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2026届高考英语语法专项复习
独立主格
Absolute Structure
Absolute Structure
独立主格结构(Absolute Structure) 是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等枸成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词,在句子中主要作状语，表示时间，条件，伴随，原因等。
Absolute structure 独立主格结构
独立主语+doing
独立主语+done
独立主语+to do
独立主语+adj./ adv.
独立主语+n.
独立主语+PP. (介词短语)
There being +n.
It being +n.
1. 独立主语+doing
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
Our car having developed engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area.
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
主语与doing是“主动”，动作和主句动作如果有先后，用完成体。
2. 独立主语+done
The job finished, we went home.
More time given, we should have done the job much better.
done的动作为“被动”。
3. 独立主语+to do
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
to do指未发生的动作，表示将来。
4. 独立主语+adj./adv.
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.
The children were making a snowman outside the house，hands red with cold.
She sat at the table, collar off, head down.
The class over，the students went out of the classroom.
形容词(短语)表示逻辑主语的性质或特征。
副词表示逻辑主语的状态或方向。
5. 独立主语+n.
Mr. Smith (being) the head teacher, we will have a hard time.
We saw a lot of children singing in the park, most of them boys.
独立主语+名词可用于主语补语，或同位语，补充说明逻辑主语的身份或特征。
6. 独立主语+pp.(介词短语)
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.
The teacher came in, book in hand.
He was waiting, his eyes on her back.
Don’t sleep with the windows open.
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
介词短语表示伴随。
Sub.+prep.+noun
Prep.+noun+adj/adv
7. There being +n.
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
= As there was nothing to do, we had to go back home.
There being no further business, l declare the meeting closed.
相当于there be句型，作原因状语。
8. It being +n.
It being Sunday today, the whole school is empty.
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
It一般表示时间或日期,节日等。
The man rushed into the house, his face _____ under his cap.
A. hiding B. having hidden
C. hidden D.to hide
2. _____ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was B. Being
C .Having been D. There being
3. _____ Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A. Being B. It being
C. There being D. Having been
Practice
So many problems _____, I'm in a tight corner.
A. settled B. remained to settle
C. being settled D. remaining to be settled
The boy followed the nobleman here, _____.
A. a sword in hand
B. a sword in his hand
C. being a sword in hand
D. sword in hand
Practice
6. He left the office,_____.
A. tears being in eyes
B. tears in eyes
C. being tears in eyes
D. with tears being in eyes
Practice

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