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(共34张PPT)
定语从句
Relative Clauses
Learning aims:
Learn the basic concepts about relative Clause.
2. Learn how to choose the correct relative pronouns
and relative adverbs.
She is a pretty girl.
The boy under the tree is Jack.
什么是定语？
前置定语
后置定语
定语：句子中修饰名词或代词的成分
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
定语从句
定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般跟在所修饰词之后。
Ⅰ 相关概念
Tang Shan was the city which was struck by a strong earthquake.
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，有时是短语或整个主句。
关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（which, that, who, whom, as）和关系副词（when, where, why ）。
关系词的作用：
① 引导定语从句
② 指代先行词
③ 在从句中充当成分
关系词的作用？
Ⅱ 关系代词的用法
1.who, whom和whose
who指人,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.(作主语)
The man who we are talking about is an expert in IT.(作宾语)
whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,也可以用who代替。
The girl whom the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.(作宾语)
There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.(作宾语)
whose指人或物,表“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.(修饰人)
He lives in a room whose window faces north.(修饰物)
Attention:
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。
The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother.
Exercises
①As a Chinese 　who　 is interested in travelling, I would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing.
②Those 　who　 want to see the film set down your names, please.
③The children 　who/that　 were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
④The doctor with 　whom　 my father worked last year has gone abroad.
who　
who　
who/that　
whom　
Ⅱ 关系代词的用法
2. that和which
that指人或物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。
This is the novel that interests me.(指物,作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.(指物,作宾语)
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches
one million.(that指人,作主语)
which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
This house which belongs to his parents is very beautiful.(作主语)
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.(作宾语)
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.(作介词in的宾语)
①Look, here are some people ( 　who/whom/th) I want you to meet.
②I still remember the farm ( 　that/ich　 ) we visited three months ago.
③The picture 　which/that　 was about the accident was terrible.
who/whom/that　
which/that　
that/which　
Exercises
特殊情况
当先行词是物时的两种特殊情况：
（一）只用that不用which
1.当先行词为不定代词时（all, everything, nothing, something, anything
little, much等）
All that can be done has been done.
Everything that he said is wrong.
2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing that you should do is to call the police at once.
This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had.
3.当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
This is the very novel that I have been searching for.
The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal.
4.当先行词既指人又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remember.
特殊情况
（二）只用which不用that
1. 引导非限制性定语从句
He forgot the meeting, which annoyed everyone.
2. 用于介词之后（介词+which）
This is the factory in which his father works.
特殊情况
当先行词是指人的代词：one, those, anyone, everyone, someone,
anybody, everybody, somebody, he, they等时，常用who/whom.
The student you should learn from is the one who studies hard.
He who does not advance falls backward.
Exercises
①This is the most beautiful park 　(th I have visited.
③She took pictures of the things and people 　(that she was impressed with.
②Chatting was the only thing 　that interested her most.
(that)　
that　
that　
关系代词作宾语时可省略
关系代词
关系词 先行词 所作成分
关系代词 that 人；物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾语
whose 人；物 定语
Ⅳ 关系副词的用法
1. when引导定从时,先行词为表示时间的名词,when在从句中作时间状语。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time when each family has its members
get together.
I’ll never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.
Ⅳ 关系副词的用法
2. where引导定从时,先行词为表示地点的名词,where在从句中作地点状语。
he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
Beijing is the cultural center of our country, where you can visit
many places of interest.
Attention:
where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后,如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition等。
I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
Ⅳ 关系副词的用法
3.why引导定从时,先行词通常是reason, why在从句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
关系副词
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因（reason） 原因状语
Exercises
①I’ll never forget the day 　when　 I received the admission letter from Zhejiang University!
②The reason 　why　 he was late was that he got stuck in the traffic.
③Keep the book in a place 　where　 you can find it easily.
④It was a time 　when I didn’t understand what death meant.
when　
why　
where　
when
方法点拨
如何正确选用关系词　
① 判定为定语从句
② 看从句
缺主宾表定 关系代词
缺状语 关系副词
③ 看先行词
选择正确的关系词
关系词小结
关系词 先行词 所作成分
关系代词 that 人；物 主、宾、表
which 物 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾语
whose 人；物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因（reason） 原因状语
Exercises
①It happened in November 　when　 the weather was wet and cold.
②The reason 　that/which　 her husband explained sounded reasonable.
③The reason 　why　 I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writing style.
④I’d like to live in the house 　where　 there is plenty of sunshine.
⑤This is the house 　that/which　 was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
when　
that/which　
why　
where　
that/which　
Ⅴ 介词+关系代词
（一）该结构中关系代词的选择
1. 介词+which 引导定语从句，先行词为物；
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
2. 介词+whom 引导定语从句，先行词为人；
The woman to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.
3. 介词+whose 引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，whose和其后的名词构成所属关系。“... ... 的 ... ... ”
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
Ⅴ 介词+关系代词
（二）该结构中介词的选择 --- “一先、二动、三意义”。
1. “一先”,即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.（in the factory）
2. “二动”,即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday. （talk about）
3. “三意义”,即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Mr Field graduated in 2009, after which he entered a famous IT company.
Ⅴ 介词+关系代词
4.表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。
Julie was good at German， French and Russian, all of which she spoke very fluently.
5.“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词”引导的定语从句，可与“whose＋名词”替换。
We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival, the theme of which/of which the theme is Love English and Love Drama.
→We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival, whose theme is Love English and Love Drama.
Ⅴ 介词+关系代词
（三）该结构与关系副词的转化
在某些情况下，可以用“介词+关系代词”的结构来替代关系副词，以提供更具体的信息或强调某个特定的方面。
This is the house in which/where I live.
I will never forget the day on which/when I went to university.
Please tell me the reason for which/why you were late for school.
注：在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、 look for等。
Exercises
① There is a big window 　through which　 I can see the railway station.
② I have some American friends 　from whom　 I have learned much about the American customs. （用介词+关系代词填空）
through which　
from whom　
②I read a report about his new novel 　which/that　 will soon be published.
③The woman 　who/that　 survived the earthquake is Amy’s English teacher.
④This is the new secretary （　 　that/whom/who　 　） I would like to introduce to you.
⑤I’m looking forward to taking part in the activity 　which/that　 will be held in the school lecture hall on 19 June.
Ⅰ 用适当的关系代词填空
①The book is intended for the students 　whose　 native language is not English.
whose　
which/that　
who/that　
that/whom/who　
which/that　
Ⅱ 用适当的关系副词填空
①We have entered into an age 　when　 dreams have the best chance of coming true.
②The English Corner is an activity 　where　 we can practice our spoken English.
③My son has come to a stage 　where　 he can speak out sentences instead of single words.
④What I want to know is the reason 　why　 the Great Wall was built.
when　
where　
where　
why　
Ⅲ 用适当的关系词填空
①We will be shown around some places 　which/that　 visitors seldom visit.
②We will be shown around some places 　where　 visitors seldom go.
which/that　
where　
③I’ll never forget those years 　when　 we worked together to complete the project.
④I’ll never forget those years 　which/that　 we spent together to complete the project.
when　
which/that　
Ⅳ 单句语法填空
①I can’t believe the restaurant at 　which　 I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down.
②You should make some Chinese friends with 　whom　 you can communicate frequently.
which　
whom　
③The woman writer wrote many children’s books， nearly half of 　which　 were published in the 1990s.
④I’d like you to explain the reason 　for　 which you were late for the meeting.
which　
for　
Thank you !

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