资源简介

(共66张PPT)
Reading
Unit 7 The natural world
Simon is reading an article about the three main ecosystems on earth. Here is the article. Before reading, think about the questions below.
1 What kinds of things do you think are in an ecosystem
In an ecosystem, there are plants, animals, microorganisms（微生物）, soil, water, and air. （答案不唯一）
2 What do you know about oceans, wetlands/'wetl ndz/ and forests
Oceans cover a large part of the Earth. There are many kinds of fish and other sea creatures. Wetlands are areas with water and they’re home to many birds and other animals. Forests have a lot of trees, wild animals, and different plants. They are important for the air we breathe and for wildlife habitats.（答案不唯一）
The big three: oceans, wetlands and forests
An ecosystem includes/ n'klu dz/ all the living and non-living/n n 'l v / things in an area.
Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds /p ndz/ to large grasslands.
长难句分析：这是一个主系表结构的句子。主语是Ecosystems，谓语是can be，of different sizes 是表语，from small ponds to large grasslands 是一个补充说明成分。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment.
The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth. It covers around / 'ra nd/ 71% of the earth‘s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen.
=play a role,“发挥作用”
~~~~~~~~~~
keep the balance between...and...
保持……和……之间的平衡
~~~~~~~~~
~~~~
It holds /h ldz/ plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the lands and then returns /r 't nz/ to the ocean. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth.
长难句分析：这是一个并列句。第一个分句是“It holds plenty of salt water”，通过连词“and”连接后面的句子。在第二个分句中，包含三个并列谓语动词“rises”，“falls”和“returns” 。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
“持续不断”
~~~~~~~~~
TIP
Similes create similarity between two different things by using words such as like and as and help the reader better understand the content.
Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth‘s land area. But they are home to about 40% of the world’s plants and animals. Plants in wetlands help get rid/r d/ of pollution and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent /pr 'vent/ floods.
During heavy rains, wetlands store/st (r)/ water like giant sponges /'sp nd z/. They act / kt/ like the “kidneys /'k dniz/” of the earth.
~~~~~~~~~
~~~
make sb./sth.+ adj.“使某人/物……”
Forests make up nearly a third of the earth‘s land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide /kɑ b n da ' ksa d/ from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap /tr p/ pollution in their leaves and help clean the air. Therefore/' e f (r)/ , people often call forests the “lungs /l z/ “ of the earth.
Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
make sb./sth.+ n.
“使/让某人/某物成为……”
思考：Besides the oceans, wetlands and forests, what other ecosystems do you know
I also know the grassland ecosystem, the desert ecosystem, the river ecosystem, the lake ecosystem, the urban （城市的） ecosystem and agricultural（农业的） ecosystem.（答案不唯一）
从教材语篇挖中考设问
[新考法 行文方式] How does the author show the importance of oceans, wetlands and forests
A. By making comparisons.
B. By giving definitions.
C. By presenting data and functions.
D. By telling historical facts.
C
A Look at the picture and choose the correct descriptions for each ecosystem. Write the correct letters in the boxes.
a Cover 71% of the earth‘s surface
b Cover nearly a third of the earth’s land area
c Help clean the water
d Help make the air clean
e Help prevent floods
f Produce about 70% of the earth‘s oxygen
g The “heart” of the earth
h The ”lungs“ of the earth
i The “kidneys” of the earth
b, d, h
a, f, g
c, e, i
B Read the article again. Choose the correct answers to the questions.
1 What is an ecosystem made up of
a Oceans, wetlands and forests.
b Plants and animals.
c Living and non-living things.
c
2 Why is the ocean the largest ecosystem of the three
a It holds plenty of the earth’s water.
b It makes up about 71% of the earth‘s surface.
c It is home to many kinds of plants and animals.
3 What do wetlands do during floods
a They make the water clean. b They hold water.
c They get rid of water.
b
b
4 “They also trap pollution in their leaves and help clean the air.” Which word can we use to replace the word ”trap“
a keep b drive c produce
5 Where can we read this kind of article
a In a newspaper. b In a travel blog.
c In a geography magazine.
a
c
从教材习题B中学中考解题策略
关键词定位法
关键词定位法是指通过识别和理解题目中的关键信息（即关键词），然后在文章或段落中迅速找到这些关键词，从而定位到与题目相关的内容，进而找到答案的方法。如第1小题，我们可以通过题干中的“an ecosystem”，定位到文章的第一段，然后快速找到关键信息“living and non-living things”，即可选出答案c。
C Simon is listening to a podcast about the ocean plete the script below with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.
The biggest ecosystem
Hello listeners! Welcome to Science with Doctor Ted. Today I‘Il talk to you about the biggest ecosystem on our planet.
balance be home to surface oxygen
get rid of take in store role
talk to sb. about sth. 向某人谈论某事
~~~~~~~~~~~
Do you know what it is Yes, it’s the ocean. It covers the largest area of the earth’s (1) __________ and holds 97% of the earth‘s water. It (2) __________ many animals and plants.
Do you know that some of the plants in the ocean produce (3) __________ for the animals living there What’s more, the ocean can (4) __________ 25%-30% of carbon dioxide and (5) __________ heat.
balance be home to surface oxygen
get rid of take in store role
surface
is home to
oxygen
take in
store
It plays an important (6) __________ in slowing down climate change.
Sadly/'s dli/, we‘re facing a serious problem with ocean pollution. There are millions of tons/t nz/ of plastic in the ocean and it’s very difficult to (7) __________ it. It‘s time for us to take action and protect the ocean.
balance be home to surface oxygen
get rid of take in store role
“减速”
~~~~~~~
=a lot of/lots of 大量的
~~~~~~~
role
get rid of
If we don’t, the plastic will harm/hɑ m/ the (8) __________ of the ocean ecosystem.
balance be home to surface oxygen
get rid of take in store role
长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句主语是 the plastic，谓语是will harm，宾语是the balance，of the ocean ecosystem 是介词短语作后置定语；从句是由If引导的条件状语从句。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
balance
D Think about the questions below. Share your answers with your classmates.
1 Why are the three ecosystems important for the earth
Because each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the
greater environment. （答案不唯一）
2 What are some of the non-living things in an ecosystem Are they important Give reasons.
Some non-living things in an ecosystem include water, air, soil, and sunlight. They are extremely important. For example, sunlight is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems.（答案不唯一）
3 How do human activities affect the ecosystems Give an example.
Human activities can have both positive and negative impacts on ecosystems. Here is an example of the negative impact: Humans cut down large areas of forests for various reasons such as building houses and making furniture. This destroys the habitats of many wild animals and plants. （答案不唯一）
1 include / n'klu d/ vt. 包括(教材P94)
(观察)· The school includes 30 teachers and 500 students.
这所学校包括30 名老师和500 名学生。
· Her hobbies include music and painting.
她的爱好包括音乐和绘画。
探究一 核心单词
· There are all kinds of animals in the zoo, including bears, lions and so on.
动物园里有许多种动物，包括熊、狮子等。
· A visit to Beijing must be included in our plan.
参观北京必须列入我们的计划。
归纳拓展
include 作动词，意为“包括；包含”，强调一个整体包含着若干个独立部分，或者一个东西包含着另一个东西的一部分。
including 是include 的动名词形式，但通常独立用作介词，意为“包括……在内”，常和前面的内容用逗号隔开。
include... in 是一个动词短语，意为“把……包括在内”。
学会运用1: Our group _______ Tom and Tim. There are altogether 8 students.
A. included B. includes C. including D. include
学会运用2: Ten friends went to her birthday party, ____________ (include) me.
学会表达3: 报告应当把AI 学习列入我们的计划。
The report should ____________ the AI studying ___________ our plan.
B
including
include
in
2 around / 'ra nd/ adv. 大约( 教材P94)
(观察)· It took me around an hour to finish my homework.
我花了大约一个小时完成作业。
· A big tree might make around 100kg of O2 every year.
一棵大树一年能够产生大约100 公斤氧气。
· The children are playing around the garden. 孩子们在花园周围玩耍。
· He looked around but saw nothing.他环顾四周可是什么也没有看见。
归纳拓展
around 作副词，意为“大约”，用于表示数量、时间、
年龄等的不确切或近似数。
around 还可以作介词，意为“在……周围”。
look around 意为“环视；向四周看”。
学会运用4: Ten years later, ____________ (大约) 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered.
学会表达5: [河北改编] Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river.（翻译）
_________________________________________
around/about
现在有超过20 种鸟生活在这条河流的周围。
3 hold /h ld/ vt. 容纳；拿着；举行(教材P94)
(观察)· The room can hold 200 people.
这个房间可以容纳200 人。
· He held a pen in one hand and a ruler in the other.
他一只手拿着钢笔另一只手拿着尺子。
· We’ll hold a sports meeting next week.
下周我们要举行运动会。
· The roof couldn’t hold the weight of snow.
屋顶承载不了雪的重量。
· Hold on, please. I’ll get my friend.
请别挂断，我去叫我的朋友。
· They decided to hold off the meeting until next Sunday.
他们决定把会议推迟到下个星期天。
归纳拓展
hold 作动词，有以下几种意义：
(1) 容纳：指某个空间的大小能装下一些人或物；
(2) 拿着：指用手拿着某些物品；
(3) 举行：指举行会议或活动；
(4) 承载、支撑：指承载某种物体的重量。
hold on 别挂断电话；稍等 hold off = put off 推迟
学会运用6: [山西改编] The CR450 can travel at a top speed of 453 kilometers an hour and it can ______ (容纳) many passengers.
学会运用7: He is __________ (拿着) a letter in his hand and waving to us.
学会表达8: 由于天气原因，我们只好把运动会推迟到下周。
We had to __________ _____________ the sports meeting till next week because of the weather.
hold
holding
hold off / put off
4 return /r 't n/ vi. 返回，回去，回来( 教材P94)
(观察)· He returned to his hometown after many years.
多年以后他返回了家乡。
· You must return the book to the library before Monday.
周一以前你必须把书还给图书馆。
· He returned to good health after a long illness.
长时间的疾病后，他恢复了健康。
· What can I do in return for your kindness
我怎样做才能回报你的好意呢？
归纳拓展
return 作动词，意为“返回”，常用短语：return to +地点，意为“返回某地”。return 还可以表示“归还”，构成短语：
return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
in return 作为回报
学会运用9: [天津] We _________ the books to the library after we read them.
A. returned B. pointed
C. waved D. caught
学会表达10: 然后他们返回到他们自己的座位。
Then they __________ __________ their own seats.
A
returned to
5 prevent /pr 'vent/ vt. 防止，阻止(教材P95)
(观察)· The government are taking action to prevent pollution.
政府正在采取措施防止污染。
· We tried to prevent him, but we failed.
我们试图阻止他，可是没有成功。
· The rain prevented us from going out to play.
雨阻止了我们外出玩耍。
归纳拓展
prevent 作动词，意为“防止，阻止”，后面可以直接加名词或代词作宾语。prevent sb. from doing sth. 是其常用短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”。
学会运用11: We should try our best ___________ (prevent) home fires.
学会表达12: 父母总是试图阻止孩子玩太多游戏。
Parents always try to _________ their children _________ _________ games too much.
to prevent
prevent from
playing
6 store /st (r)/ vt. 贮存(教材P95)
(观察)· The pond stores much rainwater in summer.
这个池塘夏天储存很多雨水。
· The little squirrel stores up food in a tree hole in winter.
冬天小松鼠把食物存在一个树洞里。
· You can see a book store across from the bank.
在银行对面你可以看到一家书店。
· I went to the store to buy some groceries.
我去商店买了一些杂货。
归纳拓展
store 作动词，意为“贮存；存储”，后面可以直接接名词作宾语。store up 意为“储存；积累”。
store 还可以作名词，意为“商店；仓库”。
学会运用13: You should s these fruits in the fridge to keep them fresh.
学会表达14: 动物们需要为冬天贮存食物。
Animals need _________ _________ _________ food for winter.
tore
to store up
7 act / kt/ vi. 起作用；行动 vi. & vt. 扮演 (教材P95)
(观察)· The medicine acts mainly on the central nervous system.
这种药主要作用于中枢神经系统。
· We need to act quickly to solve the problem.
我们需要立即行动来解决问题。
· The new student acts very well in class.
那个新生在班里表现很好。
· The government must take action to prevent pollution.
政府必须采取措施制止污染。
· He acted the part of a doctor in the TV play.
在那部电视剧中他扮演了医生的角色。
· She acted as the team leader during the match.
比赛期间她担任队长。
归纳拓展
act 可以作不及物动词，意为“起作用；行动”，也可以作及物动词，意为“扮演”，主要表示以下意义：
(1)起作用：表示某种东西或话语对另一种东西或某人产生影响；
(2)行动：表示采取行动来解决问题或实现目标；
(3)表现：表示人的行为方式，描述人的举止或态度；
(4)扮演：表示在戏剧或电影中扮演某个角色。
take action 采取行动 act like 表现得像……
act as 充当；担任 act out 表演出来
学会运用15: The medicine a quickly on her, and she felt better.
学会运用16: We should take __________ (act) to protect animals in danger.
学会表达17: 在自然界中，森林扮演了自然卫士的角色。
In nature, forests __________ __________ the natural guardians.
cted
action
act as
8 harm /hɑ m/ vt. & n. 伤害，损害(教材P97)
(观察)· Running too much may harm your knees.
跑步过多可能伤害你的膝盖。
· Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes.
在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。
·Smoking harms our health. 吸烟有害我们的健康。
· Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害我们的健康。
归纳拓展
harm可以作动词或名词，意为“伤害；损害”，其形容词形式是harmful，意为“有害的”。
do harm to 意为“对……有害”，此时harm 是名词；be harmful to 意为“对……有害”。两个短语后面都接名词或代词宾格作宾语。
学会运用18: Many people worry that too much screen time will __________ (harm) their children.
学会运用19: Fire is __________ (harm). Keep your children away from it.
学会表达20: 喝太多果汁对儿童的牙齿有害。
Drinking too much juice can _________ __________ __________________ children’s teeth.
harm
harmful
do harm
to/ be harmful to
1 get rid of 清除；摆脱(教材P95)
(观察)· You must get rid of your bad habit of getting up late.
你必须改掉晚起的坏习惯。
· The cleaners are getting rid of the snow on the road.
清洁工正在清除路上的积雪。
· The hunter wanted to get rid of the wolf, but he couldn’t.
猎人想要摆脱那头狼，但是他不能。
探究二 核心短语
归纳拓展
get rid of 意为“清除；摆脱；丢弃”，表示清除某种不良影响；摆脱某人或某种困境；丢弃不想要的物品等。
· John decided to get rid of his old books.
约翰决定清理他的旧书。
学会运用1: He threw away the clothes because they are old.
（选出同义短语）______
A. looked out of B. took care
C. got rid of D. kept away
学会表达2: 我们必须要清除这个地区的污染。
We must _________ _________ _________ the pollution in this area.
C
get rid of
2 make up 占据(某种比例) (教材P95)
(观察)· Women teachers make up a half of the teachers
in this school. 女教师占据了本校教师的一半。
· The teacher made up a funny story for his new lesson.
老师为他的新课编了一个有趣的故事。
· We need two more players to make up a soccer team.
我们还需要两名队员来组成足球队。
归纳拓展
make up 的意思主要有：
(1) 占据总量中的一定分量； (2) 编造故事或借口；
(3) 组成(一个集体或团队)； (4) 化妆；打扮。
· She spends too much time making up in the morning.
早上她花太多时间来化妆。
学会运用3: The big bed ________ almost half of her bedroom.
A. cuts up B. puts up
C. turns up D. makes up
学会表达4: 尽管你迟到了，可是你不应当编造借口。
Although you were late, you shouldn’t ________ ________ excuses.
D
make
up
3 millions of 数以百万计的(教材P97)
(观察)· You can see millions of stars in the sky at night.
晚上在天空中你会看到数以百万计的星星。
· There are about two million people in this city.
这座城市大约有200 万人。
· Thousands of tourists come to Beijing every year.
每年成千上万的游客来北京。
归纳拓展
hundred (百)、thousand (千)、million (百万) 都是表示数量的词，它们的用法是：表示具体数量时不使用复数，表示笼统数量时要使用复数，且后面要加介词of。
· In summer, you can see hundreds of ducks on the river.
夏天，在河面上你会看到成百上千的鸭子。
学会运用5: People plant ______ trees on Tree Planting Day every year.
A. hundred B. hundreds of
C. hundreds D. hundred of
学会表达6: 冬天，数以百万计的鸟儿飞向南方。
In winter, ________ ________ birds fly to the south.
B
millions of
1 Do you know what it is 你知道它是什么吗？(教材P97)
(分析结构) 这是一个含有宾语从句的句子，主句是Do you know，从句是what it is, 时态是一般现在时。what 引导的宾语从句作动词know 的宾语，从句中it 是主语，is 是系动词。it is 是陈述语序。
~~~~~ ~~~
~~~~~~ ~~~~~~
~~~
~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~
探究三 核心句式
· Do you know where he is from 你知道他来自哪里吗？
· Please tell me which shirt I should buy.
请告诉我应当买哪件衬衫。
· Could you tell me what you did yesterday
你能告诉我昨天你干什么了吗？
· Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
我们的老师告诉我们地球围着太阳转。
归纳拓展
宾语从句，即一个句子作一个动词的宾语，使用宾语从句要注意以下几点：
(1)主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句可以使用任何时态。
(2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句通常使用过去的某种时态，但若表达客观真理或事实，仍使用一般现在时。
(3)宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即“主语+ 谓语+其他成分.”。
学会运用1: [连云港] —John, can you tell me _______ in the future
—I want to be a football player.
A. what will you do B. where will you go
C. what you will do D. where you will go
学会表达2: 请告诉我银行在哪里。
Please tell me _____________________.
C
where the bank is
2 It’s time for us to take action and protect the ocean. 是我们采取行动和保护海洋的时候了。(教材P97)
(分析结构) 这是一个简单句，句子类型是陈述句，时态是一般现在时。It 是主语，用来谈论时间，is 是系动词，time 是表语。for 是介词，意为“对于”，后面使用人称代词的宾格，说明动作的执行者。
~~~~ ~~~~
~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~
~~~ ~~
~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~
·It’s time to have lunch. 该吃午饭了。
·It’s time for children to go to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
·It’s time for Chinese class. 该上语文课了。
归纳拓展
“It’s time （for sb.) + 动词不定式.”是一种常用的句式结构，意为“（某人）该做某事了”。也可以直接使用“It’s time for + 名词.”。
学会运用3: It’s time for governments _______ action against
climate change.
A. to take B. take C. takes D. taking
学会表达4: It’s time to have an English class. （改为同义句）
_________________________________________
学会表达5: 到了我们做运动的时候了。（翻译句子）
_________________________________________
A
It’s time for an English class.
It’s time for us to do sports.

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