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Unit 5
Learning from nature
外研版选择性高中英语
必修三Unit 5
1.To learn something about Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau
2.To read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt form nature
3.To learn how to read a comparative essay
4.To learn some useful words and expressions
Learning Objectives学习目标
Read the short introductions to Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau and share what else you know about them with the class.
Tao Qian (365~427) born in Xunyang, Jiangxi Province, also called Tao Yuanming. Tao Qian took a minor official post while in his 20s in order to support his aged parents. After about 10 years at that post, he resigned from official life. Tao was one of a noted recluse (n. 隐士). A master of the five-word line, Tao
has been described as the first
great “poet of fields and gardens”.
He was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early twenties. His understanding of nature is unprecedented in American literature.
Henry David Thoreau 亨利·戴维·梭罗
(1817-1862)
He spent most of his lifetime observing nature and wrote many works on nature and man-nature relationship. The ideas in these works went beyond his age and were thus ignored by his temporaries. In 1845, he
began his famous two-year
stay at Walden Pond, which
he wrote about in his
masterwork, Walden.
Read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt from nature.
Both of them got inspiration from nature for their literary works.
Both of them lived simply in nature with few material desires, which helped them to attain their personal fulfilment.
Para. 1
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value.
The two men’s influence to people today
Read to get the main ideas.
Tao Yuanming and Thoreau shared an intense respect for nature.
Paras.
2~3
Paras.
4~5
Para. 6
Choose the right answers according to the passage.
Why did Tao Yuanming leave the court
Because he was too old.
Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
Because he liked nature so much.
Because he liked living in a rural area.
B
2. Why did Thoreau return to nature
He wanted to live a meaningful life.
He wanted to follow the example of Tao Yuanming.
He had a hut in the forest.
His life was hard.
A
3. What do they have in common
They treated nature in the same way.
They lived in the same century.
They were both unsatisfied with their leaders.
Their works showed the beauty of nature.
D
4. What did Thoreau describe in his writings
Fields and villages. B. chickens and dogs.
C. Animals and plants.
D. Mountains and rivers.
5. What does Thoreau’s work mainly embody
Nature’s wilderness is beautiful.
We should raise more animals.
Man should live in harmony with nature.
We should live in the rural area.
C
C
6. What should we do if we want to attain personal well being and fulfilment
Live closer to nature.
Increase material desires.
Walk a lot in the forest.
Share a respect for nature.
A
Back to nature
本文语篇类型为论说文。课文通过介绍、比较中外田园诗人陶渊明和Henry David Thoreau生活的年代，回归田园生活的社会背景、原因，写作风格的异同，表达了他们对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往。在阅读文章的过程中，我们要注意比较的写作手法。
A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. There must be enough similarities and differences between the topics so that they can be discussed in a meaningful way. A number of points should be discussed within a comparative essay.
Organise information from the passage and complete the chart.
Tao Yuanming
He went back to nature because ________________________________ .
________________________________ ________________________________.
________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________.
His return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life
he felt conflicted over life at court
Henry David Thoreau
_________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________.
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
He wrote about nature in order to
_______________________________
______________________________
_____________________.
Thoreau’s return to nature was a personal decision to transform the way he lived
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him
convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and
prosper, as we do
Similarities
They went back to nature.
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________.
________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
_________________________.
Both made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature
Both were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature
in the quietness of their lives
Try to find words, phrases or sentences which shows compares, contrast or evaluations in the reading passage.
Examples:
polar opposites, while…,
One…the other…
1. Why did it take Tao and Thoreau great courage to walk away from their previous lives
Because it was difficult to reject the easy and familiar life they used to live.
2. Why are their ideas important to our lives today
Because in today’s modern world, we still need to live harmoniously with nature, and live a simple life. Fewer material desires lead to better personal well-being and fulfilment.
3. What do you think about living in nature like Tao and Thoreau Give your reasons.
4. Compare the two reading passages in this unit. In what ways does each passage contribute to the unit theme
Both passages have the common theme of learning from nature. The first passage focuses on the inspirations people get from nature, while the second focuses more on the natural way of living that people still need today. The second passage calls upon us to live in harmony with nature, which is an important message for today.
Work in pare the quotes by Tao and Thoreau.
1. Find the Chinese version of Tao’s poem, and translate Thoreau’ quote into Chinese.
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village,
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane,
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
归田园居
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一刻。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
2. Decide which portrayal of nature you prefer and make notes.
Tao Thoreau
Genres of their works: Images in their works: What nature means to them: What message they try to convey:
3. Organise your thoughts and share them with the class.
Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites.
1) 句子主干是These two men were polar opposites;
2) Whose lives were separated…是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，对two men进行补充。
接下来的句子： And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each influential figure of their time.
which引导的非限制性定语从句，对respect for nature进行补充说明；
2. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “ bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
1) for good=for ever
2) 现在分词短语做伴随状语；
3) that引导同位语从句,对line进行解释
4) bow v. 低头；鞠躬
5) in return for 作为……的回报
eg He didn’t except anything in return for his help.
3. While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decisionto transform the way he lived.
while conj. used to contrast two things “然而, 却”
此处作者用对比的方法介绍两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。
eg Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.
均为定语从句
4. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.
in contrast to… 与……(形成)对比
eg The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.
critical of 批评，批判
eg Many parents are strongly critical of the school.
depressive adj. 抑郁的；沮丧的
eg He’s no longer a depressive character.
【归纳】
5. Breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each.
resign v. to make yourself accept something that is bad but cannot be changed
使自己顺从于（做）某事
resign oneself to (doing) sth
使自己顺从于（做）某事; 安于……
eg We have to resign ourselves to fate since we cannot think out an effective remedy (补救).
We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.
6. It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.
Paraphrase: People need great courage to abandon their easy and familiar lives and try to live closer to nature, as Tao and Thoreau both did.
1) reject v. to refuse to give someone any love or attention 冷落，嫌弃，厌弃
eg He has been rejected by all the university he applied to.
【辨析】reject, refuse, decline
reject指拒绝接受或考虑某事，或指由于不能让人满意而不接受、不录取等。
refuse是普通用词，指拒绝做某事或接受别人所给之物，作后者讲时常可与turn down换用。
decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助、邀请等。
eg Poor as he was, Mr Brown declined a large sum of money
from the charity.
She refused to accept that there was a problem.
2) the easy and familiar “the +adj.” 表示一类人或事物，此处指the easy and familiar life。
3) as: “像……一样; 引导方式状语从句
eg Will you do the experiment as I am doing
7. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
at ease with: feeling relaxed, especially in a situation in
which people might feel a little nervous 不拘束，放松
eg I am never at ease with strangers.
She felt completely at ease with Bernard.
【拓展】
feel at ease 感到放松/自在
put sb. at ease 使某人放松/自在
with ease 轻易地，好不费劲地
Write a short summary about the passage. Try to use compare or contrast in your summary.
Homework
Writing about a lesson from nature
To learn to write about a lesson from nature.
Have you ever observed the process
1 What does a butterfly do to get out of its pupa
2 Why did the man think he needed to help the
butterfly
The butterfly struggles to force its body through the little hole.
Because the butterfly couldn’t get out. The struggle seemed too hard for its weak body.
Read the story and answer the questions.
3 What happened to the butterfly after the man enlarged the hole in the pupa
4 What is the lesson behind this story What else
can you learn from it
The butterfly dragged itself around weakly, and then died.
We need struggle to grow strong and survive.
Learning to learn
An extended metaphor refers to a comparison between two things that is developed at length over many lines of text, or throughout an entire work of literature. For example, in the butterfly story, the struggle of the butterfly illustrates life’s struggles. While the story appears to be about a butterfly, it is really about us.
Look at the pictures and talk about what you can learn from nature.
Constant dripping wears away a stone.
If we keep on doing something with our devotion, we’ll succeed at last.
Union is strength.
If we play hard and cooperate well. We will complete a job.
Early birds catches worms.
Chances are waiting for the prepared people. If we want to achieve a goal, we should prepare for it carefully.
Work in pairs. Plan your writing. Consider the following.
the topic you wish to write about
whether you will use an extended metaphor
what lesson it teaches us, and how we
can apply this lesson to daily life
a suitable title for your story
写启示要以叙述事件为主，通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文六要素（时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果）交代清楚。
这种类型的作文应分三部分：
第一部分交代清楚事件的背景；
第二部分叙述时间的发生、经过及结果；
第三部分阐述启示，发表感想等。
人称：通常用第一人称或第三人称。
时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背
景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得
更加生动形象。
标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或
主题。
常用表达：
开头：One day, I saw a …
Last week I had an asuming experience.
主体：I was walking in the street when…
结束语：
We can go through difficulty if we put our hearts into it.
I draw a conclusion: Many hands make light work.
A lesson from Ants
One day, I was resting in my grandparent’s garden when I saw that the sky was covered with dark, this being a sure sign of rain. All of a sudden, an ant came into my sight. The tiny creature was trying hard to carry a small branch of wood to its nest, but its efforts were in vain. Each time the ant picked up the branch of wood, it rolled down its body and fell onto the ground.
Sample 1
While I was wondering why the ant was trying so hard to achieve the impossible, it was joined by more ants. This group of ants worked together, and eventually they managed to carry the branch of wood to their nest.
Similarly, we can cooperate and collaborate in order to achieve what seems impossible for us to do as individuals. In order to achieve our goals, we should work together.
Once upon a time, an old farmer
planted a plot of rice. Every day, he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day. But still, he thought they were growing too slowly. He got impatient with the young plants. “How could the plants grow faster ” He tossed in bed during the night and could not sleep. Suddenly he hit upon an idea. He had an idea not wait for daybreak. He jumped out of the bed and dashed to the field.
Sample 2
Thank you

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