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(共57张PPT)
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
【版本：外研　册别：选择性必修二】
Learning Objectives
Get the historical background and meaning of the Gettysburg speech;
Work out the thematic meaning of the speech;
Organize and deliver a speech.
Post-reading
Careful reading
Fast reading
Pre-reading
Homework
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Language points
contents
I
Pre-reading
Do you know what these pictures are about
Slavery
When it comes to slavery, what pops into your mind Is it …
Lincoln
black and white
cruelty
cotton fields
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
the Civil War
Slavery
Let’s watch a video and learn more about slavery!
How did slave owners regard their slaves
What was a slave’s life like
Read and Think
1. How did slave owners regard their slaves
Check the answers
They didn’t regard them as humans but as animals, without respecting them.
2. What was a slave’s life like
Daily life for a slave involved back-breaking labour. Slaves had to work all day long without enough rest. They were often physically abused by their owners and had no legal rights.
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States.He led the American Civil War, issued the Emancipation Proclamation of black Slaves, opened the way for the United States to become the world’s largest industrial power in the 19th century, known as the “Great Emancipator”.
The Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) was a famous battle of the American Civil War. It involved more than 160,000 men and resulted in some of the heaviest losses of the war, on both sides. The battle was a defeat for the South, and is now regarded by many as the turning point of the civil war; indeed, the great slaughter gave rise to doubt in some quarters about the wisdom of continuing the war. Abraham Lincoln set the battle at the heart of his vision for Union victory when he delivered The Gettysburg Address, at the Dedication of the National Cemetery at the battlefield site in November 1863.
The Gettysburg Address
As we can see, slavery was common in southern states of the United States at that time. But there was one man who played a key part in abolishing it. Do you know him and his famous speech in Gettysburg
The Power of Speech
Famous US Presidents
Great Battles in History
Task 1:
Look at the title and skim the passage (P58-60). Choose the book in which you would most likely find the passage.
II
Fast reading
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.It is about a famous US president.
B.It is about the great battles in history.
C.It is about the power of speeches.
D.It is about the division of America.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
The Words That Changed
A Nation
Speech
1.___________
Lincoln 3. in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania.
At that time,America was bitterly 4. .
Lincoln understood the
5. of the civilian people.
background
Speech
2.________
content
gave a speech
divided
feelings
The Words That Changed
A Nation
Speech
2.content
Our fathers 6. a new nation.
We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here 7.____
.
We will 8. this government of the people,by the people,for the people.
brought forth
gave
their lives
set up
A. The significance of the speech.
B. The situation they were facing – The Civil War.
C. Brief introduction to the speech.
D. The historical context of the speech.
E. The sacrifice of the dead and the great task of the living.
F. The ideals set down by the Founding Fathers.
Task 2: Read for the main idea of each paragraph and
the passage structure.
The passage includes two parts.
Para. 1
Para. 3
Para. 2
Para. 5
Para. 6
Para. 4
Brief introduction to the speech.
The historical context of the speech.
The significance of the speech.
The ideals set down by the Founding Fathers.
The situation they were facing – The Civil War.
The sacrifice of the dead and the great task of the living.
Task 2: Read for the main idea of each paragraph and
the passage structure.
The passage includes two parts.
Para. 1
Para. 3
Para. 2
Part Ⅰ Author’s introduction to The Gettysburg
Address
Para. 5
Para. 6
Para. 4
Part Ⅱ The Gettysburg Address
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1.What can we learn from paragraph 1
A.Thousands of soldiers died because of the terrible world war.
B.The speech by Lincoln was over 268 words long and lasted two minutes.
C.The speech was of great help for the nation and the people.
D.Lincoln made the speech，because some soldiers were killed.
√
2.How did the people feel after the civil war
A.Excited. B.Suffered.
C.Equal. D.Hopeless.
√
3.What did the writer think of the speech by Lincoln according to the passage
A.Hopeful but sorrowful.
B.Timely and practical.
C.Outdated but helpful.
D.Conservative and optimistic.
√
4.According to the speech，what was the best for the living
A.Devotion to the freedom.
B.Fighting for the dead.
C.Helping the government.
D.Devotion to our property.
√
5.What is the structure of the passage？(P＝paragraph)
√
III
Careful reading
Careful-reading
Para.1
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address When
Who
Where
How
a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863
a tall，thin man called Abraham Lincoln (then president)
a platform in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania
This address to the crowd changed the minds of the people and helped shape a nation.
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes. But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
Para. 1
v. 走上；登上
/ ɡ tiz b ɡ/ 葛底斯堡
/ p ns l venj / n. 宾夕法尼亚州
为了纪念......
n. 演讲
塑造一个国家
Para.2
1．What was America going through
America was bitterly divided by a two-year civil war.
2．What’s the result of the war
The worst battle lasted three days at Gettysburg in 1863，with the Union side winning at a great cost of over 50,000 casualties. People lost hope and purpose.
the slave-owning Confederate Southern States
the “free” Northern States of the Union
VS
At that time, America was bitterly divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union. The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won, but at a great cost. Over 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose. What was all this suffering for
Para. 2
adv. 残酷地；悲痛地
内战 civilization n. 文明, 文化
奴隶主制的 slave n. 奴隶 slavery n. 奴隶制
发生
n. 联邦 unite v. 联合；团结 united adj. 联合的；统一的
付出巨大的代价
Para. 3
1. What is “the new vision” of the ideals
To remove not only the _________ between North and South，but the __________ between black and white，and work step by step towards the ________ of humankind.
divisions
boundaries
equality
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
Para. 3
展望未来
v. 指定，规定（规则/原则等）
n. 开国者;创立人
是......的责任；由......决定
adv. 逐步地
Paras. 4-6
1. How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US
It was a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
2．What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation
It would test whether a nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal can long endure.
3．How did Lincoln describe the men who fought in the war
They gave their lives so that their nation might live.
Paras. 4-6
4．What was the “great task” that Lincoln described
That this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people，by the people，for the people，shall not perish from the earth.
5．Who would be responsible for carrying out this task
The living should be dedicated to the task.
6．The speech mainly contains three parts：
____________→_____________→______________
the founding
the civil war
the great task
Paras. 4-6
Para. 4
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
n. 分数；二十
使产生；使出现
be dedicated to 致力于
dedicated adj. 专心致志的 dedication n. 献身；奉献
n. 论点；主张
Para. 5
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
从事；忙于......
v. 持续存在 endurance n.忍耐力，耐久力 endurable adj. 可以忍受的
献出生命
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate –we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased
Para. 6
从更大的意义上；从更大的角度
远远超过
（故事）说到这儿；（情势）到这一刻
继续；开展
devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Para. 6
徒劳；白费力气
Watch the video and retell the speech
Ⅳ
Post-reading
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
动词不定式短语作定语
His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason to look to the future.(P58 Para.3)
他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。
结构分析：此句中的to look to the future是不定式作后置定语修饰a reason。
英语中常用不定式短语作后置定语的情况：
被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
抽象名词way，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时。
(1)中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位既作为运动员又作为教练在奥运会上获得金牌的人。
Lang Ping，head coach of the Chinese women’s volleyball team，has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 both as a coach and as a player.
(2)我有维持课堂秩序的能力，因为多年当班长的经验使我成为一名出色的组织者。
　 because the experience of being a monitor for many years has made me a brilliant organiser.
the first to win gold medals at the Olympics
I have the ability to keep the class in order
(3)虽然他毕业于重点大学，但我不认为他是接任这一职位的最佳人选。
Though he graduated from a key university，_______________________
.
I don’t think he is the best
choice to take over the post
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863，Abraham Lincoln mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania.He was there in memory of the 1. (die) soldiers.The place was the site of a recent battle 2. thousands of soldiers had died.
At that time，America was 3. (bitter) divided.For two years，its people had been deep in a civil war.The worst battle lasted three days.The Union side won，but 4. a great cost.Over 50,000 soldiers
5. (kill) or wounded，and people lost hope and purpose.
dead
where
bitterly
at
were killed
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people.His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason 6. (look) to the future.He gave them 7. new vision of what the United States of America should be，
8. (base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.It was what the soldiers had died for.Now it was up to the 9.______
(live) to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the
10. (equal) of humankind.
to look
a
based
Living
equality
课文重点词块默写
1.为了纪念……
2.塑造一个国家
3.内战
4.发生
5.付出巨大的代价
6.展望未来
7.制定，规定(规则、原则等)
8.一步一步地
_____________
_____________
_________
__________
_____________
________________
_________
___________
in memory of
shape a nation
look to the future
set down
civil war
take place
at a great cost
step by step
9.是……的责任；由……决定
10.使产生，使出现
11.致力于
12.从事；忙于……
13.在更大的意义上；从更大的角度
14.(故事)说到这儿；(情势)到这一刻
15.继续；开展
16.徒劳；白费力气
________
___________
______________
_____________
_______________
________
_________
_______
be up to
bring forth
be dedicated to
be engaged in
in a larger sense
thus far
carry on
in vain
返 回
Think Share
What was Lincoln’s purpose in giving the speech
Lincoln talked about government “of the people, by the people, for the people”. What does this mean
What other speeches can you think of that stress the importance of breaking boundaries
What efforts to break boundaries are described in the two reading passages in this unit
1. What was Lincoln’s purpose in giving the speech
Think Share
He wanted to give the people hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.
Think Share
2. Lincoln talked about government “of the people, by the people,
for the people”. What does this mean
“Of the people” means that government should be made up of or drawn from the people; “by the people” means that government should be run by ordinary people; “for the people” means that government should use its power for the people’s benefit.
Learning to learn
In English, prepositions can be used to show ideas in a clear and concise way. An example is within the speech: “government of the people, by the people, for the people”
3. What other speeches can you think of that stress the importance
of breaking boundaries
Think Share
Example:
I Have a Dream addressed by Martin Luther King
“I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood”.
4. What efforts to break boundaries are described in the two reading
passages in this unit
Think Share
In the second passage (P58-60), Lincoln called on the people of the United States to strive for a free nation where all men are equal.
In the first passage (P50-52), doctors or other people of different backgrounds worked together to save people in danger.
Give a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US.
Group Work
Step 1: Organise your ideas by answering the
questions.
□ What was the US like before slavery was abolished
□ How was it different afterwards
□ In what ways did the abolition of slavery help to
break boundaries
What was the US like before slavery was abolished
The US was divided into states in the North that prohibited slavery, and states in the South which allowed slavery and depended upon slavery economically. Slavery was a very cruel institution, and caused great human suffering in the states that permitted it. Reliance on slavery also made the South less technologically advanced than the North.
Group Work
How was it different afterwards
Slaves were freed and were regarded as equal under the law, at least in theory. In practice, black Americans continued to suffer great discrimination in the South for the next hundred years, until the birth of the modern civil rights movement in the 1960s. The legacy of slavery continues to affect race relations in the US today.
Group Work
In what ways did the abolition of slavery help to break boundaries
The abolition of slavery made former slaves and their former masters equal before the law. This was the first step towards true equality.
Group Work
Group Work
Step 2: Do research to find more
evidence to support your ideas.
Step 3: Give your talk to the class.
You can do the research online.
You can go to the library and look up for more information.
Or …
V
Homework
Search the Internet to read more about speeches that stress the importance of breaking boundaries.
Write a journal about what you read.
Homework
Thank You!

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