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人教版2019高中英语必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元达标训练
一、单词拼写
1. The earthquake c__________ (造成) great damage to the small town, leaving many people homeless.
2. We should take m__________ (措施) to prevent floods from happening again.
3. A v__________ (猛烈的) storm hit the coastal area last night, causing huge waves.
4. The r__________ (救援) workers arrived at the earthquake - stricken area as soon as possible to help the victims.
5. The forest fire b__________ (烧毁) a large area of the forest before it was finally put out.
6. The flood washed away many houses, and the s__________ (幸存者) had to live in temporary shelters.
7. We need to be p__________ (准备好的) for natural disasters at any time.
8. The a__________ (警报) went off when the fire started, warning people to evacuate.
9. The heavy snow caused a lot of t__________ (交通) problems in the city.
10. The government provided f__________ (食物) and water for the people affected by the disaster.
二、词性转换
1. cause（名词）__________
2. measure（复数形式）__________
3. violent（副词）__________
4. rescue（同义词）__________
5. burn（过去式）__________
6. survive（名词，幸存者）__________
7. prepare（名词）__________
8. warn（名词）__________
9. traffic（形容词）__________
10. flood（复数形式）__________
三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空）
|cause, measure, violent, rescue, burn, survive, prepare, warn, traffic, flood|
|---|
1. The __________ of the typhoon was so strong that it blew down many trees.
2. The local government has taken many __________ to improve the environment.
3. The firemen are trying their best to __________ the people trapped in the burning building.
4. After the earthquake, only a few people __________ in that area.
5. We should always __________ for unexpected situations in our life.
6. The heavy rain may __________ the river to overflow and cause a __________.
7. The police __________ people not to drive on the icy road because it was too dangerous.
8. Be careful! The candle may __________ your clothes.
四、阅读理解
A
A tsunami is a series of huge waves caused by an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. These waves can travel across the ocean at high speeds and cause great destruction when they reach the shore.
In 2004, a powerful tsunami hit the Indian Ocean region. It was triggered by a massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves reached heights of up to 30 meters in some places. The disaster affected many countries, including Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. Tens of thousands of people lost their lives, and countless homes and businesses were destroyed.
The impact of the 2004 tsunami was not only physical but also psychological. Survivors had to deal with the loss of their loved ones and the destruction of their homes. Many people suffered from post - traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the years following the disaster, international aid and support helped the affected areas to recover and rebuild.
1. What can cause a tsunami
A. Only an underwater earthquake.
B. An underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.
C. Only a volcanic eruption.
D. Only a landslide.
2. Where did the 2004 tsunami hit
A. The Pacific Ocean region.
B. The Atlantic Ocean region.
C. The Indian Ocean region.
D. The Arctic Ocean region.
3. How high were the tsunami waves in some places
A. Up to 10 meters.
B. Up to 20 meters.
C. Up to 30 meters.
D. Up to 40 meters.
4. What were the impacts of the 2004 tsunami
A. Only physical damage.
B. Only psychological damage.
C. Both physical and psychological damage.
D. No damage at all.
5. What helped the affected areas recover after the 2004 tsunami
A. Local people's own efforts.
B. International aid and support.
C. The government's policy.
D. The development of technology.
B
Wildfires are a major natural disaster that can cause significant damage to forests, wildlife, and human communities. In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased in many parts of the world due to climate change, drought, and human activities.
In Australia, the 2019 - 2020 wildfire season was one of the worst on record. The fires burned for months, covering a vast area of land. They destroyed millions of hectares of forest, killed billions of animals, and forced thousands of people to evacuate their homes. The thick smoke from the fires even reached other countries, affecting air quality far away.
To prevent and control wildfires, governments and organizations are taking various measures. These include better fire management strategies, such as controlled burns, and increased public awareness campaigns. Scientists are also researching new technologies to detect and extinguish wildfires more effectively.
1. What can cause wildfires to increase in frequency and intensity
A. Climate change, drought, and human activities.
B. Only climate change.
C. Only drought.
D. Only human activities.
2. Which country experienced a severe wildfire season in 2019 - 2020
A. The United States.
B. Australia.
C. Canada.
D. Russia.
3. What was the impact of the 2019 - 2020 wildfires in Australia
A. They burned a small area of land.
B. They killed a few animals.
C. They forced thousands of people to evacuate.
D. They had no impact on air quality.
4. What are governments and organizations doing to prevent and control wildfires
A. Taking no measures.
B. Only increasing public awareness.
C. Only using new technologies.
D. Adopting better fire management strategies and increasing public awareness.
5. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The causes and impacts of wildfires and the measures to deal with them.
B. The history of wildfires.
C. The types of wildfires.
D. The benefits of wildfires.
五、完形填空
Last year, a severe earthquake 1.__________ our city. The ground shook 2.__________ and many buildings started to collapse. People were 3.__________ and ran out of their houses in panic.
The earthquake 4.__________ power supplies and water pipes. Many people were trapped under the rubble. 5.__________, the rescue teams arrived quickly. They worked day and night to search for survivors and 6.__________ the injured.
The government provided food, water, and temporary shelters for the affected people. Volunteers also came forward to help. They 7.__________ food, distributed water, and comforted the victims.
After the earthquake, we realized the importance of being 8.__________ for natural disasters. We should learn more about earthquake 9.__________ and take measures to protect ourselves. It is also important to help each other in times of 10.__________.
1. A. hit B. beat C. struck D. knocked
2. A. gently B. violently C. softly D. slowly
3. A. excited B. surprised C. frightened D. angry
4. A. cut off B. cut down C. cut up D. cut out
5. A. Luckily B. Unfortunately C. Suddenly D. Sadly
6. A. save B. kill C. harm D. hurt
7. A. cooked B. ate C. bought D. sold
8. A. careful B. ready C. worried D. afraid
9. A. prevention B. protection C. prediction D. preparation
10. A. joy B. peace C. trouble D. success
六、语法填空
Natural disasters 1.__________ (be) a serious threat to human beings. Earthquakes, floods, and wildfires can cause great damage. We need to understand 2.__________ causes of these disasters to prevent them better.
For example, earthquakes are often caused by the movement of tectonic plates. If we can monitor the movement 3.__________ (close), we may be able to predict earthquakes and take measures 4.__________ (reduce) the damage.
Floods usually happen when there is 5.__________ heavy rain or when rivers overflow. Building dams and improving drainage systems can help prevent floods.
Wildfires can be caused by 6.__________ (nature) factors like lightning or human activities. To prevent wildfires, we should 7.__________ (education) people not to start fires in forests.
In addition, it is important 8.__________ (build) disaster - resistant buildings. These buildings can better withstand the impact of natural disasters. We should also learn 9.__________ (first - aid) skills to help those 10.__________ are injured in disasters.
参考答案
一、单词拼写答案及解析
1. caused，“造成”，根据语境可知地震造成破坏是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填caused。
2. measures，“措施”，take measures是固定短语，意为“采取措施”，常用复数形式，故填measures。
3. violent，“猛烈的”，形容词修饰名词storm，故填violent。
4. rescue，“救援”，rescue workers表示“救援人员”，故填rescue。
5. burned / burnt，“烧毁”，根据语境可知森林大火烧毁森林是过去发生的事情，burn的过去式为burned或burnt，故填burned / burnt。
6. survivors，“幸存者”，根据后面的had可知主语是复数，故填survivors。
7. prepared，“准备好的”，be prepared for是固定短语，意为“为……做好准备”，故填prepared。
8. alarm，“警报”，根据语境可知火灾发生时警报响起，用单数形式，故填alarm。
9. traffic，“交通”，traffic problems表示“交通问题”，故填traffic。
10. food，“食物”，不可数名词，故填food。
二、词性转换答案及解析
1. cause，作名词时意为“原因；起因”，与动词形式相同。
2. measures，measure的复数形式，直接加s。
3. violently，violent的副词形式，在词尾加ly。
4. save，rescue的同义词，都有“救援；拯救”的意思。
5. burned / burnt，burn的过去式有burned和burnt两种形式。
6. survivor，survive的名词形式，意为“幸存者”。
7. preparation，prepare的名词形式，意为“准备；预备”。
8. warning，warn的名词形式，意为“警告；警示”。
9. traffic，本身可作形容词，意为“交通的；运输的”，如traffic rules（交通规则）。
10. floods，flood的复数形式，直接加s。
三、选词填空答案及解析
1. violence，“the + 名词 + of”结构，这里表示台风的猛烈程度，用violent的名词形式violence。
2. measures，take measures是固定短语，意为“采取措施”，用复数形式measures。
3. rescue，try one's best to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”，这里指消防员尽力救援被困人员，用动词原形rescue。
4. survived，根据“After the earthquake”可知用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived，意为“幸存”。
5. prepare，should后接动词原形，prepare for意为“为……做准备”，故填prepare。
6. cause; flood，may后接动词原形，cause sth. to do sth.意为“导致某事发生”，这里指大雨可能导致洪水，flood用单数形式。
7. warned，根据语境可知警察警告人们不要在结冰的路上开车是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，warn的过去式为warned。
8. burn，may后接动词原形，这里指蜡烛可能会烧到衣服，用动词原形burn。
四、阅读理解答案及解析
1. B，根据“A tsunami is a series of huge waves caused by an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.”可知选B。
2. C，由“In 2004, a powerful tsunami hit the Indian Ocean region.”可知选C。
3. C，从“The tsunami waves reached heights of up to 30 meters in some places.”可知选C。
4. C，根据“The impact of the 2004 tsunami was not only physical but also psychological.”可知选C。
5. B，由“In the years following the disaster, international aid and support helped the affected areas to recover and rebuild.”可知选B。
6. A，根据“In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased in many parts of the world due to climate change, drought, and human activities.”可知选A。
7. B，从“In Australia, the 2019 - 2020 wildfire season was one of the worst on record.”可知选B。
8. C，由“They destroyed millions of hectares of forest, killed billions of animals, and forced thousands of people to evacuate their homes.”可知选C。
9. D，根据“To prevent and control wildfires, governments and organizations are taking various measures. These include better fire management strategies, such as controlled burns, and increased public awareness campaigns.”可知选D。
10. A，文章主要讲述了野火的成因、影响以及应对措施，A选项符合文意。
五、完形填空答案及解析
1. A，“hit”表示“袭击；使遭受”，常用来指自然灾害袭击某个地方，这里指地震袭击了城市，故A正确；beat意为“打败；拍打”；strike也有“袭击”之意，但更强调突然性；knock意为“敲；打”，均不符合语境。
2. B，地震时地面应该是剧烈摇晃，violently意为“猛烈地；剧烈地”，符合语境；gently意为“温柔地；轻轻地”；softly意为“柔软地；温和地”；slowly意为“缓慢地”，均不符合。
3. C，地震发生人们会感到害怕，frightened意为“害怕的；受惊的”；excited意为“兴奋的”；surprised意为“惊讶的”；angry意为“生气的”，均不符合当时人们的状态。
4. A，地震切断了电力供应和水管，cut off意为“切断；中断”；cut down意为“砍倒；削减”；cut up意为“切碎”；cut out意为“裁剪；删除”，只有cut off符合语境。
5. A，救援队伍迅速到达是幸运的事，luckily意为“幸运地”；unfortunately意为“不幸地”；suddenly意为“突然地”；sadly意为“悲伤地”，均不符合语境。
6. A，救援队伍是来拯救被困人员和救助伤者的，save意为“拯救；挽救”；kill意为“杀死”；harm意为“伤害”；hurt意为“使受伤”，只有save符合。
7. A，志愿者应该是做饭给受灾群众，cook意为“烹饪；做饭”；eat意为“吃”；buy意为“买”；sell意为“卖”，只有cook符合语境。
8. B，be ready for意为“为……做好准备”，这里指意识到为自然灾害做好准备的重要性，故B正确；careful意为“小心的”；worried意为“担心的”；afraid意为“害怕的”，均不符合。
9. A，这里指学习地震预防知识，earthquake prevention意为“地震预防”；protection意为“保护”；prediction意为“预测”；preparation意为“准备”，只有prevention符合。
10. C，in times of trouble意为“在困难时期”，这里指在灾难发生这种困难时期要互相帮助，joy意为“欢乐”；peace意为“和平”；success意为“成功”，均不符合。
六、语法填空答案及解析
1. are，主语“Natural disasters”是复数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故be动词用are。
2. the，这里特指这些灾难的原因，用定冠词the。
3. closely，修饰动词monitor用副词，close的副词形式为closely，意为“密切地”。
4. to reduce，take measures to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。
5. a，rain是不可数名词，但这里表示一场大雨，用“a + 形容词 + 不可数名词”结构，heavy以辅音音素开头，用a。
6. natural，修饰名词factors用形容词，nature的形容词形式为natural，意为“自然的”。
7. educate，should后接动词原形，education的动词形式为educate，意为“教育”。
8. to build，“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，故填to build。
9. first - aid，first - aid是合成形容词，意为“急救的”，修饰名词skills。
10. who，先行词是those（指人），在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。

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