A. Hardworking and considerate. B. Humorous and careful.
C. Ambitious and imaginative. D. Talkative and positive.
三、七选五
When it comes to hobbies and career, all of us have our own stories. As a little girl, my favorite thing to do was read — same as today. So I figured I'd be a librarian when I grew up. ①______ The library had a two-book limit, but she knew I'd blow through those in just a few days, so she always let me check out a big stack.
Time passed quickly and I was in fourth grade. Our school librarian, Mrs. Ketelsen, sent some poems I'd written about dinosaurs to Highlights magazine. ②______ At the University, though majoring in journalism, I quickly learned that I did not want to be a newspaper reporter. ③______ It amuses almost everyone who knows me and thinks I'm outgoing. (I am, but only with people I know!) So I was thrilled when I was selected for a summer internship at Reader's Digest.
Ten years after that, I came back to RD to work as an editor. ④______ I've worked at other magazines too, but I've spent most of my career here, reading magazines, newspapers, websites, and books for stories we could condense (简缩); writing articles; even choosing jokes.
⑤______ “The Tractor War” takes me home to the Midwest. “Something to Sneeze At” reminds me of all the sneezing I did when I moved to New York City and was suddenly allergic to grasses and trees... I relate to lots of our stories this month, and I hope you do too. Enjoy!
A. It was a long road home.
B. I lost my interest in it soon.
C. My first published writing!
D. I'm shy about interviewing people.
E. My dream of becoming a librarian encouraged me.
F. The stories in this issue seem to introduce myself to you.
G. Our town librarian, Mrs. Tonne, was really important to me becoming me.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：to be attained
解析：句意为: 我们必须强调,在开始一个新项目之前,应该把所有要达到的目标都考虑进去。attain 在此应用非谓语动词作定语, 修饰 objectives, 与所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系,且此处表示将来的动作, 所以应用不定式的被动式。故填 to be attained。
2.答案：consultant
解析：句意为: 大约六年前,我开始做信息技术顾问这份工作。句中的 as 为介词,意为 “作为”, 设空处作 as 的宾语,表示职位,且空前有不定冠词 an 修饰,应填名词单数形式。
3.答案：for; to
解析：考查介词。have a passion for sth. “热爱某事物”,commit oneself to doing sth. “某人承诺/保证做某事”,二者均为常用搭配。
4.答案：completed
解析：考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,此处考查时间状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。此处补充完整为When the area is completed next year。
5.答案：receptionist(s)
解析：句意为: 接待员处理了所有参与者的需求。设空处作主语, 根据句意可知, 设空处表示人, 再由空前的 The 可知, 本空填单复数均可。故填 receptionist(s)。
6.答案：making
解析：句意为:这份公司声明非常含糊, 因此使员工感到困惑。设空处是非谓语动词作结果状语, 与主语是逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填 making。
7.答案：for
解析：句意为: 虽然毕业生缺乏工作经验, 但他们对工作充满强烈的爱。have a passion for... 为固定搭配, 意为 “对……充满热爱”。故填 for。
8.答案：on
解析：句意为:手术室外这位母亲看起来非常担忧, 因为医生正在给她的儿子做手术。operate on sb 为固定搭配,意为 “给某人做手术”。故填 on。
9.答案：finishing
解析：句意为: 他们预期在本月底完成这项任务。 anticipate doing sth 为固定搭配, 意为 “预期做某事”。故填 finishing。
10.答案：to
解析：句意为: 新方法比旧方法好, 这是毫无疑问的。be superior to 意为 “比……优越”。故填 to。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：题干大意:病人陪护是做什么的 A:他们 在医院协助医生;B:他们早到医院登记;C:他们从 事这个职业是去出售时间;D:他们帮助病人在医院 接受治疗;结合第一段意思: Get up at 6 a.m., arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in and accompany patients during consultations (早上六点起床，早一个小 时到医院帮助病人登记，并陪同病人进行会诊)。 所以本题选择D.
12.答案：B
解析：题干大意:九月四号对张天来说是幸运日 是因为……A:她很喜欢看一个有趣的视频;B:她 获得了自己职业生涯的灵感;C:她发现对医务工作 者的需求;D:她在社交媒体很受欢迎;结合文章第二段开头几句话:September 4 was a lucky day for zhangtian, on this day, zhangtian saw a video about patient escorts on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business(九月 四号对张天来说是幸运日，这一天她在一个短视频 平台看到了一段关于病人陪护的视频。视频中病人 陪护的日常让她着迷，并逐渐激励她将此作为一个 业务)，所以本题选择B。
13.答案：C
解析：题干大意:张天是如何得到她的第一个客户 A:她对医院日常工作很熟悉;B:她花了两天时 间在大医院会见病人;C:她在社交媒体上的视频吸 引了她的第一个客户;D:男人的爸爸病得很重，可能需要手术;结合第三段最后一句 话:however, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offers as a patient escort(然而，在她上传视频 后，它获得了100多个赞，她收到了她有史以来第 一次作为病人陪护的邀请)。所以本题选择C。
14.答案：A
解析：题干大意:下面的哪个词最能形容张天 A:工作认真，考虑周到;B:幽默细心;C:雄心勃勃，富有想象力;D:健谈且积极;结合第四段最后一句话:Zhangtian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness (张天在见第 一个客户之前做着充分的准备，尽管紧张，但还是 做得很好)，再结合文章各段意思，可知本题选择 A。
三、七选五
答案：GCDAF
解析：①标题归纳题。根据上文“When it comes to hobbies and career, all of us have our own stories. As a little girl, my favorite thing to do was read—same as today. So I figured I'd be a librarian when I grew up.(说到爱好和职业,我们每个人都有自己的故事。当我还是个小女孩的时候,我最喜欢做的事情就是读书今天也是。所以我想我长大后会成为一名图书管理员)”以及后文“The library had a two-book limit, but she knew I'd blow through those in just a few days, so she always let me check out a big stack.(图书馆有两本书的限制,但她知道我几天就能看完,所以她总是让我借一大堆书)”可知,后文提到了某人知道作者的阅读习惯,G选项中Mrs. Tonne对应后文she。故G选项“我们镇上的图书管理员,Tonne夫人,对我成为现在的我真的很重要”符合语境,故选G。
②推理判断题。根据上文“Time passed quickly and I was in fourth grade. Our school librarian, Mrs. Ketelsen, sent some poems I'd written about dinosaurs to Highlights magazine.(时间过得很快,我上了四年级。我们学校的图书管理员Ketelsen夫人把我写的一些关于恐龙的诗寄给了《亮点》杂志)”可知,上文提到图书管理员把作者的诗寄给了杂志,可知本句是在说明结果:第一次出版了作品。故C选项“我第一次出版的作品!”符合语境,故选C。
③推理判断题。根据上文“At the University, though majoring in journalism, I quickly learned that I did not want to be a newspaper reporter.(在大学里,虽然我的专业是新闻,但我很快意识到我并不想成为一名新闻记者)”以及后文“It amuses almost everyone who knows me and thinks I'm outgoing. (I am, but only with people I know!) So I was thrilled when I was selected for a summer internship at Reader's Digest.(几乎所有认识我并且认为我很外向的人都觉得很有趣。是的,但只和我认识的人在一起的时候!。所以当我被选为《读者文摘》的暑期实习生时,我非常激动)”可知,后文提到作者只有和认识的人在一起才很外向,可见作者对采访他人很害羞。故D选项“我对采访很害羞”符合语境,故选D。
④推理判断题。根据上文“Ten years after that, I came back to RD to work as an editor.(10年后,我回到了《读者文摘》,做编辑)”以及后文“I've worked at other magazines too, but I've spent most of my career here, reading magazines, newspapers, websites, and books for stories we could condense : writing articles: even choosing jokes.(我也在其他杂志工作过,但我职业生涯的大部分时间都花在这里,阅读杂志、报纸、网站和书籍,寻找我们可以简缩的故事、写文章,即使选择的笑话)”可知,作者十年后再次回到了曾经实习过的《读者文摘》做编辑,可推测回去的路很漫长。故A选项“回家的路很长”符合语境,故选A。
⑤推理判断题。根据后文“ 'The Tractor War' takes me home to the Midwest. 'Something to Sneeze At' reminds me of all the sneezing I did when I moved to New York City and was suddenly allergic to grasses and trees...I relate to lots of our stories this month, and I hope you do too. Enjoy!(《拖拉机战争》把我带回了中西部的家。《打喷嚏的东西》让我想起我搬到纽约时的所有打喷嚏,突然对草和树过敏……这个月我讲了很多我们的故事,我希望你也一样。享受吧!)”可知,后文列举的故事让作者想起了自己的经历,故F选项“这一期的故事似乎介绍了我自己”符合语境,故选F。（8）Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.A brain makes decisions that alter its surroundings, __________ in turn affects later decisions.
2.Charles was __________ (intense) interested in the natural world from an early age.
3.Their assumption __________ their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.
4.Feeling that most of the members have voted __________ him, he put on a smile.
5.It was with great courage __________ the boy told the truth __________ he had stolen the money.
6.My sister's study habits have left me the impression __________ fifth graders are too old to have stories read out to them.
7.The Taylors decided that they would employ an __________ (architecture) to do the work.
8.When we were having maths class, the door opened and in came a stranger __________ (interrupt) our class.
9.We would like to see closer __________ (cooperate) between parents and schools.
10.He wrote many children's books, nearly half of __________ were published in the 1990s.
二、阅读理解
A Dutch collector who says he bought the Zhang Gong Patriarch—an ancient Buddha statue containing the mummified(木乃伊化的)remains of a famous monk—has been ordered to return the stolen relic to its original owners, two villages in Fujian Province. The Fujian Provincial High People's Court announced the order on Wednesday, upholding the original ruling(裁决) made by a lower court about two years ago.
In a ruling in late 2020, the Sanming Intermediate People's Court demanded that Oscar van Overeem, the Dutch architect and collector who bought the statue, return it to Yangchun and Dongpu villages. For local villagers, the statue is a significant cultural relic that had been at the Puzhao Temple in Sanming, Fujian Province, where they could honor and worship it before it was stolen in December 1995, according to the high court. The lawyer for Van Overeem did not comment or give a statement over the ruling.
After further investigation and trial, the high court said on Wednesday that although Van Overeem has said he bought the statue in Amsterdam in 1996, he could not provide a receipt. In March 2015, he allowed the statue to be exhibited at the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest, the high court said.
The high court upheld the lower court's ruling that the statue was stolen and is an illegally exported cultural relic. The high court added the statue reflects the traditional customs of southern Fujian and has a special meaning for the villagers, and, therefore, should be returned. Lawyers from both sides were present when the ruling was announced on Tuesday. A number of legislators(立法者),political advisers and journalists were also on hand for the ruling.
Lin Kaian, a villager from Yangchun who was present at the court when the ruling was announced on Tuesday, said, "I'm glad to hear the high court ruled in favor of us demanding the return of the statue. We respect the ruling, and we hope the statue will be back with us as soon as possible."
11. What does the underlined word "upholding" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Doubting. B. Supporting. C. Reviewing. D. Changing.
12. How did he get the Buddha statue according to Oscar van Overeem himself
A. He paid for it in Amsterdam.
B. He asked someone else to steal it.
C. He got it from a villager in Sanming.
D. He took it from the Puzhao Temple.
13. What do we know about the statue according to the text
A. The statue is a significant cultural relic that had been at the villager's house.
B. The lawyer for Van Overeem expressed his disagreement with the ruling in 2020.
C. In March 2015, Van Overeem allowed the statue to be exhibited in Amsterdam.
D.The lower court announced it is an illegally exported cultural relic.
14. Which can serve as the best title for the news report
A. Buddha Statue Reflects Traditional Customs of Southern Fujian
B. Villagers Look for Buddha Statue Ever Since Its Disappearance
C. Dutch Collector Warned to Provide Receipt for Buddha Statue
D. Dutch Collector Ordered to Return Buddha Statue
三、完形填空
She may be a young girl, but when it comes to sisterly devotion and giving back, Hailey Scheinman is wise beyond her years. 13-year-old Hailey has a(n) 15 sister named Olivia (Livy), and the two are of an age and practically inseparable.
This is true despite the fact that physically, the girls are very 16 . Hailey is healthy, but Livy 17 from epilepsy (癫痫). Regardless of their physical difference, Hailey's love for Livy
18 through every day. The sisters play and read together and Hailey helps her sister with her many needs. Although Hailey was very young, she has taken this love even one step further. In order to help with the cost of Livy's physical treatments and to help other families with large
19 costs, she created and sold artworks through her charity, Livy's Hope.
Hailey had overheard her parents talking about how to 20 money for Livy's expensive medical treatments. She immediately started painting pictures and 21 them on eBay.
Hailey and her family decided to start 22 back to other families in need. Now, they give 100% of the 23 from everything sold at Livy's Hope to other families who are going through what the Scheinmans have experienced!
More recently, they launched an activity, which has 24 from one local lemonade stand that Hailey's friend's organized for Livy to a national 25 that takes place in every state and around the world each July!
Through her incredible 26 and sympathy, Hailey has given new 27 to the words "sisterly love", which has inspired countless others with her action!
The Scheinman family's 28 is: Don't Give Up, Give Back. They are a true example of taking action, helping others and doing something good in the face of 29 .
15.A. twin B. younger C. elder D. lonely
16.A. alike B. different C. familiar D. consistent
17.A. recovers B. comes C. results D. suffers
18.A. goes B. shines C. breaks D. gets
19.A. transport B. social C. accommodation D. medical
20.A. spend B. lend C. use D. raise
21.A. hanging B. advertising C. selling D. buying
22.A. taking B. giving C. paying D. setting
23.A. profits B. benefits C. rewards D. prizes
24.A. ranged B. changed C. appeared D. grown
25.A. conference B. game C. event D. festival
26.A. kindness B. faith C. selfishness D. creativity
27.A. concept B. meaning C. image D. function
28.A. slogan B. tradition C. condition D. motto
29.A. danger B. difficulty C. risk D. failure
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：which
解析：句意为: 大脑作出的决定会改变周围的环境, 进而影响以后的决定。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为前面整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词 which。
2.答案：intensely
解析：考查副词。设空处在句中修饰形容词interested,所以应填副词形式,故填intensely。
3.答案：that
解析：句意为: 他们以为他们正在进行的项目是全新的,事实证明这是错的。their project under way was something entirely new 是对 assumption 的解释说明,是同位语从句, 从句不缺成分,句意完整,所以应用连接词 that。故填 that。
4.答案：for
解析：句意为: 感觉到大多数的成员已经给他投了赞成票, 他露出了微笑。vote for意为“投票赞成”, vote against意为“投票反对”。结合句意可知此处应填for。
5.答案：that; that
解析：句意为: 这个男孩鼓起极大的勇气才说出了实情—是他偷了钱。分析句子结构可知, 本句包含 "It is/ was... that/who..." 强调句型, 去掉 It was 和第一个设空处后,句子结构仍然完整,此处强调 with great courage,故第一空填 that; 第二空在 truth 后引导同位语从句,解释 truth 的内容, 且设空处在从句中不作成分, 故用 that 引导该从句。
6.答案：that
解析：句意为:我姐姐的学习习惯给我留下的印象是,五年级学生已经长大了,不需要再给他们读故事了。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是同位语从句,对抽象名词 impression 进行解释说明。引导词在从句中不作成分, 只起到连接作用,应用 that。故填 that。
7.答案：architect
解析：句意为: 泰勒一家决定聘请一位建筑师来做这项工作。根据句意和设空处前的冠词 an 可知, 此处应使用表示 “人”的单数名词作宾语,意为“建筑师”。故填 architect。
8.答案：interrupting
解析：句意为: 当我们正在上数学课的时候, 门开了,一个陌生人进来打断了我们的课。此处是非谓语动词作状语, interrupt 与其逻辑主语 stranger 之间是主动关系, 所以应用现在分词。
9.答案：cooperation
解析：考查词性转换。句意:我们想要看到家长和学 校间更密切的合作。此处作宾语，应用名词形式。
10.答案：which
解析：逗号后面的句子为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为children's books, 指物, 关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语, 故填which。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：考查词义猜测。根据第一段中“…has been ordered to return the stolen relic to its original owners, two villages in Fujian Province.”以及第二段中“In a ruling in late 2020,the Sanming Intermediate People's Court demanded that Oscar van Overeem, the Dutch architect and collector who bought the statue, return it to Yangchun and Dongpu villages.”可知,两次判决的结果是一样的,由此推知,画线单词uphold意为“维持(原判)”,B项support“支持”与原文所表达的意思一致。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中“…Van Overeem has said he bought the statue in Amsterdam in 1996...”可知,根据Van Overeem的说法,他是在阿姆斯特丹购买的这座佛像。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“The high court upheld the lower court's ruling that the statue was stolen and is an illegally exported cultural relic.”可知,法院将这座佛像认定为非法出口的文物。故选D。
14.答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知,文章主要讲的是一名荷兰收藏家被法院责令将被盗的文物归还给它原来的主人的故事,故文章最好的标题是“荷兰收藏家被要求归还佛像”。故选D。
三、完形填空
15.答案： A
解析：根据设空处后的 the two are of an age and practically inseparable 可知,姐妹俩同岁,应该是双胞胎。twin 意为 “双胞胎之一的”, 符合语境。
16.答案： B
解析：根据下文的 Hailey is healthy, but Livy 17 from epilepsy. 及 Regardless of their physical difference 可知, 黑莉很健康, 而莉薇身患癫痫, 因此姐妹俩在身体健康方面是不同的。different 意为 “不同的”, 符合语境。alike 意为“十分相似的”; familiar 意为 “熟悉的”; consistent 意为 “一贯的; 一致的”。
17.答案： D
解析：此句是通过 but 来连接两个并列分句, 故该空所在的分句要与 “黑莉是健康的” 构成转折关系; 根据设空处后的 epilepsy 可知, 此处指莉薇身患癫痫。suffer from 意为 “遭受”, 符合语境。recover 意为 “恢复健康; 康复”; come 意为 “来”; result 意为“因……发生”。
18.答案： B
解析：根据下文的 Hailey helps her sister with her many needs 可知,黑莉对莉微的爱每天都显现无遗。shine through 意为“显现出来”, 符合语境。
19.答案： D
解析：根据下文的 20 money for Livy's expensive medical treatments 和 from everything sold at Livy's Hope to other families who are going through what the Scheinmans have experienced 可知, 莉薇身患癫痫, 这一家人需要筹集高额的治疗费用, 他们还决定帮助和自己有相同境遇的家庭。medical 意为“医学的; 医疗的”, 符合语境。transport 意为 “运输”; social 意为 “社交的”; accommodation 意为“住处”。
20.答案： D
解析：根据设空处后的 expensive medical treatments 可知, 此处指姐妹俩的父母在谈论怎样为莉薇的治疗筹钱。raise 意为 “募集;筹集”,符合语境。
21.答案： C
解析：根据上文中的 sold artworks through her charity 可知, 此处指黑莉立即开始画画并将作品通过自己创办的慈善组织售卖。故 selling 符合语境。
22.答案： B
解析：根据下文的 Now, they give 100% of the 23 from everything sold at Livy's Hope 可知, 这一家人把他们的慈善组织所获得的利润全部捐给和他们有相同境遇的家庭。give back to 意为 “回馈”, 符合语境。
23.答案： A
解析：根据空后的 from everything sold 可知, 卖东西挣得的是收益。profit 意为“利润; 收益”, 符合语境。benefit 意为“好处;益处;津贴”; reward 意为 “奖励; 报酬”; prize 意为 “奖金; 奖品;奖赏”。
24.答案： D
解析：根据空后出现的 local 和 national 两个词可知,他们发起的活动规模在扩大。grow 意为 “扩大;增多”,符合语境。
25.答案： C
解析：根据上文中的 they launched an activity 可知, 这是他们发起的一项活动, 由当地的柠檬汁摊位发展到全国甚至全世界的活动。activity 与 event 相呼应。event 意为“活动”,符合语境。
26.答案： A
解析：根据空后的 sympathy 及最后一段的 helping others 可知,此处指黑莉善良的品质。kindness 意为 “善良;仁慈”, 符合语境。
27.答案： B
解析：根据上文所讲的她不仅帮助自己的家人还帮助其他和自己有同样境遇的家庭可知,她的善良和同情心给“sisterly love”赋予了新的含义。meaning 意为 “意义; 含义”, 符合语境。
28.答案： D
解析：根据空后的 Don't Give Up, Give Back. 可知, 这句话是这个家庭的家训。motto 意为 “座右铭”, 符合语境。slogan 意为 “口号;标语”; tradition 意为“传统”; condition 意为“条件”。
29.答案：B
解析：根据上文可知, 黑莉是在自身家庭处于困境的情况下帮助别人的。difficulty 意为 “困难; 难事”, 符合语境。（14）Unit 3 Careers and skills—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.She asked me __________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
2.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing __________ she was heading.
3.Every year, __________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
4.Scientists have obtained more evidence __________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
5.When you finish your essay, you'd better turn to your teacher __________ (polish) it, which makes it more readable.
6.His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely __________ body language that is universal.
7.The students completed this experiment to make __________ Professor Joseph had said come true.
8.By boat is the only way to get here, which is __________ we arrived.
9. __________ (overcome) shyness and nervousness is quite difficult for those who seldom speak in public.
10.Every one of us should show great respect for the firefighters, for they always put their lives __________ the line for our safety.
二、阅读理解
Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career, during which she developed medicines to treat many major diseases. Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan. She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Motivated by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19. She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists. She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University. Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master's degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women. At the age of 26, Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Wellcome & Company, where she began a 40 -year partnership with Dr George H. Hitchings. Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr Hitchings, and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells. Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods, they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens (病原体) to design medicines. In all, Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with George H. Hitchings and Sir James W. Black. She received other awards for her work, including the National Medal of Science in 1991, and that same year, she became the first woman to be inducted (使正式加入) into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
11.What can we say about Elion as a high school student
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a strong desire for learning.
C. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
D. She made great achievements in chemistry.
12.Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college
A. To meet her grandfather's wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To create medicines to treat diseases.
D. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
13.When did Elion start working for Burroughs Wellcome & Company
A. In 1933. B. In 1937. C. In 1944. D. In 1984.
14.What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph
A. Her later life. B. Her honours.
C. Her interest in chemistry. D. Her significant contributions.
三、七选五
How to Choose a Rewarding Career
When you think about choosing a career, you often do it in the following two ways.
①_____. If you like writing or doing crafts, you might consider these things. This is not a bad way to go, of course, but you can't always make money by doing things you like (like playing video games or drinking beer). And sometimes things you like are better as a hobby or passion.
Think about a well-paid job that you can do and that doesn't sound so bad. Maybe a doctor, engineer or lawyer Or maybe that's out of your educational reach, so you choose office or retail workers. ②_____ but often they are not something you're really passionate about. It's kind of like just doing something because it's there—not very inspired.
However, there's another way that is perhaps better: ③_____. For example, taking care of children, if you really want to help children get a great start in life or blossom into who they want to be, or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease. ④_____ and if you choose one of them for the purpose, you will serve in the work feeling a sense of purpose each day.
There are endless ways to do that. The point isn't how you serve the world, but that serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose. ⑤_____.
A. These are all great choices
B. Think about what you like to do
C. You can identify your purpose and work out how to get there
D. Each of these is just one of many possibilities filled with purpose
E. Try to do something to serve a community or make the world better
F. The sooner you complete the training requirements, the sooner you will make a living
G. If you choose a purposeful and enjoyable job, you're always further along than most people
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案： whether/if
解析：句意为:她问我有没有把书还回图书馆,我承认还没有。and连接并列句,设空处引导宾语从句,且表达“是否”的含义,故填whether/if。
2.答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在树木成荫的街道上，不知道自己要去往哪里。
3.答案：whoever
解析： 句意：在每年的风筝节上，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，指人，且此处并无范围可言，表示“……的任何人”，故填whoever。
4.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经找到了塑料侵入人体的更多证据。that引导同位语从句，进一步解释说明evidence。
5.答案：to polish
解析：句意为: 当你写完文章后,你最好找你的老师帮忙润色一下, 使其可读性更强。根据句意可知, 此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填 to polish。
6.答案：on/upon
解析：句意为:他的幽默总是通过一系列简单而有趣的动作表现出来, 这些动作完全依赖于通用的肢体语言。rely on/upon 为固定搭配,意为“依赖”。故填 on/upon。
7.答案：what
解析：句意为: 为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成真, 学生们完成了这项实验。设空处引导宾语从句, 在从句中作 had said 的宾语,意为 “……的东西”, 应用 what 引导该从句。故填 what。
8.答案：how
解析：考查表语从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限制性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句, how充当方式状语,表示“如何”。
9.答案：Overcoming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:对于那些很少在公众场合讲话的人来说,克服害羞和紧张感是相当困难的。分析句子结构可知,“_____ (overcome) shyness and nervousness”在句中作主语,空处应填非谓语,表示抽象的动作,故应用动词-ing形式。故填Overcoming。
10.答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意:我们每个人都应该非常尊敬消防员,因为他们总是冒着生命危险来维护我们的安全。固定短语put…on the line意为“冒风险”。故填on。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge. 可知, 作为一名高中生, 埃利恩有强烈的求知欲。故选 B 项。
12.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 Motivated by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19. 并结合后文她与希钦斯一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物可以推断,埃利恩选择在大学里学习化学的原因是:要创造药物去治疗疾病。故选 C 项。
13.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 At the age of 26 , Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Wellcome & Company, where she began a 40 -year partnership with Dr George H. Hitchings. 并结合文章第一句 Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career 可以推断,埃利恩在 1944 年开始为该公司工作。故选 C 项。
14.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的关键信息 In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; She received other awards for her work...; In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award. 可知,在最后一段中, 作者主要讲的是埃利恩所获得的荣誉。故选 B 项。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤BAEDG
解析：①下文“If you like writing or doing crafts, you might consider these things.”说明可以把自己喜欢做的事当成职业。 B项“想想你喜欢做什么”能够概括本段的内容。故选B项。
②上文“Maybe a doctor, engineer or lawyer Or...office or retail workers.”介绍了一些可能的职业选择。下文“but often they are not something you're really passionate about”表示转折,说明空处讲的是对这些职业的总结和概括。A项“这些都是很好的选择”承接上文且与下文为转折关系,符合语境。故选A项。
③上文“However, there's another way that is perhaps better”说明接下来要讲另一种选择职业的办法。下文“For example, taking care of children... scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease.”列举了一些更有意义的职业选择。E项“试着做点事情来服务社区或者让世界变得更好”承上启下,符合语境。故选E项。
④下文“and if you choose one of them for the purpose, you will serve in the work feeling a sense of purpose each day”说明选择有意义的职业的好处。D项中的purpose和下文中a sense of purpose相呼应,说明这些职业都充满意义,引出下文。故选D项。
⑤上文“The point isn't how you serve the world, but that serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose.”说明选择工作的重点是让你感觉有意义。G项“如果你选择了一份有意义且有趣的工作,你总是比大多数人走得更远”进一步说明选择一份有意义的工作很重要,承接上文。故选G项。（4）Unit 2 Out of this world—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the Earth, __________ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.
2. __________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
3.It is calculated that around 60 countries now have satellites __________ (orbit) the Earth.
4.The television program is designed to educate and not __________ (mere) to entertain.
5.When he graduated in 2016, he landed a job at an advertising __________ (agent) near Shichahai, a popular scenic area in Beijing.
6.The room still has many of its __________ (origin) features.
7.The __________ (astronomy) is delighted that China has made great achievements in the field of astronomy.
8.It remains to be seen __________ a weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
9.The Earth is only one of the numerous planets __________ the universe.
10.By boat is the only way to get here, which is __________ we arrived.
二、阅读理解
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. "We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day," explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
11.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates
C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants.
12.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water. B.To change the compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants.
13.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
14.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
三、七选五
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ①_____ And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
②_____ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
③_____ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ④_____
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ⑤_____ Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.
A.This isn't usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：what
解析：句意为:杨利伟成功绕地球飞行后,我们的航天员渴望做的就是在太空行走。succeed in doing sth为固定搭配,意为“成功做某事”。故填circling。
2.答案：What
解析：考查主语从句。句意:使得这本书如此出众的是作者创造性的想象力。is前的句子是主语从句,空处在主语从句中作主语,再根据句意可知,应填What。
3.答案：orbiting
解析：句意为:据计算,目前大约有60个国家拥有环绕地球运行的人造卫星。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,修饰satellites, orbit与satellites之间是逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填 orbiting。
4.答案：merely
解析：句意为:这个电视节目是为了教育而设计的,而不仅仅是为了娱乐。设空处修饰动词不定式,作状语,应用副词形式。故填merely。
5.答案：agency
解析：考查名词。句意:2016年毕业后,他在一家广告代理公司谋得了一份工作,地处北京当红风景区什刹海附近。根据句意可知,此处表示广告代理公司。故填agency。
6.答案：original
解析：考查形容词。句意：这个房间还保留着许多最初的特点。本空修饰名词features,故应用形容词original“最初的，原先的”。
7.答案：astronomer
解析：句意为:这位天文学家很高兴中国在天文学领域取得了巨大成就。根据空格前的冠词The可知,设空处应填名词作主语;再根据is delighted可知,设空处指人,且应用名词的单数形式。故填astronomer。
8.答案：whether/if
解析：句意为:天气跟踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。分析句子结构可知,It作形式主语,设空处引导主语从句,从句不缺少成分,结合句意可知,表示“是否”,应用whether或if引导该主语从句。故填whether或if。
9.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:地球只是宇宙中众多行星中的一个。 in the universe是固定搭配,意为“在宇宙中”,符合句意。故填in。
10.答案：how
解析：考查表语从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限制性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句, how充当方式状语,表示“如何”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：考查段落大意。根据第一段第二句“Recent studies have found positive effects”及本段中的“greener areas of the city experienced less crime”和“employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants”可知,D选项“Benefits from green plants”能概括本段内容。
12.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知,A选项正确。根据该句后半部分“a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater”可知,干扰项D选项错误。
13.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy”可推知,在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
14.答案：C
解析：考查标题判断。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”;第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗 )最能凸显本文主题。
三、七选五
答案：EBCAG
解析：①细节句。本段开头介绍什么是乔迁派对,接下来又对乔迁派对的功能做了具体的介绍。根据空格上句“The party is a chance for...”可知,接下来顺承此意“它也给了人们一个参观新家的机会”,所以E选项“It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.”与上句是并列关系。前面提到“the party”,后面用到代词“It”。故选E。
②主旨句。本段主要介绍与乔迁礼相关的内容,所以B项“带礼物去参加乔迁派对是传统”符合本段主旨。故选B。
③主旨句。空格后提到“这一点是值得赞赏的,因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物”。其中“This”就指代前面提到的事情,而空格后的内容是与乔迁派对上的食物有关的,所以C选项“你也可以带一些食物或者饮品与其他宾客分享”符合题意。故选C。
④细节句。设空处前面主要讲因为主人刚搬家准备不够充分,人们可自带食物或饮料。A项“可也并非总是如此”是对上文的补充说明。故选A。
⑤细节句。设空处前面提到乔迁派对的起源,G项“这样人们可以在冬天保持家里温暖”是对上一句的总结。故选G。（12）Unit 2 Understanding each other—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.He got into a situation __________ it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
2.If you wish to be admitted to a key university, you must tolerate __________ (work) hard all the three years in senior high school.
3.The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond __________ what was actually said.
4. __________ (fluent) in English is required for this job.
5.Many people expressed a strong __________ (prefer) for the original plan.
6.For another thing, due to the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil __________ (build) enough nutrients.
7.A large number of interpreters were present at the party, most of __________ Jimmy had known for ages.
8.Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond __________ what we desire.
9.Living in the desert area involves a lot of problems, among __________ the lack of water is the worst.
10.Those __________ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
二、阅读理解
The British may be made fun of for their weather-related small talk, but a recent study suggests that just four minutes of chatting can reveal aspects of our personality and influence subsequent social interactions.
Researchers divided 338 participants into two groups before meeting in person and asked each participant to complete a personality and IQ test. Within each group, participants were paired and either conversed by text for 4 minutes or had no contact with their partner. Participants were then required to infer aspects of their partner's personality and predict whether they would act cooperatively or selfishly in two money-based strategy games.
The results showed that those who chatted scored higher in predicting their partners' IQ and personality test responses, but were also more likely to project their own personality characteristics onto their partners. "Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we're talking to, "says Professor Sgroi.
Participants then met and played with their conversation partner or, in the case of the no-contact group, met and played with strangers.
The researchers then gave each participant &20 and asked them to contribute to a joint pot (罐) shared with their partners, an experiment called the Public Goods Game.
The team says people who have chatted with their partners are more likely to correctly predict their contributions to the pot. In addition, those who chatted beforehand contributed 30% more than those who did not. The results also depended on the relationships they established through small talk.
Georgie Nightingall, the founder of Trigger Conversations, says that small talk is a great way to encourage cooperation in the workplace. "People are bad at small talk because it feels like there is no end to it. It can feel awkward and pointless once you have all the information you need. While asking questions helps build relationships with people, people will be happy to have a chat if you show that you care about others. My advice is to be sincere (真诚) and considerate. "
11.What does the underlined word "reveal" mean in paragraph 1
A.Contribute to. B.Give away. C.Limit. D.Change.
12.What helps conversation partners predict their contributions correctly
A.Their common interests and hobbies.
B.The differences of their personalities.
C.The accurate judgments of each other's IQ.
D.Their previous impressions and connections.
13.What does Nightingale suggest we do to inspire others to communicate with us
A.Avoid asking them questions. B.Share our personal privacy.
C.Show genuine concern for them. D.Start with our strengths and virtues.
14.What's the purpose of this text
A.To present a research outcome. B.To describe a cultural phenomenon.
C.To assess British people's social skills. D.To motivate people to interact by texting.
三、七选五
How to Improve Communication Skills
Communication is just as basic as food and drink. ①_____. Here's how you can improve your communication skills.
Say What's on Your Mind
②_____. The need to be politically correct runs supreme and tends to keep personal opinions withdrawn from the conversation. The prime intention of being able to communicate effectively is to be able to express your personal opinions in the given matter. Limiting your thought process for the sake of catering to people tends to have a bad influence on communication skills in the long run.
③_____
Every conversationalist believes that the perfect way to engage audiences' attention is to maintain eye contact with them. Looking people in the eyes tends to draw their wavering attention to the conversation in hand. If you want to improve your communication skills, remember to engage your audiences, attention by directly looking at them. Eye contact ties the speaker to the masses with an invisible bond and forces them to pay attention. ④_____.
Be a Good Listener
Communication is hardly a one-way process. Listening is as important as speaking. In fact, most communication experts believe that an ideal communicator tends to listen more than speak. ⑤_____. Not only does it make the communicating experience richer but also it makes you more sympathetic to the other person. In boardrooms and important meetings, cautious listening could help you achieve the success that even polished speaking may not.
By following the steps suggested above, you will be able to improve your communication skills.
A. Keep Eye Contact
B. Use Your Body Language
C. Without eye contact, verbal communication is completely in vain
D. Nothing is more important than communication
E. While some people use communication skills well, others struggle to be understood
F. When it comes to conveying the desired message, most people can't speak their mind under the influence of social expectations
G. While it is effective to reduce interpersonal troubles by talking them out, sometimes listening alone does the trick
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：where
解析：句意为:他陷入了一种难以判断是非的境地。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是situation,意为“状况;局面”,为抽象地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2.答案：working
解析：句意为: 如果你希望被一所重点大学录取, 你就必须忍受在整个高中三年要刻苦学习。tolerate doing sth. 是固定搭配,意为“忍受做某事”。故填 working。
3.答案：with/to
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:那次谈话的文字记录与原话不符。correspond with/to意为“与……一致/相符”。故填with/to。
4.答案：Fluency
解析：考查名词。句意：这份工作要求英语流利。此处作主语，表示“流利”应用名词 fluency，为不可数名词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Fluency。
5.答案：preference
解析：句意为:许多人表示尤为喜欢原计划。设空处作宾语,根据空前的冠词a和形容词strong可知,该空需要填名词,故填preference。
6.答案：to build
解析：句意为:另一方面,由于亚马孙气候炎热,土壤很难积累足够的养分。“it is+adj.+for sb/sth+to do sth”为常用句式,意为“对某人/某物来说,做某事是……的”,其中it为形式主语,不定式为真正的主语。故填to build。
7.答案：whom
解析：句意为:有许多口译员出席了此次聚会,其中大部分人吉米已经认识很久了。此处为“代词+of+关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词interpreters指人,且关系代词在从句中作宾语,故填whom。
8.答案：to/with
解析：句意为:实际上,我们所有人都渴望成功,但有时我们的行动并不符合我们的愿望。correspond to/with...为固定搭配,意为“与……相一致”。故填to/with。
9.答案：which
解析：句意为:住在沙漠地区有很多问题,其中最严重的问题是缺水。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代先行词problems,在从句中作介词among的宾语,故用which引导该从句。
10.答案：who
解析：句意为:那些想去看电影的人必须在学校门口等候。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为Those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导该从句。故填who。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段中“The results showed that those who chatted scored higher in predicting their partners' IQ and personality test responses...”和“Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we're talking to”可知,一项研究 结果表明，通过几分钟的闲聊，我们的性格就会透露出来，并被交谈的另一方知晓。因此 reveal 意为“透露；揭示”， 与give away 意思相近。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we're talking to”和倒数第二段中 “The results also depended on the relationships they established through small talk.”可知，通过闲聊，我们得以了解对方的性格等心理特质，从而可以比较准确地预测对方 的行为。由此推断，在闲聊中建立的印象和联系有助于让 预测更为准确。A项“共同的兴趣和爱好”和B项“性格 的不同”在文中未被提及，C项“对于彼此智商的准确判 断”是闲聊的结果，与“预测对方的行为”无关。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While asking questions helps build relationships with people, people will be happy to have a chat if you show that you care about others. My advice is to be sincere(真诚）and considerate.”可知, Nightingale建议要真诚并体贴他人，这样才能通过沟通来 与之建立良好的关系。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：考查写作意图。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项 研究。该研究表明，仅仅四分钟的闲聊就可以揭示我们的 性格，并影响随后的社交互动。文章具体说明了研究的对象、过程和数据来解释这一研究结果。因此，A项“为了呈 现一项研究结果”符合文章的目的。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤EFACG
解析：①根据下一句 Here's how you can improve your communication skills.可知,以下是提高沟通技巧的方法。由此可知,设空处讲的是有的人交流技巧好,有的人交流技巧不好,所以E项“虽然有些人能很好地使用沟通技巧,但有些人努力被理解”符合语境,E项中communication skills与下一句中 communication skills 呼应。故选E。
②根据标题“Say What's on Your Mind”可知,本段建议说出心里想的,结合下一句 The need to be politically correct runs supreme and tends to keep personal opinions withdrawn from the conversation,可知,政治上正确的需要是至高无上的,常常会让你不能表达出你的观点,因此推断出,有人由于受到外界影响不善于表达出自己的想法,所以F项“涉及传达所需的信息时,大多数人在社会期望的影响下不能说出自己的想法” 符合语境,引起下文。故选F。
③根据本段前两句可知,每一个健谈的人都认为,吸引观众注意力的完美方式是与他们保持眼神交流。直视人们往往会把他们动摇的注意力吸引到在进行中的对话上。由此可知, 本段是介绍眼神交流在沟通中的作用。A项中Eye Contact与本段中eye contact呼应,所以A项“保持眼神交流”符合语境,引起下文。故选A。
④根据上一句 Eye contact ties the speaker to the masses with an invisible bond and forces them to pay attention.可知, 眼神交流以一种无形的纽带将演讲者与大众联系在一起, 迫使他们集中注意力,所以说明眼神交流很重要。C项“没有眼神交流的口头沟通完全是白费力气”符合语境, 总结上文。故选C。
⑤据小标题Be a Good Listener可知,本段介绍了善于聆听在交流中的益处,G项“虽然通过把它们讲出来以减少人际关系问题是有效的,但有时只倾听就可以起作用”符合语境,说明了倾听在交流中的作用。故选G。（2）Unit 1 Wish you were here—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.There are several ways to create and maintain a __________ (harmony) dormitory life.
2.When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned __________ contrast.
3.The children were following every word of the story __________ (intent).
4.It is in the very gym that was built last year __________ I work out on a regular basis after work.
5.Millions of people are threatened with __________ (starve) as a result of drought and poor harvests.
6. __________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
7.I bought all the food in the shop, much of __________ was given out to the poor.
8.All the students were following every word of the storyteller __________ (intent).
9.Historically, there was a lot of deep-rooted prejudice against __________ (ethnic) mixed people.
10.The boy's room is a complete contrast __________ the girl's room.
二、阅读理解
Travel is one of the most exciting experiences a human being can have. Imagine how Italian traveler Marco Polo must have felt when he found himself on Chinese soil, seeing a way of life quite different from anything he'd seen before. And how great must it have been to listen to Zhang Qian when he returned to China from his journey through Central Asia His brain must have been packed with everything he'd seen and heard, leading to the founding of the Silk Road.
Some people have traveled all over the world, and travel is a way of life for them. They perhaps know what to expect before they travel. That's why the best travel is when it's for the first time. Imagine a person who has always wanted to travel to the United States. Of course, they've probably seen the Statue of Liberty, the White House, and all the other famous sights a thousand times on TV. But none of those would compare to the excitement of looking out of the window as the plane lands, watching the cities and streets of the real America come into view.
Although travel is often just for recreation, it's also educational. We may not know that we are getting an education, but we still are.
We're learning every day: new words in a new language, new people, and new ways of life. But this learning takes place in the school of the world, not in the classroom. As we get to know foreign places, we come to understand that there are many different ways to live, and that the way we live isn't necessarily the best way.
11. Why does the author use Marco Polo and Zhang Qian as examples
A. To explain how the Silk Road was founded.
B. To present travel as an amazing experience.
C. To show how the way people travel has changed.
D. To describe important cultural exchanges in history.
12. What does the author mean by saying "the best travel is when it's for the first time"
A. One's first trip is usually the most challenging.
B. No other trip is more exciting than one's first trip.
C. There is always much to learn on one's first trip.
D. People usually make better preparations for their first trip.
13. What does the underlined word "recreation" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Fun. B. Risk. C. Learning. D. Knowledge.
14. What does the author believe according to the last two paragraphs
A. Traveling should be included in formal education.
B. Traveling improves people's confidence in their lifestyle.
C. Foreign journeys can enrich people's knowledge of the world.
D. Foreign ways of life are better than our own way of life at home.
三、七选五
You probably know you should say "please" and "thank you" at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. ①_________ In fact, there are some rules about playing music.
Keep it down.
②_________ You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play music loud on an MP3 player, other people can't hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. No one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears.
Turn it off.
You need to know when to turn your MP3 off and put it away. Libraries and schools don't allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don't have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it doesn't make sense to listen on your MP3 player at an event. ③_________ You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.
Take one out.
Once in a while it's okay just to take out one earphone and not the other. ④_________ It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it's not for you.
⑤_________
There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when reading books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.
A. It's your choice.
B. Don't make your voice disturb others.
C. But do you have music manners
D. You have to notice the amount of sound of your music.
E. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event
F. Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way.
G. The music is active and inspiring as long as you can feel energetic when you are listening to it.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：harmonious
解析：harmony名词，意为“和谐”;分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰名词life，应用形容词harmonious表示“和谐的”，作定语。故填:harmonious。
2.答案：by/in
解析：句意为:当你看他们的新系统时,相比之下我们的系统就显得很过时了。by/in contrast为固定搭配,意为“相比之下”。
3.答案：intently
解析：考查副词。句意:孩子们一字不漏地专心听故事,副词修饰动词,空处修饰 were following,故用副词形式。
4.答案：that
解析：句意为:正是在去年建的健身房,我下班后经常去锻炼。本题考查“it is+被强调部分+who/that+其他部分”强调句句型,句中被强调的是地点状语in the very gym。故填that。
5.答案：starvation
解析：考查名词。句意:几百万人因干旱和歉收而受到饥饿的威胁。介词后接名词,根据介词with可知,空处用名词形式。
6.答案：As
解析：句意为:和往常这种情况一样,我们制订了生产计划。as is often the case为常见用法,意为“情况经常是这样的”, as引导非限制性定语从句。故填As。
7.答案：which
解析：句意为：我买了商店里所有的食物，其中大部分分给了穷人。此处考查定语从句引导词，先行词是the food，指物，所以在介词of后面用which引导定语从句，故答案为which。
8.答案：intently
解析：句意为：孩子们正一字不漏地专心听故事。设空处应填副词，修饰谓语 were following，故填 intently。
9.答案：ethnically
解析： 考查副词。句意为：历史上，对少数民族混血儿有很多根深蒂固的偏见。副词修饰形容词,空处修饰mixed,故用副词形式。
10.答案：to
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:这个男孩的房间和那个女孩的房间截然不同。 a contrast to为固定搭配,意为“和……形成对照的事物”。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Travel is one of the most exciting experiences a human being can have.”以及下文的例子可推知,作者举这两个例子是为了表明旅行是令人惊叹的经历。故选B。
12.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They perhaps know what to expect before they travel. That's why the best travel is when it's for the first time...none of those would compare to the excitement of looking out of the window……of the real America come into view.”可知,人们在电视上看过的所有风景,都比不上它们真正映入眼帘时带给人们的兴奋感,尤其是当它们第一次被看到的时候。由此推知,“the best travel is when it's for the first time”的意思是,对人们来说,第一次旅行是新奇的,没有旅行能够比第一次旅行更令人激动。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。根据第二段内容可知,当人们亲眼看到某处风景时,那种兴奋感是无与伦比的。由此可知,旅行是一件有趣的事情。结合画线词所在句可知,此处表示,旅行不仅有娱乐意义,还有教育意义。画线词的意思是“乐趣”,故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。通读最后两段,尤其是最后一段中的“As we get to know foreign places, we come to understand that there are many different ways to live, and that the way we live isn't necessarily the best way.”可知,旅行的教育意义在于,我们开始明白有很多不同的生活方式,而且我们的生活方式不一定是最好的。所以作者认为出国旅行有助于丰富人们对世界的认识。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：CDEFA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听音乐时需要注意的一些问题,提醒我们做有素质的人。
①上句讲了在饭店、图书馆的礼貌问题;下句讲听音乐也有规则,也要讲礼貌。C项承上启下,故选C项。
②本段主要讲不要把声音调得太大,要控制好音量,不要影响身边的人。故选D项。
③本段讲不允许放音乐的场合及放音乐无意义的场合。故选E项。
④此处指当有人问路时把耳机拿下来。故选F项。
⑤本段讲要由你自己去决定什么时候听音乐是合适的,A项概括全段,故选A项。（9）Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1. __________ (travel) along the Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
2.Actually, our new campus is built __________ there used to be nothing but fields.
3.You cannot __________ (legal) take possession of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.
4.She was keen __________ (acquire) more advanced education to repay her motherland.
5.In front of the village __________ (lie) a stream.
6.Despite the difficulties, he stuck to __________ (work) hard and accomplished his tasks.
7.If someone is __________ (innocence), it means he did not commit a crime which he has been accused of.
8.Before you begin, it's worthwhile __________ (understand) the example application you'll build.
9.He's not very __________ (rely). You can't always count on him to do what he says he'll do.
10.I failed in the maths exam. I wish I __________ (put) a lot of time into my studies.
二、阅读理解
Not every man is cut out to be a father. If the thought of fatherhood fills you with fear, maybe it isn't for you or maybe it's a sign that you take the responsibility of fatherhood seriously.
As a parent, you are always going to have to trust your instincts(本能).There's no comprehensive rulebook on parenting. You'll screw up sometimes. Hopefully, your husband or wife will be there to nudge(鼓励) you in the right direction. And, as in many other aspects of life, doing the right thing will rarely make you popular. Your kids will need limits and discipline, and some days they will get angry with you for it. But the kids know on some level that they need limits and that the responsible parent who is setting and enforcing them is doing so because he or she cares. It's the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.
Certainly, we can find meaning in a lot of places in life. But for most of us who have seen the emergence of a small baby, fatherhood gives life unparalleled meaning. Parenthood, for a lot of us, may well be an antidepressant—not because you always feel good, but because you no longer have any time to sit around feeling bad. Your kids will always need you in one way or another—first for bottle-feeding, then as fellow pretend superheroes and to apply Band-Aids to skinned knees, and then, when they are teenagers, as a free personal Uber service or, once in a great while, for unexpected deep talks about the meaning of life.
I know what I did with my kids day after day, night after night, year over year, mattered so much. I won't pretend to have everything figured out about life, but I did figure out the immeasurable value in being one link in a great chain of family, stretching back to our ancestors and continuing into the future, into whatever the world throws at us next.
11. What does the underlined phrase "screw up" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Mess up. B. Feel down. C. Stay strong. D. Get inspired.
12. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. Parenting books are essential for parents.
B. Strict parents are popular with their kids.
C. Disciplining kids is a way to show love.
D. Kids seldom understand parents' intentions.
13. Why does the author mention the things a parent does for kids in Paragraph 3
A. To share some parenting tips. B. To stress the difficulty of parents.
C. To recall the growth of his kids. D. To show the value of being a parent.
14. How does the author mainly feel about fatherhood
A. Fearful. B. Stressed. C. Proud. D. Amused.
三、七选五
As parents, we must teach our children the importance and value of honesty from an early age. However, teaching our children to be honest isn't the same as teaching them to tie their shoelaces. ①_____ Otherwise, they'll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished.
②_____ Lying in order to receive objects and get attention are two main ones. Another one is to avoid punishment—parents should be careful with this one. Being too strict can result in children's lying more often.
When should we start teaching them the difference between the lies and the truth Children under the age of 3 don't have the ability to understand the importance of values. As soon as they turn 3, however, it's important for parents to watch carefully. It isn't enough for parents to teach. We must also observe our children's behaviour. ③_____
Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning. They will start to link honesty with something positive. This will help create a trustworthy environment within the family. ④_____ Parents are the models that their children follow, and therefore a lot will depend on a parent's behaviour.
As our children grow up, it's important to teach them the value of honesty. ⑤_____ It's important for them to realize that telling lies prevents us from helping them in the most appropriate way.
A. Let them understand the value of telling the truth.
B. Even if we're honest, our children may not be honest.
C. This will allow us to find out what makes the children lie.
D. We can't correct children's behaviour through punishment.
E. At the same time, we shouldn't let our children hear us lying.
F. Specialists in child psychology have listed the reasons why children lie.
G. Punishment and anger don't always work when we try to stop children from lying.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：Travelling
解析：句意为: 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有意义的经历。本句为主系表结构, 设空处为句子的主语, 应填v.-ing(动名词)形式, 故填Travelling。
2.答案：where
解析：句意为:事实上,我们的新校园所建的位置,以前除了田地什么也没有。设空处引导地点状语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.答案：legally
解析：考查副词。句意:合同签订三周后,你才能合法占有该财产。副词修饰动词,空处修饰动词短语,故用副词形式。
4.答案： to acquire
解析：考查动词不定式，句意：她渴望接受更高层次的教育以报答祖国，be keen to do sth.（渴望做某事），acquire用动词不定式形式。故填to acquire。
5.答案：lies
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：村子前面有一条小溪。结合句意可知，此处表一般事实的陈述，用一般现在时即可，表地点的介词短语In front of the village放句首，使用全部倒装结构；设空处在句中为谓语，其主语为后面的a stream，单数形式，故用lies。故填lies.
6.答案：working
解析：考查非谓语动词，句意：尽管困难重重，他还是坚持努力工作，完成了任务。stick do doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“坚持做某事”，此处to为介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填working.
7.答案：innocent
解析：考查形容词。句意:如果某人是无辜的,那就意味着他没有犯下他被指控的罪行。根据is和语境可知,空处用形容词形式作表语。
8.答案：to understand
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:在你开始之前,了解你将要构建的示例应用程序是值得的。it is worthwhile to do sth.为固定句型,表示“做某事是值得的”。
9.答案：reliable
解析：
10.答案：had put
解析：考查虚拟语气。动词wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,此处表示与过去事实相反,故从句中的谓语动词应用“had done”形式,故填had put。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的There's no comprehensive rule book on parenting.及Hopefully, your husband or wife will be there to nudge you in the right direction.可知,养育子女没有全面的指导手册,希望你的丈夫或妻子能帮助你向着正确的方向前进,因此推断此处表示有时候你会出错。由此可猜测,screw up意为“把……弄糟;出错”,与mess up意思相近。故选A项。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But the kids know on some level that they need limits and that the responsible parent who is setting and enforcing them is doing so because he or she cares. It's the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.可知,作者认为管教孩子是爱的一种表现。故选C项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,父亲的角色赋予了生命无与伦比的意义,对我们很多人来说,为人父母很可能是一种抗抑郁药,你的孩子总是会以这样或那样的方式需要你,因此推断作者提到父母为孩子所做的事情是为了说明做父母的意义。故选D项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为自己作为父亲为孩子们做的事情很重要,是家庭延续不可缺少的一部分,有着不可估量的价值,因此推断作者为自己的父亲身份感到自豪。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：D; F; C; E; A
解析：①根据下文可知,孩子可能会为了逃避惩罚而撒谎。D项说我们不能通过惩罚来纠正孩子的行为,其中punishment与下文中的punished是同根词复现,D项与下文所述构成转折关系,符合语境。故选D项。
②根据下文可知,孩子说谎主要是为了得到东西、引起注意以及逃避惩罚。F项和下文相衔接,下文中提到的孩子撒谎的原因是对F项中the reasons why children lie的具体说明。故选F项。
③根据上文可知,父母除了教育孩子不要撒谎之外,还必须观察孩子的行为。C项中的This指代上文中的observe our children's behaviour, C项顺承上文的话题,说明观察孩子的行为可以让我们了解是什么导致孩子说谎。故选C项。
④根据下文可知,父母的行为对孩子的行为有很大影响。E项和下文相衔接,说明不应该让孩子听到我们撒谎,下文介绍了原因—孩子可能会模仿我们的行为。故选E项。
⑤上文说明了教育孩子知道诚实的重要性是很重要的。A项承接上文,说明要教育孩子讲真话的重要性,其中the value of telling the truth与上文中的the value of honesty语义相同,符合语境。故选A项。（10）Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.It's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and __________ (forgive).
2.I felt __________ (guilt) about not visiting my parents more often.
3. __________ (shame) of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.
4.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard __________ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5.I doubt whether they are cheating people __________ making the bargain sale.
6. __________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
7.I believe your efforts will eventually pay off __________ you quit your dreams due to self-doubt and fear.
8. __________ (burden) with the responsibility of taking care of her elderly parents, she had to resign and go back to her hometown.
9.We all need to get involved in saving energy __________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
10.The __________ (resign)came as a complete surprise.
二、阅读理解
People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
To test this idea, researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or steal from a mock(模仿的)crime. Students were instructed to lie if they committed the fake theft.
Next, the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive(欺骗的)interviews from these recordings, ranking interviewees' eye contact and detail level. The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted(转移) their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements randomly chosen from the interviews. Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify liars. The remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in answers on a scale of 1 to 10, with 6 or above counting as truthful. Those using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59% of the time, while those relying solely on detail achieved 66%.
"Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth," says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra investigations or follow-up questions, he says.
11. Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to confirm that _____.
A. behavioural information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B. it's relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of statements
C. truth-tellers and liars shared something in common when performing the task
D. people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4
A. Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive ones.
B. Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth-tellers.
C. It's difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like eye contact.
D. Participants who relied on one cue can distinguish lies from the truth faultlessly.
13. What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research
A. It had no potential market. B. It made no sense.
C. It could be perfectly applied. D. It had some limitations.
14. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B. To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.
C. To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
D. To warn readers of the psychological harm of telling a lie.
三、完形填空
Satya Nadella still remembers his interview question from many years ago, "A baby falls, and is crying, what will you do " "I'll call 911." Then, he was told to 15 some empathy(同理心). Because he needs to pick the baby up and 16 it first before he calls.
Nadella says that although he did get the job, the 17 he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.
One of Nadella's main tasks when he 18 as Microsoft's CEO was to get his key people on the same page. Empathy would prove 19 to make that happen.
To illustrate, imagine that you walk into work one day to find a colleague 20 about a problem. You may think to yourself, "Why are they always complaining " Or, "I've had that problem before. What's the big 21 "
Even if you don't 22 those thoughts, just thinking them will make you likely to get 23 or frustrated when dealing with your colleague. This, of course, only makes the situation worse for them—and completely 24 your relationship.
25 , what if you offered your colleague a(n) 26 ear When you do this, you're learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up 27 tear down. Because they feel 28 , they'll put forth more effort—and will be 29 to try and understand you the next time you need the same treatment.
15.A.measure B.develop C.challenge D.experience
16.A.save B.hug C.pull D.greet
17.A.answer B.practice C.lesson D.skill
18.A.took over B.gave up C.took off D.gave in
19.A.simple B.efficient C.harmful D.essential
20.A.arguing B.talking C.thinking D.complaining
21.A.deal B.case C.news D.plan
22.A.collect B.read C.clear D.voice
23.A.annoyed B.ashamed C.surprised D.scared
24.A.improves B.destroys C.handles D.builds
25.A.In short B.In general C.In contrast D.In consequence
26.A.ringing B.listening C.burning D.aching
27.A.other than B.more than C.better than D.rather than
28.A.recognized B.appreciated C.understood D.influenced
29.A.inspired B.reminded C.ordered D.persuaded
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：forgiveness
解析：句意为:通过这种经历为积极成长和宽恕留出空间是一种健康的方式。设空处与growth并列,共同作for的宾语,应用名词;forgive的名词形式为forgiveness,为不可数名词。故填forgiveness。
2.答案：guilty
解析：考查形容词。句意:我因没有经常去看望父母而感到 内疚。感官动词后接形容词作表语，根据感官动词felt可知， 空处用形容词guilty。
3.答案：Ashamed
解析：句意为:对自己如此鲁莽的行为感到羞愧,迪米特里为指责了阿莱科而向他道歉。be ashamed of...意为“对……感到羞愧”,此处在句中作状语,应省略be动词。故填Ashamed。
4.答案：that
解析：句意为:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大,以至于我们不禁在想还要多久才能到达那里。so...that 意为“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句。故填that。
5.答案：into
解析：句意为:我怀疑他们是不是在欺骗人们进行廉价销售。cheat sb into doing sth为固定搭配,意为“欺骗某人做某事”。故填into。
6.答案：Once
解析：考查条件状语从句。句意为：一旦环境被破坏，恢复生态系统要花费很多年。once意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。故填Once。注意首字母大写。
7.答案：unless
解析：句意为:我相信你的努力最终会有回报的,除非你因为自我怀疑和恐惧而放弃梦想。设空处引导状语从句,根据句意可知,此处表示“除非”,应用unless引导条件状语从句。故填 unless。
8.答案：Burdened
解析：句意为:背负着照顾年迈父母的责任,她不得不辞职回老家。设空处应用非谓语形式,(be)burdened with sth为固定搭配,意为“被某事所困扰;承受某事的负担”,此处在句中作状语,位于句首,单词首字母应大写,故填Burdened。
9.答案：whether
解析：句意为:无论是在工作中,在家里,还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句,根据句意及后面的or可知,此处表示“无论是……还是……”,故填whether。
10.答案： resignation
解析：考查名词。句意：他的辞职完全出乎人们的意料。分析句式结构再根据空格前的the可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式resignation作主语。故答案为resignation。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。故选B项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.及第四段内容可知,研究结果显示,说真话的人和说谎者回避目光的程度相似,但真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,维苏耶雷指出在现实世界中,你可能需要通过额外的调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性,即他认为他的研究应用于现实生活中会有一些局限性。故选D项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和最后一段中的“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says Verschuere.可知,本文主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难,阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究,以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。由此可推知,文章的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科学发现。故选C项。
三、完形填空
答案：15-19 BBCAD;20-24DADAB;25-29 CBDCA
解析：15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,他被告诉要有同理心。A.measure测量;B.develop培养;C.challenge挑战;D.experience体验。根据下文“Because he needs to pick the baby up”可知,他被告诉要养成同理心,把孩子抱起来。故选B。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他需要在打电话之前首先把他抱起来并抱紧它。A.save救助;B.hug紧抱;C.pull拉;D.greet欢迎。根据上文“A baby falls, and is crying, what will you do ”和“he needs to pick the baby up”可知,他被告诉先把哭泣的孩子抱起来,抱紧它。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:纳德拉说,尽管他确实得到了这份工作,但他从这个面试问题中学到的教训是做好生意的核心。A.answer答案;B.practice练习;C.lesson教训;D.skill技能。根据下文“he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.”可推断,纳德拉认为从这个面试问题学到的教训是做好生意的核心。故选C。
18.考查动词短语辨析。句意:当纳德拉接任微软首席执行官时,他的主要任务之一就是让他的重要人物在意见上一致。 A.took over接管;B.gave up放弃;C.took off起飞;D.gave in屈服。根据下文“as Microsoft's CEO”可知,此处说的是他接任了微软首席执行官的职位。故选A。
19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:要实现这些,同理心被证明是极其重要的。A.simple简单;B.efficient效率高的; C.harmful有害的;D.essential极其重要的。根据上文“the 17 he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business”可知,纳德拉认为从面试中学到的教训是做好生意的核心,结合第一段的“he was told to 15 some empathy(同理心).”可推断,同理心在做生意是至关重要的,因此同理心被证明在让重要人物意见一致上也是极其重要的。故选D。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意:举例说明一下,想象一下有一天你去上班发现同事在抱怨一个问题。A.arguing争论;B.talking谈话;C.thinking认为;D.complaining抱怨。根据下文 “You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining ” Or, “I've had that problem before.”可知,同事在抱怨问题。故选D。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:什么大不了的 A.deal交易;事情;B.case情况;C.news新闻;D.plan计划。根据上文的两个问题““Why are they always complaining ” Or, “I've had that problem before””可推断,你认为问题没有什么大不了的。What's the big deal 表示:什么大不了的 固定用法。故选A。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:即使你不表达那些想法,只是想想他们就会让你在与同事打交道时烦恼或者沮丧。A.collect收集;B.read读;C.clear清除;D.voice表达。根据下文“just thinking them”可知,此处说的是你不表达那些想法,只是想想。故选D。
23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.annoyed烦恼的;B.ashamed羞耻的;C.surprised惊奇的;D.scared恐惧的。根据下文的“or frustrated”可知,此处选择与frustrated意思相近的词,表示那些想法很可能让你烦恼或者沮丧。故选A。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当然,对于他们这只会让情况更糟——完全毁掉了你们的关系。A.improves提高;B.destroys毁坏;C.handles处理;D.builds建立。根据上文“This, of course, only makes the situation worse for them”可知,同事的牢骚让你想想都烦恼和沮丧,情况成为更糟糕的,结果完全毁掉了你们的关系。故选B。
25.考查固定短语辨析。句意:相比之下,如果你给你的同事一个倾听的耳朵。A.In short简而言之;B.In general一般来说;C.In contrast相比之下;D.In consequence结果。上文“You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining ” Or, “I've had that problem before”.”与下文“you offered your colleague a(n) 26 ear”是相对的,此处用来作比较。故选C。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.ringing铃响;B.listening倾听;C.burning燃烧;D.aching疼痛。根据下文“When you do this, you're learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up 27 tear down.”可知,如果你倾听同事的抱怨,你会学着通过别人的眼睛看世界,同事会把你看作是鼓励他人的人。故选B。
27.考查固定短语辨析。句意:你的同事会把你看作是一个快速鼓励他人和让他们重拾信心的人而不是摧毁他人的人。A.other than除了;B.more than多于;C.better than比……更好;D.rather than而不是。上文的“encourage and build up”与下文“tear down”是转折关系。故选D。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他们感到被理解,他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时,被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.recognized认出;识别;B.appreciated感激;C.understood理解;D.influenced影响。根据下文“understand you the next time you need the same treatment.”可知,同事感到被理解,会付出更多的努力。故选C。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他们感到受到影响,他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时,他们会被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.inspired鼓舞;B.reminded提醒;C.ordered订购;命令;D.persuaded说服。根据上文“Because they feel 28 ”可推断,你鼓励了同事,同事感到被理解,更加努力,下次你需要同样的对待时,他们会被鼓舞着去理解你。故选A。（16）Unit 4 Never too old to learn—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky __________ did the job.
2.Ten-year-old Jack loved to visit his grandfather, __________ house was near the beautiful blue sea.
3.It is so cold that you can't go outside __________ you're fully covered in thick clothes.
4.She asked me __________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
5.Put on more clothes before going out, __________ you'll be frozen in such cold weather.
6.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
7.You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth date and __________ (occupy).
8.They kept their collection at home until it got too big __________ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
9.It was in this park __________ you saw my parents that I found my lost book.
10.There is disagreement among economists about __________ money is and __________ money is measured.
二、阅读理解
A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom just outside of New York City, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. A teacher read out numbers—74,470, 70,809 and 98,402—and Stevenson added the min to her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the questions correctly.
The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus(算盘). Stevenson used a practice called the "mental abacus", imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work out the problems.
From watching Stevenson, I knew that acquiring a skill at the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads(珠子), so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My normal solution was escape, and if I had to calculate something, I would go online.
Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I didn't become Euclid, founder of geometry(几何学), but the practice reduced my fear. Confidence grows easily on the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and results appear to go hand in hand.
My kids gained much as well. My youngest daughter could work out those math problems that once confused her, while my older child took her abacus to school to show it to her classmates and teachers. These were just small successes for them, but that was how they finally developed confidence.
11.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To prove the difficulty of math.
B. To introduce the topic of the abacus.
C. To show the cleverness of Stevenson.
D. To stress the importance of abacus learning.
12.What do we know about the author from Paragraph 3
A. He was weak in math. B. He was good at computers.
C. He regarded math as useful. D. He had a close relationship with kids.
13.What did the author realize from his learning experience
A. All roads lead to Rome. B. It's never too late to learn.
C. Faith can move mountains. D. Practice makes perfect.
14.What is the best title for the text
A. The Secret to My Success B. A Rough Ride—Learning Math
C. The Power of Learning the Abacus D. The Abacus—an Ancient Technology
三、完形填空
The teacher who changed my life was Marjorie Hurd. She actually set the 15 of my life in the new land I entered as a young war refugee(难民).
Shortly after I met Marjorie Hurd, I was 16 . She introduced me to the
17 wealth of Greece—giving me a new 18 on my war-ravaged(受战争蹂躏的) homeland. I began to be proud of my 19 .
One day, after 20 how writers should write about what they know, she 21 us to compose an essay from our own experience. Then looking at me, she 22 , "Nick, I want you to write about what happened to your family back in Greece." I had been trying to put those 23 memories behind me and left the assignment until the last moment. Then I 24 the essay, hoping never to see it again, but Miss Hurd 25 the essay to a contest sponsored by the Worcester Journal and it won a medal.
For the first time I began to understand the 26 of the written word. I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on. After graduation, I became a(n) 27 of the Worcester Journal. When the journal 28 a picture of me standing next to President Kennedy, my father cut out the photograph and 29 it in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show it to everyone he met.
15.A.sign B.course C.form D.cycle
16.A.hesitant B.awkward C.shocked D.impressed
17.A.literary B.family C.personal D.military
18.A.feedback B.perspective C.emphasis D.influence
19.A.lives B.schools C.origins D.troops
20.A.discussing B.inquiring C.recalling D.anticipating
21.A.assigned B.challenged C.persuaded D.promised
22.A.complained B.sighed C.shouted D.added
23.A.pleasant B.unclear C.painful D.temporary
24.A.subscribed to B.gave up C.picked out D.handed in
25.A.compared B.submitted C.donated D.attached
26.A.magic B.glory C.fault D.principle
27.A.waiter B.reader C.editor D.monitor
28.A.renewed B.polished C.displayed D.interpreted
29.A.found B.carried C.noticed D.forgot
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：but/yet
解析：句意为:我们从南门的租赁点租了自行车。我的自行车不仅旧还摇摇晃晃,但是还能骑。分析句子结构可知,本句存在两个谓语动词was和did,因此应填入一个连词连接,设空处前后为转折关系,故填but/yet。
2.答案：whose
解析：句意为:十岁的杰克喜欢去看望爷爷, 爷爷的房子靠近美丽的蓝色大海。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词为 his grandfather, 关系词和 house 之间为所属关系, 故填 whose。
3.答案：unless
解析：句意为: 天气太冷了,你不能出去,除非你裹上厚厚的衣服。分析句子结构可知, so... that 引导结果状语从句, 设空处引导条件状语从句, 表示“除非”, 故填 unless。
4.答案： whether/if
解析：句意为:她问我有没有把书还回图书馆,我承认还没有。and连接并列句,设空处引导宾语从句,且表达“是否”的含义,故填whether/if。
5.答案：or/otherwise
解析：句意为: 出去前多穿点衣服, 否则这么冷的天你会冻僵的。此处为 “祈使句 + or/otherwise+陈述句”结构。
6.答案：which/that
解析：句意: 由Sir Hans Sloane收集的80000件物品组成了大英博物馆的核心藏品, 大英博物馆于1759年开馆。关系代词which/that引导定语从句, 指代先行词the British Museum, 在从句中作主语, 故填which/that。
7.答案：occupation
解析：考查名词。设空处和and前的birth date为并列成分,由此可知此处应用名词。故填occupation。注意:你会被要求填写一张有关你的出生日期和职业详情的表格。
8.答案：or
解析：考查连词。句意：他们把藏品要么放在家里直到大到放不下，要么就这么一直放着直到主人死了，最后一切都捐给了博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or,或者。故填or。
9.答案：where
解析：句意为:正是在这个你看见我父母的公园里,我找到了我丢失的书。分析句子结构可知, 本句为包含定语从句的强调句, you saw my parents 为定语从句,修饰先行词 this park,关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故填 where。
10.答案：what; how
解析：句意:经济学家对货币是什么以及如何衡量货币 存在分歧。本句是一个主从复合句，第一个空引导宾语从句， 且从句中缺少表语，意为“什么”，用连接词what；第二个空引 导宾语从句，且在从句中作状语，表示“方式”，用连接 词 how。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the questions correctly”以及第二段中的“The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus(算盘)”可推知,第一段的主要目的是引出算盘这个话题。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My normal solution was escape, and if I had to calculate something, I would go online”可知,作者的数学不好。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段内容可知,大量的练习产生了效果,帮助作者克服了对数学的恐惧。由此可推知作者从他的学习经历中认识到“熟能生巧”的道理。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知,作者通过和孩子们一起学习珠心算从而得出了“熟能生巧”的道理。C项“学习算盘的影响力”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
三、完形填空
15.答案：B
解析：根据后文“of my life in the new land I entered as a young war refugee”以及老师对作者的影响可知,老师设定了作者在新土地上的人生方向。sign标志;course 进程,行动方向;form形式;cycle循环。故选B。
16.答案：D
解析：根据后文“I began to be proud of my”可知老师改变了作者对自己出身的看法,所以作者对她印象深刻。hesitant犹豫的;awkward 尴尬的;shocked吃惊的;impressed印象深刻的。故选D。
17.答案：A
解析：此处表示“她让我初次了解了希腊丰富的文学,让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的视角”,对应后文中的“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”。literary 文学的;family家庭的;personal个人的;military军事的。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：根据后文“on my war-ravaged homeland. I began to be proud of my 19 ”可知希腊的文学让作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的视角。feedback 反馈;perspective观点,视角;emphasis强调;influence影响。故选B。
19.答案：C
解析：结合上文可知,作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的视角,开始对自己的出身(origins)感到骄傲。
20.答案：A
解析：根据后文“how writers should write about what they know”可知先讨论作家应该如何把自己知道的东西写出来的方法,老师再让学生自己创作。discuss讨论;inquire询问;recall回忆;anticipate预期。故选A。
21.答案：A
解析：此处呼应后文中的“left the assignment”,表示“她在讨论了作家应该如何把自己知道的东西写出来之后,让我们根据自己的亲身经历写一篇文章”。Assign sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事。
22.答案：D
解析：句意:然后她看着我,补充说,“尼克,我想让你写一下你的家人在希腊发生的事情。”complain埋怨;sigh叹息;shout叫喊;add补充说。故选D。
23.答案：C
解析：根据第一段中的“as a young war refugee”可知,在希腊发生的事情对作者来说是痛苦的记忆,所以他一直试图把那些痛苦的记忆抛诸脑后,一直把作业留到最后一刻才完成。pleasant令人愉快的;unclear不清楚的;painful痛苦的;temporary暂时的。故选C。
24.答案：D
解析：上文提到老师给学生们布置了一篇文章,且根据后文“the essay, hoping never to see it again”可知作者上交了文章。subscribe to订阅;give up放弃;pick out选出;hand in上交。故选D。
25.答案：B
解析：根据后文“the essay to a contest sponsored by the Worcester Journal and it won a medal”可知,老师把这篇文章提交给了Worcester Journal主办的一个竞赛。compare比较;submit提交;donate捐赠;attach附上。故选B。
26.答案：A
解析：根据后文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”可知,作者从这件事中明白了文字的魔力。magic魅力;glory荣誉;fault错误;principle原则。故选A。
27.答案：C
解析：根据后文“of the Worcester Journal”可知作者成为Worcester Journal的一名编辑。waiter服务员;reader读者;editor编辑;monitor班长。故选C。
28.答案：C
解析：根据后文“a picture of me standing next to President Kennedy”可知,此处指报纸刊登作者和肯尼迪总统站在一起的照片。renew重新开始;polish擦亮;display展示;interpret解释。故选C。
29.答案：B
解析：根据后文“it in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show it to everyone he met”可知父亲把照片放在胸前的口袋里,一直带着,给他遇到的每一个人看。find找到;carry携带;notice注意到;forget忘记。故选B。（7）Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.It is no wonder that the whole building is now in __________ (ruin); it caught fire last night.
2.They feel that you'd better announce a temporary __________ (suspend), anyhow.
3.He was right in his __________ (assess) and wrong in his prediction.
4.My heavy workload does not permit my __________ (go) with you to go on vacation.
5.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea __________ our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
6.Those who seek to grab power through __________ (violent) deserve punishment.
7.China's ancient __________ (civilize) has continued into modern times, despite many ups and downs in its history.
8.The boss was disappointed to see his company __________ (assess) as unqualified, which led to the company closing down.
9.The more I know about Chinese traditional culture, the __________ (attractive) it is to me.
10.The comfortable and stable work environment can wear __________ your will.
二、阅读理解
Now, China has 56 sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Let's take a look at some of them.
Ancient City of Ping Yao
Built more than 2,700 years ago, the Ancient City of Ping Yao is the best preserved ancient Han Chinese city. It gives insight into the ancient prosperous business pioneers, who established the first banks in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The city was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 3, 1997.
Classical Gardens of Suzhou
Suzhou, a city in East China's Jiangsu Province, is famous for its classical gardens. Built between the Northern Song Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, the classical gardens of Suzhou feature miniature rocks, hills and elegant pavilions set amidst murmuring waters. The classical gardens of Suzhou were added onto the list on December 4, 1997.
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui—Xidi and Hongcun
Located in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun belong to the category of architectural complexes, with a high historical and artistic value. The villages represent the architectural features of the Huizhou-style residential houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30, 2000.
Fujian Tulou
Located in East China's Fujian Province, the 46 multi-storey earthen houses were built on a base of stone for defence purposes. The architectural arts of the Fujian Tulou can be traced back nearly 1,000 years, and their design incorporates the tradition of feng shui. Tulou was added onto the list on July 6, 2008.
For more information about the World Heritage Sites in China, please click the link below.
11.Which of the following was first listed as a World Heritage Site
A. Ancient City of Ping Yao.
B. Classical Gardens of Suzhou.
C. Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui—Xidi and Hongcun.
D. Fujian Tulou.
12.What can we learn from the text
A. Fujian Tulou was built with the intention of defending.
B. Ancient City of Ping Yao was the best preserved Chinese city.
C. Classical Gardens of Suzhou were built for the ancient emperors.
D. Xidi and Hongcun represent the architectural features of northern Anhui.
13.Where can the text most probably be taken from
A. A textbook. B. A website. C. A magazine. D. A travel booklet.
三、七选五
Chinese culture is over 5,000 years old. ①_____
The spirit of the tea ceremony
Xihu Longjing and Yunnan Pu'er have long been world famous. ②_____ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude toward life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from.
A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware is the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insight into the wisdom of this ancient civilisation.
③_____
During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilisation, many different flavours, styles, and cuisine (烹饪) have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on countries, such as Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through such innovations as Chinese vegetarian culture, tea culture, vinegar, pasta, medicated diets, ceramic tableware, and the use of soybeans in the diet.
Confucianism (儒学)
Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 years of China's 5,000-year history. ④_____ This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China's history. Seventy-four Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have slated that for the benefit of mankind's livelihood and development into the next century, these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide. ⑤_____
A. Chinese cuisine
B. Chinese culture
C. It has been the mainstay of this ancient civilisation.
D. They are pretty popular due to their superior colour and flavour.
E. The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact.
F. This would provide long lasting benefits for man, helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life.
G. This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe, America and Oceania.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：ruins
解析：句意为: 难怪整座大楼现在一片狼藉, 昨晚大楼起了大火。in ruins 为固定搭配,意为“毁坏; 严重受损”。故填 ruins。
2.答案：suspension
解析：解析：temporary后接名词或代词,设空前又有冠词a,故应填名词形式。
3.答案：assessment
解析：in后接名词或代词,设空前又有形容词性物主代词his,故应填名词形式。
4.答案：going
解析：句意为: 我繁重的工作任务使我无法跟你去度假。设空处前有形容词性物主代词 my 修饰, 作动词 permit 的宾语,应用动名词形式。此处 “形容词性物主代词+动名词” 为动名词的复合结构。
5.答案：that
解析：句意为:重读的美妙之处在于我们基于当下的心理状态与作品产生联系。设空处在抽象名词 idea 后,引导同位语从句, 对 idea 进行进一步的解释说明; 从句语义完整, 故用 that 引导该从句。
6.答案：violence
解析：句意为: 企图通过暴力夺权的人理应受到惩罚。此处作介词 through 的宾语, 应用名词。故填 violence。
7.答案：civilization
解析：句意为: 中国的古代文明一直延续到近代, 尽管其在发展过程中经历过许多起起落落。设空处作主语, 且前有名词所有格 China's 和形容词 ancient 修饰, 应用名词形式。故填 civilization。
8.答案：assessed
解析：句意为: 老板看到他的公司被评定为不合格,感到非常失望,这一评定导致了公司的倒闭。分析句子结构可知, 此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语, assess 与其逻辑主语 his company 之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词。故填 assessed。
9.答案：more attractive
解析：句意为: 我对中国传统文化了解得越多,它对我而言就越有吸引力。“the+比较级..., the + 比较级……”为固定句型,意为“越……, 越……”。故填 more attractive。
10.答案：down
解析：句意为: 安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨你的意志。 wear down 为固定搭配, 意为 “ (使) 磨损, (使) 逐渐磨平”。故填 down。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。由文章中的 The city was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 3, 1997. The classical gardens of Suzhou were added onto the list on December 4, 1997. Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30, 2000. 以及 Tulou was added onto the list on July 6,2008. 可知, 这四个遗址中, 平遥古城是最早被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》的。故选 A 项。
12.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。由 Fujian Tulou 部分中的 Located in East China's Fujian Province, the 46 multi-storey earthen houses were built on a base of stone for defence purposes. 可知,福建土楼是为了用于防御而建造的。故选 A 项。
13.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段 For more information about the World Heritage Sites in China, please click the link below.中的 click the link below 可知,本篇文章可能来自网站。故选 B 项。
七选五
答案：①-⑤ EDACF
解析：①设空处前说“中国传统文化有5,000多年的历史”,下文具体讲述了三项传统文化, E项“以下三项中国传统文化在世界范围内产生了影响”符合语境, 起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。
②根据前一句沿Xihu Longjing and Yunnan Pu'er have long been world famous. 可知, 下面要具体说明这两种茶因何而出名。 故选D项。
③根据关键信息…… cuisine have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture可知, 本段主要介绍了中国的烹饪。所以A项是本段主题。故选A项。
④根据空前说儒学在五千年中国历史上蓬勃发展了2,500年,和空后的This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China's history. 可知, 此处应是叙述儒学的重要地位, 故C项“它一直是中国古代文明的支柱”符合语境。故选C项。
⑤根据设空处前的内容可知, 七十四位诺贝尔奖获得者和许多其他德高望重的学者都表示, 为了造福人类的生存和发展, 儒家学说应该在世界范围内得到推广和采用。所以, 此处要说明其好处, 对上文作总结。故选F项。（1）Unit 1 Wish you were here—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __________ the weather may be better.
2.Philosophers did not use to make a __________ (distinct) between arts and science.
3.Scientists claimed __________ (make) a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer in the past three months.
4.Canada has been consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live __________.
5.We are likely to be exposed __________ different cultures while travelling.
6.More and more foreigners are becoming interested in Chinese culture, so it comes as no surprise __________ the book is gaining popularity.
7.Those __________ have interest in the activity can sign up at the student union before the deadline.
8.Polluted air does much harm to us, long-time exposure to __________ can affect our health.
9.Guidebooks are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveller, for __________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
10.It was in the park, __________ stands an old temple, that we asked our guide to take a photo for the two of us.
二、阅读理解
On Grytviken island in the South Atlantic Ocean lies the South Georgia Museum, one of the most remote museums in the world.
South Georgia Museum is located in the island's old whaling station. Whaling, or the hunting of whales for their usable natural products, such as meal and oil, ceased there in 1964. The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager's home and office and went unused for over 20 years before it opened to the public as a museum in 1992.
There are no passenger flights to or from Grytviken, so the majority of visitors arrive on a ship. The island itself only sees about 10,000 visitors a year and there are no permanent residents, only a group of 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum workers who brave the island's cold weather conditions. Traveling to the museum requires advance planning. South Georgia Museum staff all travel to the island from abroad for the southern hemisphere(半球) spring, or mid-October, and most come from the United Kingdom, around 8, 000 miles north.
The museum, which offers free admission, "aims to make this history and heritage accessible both to the visiting public and to those unable to visit this remote region through education, exhibitions and outreach," according to its website. It houses a natural history collection, artifacts, exhibitions related to the early history of scaling and whaling as well as Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, and more. The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.
The temperature is ideal for visitors from October through December, but still, daytime highs don't often reach above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who work there, Internet access is patchy and fresh food options are rare. It's not a place for everyone, but for the staff that calls it home for parts of the year; it's a unique from of paradise. "Stepping away from the world has been a treat," said Pierce, one of the staff.
11. What can we learn about the South Georgia Museum
A. It is accessible to visitors by air. B. It opened to the public in 1964.
C. It has 20 maintenance workers. D. It used to be a whaling station.
12. Who are the rooms of the museum named after
A. Managers of the whaling station.
B. Adventurers exploring the Antarctic.
C. Those who made contributions to the island.
D. Individuals who conserved whales from extinction.
13. What does the underlined word "patchy" mean in the last paragraph
A. Poor. B. Easy. C. Free. D. Quick.
14. In which column of a website can we find this text
A. Animals. B. People. C. Travel. D. News.
三、七选五
This Spanish city is almost car-free. Pontevedra, a city located in the north-west of Spain, gives pedestrians priority(优先)on city streets. With a population of over 80,000, the local government has spent decades redesigning the city so that it is walkable. ①_____.
"Everything here is pretty close," Elena Herroro, who moved to the city from Madrid. "I have the health center almost behind my house. The hospital is also close by. I have several supermarkets right under my apartment. ②_____."
The city's pedestrian-friendly(对行人友好的)layout has attracted local businesses and shops. And restaurants are flourishing. 'That's because the streets are perfect for strolling and shopping."
"Every city has its main commercial street, which defines its character," said city official César Mosquera, "③_____, you are transmitting an image: what's modern, what's cool, what's contemporary." He said that restricting cars does just that.
The first area to be closed off to cars was the old town of Pontevedra, which was transformed in 1999. That's because in the 1990s, the city was choked by traffic. ④_____.
"This city was basically a giant warehouse for ears, full of private vehicles that. filled our public space, generated noise and emissions, and stopped our citizens—especially children and the elderly—from having true autonomy in the place where they lived," said Pontcvedra's mayor Miguel Auxo Fernández Lores. ⑤_____.
A. So nothing essential is far away
B. If you make it pedestrian-friendly
C. If you want to experience the city's beauty
D. Over 80,000 people drive through the city center every day
E. In 2014, Pontevedra was named one of the best places to live
F. Going car-free will improve the quality of life and health for city officials
G. In fact, he ran for office on a platform making the city car-free more than 20 years ago
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：when
解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词next week，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
2.答案：distinction
解析：考查词形转换。分析句子结构,尤其是根据空前的a可知,空处应填名词。distinction“差别;区别”。
3.答案：to have made
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们宣称在过去的三个月里他们在攻克癌症方面已有重大的突破。联系句意可知,claim在此表示“声称,宣称”,后接动词不定式或that从句。根据句中的“in the past three months”可知,此处应用不定式的完成式。故填to have made。
4.答案：in
解析：考查介词。不定式修饰名词并与名词有动宾关系时,如果不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。live在此处为不及物动词,空处与live搭配,后接大地点,应用in。
5.答案：to
解析：考查固定用法。expose sb. to sth.表示“使某人接触/体验某事”。此处为其被动形式。
6.答案：that
解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,句中it是形式主语,空处应用that引导主语从句。it comes as no surprise that...可看作一个固定句型,意为“……不足为奇”。
7.答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。代词Those充当定语从句的先行词,指人,且关系代词在从句中作主语,多用who引导定语从句。
8.答案：which
解析：句意为:受污染的空气对我们危害很大,长时间接触会影响我们的健康。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Polluted air,关系词作空前介词to的宾语,应用关系代词which引导该从句。
9.答案：whom
解析：句意为:旅游指南是为了方便旅行者而准备的,通常会为他们推荐城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知,for _____ 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词traveller;介词for表示“给”,先行词为人,故for后应用whom。
10.答案：where
解析：句意为:就是在那个有一座古庙的公园里,我们请导游为我们俩拍了一张照片。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句是完全倒装句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“South Georgia Museum is located in the island's old whaling station.”和“The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager's home and office.….”可知,南乔治亚博物馆曾经是一座捕鲸站。故选D项。
12.答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.”可知,南乔治亚博物馆的房间是以对该岛的发展或保护做出贡献的个人命名的。故选C项。
13.答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的who brave the island's cold weather conditions和画线词后的fresh food options are rare可推断,那里的工作条件很艰苦,所以patchy应该是表示“不好的;糟糕的”,选项A与其意思一致。故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：考查文章出处。根据全文内容可知,这篇文章主要介绍了位于南大西洋的古利德维肯岛上的南乔治亚博物馆,包括它的历史、交通、藏品构成等信息,所以本文应是选自于某家网站的“旅游”栏目。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：EABDG
解析：①根据上文“With a population of over 80,000, the local government has spent decades redesigning the city so that it is walkable.”可知,针对这座拥有8万多人口的城市,当地政府花了几十年时间重新设计。由此可知,E项“2014年,蓬特韦德拉被评为最适合居住的地方之一”能够承接上文,讲述了努力后的成果。故选E。
②根据上文‘Everything here is pretty close.’, Elena Herroro, who moved to the city from Madrid. ‘I have the health center almost behind my house. The hospital is also close by. I have several supermarkets right under my apartment’.可知,这座城市的一切公共场所都相距不远。由此可知,A项“所以没有什么必不可少的东西是遥远的”能够承接上文,符合语境。故选A。
③根据下文“He said that restricting cars does just that.”可知,如果城市的管理者要限制汽车的数量,那就要让城市变得对行人友好。由此可知,B项“如果你让它对行人友好”符合语境。故选B。
④根据上文.“The first area to be closed off to cars was the old town of Pontevedra, which was transformed in 1999. That's because in the 1990s, the city was choked by traffic.”可知,此处在讲述过去交通阻塞的情况。由此可知,D项“每天有8万多人开车穿过市中心”符合语境。故选D。
⑤根据上文“‘This city was basically a giant warehouse for cars, full of private vehicles that filled our public space, generated noise and emissions, and stopped our citizens–especially children and the elderly—from having true autonomy in the place where they lived’, said Pontevedra's mayor Miguel Anxo Fernandez Lores.”可知,此处在介绍蓬特韦德拉市市长的观点和态度。由此可知,G项“事实上,20多年前他就曾以让这座城市无车化为纲领竞选公职”能够承接上文,符合语境。故选G。（6）Unit 3 Back to the past—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.I have no idea __________ has happened recently to my co-worker, so I can't give the sad girl suitable comfort.
2.She is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean __________ (conserve).
3.We would like to see closer __________ (cooperate) between parents and schools.
4.It's worthwhile to consider the suggestion that students __________ (show) respect for teachers and behave well in public.
5.They asked her the question __________ she was late for the meeting.
6.Some people propose a suggestion __________ smoking should be banned in all public places.
7.He wrote many children's books, nearly half of __________ were published in the 1990s.
8.The children were surprised by the sudden __________ (enter) of their teacher.
9.The two passengers occupying seats were reported to have been banned __________ taking trains for 180 days.
10.No matter how hard I try I cannot seem __________ (catch) up on all the bills.
二、阅读理解
My brush was tiny, more like something you'd use for nail polish. That was suitable because I was struggling to paint the toenails of my dragon shadow puppet(皮影戏偶). Mao Zhongbo, our teacher, noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush from becoming overloaded with pigment (颜料). It was an unexpected personal touch from the resident master at a Beijing hotel.
Shichahai Shadow Art Performance Hotel is a step back in time. Surrounded by a forest of skyscrapers, this little inn is in a hutong. Once you open its massive wooden doors, you enter a calm space that directs your gaze to the framed shadow puppet arts that decorate the walls. The mission here is clear: to educate guests about a dying part of Chinese culture before it's too late. I visited here last winter. As a theatre lover, I hoped to get a behind-the-scenes look at a completely different performing art. The inn provides English interpreters who help make the cultural offerings accessible to its foreign guests. These include performances in the private puppet theatre at the hotel and several classes taught by master Mao.
One night, I watched Mao and several other hotel employees perform the classic tale "Turtle and Crane". The animals' flexible movements made me forget that puppeteers controlled them. Afterwards, I tried my hand at controlling the many sticks needed to make each puppet move effortlessly. My awkward attempts to operate several sticks at once showed why it takes years to master something that looks simple.
I asked Mao whether anyone could learn to be a shadow puppet performer. He paused, and then answered, "Like ballet, some have a talent for this and some don't. Making a puppet that seems real comes from the hands, the heart and the brain. It also needs passion."
At the end of my stay, I went to the lobby to get my dragon shadow puppet. I noticed Mao giving a class to a group of local youngsters, confirming me in my belief that he would inspire a new generation of masters.
11.What was the author doing according to Paragraph 1
A. Polishing her toenails.
B. Taking a shadow puppet class.
C. Learning Chinese painting skills.
D. Choosing pigment for her shadow puppet.
12.What is the inn aiming to do
A. Find foreign lovers of shadow puppetry.
B. Attract buyers for shadow puppets on its walls.
C. Make shadow puppetry easy to understand.
D. Save the dying art of shadow puppetry.
13.Which of the following describes puppeteers' work
A. It is all about talent. B. It is effortless but boring.
C. It looks easier than it is. D. It involves dealing with animals.
14.What is the author's attitude towards the future of shadow puppetry
A. Negative. B. Hopeful. C. Doubtful. D. Uncaring.
三、七选五
Natural sites and historic buildings, when left alone, can slowly be in bad condition. ①_________ For these reasons we must protect them.
"World Heritage" is the title given to places chosen from natural sites and buildings around the world. These places are considered special, valuable and require protection. They may be places of nature or cultural heritages that are the pride of the people in the country. ②_________ Each is a treasure of our planet that must be protected for us and our future generations.
Even extremely beautiful natural environments can be in bad condition if they are left alone. ③_________ For instance, the Galapagos Islands are now protected by rules that stop people from bringing or removing plants and animals to or from the islands, moving rocks and touching the animals. In the US, people are not allowed to visit Grand Canyon National Park by vehicle. It aims to protect the park's environment from the gas produced by cars. ④_________ Australia is making stricter laws to prevent agricultural chemicals from flowing into the ocean near the Great Barrier Reef. Efforts are also being made to protect Natural Heritage sites in Japan. In Shiretoko, only a small number of people are allowed to walk on its nature path at the same time. ⑤_________
A. They may also be home to endangered species (物种).
B. Today there are 218 Natural Heritage sites around the world.
C. People can change these places too, just as the wind and rain can.
D. Natural Heritage is valued for geographical characteristics and beautiful scenery.
E. That's why measures are being taken around the world to protect them.
F. It can reduce the risk of people accidentally stepping on valuable plants.
G. There are even security guards there who can arrest people that break the rules.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：what
解析：句意为: 我不知道我的同事最近发生了什么事, 所以我无法给这个伤心的女孩适当的安慰。 has happened recently to my co-worker 为同位语从句,用来解释说明名词 idea,从句缺少主语,表示“什么”, 应用 what 来引导。故填 what。
2.答案：conservation
解析：句意为:她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。固定短语 be devoted to sth 意为“投身于某事;致力于某事”, 故设空处要填 conserve 的名词形式, conservation 为不可数名词。故填 conservation。
3.答案：cooperation
解析：考查词性转换。句意:我们想要看到家长和学 校间更密切的合作。此处作宾语，应用名词形式。
4.答案：show
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:学生尊重老师并在公共场所举止得体的建议值得考虑。分析句子结构可知,名词suggestion后是同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的内容,suggestion意为“建议”,所以从句需用虚拟语气,即谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。故填show。
5.答案：why
解析：句意:他们问她为什么开会迟到。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明前面question的内容,表示“为什么”,故用why。
6.答案：that
解析：分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,且在从句中不充当成分,故用that。
7.答案：which
解析：逗号后面的句子为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为children's books, 指物, 关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语, 故填which。
8.答案：entry
解析：考查词性转换。句意：孩子们对老师突然进来感到惊讶。空处在形容词sudden后，需填名词entry，意为“进入”。
9.答案：from
解析：句意为:据报道,占座的两名乘客被禁乘火车180天. ban sb from doing sth 意为 “禁止某人做某事”, 为固定搭配.故填from.
10.答案：to catch
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我怎么努力,我好像就是无法付清所有的账单。seem to do sth.为固定用法。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Mao Zhongbo, our teacher, noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush from becoming overloaded with pigment.可知,作者的老师向她演示了如何使刷子不蘸取过多的颜料。由此可推断出,作者正在上一节皮影戏课,故选B项。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The mission here is clear: to educate guests about a dying part of Chinese culture before it's too late.可知,这家小旅馆的任务很明确,在一切为时已晚之前,让客人了解中国文化中即将消失的一部分,这里提到的a dying part of Chinese culture指代的是上文提到的shadow puppet arts。由此可知,这家小旅馆的目的是拯救即将消失的皮影戏艺术,故选D项。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的showed why it takes years to master something that looks simple 和倒数第二段中的关键句“Like ballet... Making a puppet that seems real comes from the hands, the heart and the brain. It also needs passion.”可推断出,木偶戏演员的工作是很难的。It looks easier than it is.意为“看起来比做起来容易”,符合对木偶戏演员工作的描述,故选C项。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的I noticed Mao giving a class to a group of local youngsters, confirming me in my belief that he would inspire a new generation of masters.可知,当作者看到毛老师给当地的一群年轻人上课时,作者更加确信毛老师会培养出新一代的皮影戏大师。由此可推断出,作者对皮影戏艺术的未来是充满希望的,故选B项。
七选五
答案：CAEGF
解析：本文呼吁人们一定要保护自然遗产和历史建筑,如果没人理会它们,它们的状况会慢慢变得很糟糕。
①根据上文“自然遗址和历史建筑,当没人管的时候,可能会慢慢地处于糟糕的状态”以及下文“出于这些原因,我们必须保护它们”可知,C项“人们也可以改变这些地方,就像风雨一样”符合语境。
②上句讲“它们可能是自然或文化遗产,是这个国家人民的骄傲”。A项中的“may also be”和土文中的“may be”相呼应。故选A项。
③上句讲“即使是非常美丽的自然环境,如果它们不被理会,也会处于糟糕的状态”,E项(那就是为什么全世界都在采取措施保护它们)符合语境。故选E项。
④上句讲“它的目标是保护公园的环境不受汽车产生的气体的影响”,G项“There are even security guards there who can arrest people that break the rules.”(那里甚至还有保安人员,他们可以逮捕违反规则的人)是对上文内容的进一步说明。even甚至,表达了上下句之间的递进关系。故选G项。
⑤上句讲“在知床半岛,只有一小部分人可以被允许同时走在它的自然小径上”,F项(这样就可以减少人们不小心踩到珍贵植物的风险)符合语境。前后是一种因果关系,人越少自然就越不容易踩到植物。故选F项。（3）Unit 2 Out of this world—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1. __________ (occupy) with routine office tasks, she had no time to tend to her children.
2.Using a telescope, he discovered stars that were __________ (visible) to the naked eye.
3.He stayed up late last night. That's __________ he cannot concentrate his attention on studying today.
4.The roof of the ancient temple caved in because of bad __________ (maintain).
5.I have given up my flat in Paris because I'm going to live __________ (permanent) in London.
6. __________ she became an artist ten years ago may have been due to her father's influence.
7. __________ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mom can ensure him warm meals.
8.The population of China is larger than __________ of America.
9.Strange __________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
10.Laika was a dog that became one of the first animals in space, and the first animal __________ (orbit) the Earth.
二、阅读理解
China is determined to land its astronauts on the moon and set up a scientific station there, according to a project leader.
Zhou Yanfei, deputy chief designer of China's manned space program, said on Friday that China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation's space capabilities.
"A new wave of lunar exploration has been emerging in the world, with participants aiming to make sustainable missions to deepen the knowledge of the moon and exploit resources there," he said in a report delivered at the 2020 China Space Conference in Fuzhou, Fujian province. "Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals."
The country is independently able to land its astronauts on the moon because it has the technologies, a group of well-trained, innovative professionals and high-efficiency research and management systems, Zhou said. "However, our existing carrier rockets can't perform landing missions to the moon because they are not powerful enough. The Shenzhou-series manned spaceships are not suitable for lunar expeditions. We don't have a lunar landing capsule," he said. "Our ground support system is designed for operations in the low Earth orbit rather than on the lunar surface."
To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle. Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches—making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts, which is under development. Researchers prefer the latter approach because it will be easier to design and make and will become operational earlier.
The new rocket is being designed at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. Its main body will be 87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters, which will make it almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the biggest one of China's rockets.
11.Which is NOT the goal of the manned lunar mission
A.To explore lunar resources. B.To perform scientific experiments.
C.To set up a scientific station. D.To strengthen the national space power.
12.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.China is not capable of pursuing the manned lunar program.
B.There are still difficulties in pursuing the manned lunar program.
C.There is a series of steps in the manned lunar program.
D.It is impossible to carry out the manned lunar program.
13.What can we infer from the passage
A.Nations must depend on themselves to explore the moon.
B.The Long March 5 is China's biggest rocket.
C.The newly-designed rocket will not carry astronauts.
D.Producing a powerful launch vehicle is the most difficult part in the program.
14.What do the figures in the last paragraph imply
A.The new rocket is big enough to perform landing missions.
B.The new rocket is being made to launch the spaceship to the moon.
C.China's scientific power has improved.
D.The new rocket will be put into use soon.
三、完形填空
I'm not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center
15 the original samples that the Apollo astronauts 16 to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a 17 voice: No touching the moon rocks.
Before 18 this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then 19 gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind
20 from ceiling to floor to 21 us of any fine dust.
Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 22 , pressurized containers.
Only five sample processors in the world get to 23 handle these precious stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 24 about touching samples. All the 25 is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon.
"One big 26 belief is that the Apollo samples aren't being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon," says Charis. "Neither of those is true."
Keeping priceless samples away from curious 27 allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar 28 of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the 29 — and the entire solar system— formed and developed.
15. A. accumulates B. stores C. tests D. analyzes
16. A. brought B. sent C. donated D. introduced
17. A. thoughtful B. sensitive C. eager D. firm
18. A. leaving B. inspecting C. entering D. observing
19. A. reach for B. deal with C. put on D. inquire about
20. A. blowing B. shooting C. sweeping D. rising
21. A. warn B. assure C. remind D. clear
22. A. useful B. secure C. empty D. new
23. A. routinely B. directly C. normally D. repeatedly
24.A. schedules B. laws C. rules D. orders
25. A. effort B. sacrifice C. arrangement D. reform
26. A. uncommon B. contradictory C. impractical D. mistaken
27. A. minds B. looks C. fingers D. questions
28. A. attempts B. fortune C. reservation D. discoveries
29. A. sun B. moon C. earth D. universe
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：Occupied
解析：句意为:她忙于日常工作事务,没有时间照顾孩子。be occupied with...意为“忙于……”。此处作状语。故填Occupied。
2.答案：invisible
解析：考查词形转换。句意:通过使用望远镜,他发现了肉眼看不见的星星。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用形容词且意为“看不见的”,故填invisible。
3.答案：why
解析：句意为:他昨晚熬夜了。那就是他今天不能集中注意力学习的原因。根据语境可知,此处强调结果,故填why。
4.答案：maintenance
解析：句意为:因为没得到好的保护,这座古庙的屋顶塌陷了。设空处作because of的宾语,应用名词,意为“维护;保养”,为不可数名词。故填maintenance。
5.答案：permanently
解析：考查副词。句意:我已经把巴黎的公寓让出去了,因为我打算在伦敦永久居住。live是动词,应用副词修饰。故填permanently。
6.答案：That
解析：句意为:她十年前成为一名艺术家可能是由于她父亲的影响。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,从句结构、意义完整,应用that引导该从句,that在句中无意义,只起连接作用,故填That。
7.答案：When
解析：句意为:杰克放学后什么时间回到家都是计算好的,以便于他的妈妈确保他能吃到热乎的饭菜,设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少时间状语,且位于句首,故用When引导该从句。
8.答案：that
解析：句意为:中国的人口多于美国的人口。设空处指代前面提到的population,为单数特指,故填that。
9.答案：as/though
解析：考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的主意可能听起来奇，但会上的所有人都接受了。
as 构成的倒装结构为“n./adj./adv./w. +as+主语＋谓语”，though 也可以这样用。
10.答案：to orbit
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:Laika是一只狗,它是第一批进入太空的动物之一,也是第一个绕地球轨道飞行的动物。名词被序数词修饰时,其后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to orbit。
二、阅读理解
答案：11-14.CBBA
11.细节理解题。由文章第二段中的 China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation's space capabilities(中国希望利用载人登月任务进行科学调查和技术演示,探索开发月球资源的途径,增强国家的航天力量)可知,载人登月任务的目标有探索月球资源,进行科学实验,加强国家航天力量。故排除A、B、D三项。C项(建立一个科学站)在第一段出现,但主语是“ China(中国)”,并非载人登月任务的目标。故选C项。
12.主旨大意题。由第四段内容可知,我们现有的运载火箭不能执行登月任务,因为它们不够强大。神舟系列载人飞船不适合月球探索,我们没有月球着陆舱。我们的地面支持系统是为近地轨道而不是月球表面的行动而设计的。由此可知,实施载人登月任务仍然困难重重。故选B项。
13.推理判断题。第五段中提到 To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle.(为了解决这个问题,我们开始制造一个强大的运载火箭。),但这并不能体现出制造一个强大的运载火箭是最艰难的任务。故排除D项。A项(国家必须依靠自己去探索月球)与文中 Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals.表述不符;C项(新设计的火箭不会运载宇航员)和载人登月计划不一致。故排除A、C。
14.推理判断题。由上文可知,要解决载人登月问题就要制造一个强大的运载火箭。最后一段中的87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters... almost twice as tall as the Long March 5(高87米,直径5米……高度几乎是长征5号的两倍)说明新型火箭足够大,可以执行着陆任务。故选A项。B新型火箭正在被制作以将宇宙飞船发射到月球;C.中国的科技实力有所提高;D.新型火箭很快就要投入使用了。选项B、C、D均和这些数据无关。
三、完形填空
15.答案：B
解析：考查动词。accumulate“积累;积聚”;store“贮藏;保存;贮放”;test“测验”;analyze“分析”。根据语境及常识可知,航天中心的实验室里应是“存放”着月球岩石原始样本。且下文中的“Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 22 , pressurized containers.”也对本题进行了提示。故选B。
16.答案：A
解析：考查动词。bring“带来”;send“邮寄;发送”;donate“赠送,捐赠”;introduce“介绍;引进”。由常识可知,是“阿波罗号”的航天员们将月球岩石原始样本带回地球的。故选A。
17.答案：D
解析：考查形容词。thoughtful“体贴的;沉思的”;sensitive“敏感的”;eager“热切的;渴望的”;firm“坚决的”。结合上下文可知,月球岩石样本非常珍贵,并受到严格的保护。所以此处表达的是,作者的导游用坚决的语气说:禁止触摸这些月球岩石。故选D。
18.答案：C
解析：考查动词。通读全文可知,文章用了倒叙式的写作手法。由下文可知,这一段讲述的是作者和自己的导游进入这间实验室前的准备工作。故选C。
19.答案：C
解析：考查动词短语。reach for“伸手去拿”;deal with“处理,解决”;put on“戴上”;inquire about“询问”。由上文中的“My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits.”可知,此处是接着写进入这间实验室前要做的其他准备工作。put on gloves表示“戴上手套”,符合此处的语境。故选C。
20.答案：A
解析：考查动词。由空前的“under a steady light wind”和空后的“from ceiling to floor”可知,此处表达的是,“我们在空气浴尘室里站了整整一分钟,站在从天花板吹向地板的稳定的微风之下”。故选A。
21.答案：D
解析：考查动词。由上下文语境和常识可知,此处是指,从天花板吹向地板的稳定的微风清除“我们”身上所有细小的灰尘。clear 在此处作动词,“clear…of...”意为“从……清除……”。
22.答案：B
解析：考查形容词。由上文及常识可知,从月球带回来的岩石样本很珍贵,不能被随意触碰。所以此处是指,这些岩石被存放在安全且加压的容器中。secure“安全的”,符合此处的语境。故选B。
23.答案：A
解析：考查副词。routinely“例行公事地,常规地”;directly“直接地”;normally“通常;平常地”;repeatedly“重复地”。此处表达的是,世界上只有五位样本加工者可以例行处理这些宝贵的岩石样本。故选A。
24.答案：C
解析：考查名词。根据上下文及常识可知,在实验室里应遵守非常严格的规定。follow pretty strict rules表示“遵守非常严格的规定”。故选C。
25.答案：A
解析：考查名词。effort“努力”;sacrifice“牺牲”;arrangement“安排;筹备”;reform“改革”。由语境可知,在进入这间实验室前烦琐的准备工作和工作人员对这些月球岩石样本采取的措施都是为了对其进行保护。所以此处表达的是,所有付出的努力都是为了保护这些岩石样本。故选A。
26.答案：D
解析：考查形容词。uncommon“不常有的”;contradictory“相互矛盾的”;impractical“不现实的”;mistaken“错误的”。由下文中的“Neither of those is true.”可知,那些观点是错误的。故选D。
27.答案：C
解析：考查名词。由第一段中的“I'm not allowed to touch the moon rocks.”和“No touching the moon rocks.”可知,触摸这些月球岩石样本是不被允许的。所以此处是指,不让人用手触摸这些珍贵的岩石样本。故选C。
28.答案：D
解析：考查名词。attempt“企图;试图”;fortune“巨款;机会”;reservation“预约”;discovery“发现”。此处表示“过去50年中最令人惊讶的月球发现之一”,D项符合此处的语境。故选D。
29.答案：B
解析：考查名词。由文章内容可知,那些样本是航天员从月球上带回来的,所以此处是指,那些样本还在提供关于月球—以及整个太阳系—如何形成和发展的新细节。故选B。（5）Unit 3 Back to the past—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）暑假作业
一、语法填空
1.The old man insisted that he __________ (give) the night shift instead of young people, saying he had no one to take care of.
2.Curious and __________ (astonish), I rushed out of my dormitory when I heard the noise of explosion.
3.His __________ (dismiss) from the factory forced him to leave his hometown and seek job opportunities in other cities.
4.The club welcomes all new members regardless __________ age.
5.The students __________ (panic) when told that final exams were less than a week away.
6.I __________ (panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
7.The play-well-with-others quality may __________ (strong) schoolyard friendships, and promote interpersonal skills in life and work.
8.This is __________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
9.The meat should be fresh with __________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
10.The question discussed at the meeting was __________ it was worth trying or not.
二、阅读理解
Reuel Tolkien (1892 -1973), a British linguist and writer. He created a fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings, a well-known trilogy (三部曲).
Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa. When he was 4 years old, his father died and his family moved back to England. Tolkien graduated from Oxford University when he was 23 years old, and participated in the First World War. During the war, Tolkien suffered from "trench fever" and stayed in the hospital until the end of World War Ⅰ. It was during the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.
After the war, Tolkien became a linguist. He was an editor of the Oxford English Dictionary of 1918-1920. And during that time he was also researching into Anglo-Saxon language.
In 1937, Tolkien completed his first work The Hobbit. Although this was a fairy tale, it was also suitable for adults to read. Because of good sales, publishers (Allen & Unwin) convinced Tolkien to write its sequel. This encouraged Tolkien to complete his most famous work — the epic(史诗) trilogy The Lord of the Rings. The work of writing went on for almost a year with the support from his good friend Lewis.
At the beginning The Lord of the Rings was similar to works for children, but after that writing style quickly became serious and dark. The Lord of the Rings was one of the most popular literary works in the 20th century in terms of sales and readers, evaluation. Tolkien's influence is important, for the success of The Lord of the Rings makes the fantasy novels of this literary genre (体裁) develop rapidly.
11.When did Tolkien take part in World War Ⅰ
A.In 1896. B.In 1915. C.In 1916. D.In 1937.
12.What can we learn from the passage
A.Tolkien's father died of "trench fever".
B.Tolkien wrote the Oxford English Dictionary himself.
C.The Lord of the Rings was finished in about half a year.
D.Tolkien began his writing career in the hospital.
13.What is Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings considered as
A.The first work of Tolkien.
B.Always serious and dark.
C.Beneficial to the development of the fantasy novels.
D.The most popular literary work in the 20th century.
14.The meaning of "evaluation" in the last paragraph is closest to the meaning of "_________".
A.opinion B.value C.interest D.hobby
三、七选五
Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia, the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced.
① ______ Through these routes, Chinese silk, porcelain (瓷器), lacquer work (漆器) and ironware were shipped to the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pomegranate entered China.
② ______They promoted flow of knowledge as well. Arab astronomy, calendar and medicine found their way to China, while China's four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world. ③ ______ For example, Buddhism originated in India, blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia. Confucianism, which was born in China, gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire. Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
The ancient Silk Road witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports. Along these major routes, capital, technology and people flowed freely. ④ ______ The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed, so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdoms. The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age. The ancient Silk Road brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development.
Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey. Yet today, these places are often associated with conflict, crisis and challenge. ⑤ ______ Now, the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests. It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development, but also connect different civilizations. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted.
A. More importantly, ideas were also exchanged.
B. The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C. Goods, resources and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such a state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E. However, silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F. Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G. The Silk Road was never an actual road, or even a single massive trade route.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：should be given
解析：句意为: 那位老人坚决要求 (让别人) 给他安排夜班,而不是给年轻人,他说没有人需要他去照顾。 insist 在此处意为 “坚决要求”,其后接宾语从句时,应用虚拟语气 “should+动词原形”, should 可省略, give 与其主语 he 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,所以应填 (should) be given。
2.答案：astonished
解析：句意为: 当我听到爆炸声时, 我感到又好奇又惊讶, 并冲出了宿舍。此处表示 “感到惊讶的”, 应用-ed 结尾的形容词,故填 astonished 。
3.答案：being dismissed
解析：句意为: 被工厂解雇迫使他离开家乡到其他城市去寻找工作机会。此处为动名词复合结构作主语, dismiss 与物主代词 His 之间是被动关系, 所以应用动名词的被动式,故填 being dismissed。
4.答案：of
解析：句意为: 俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。 regardless of... 为固定搭配,意为“无论……”。故填 of 。
5.答案：panicked
解析：考查时态。根据were可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填panicked。
6.答案：panicked
解析：本题主要考查时态。when引导的状语从 句中谓语动词为一般过去时，可知，主句 时态也为一般过去时。故正确答案为panicked。
7.答案：strengthen
解析：考查动词。句意:这种与他人玩得好的品质可以加强校园友谊,提高生活和工作中的人际交往能力。分析句子可知,此处作谓语,再根据前面的may可知,此处用动词原形,故填strengthen。
8.答案： what
解析：句意为:这就是我父亲教我的—永远要直面困难,并抱有最大的希望。设空处引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“……的东西”,故填what。
9.答案：a
解析：句意为:(小笼包的)肉馅一定得新鲜,带点儿甜味:周围的汤汁应该是热的,清澈可口。a touch of是固定短语,意为“一点儿,少许”。故填a。
10.答案：Whether
解析：句意为:会上讨论的问题是这件事是否值得一试。分析句子结构可知, 句中缺少表语从句引导词, 从句不缺成分,根据句意和空后的 or not 可知,设空处表示 “是否”, 应用连词 whether。if 通常不用于引导表语从句。故填 whether。
二、阅读理解
答案：11-14.BDCA
解析：11.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Reuel Tolkien(1892-1973)”以及第二段中的“Tolkien graduated from Oxford University when he was 23 years old, and participated in the First World War”可知,他生于1892年,23岁时参加了第一次世界大战;据此可以知道,他是在1915年参加第一次世界大战的。故答案为B。
12.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It was during the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first”可知,他是在医院开始他的写作生涯的。故选D。
13.考查细节理解。根据文章最后一句“Tolkien's influence is important, for the success of The Lord of the Rings makes the fantasy novels of this literary genre(体裁)develop rapidly”可知,《指环王》的成功促进了奇幻小说的快速发展。故答案为C。
14.考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“The Lord of the Rings was one of the most popular literary works in the 20th century in terms of sales and readers' evaluation”可知,就销量和读者的评价来说,《指环王》是20世纪最受欢迎的文学作品之一。因此推知画线词意为“评价”,故opinion“观点,看法”符合题意。
三、七选五
答案：EBACD
解析：①根据上文可知, 丝绸之路是由中国生产的丝绸命名的, 根据设空处后一句“通过这些路线, 中国的丝 、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方, 而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知,丝绸之路上被交易的物资多种多样,不只丝绸这一种。 E 项 (然而, 丝绸只是在这些路线上被交易的许多商品之一)承上启下,符合语境。silk 是词汇复现。
②根据空后的 They promoted flow of knowledge as well. 可知,丝绸之路也促进了知识交流,下文提到中国与西方的科技发明与思想文化也有了互相交流的机会。B 项中的 not only 与空后的 as well 相呼应,空后的 They 指代 B 项中的 The ancient silk routes, 故 B 项 (古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易) 符合语境。
③由空后列举的 Buddhism 和 Confucianism 可知, 丝绸之路也有助于文化和思想的交流。故 A 项 (更重要的是, 还交流了观点) 引出下文, 符合语境。
④空前提到丝绸之路见证了沿途各港口贸易繁忙的景象,丝绸之路沿途的主要干线上, 资本、技术和人口可以自由流动; 空后提到这些古代的繁华城市和港口都得以发展。结合选项可知, C 项 (商品、资源和利益被广泛分享) 符合语境。
⑤空前一句说明 “然而今天,这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。D 项中的 Such state of affairs 指代空前一句中陈述的状况。故 D 项 (这种状况不应被容许继续下去)符合语境。

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