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教学教材：外研版高中英语新教材必修一
教学内容：Unit 1 Food for thought
Modals（1）
Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Think and work
out the meanings of the words in bold.
1　What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)
a 　...I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
b 　But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of
marriage to my mother.
c 　...Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
d 　 ...we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat
inside our bodies, ...
e 　“You needn’t try it if you don’t want to, ”Mum said, ...
Match the meanings to the words in bold.
1 be afraid to do something
2 not be necessary to do something
3 give advice to do or not to do something
4 be necessary or give strong advice to do something
5 have the ability to do something
I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen.
We’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies.
“You needn’t try it if you don’t want to,” Mum said.
b
e
d
c
a
What are modals
In English grammar, a modal, also known as a modal auxiliary or modal verb, is a verb that combines with infinitive without ‘to’ (不带to的不定式) to express possibility, certainty, permission, request, ability and etc.
1. be able to
Meaning: to indicate ability
It should be changed into correct forms according to different situations.
Use ‘be able to’ to fill the blanks.
Up till now, he _________________get in touch with her.
You ____________speak perfect English very soon.
I regret ________________help her.
hasn’t been able to
will be able to
not being able to
be able to V.S. can
Examples：
He can swim.
I’m able to express my idea in a clear way.
I could / was able to play the piano when I was young.
They are used to indicate ability.
【用法辨析】can与 be able to
（ 1）can 与 be able to 都表示能力, 在许多情况下可以交替使用。 但can 只有现在式和过去式（could）, 而be able to 则有更多的形式。
（2）can 一般指自身具有的能力, 而如果要表达将来的能力, 一般要用will be able to。
（ 3）be able to 的过去式 was/were able to 在肯定句中可表示过去设法做成了某事, 相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing sth, 而could 则无此意义。
◆选词填空（be able to/can）
（1）The police are doing all they 　　 　　 to find her.
（2）You must 　 　　　　 　　 speak French for this job.
（3）This time I failed the exam, but I’ll 　　 　　　　 pass the exam next time.
（4）The fire was very big, but most people 　　　　　　　　 escape from it.
（5）I 　　　　　 give you details because I don’t actually have any details.
（6）He 　 　　　　　　　 come again tomorrow because he is busy.
（7）When he was young, he 　　　　 swim very fast.
（8）I’m sorry I 　　 　　　　　　 answer your letter in time.
（9）He said that Tom 　　　 　　　　　 get there on time because he got up late.
can 　
be able to 　
be able to 　
were able to
can’t 　
won’t be able to 　
haven’t been able to 　
could 　
wasn’t able to/couldn’t 　
Benny, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to a lake in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Benny 1______________ set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he 2__________________ stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Benny managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he 3_______________return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he 4______________ take photographs and measure temperatures. Benny has often risked his life in this way. He 5______________ tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
was able to
couldn’t/wasn’t able to
was able to
could
has been able to
2. dare
Meaning: to be brave enough to do sth
Dare he climb the tree ---No, he dare not.
He dare not go there because it is very dangerous.
He doesn’t dare to cross the river.
He dares to cross the river.
（1）dare 作情态动词时, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有过去式dared, 后接动词原形, 否定式为dare not/daren’t, 多用于否定句或疑问句。
I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我害怕得不敢动。
Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告诉她真相吗？
（ 2）dare 作实义动词时, 有时态、人称和数的变化, 后接带to 的不定 式, 否定式要在其前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
I am so afraid that I don’t dare to move. 我害怕得不敢动。
Do you dare to fight him 你敢和他对抗吗？
【学法点拨】 情态动词dare 可用于以下结构：
I dare say... 我想/ 我认为…… How dare you... 你怎么敢……？
I dare say he will fail. 我认为他会失败。 How dare you say such a thing 你怎么敢说这样的话？
◆一句多译
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
（1）　　 　　　 　　　　　　　 　　（dare 作情态动词）
（2）　　　　 　 　　　　　　　 　　（dare 作实义动词）
她晚上敢一个人出去吗？
（3）　　　　　 　　　　　　 　 　　（dare 作情态动词）
（4）　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　（dare 作实义动词）
◆完成句子
（5）He wanted to ask her, but he 　　 　　 　　　　（不敢）.
（6） 　 　　　　　（我认为） you have known about it already.
（7） 　　　　　　　　　　（你竟敢用） my car without asking!
She dare not go out alone at night. 　
She doesn’t dare（to）go out alone at night. 　
Dare she go out alone at night 　
Does she dare（to）go out alone at night 　
dared not/didn’t dare 　
I dare say 　
How dare you use 　
3. have to
Meaning: to indicate obligations.
‘have to’is a semi-modal verb. It is like a modal verb because it fulfils a specific function, but it behaves like an ordinary verb in its formulation.
It has different forms according to number, person and tense:
I have to; he has to; she had to etc.
3. have to
Meaning: to indicate obligations.
② Think : what’s the negative form of ‘have to’
I don’t have to. She doesn’t have to.
③ It can combine with other modal verbs:
You will have to. He might have to.
◆选词填空（have to/must）
（1）This book 　　　　 not be removed from the library.
（2）Jackie is ill so they 　　　　 　 change their plans.
◆完成句子
（3）She 　　　　　　　　 　（必须自己做）. I won’t help her.
（4）She 　　　　　　　　 　（不得不自己做）. She has got no one to help her.
（5）You 　　　 　　　 　　（千万别说） things like that.
（6）You 　　　　　　　　 　（不必说）things like that to me.
must 　
have to 　
must do it herself 　
has to do it herself 　
mustn’t say 　
don’t have to say 　
4. had better
Meaning: to express suggestions, hopes and warnings
Form: had better do sth
She’d better get here soon, or she’ll miss the opening ceremony.
They had better not be late.
◆完成句子
（1）I think you 　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　（最好去找医生看看）about your cough.
（2）We 　　　　　　　　 　（最好现在就走） or we’ll miss the bus.
（3）Before getting the driver’s license, you 　　 　　　　　　 　　（最好不要驾驶）the car on the road.
had better go to the doctor
had better leave now 　
had better not drive 　
5. need
Meaning: to show that sth is necessary
You needn’t seem him, but I must.
Need I finish the work today
You need to see him.
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
【误区警示】
以need 开头的疑问句, 否定回答可用needn’t, 肯定回答用must。
以must 开头的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to。
（ 2）need 作实义动词时, 有人称和数的变化, 后接名词、代词、动 名词、带to 的不定式, 用于陈述句、否定句或疑问句中均可, 否定式和疑问式要借助助动词do/does/did。
need 作实义动词时常用于下列句式：
sb. need（s）to do sth. 某人需要做某事（主语与do 为主动关系）
sth. need（s） doing/to be done 某事/ 某物需要被……（主语与do 为被动关系）
◆完成句子
（1）I love the weekend, because I 　　　　 　 　　　　　　　（不必早起）on Saturdays and Sundays.
（2） 　　　　　　　　　（我需要召集） the children together at once
（3）We 　　　　　　　　　　（不必打扮）. The party has been called off.
（4）I was a little nervous when I announced my engagement to Grace, but I ______________________（本来不必担心）.
（5）—Must I ask for her permission
—No, 　　 　 　　 　（你不必）.
needn’t get up early 　
Need I gather
don’t need to dress up 　
needn’t　
needn’t/don’t have to 　
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.It is raining hard and I 　　　　　stay at home.
2.He is taller than you and he 　　　　　reach the apples on the tree.
3.My friend tells me that he 　　　　　not try spicy food.
4.As students,we 　　　　　work hard at our lessons.
5.The railway station is very near.You 　　　　　not take a taxi.
can,dare,must,need,have to
have to
can　
dare
must
need
Underline the modals in the introduction to an app and talk about their meanings.
Healthy Eating Trainer
Health & Fitness
★★★★☆（96） Download
Details 　 Reviews Related
If you dare not try a “painful” diet to stay healthy, this new app is the perfect solution—and you needn’t pay for it! The app works by quickly showing photos of different food. All you have to do is select the photos of healthy food. Then you’ll be able to train your brain to select healthy food in real situations. So, if you’re a sugar addict and aren’t able to say no to chocolate or cola, you had better download it now!
翻译句子
1.那个小女孩晚上不敢出去。
答案 The little girl dare not go out at night.
2.你最好每天早晨锻炼半小时。
答案 You had better work out for half an hour every morning.
3.把字典带给她。她或许会用得着。
答案 Take the dictionary to her.She may use it.
4.你没有必要去了,会议快要结束了。
答案 You needn’t go because the meeting is about to end.
5.火车票售完了,我不得不乘飞机。
答案 The train tickets have been sold out,so I have to go by air.
随堂练习
Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct form of the modals in Activity 1.
While going on your first trip to the UK is exciting, new and different customs can also be confusing. Table manners are no exception. But don’t worry—here are some tips：
· You 1 　　　　 wait until everyone else has been served before you start eating.
·Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you 2 　　　　 pick them up in case you get it
wrong. The trick is to start with the ones on the outside.
·When you finish your meal, you 3 　　　　　 place the knife and fork together on your plate with the handles at the four o’clock position.
Table manners, however, can differ in different situations. For example, you 4 　　　　　　 use a knife and fork when eating a hamburger or pizza. Just remember：when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and you will 5 　　　　　　 enjoy the local cuisine!
have to
dare not
had better
needn’t
be able to
Food comments
Read and match the comments to the pictures.
□ 1 Backyard BBQ, Kansas City, US
★★★★☆ 56 reviews
The most tender steak I’ve ever had! The barbecue gives it that famous
smoky flavour, and it comes with a shiny sauce that’s very, very spicy!
□ 2 Bund 59, Shanghai, China
★★★★★ 98 reviews
A bowl of soup with a large, round meatball! The meatball is cooked
through, which looked slightly pink inside. Incredibly soft and juicy—
it melts in the mouth!
c
a
□ 3 Antonio’s Pizzeria, London, UK
★★☆☆☆ 86 reviews
Worst pizza ever! I ordered a large vegetarian pizza, but it was tiny!
It was served cold and came with some sort of sticky sauce
which tasted bitter and smelt really fishy!
□ 4 Madame Laurent’s Bakery, Paris, France
★★★★★ 95 reviews
You’ve got to try the strawberry cheesecake. It’s smooth and
creamy with fresh strawberries, which give it a lovely sweet
and fruity taste. Highly recommended!
d
b
Underline the words that describe food in Activity 4 and put them into the table. Add any more you can think of.
Appearance Smell Taste Feel
shiny, large, round, pink, tiny, fresh
可补充： transparent burnt, bright colourful, thick
fishy
可补充： stinky, fragrant, pungent
smoky, spicy, bitter, sweet fruity
可补充： sour, hot, tasty, raw, salty
tender, soft, juicy, cold, sticky, smooth, creamy
可补充： greasy, crispy, hard, chewy, rubbery
Listen to the conversation and tick the food and drinks ordered.
a glass of water
a salad without
dressing
a salad with dressing
a glass of juice
yoghurt
a glass of cola
a double hamburger
with French fries
Listen again and complete the notes.
Now talk about what Harriet says to persuade Janet. Listen again if necessary.
fat
chemicals
amount
soft drinks
taste
harmful

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