2025高考全国一卷 长难句解析

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2025高考全国一卷 长难句解析

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2025年高考英语全国I卷
试题长难句解析
一、阅读理解A篇
【原句】
"As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions." (27词)
【结构解析】
主句: "it faces particular problems with transportation"
状语从句: "As the world races to decarbonize everything"(时间状语)
非限制性定语从句: "which accounts for...emissions"(修饰transportation,破折号表强调)
语义重点: 全球脱碳进程中,交通领域因占比高(25%)成特殊难题。
翻译: 当世界竞相实现全面脱碳时,交通领域面临特殊挑战——它占人类能源相关温室气体排放量的约四分之一。
二、阅读理解B篇
【原句】
"They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important." (22词)
【结构解析】
虚拟语气: "could have written"(本可以写,实际未写)
转折连词: "but" 引导对比
插入语: "in and of itself"(强调写作本身)
谓语结构: "didn't strike them as important"(strike sb.as...表“使某人觉得”)
语义重点: 学生认为计算机重要,但写作本身未引发其重视。
翻译: 他们本可以就计算机的必要性写上好几页,但写作本身并未让他们觉得重要。
三、阅读理解C篇
【原句】
"Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion 'New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.'" (28词)
【结构解析】
现在分词短语: "Describing...expressway"(作原因状语,说明呼吁的背景)
谓语结构: "called on her mayor to champion..."(call on sb.to do 表“呼吁某人做”)
直接引语: 引号内为具体主张内容(包含对比结构 not just...)
语义重点: 市民抗议以高速公路取代公园,呼吁建设宜居城市。
翻译: 简·雅各布斯对公园将被高速公路取代的提议感到震惊,呼吁市长将纽约打造成“宜居之地,而非匆匆穿行的通道”。
四、阅读理解D篇
【原句】
"Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics." (19词)
【结构解析】
副词开头: "Crucially"(突出重要性)
谓语结构: "relies on"(依赖)
后置定语: "containing enough calcium carbonate"(修饰water)
目的状语: "to trap the plastics"(说明碳酸钙的作用)
语义重点: 煮沸法有效性取决于水中碳酸钙含量。
翻译: 关键在于,该方法依赖于水中含有足量碳酸钙以捕获塑料微粒。
五、七选五
【原句】
"One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her." (25词)
【结构解析】
主语从句: "One thing Murphy may not know"
表语从句: "that her smile is contagious..."(包含并列谓语 is / can be)
比较结构: "having a much better day than..."(强调微笑带来的改变)
语义重点: 微笑的感染力能改变学生一天的心情。
翻译: 墨菲可能不知道的是,她的微笑具有感染力,它能让学生见到她之后的一天变得比之前好得多。
六、语法填空
【原句】
"Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition." (38词)
【结构解析】
主句: "Tu says that..."
宾语从句: 包含三个并列主语(balance / beauty / energy flow)
后置定语:
"between the black and white pieces"(修饰balance)
"in the strategic placement..."(修饰beauty)
"following each move"(修饰energy flow)
谓语: "inspired artists to create..."(inspire sb.to do sth.)
并列宾语: 四种艺术品类型(oil paintings...prints)
语义重点: 围棋的三大特质(平衡、布局美、能量流动)激发艺术创作。
翻译: 涂宁宁表示,黑白棋子间的平衡、棋子战略性布局的美感,以及每步棋带来的能量流动,激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图片和丝网版画。
七、完形填空
【原句】
"I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn't come with us." (20词)
【结构解析】
谓语结构: "take joy in knowing..."(take joy in 表“从...获得快乐”)
宾语从句: "that...someone is appreciating something"
定语从句: "that couldn't come with us"(修饰something)
语义重点: 因旧物被他人珍视而获得情感满足。
翻译: 想到附近有人正欣赏着我们无法带走的物品,我便感到欣慰。
长难句共性突破技巧:
定位主干:
删除插入语(如破折号/逗号隔开部分)、修饰语(介词短语/定语从句),提取 “谁做了什么” 核心结构。
例:D篇句子主干 → "this process relies on the water"
解构从句:
若句子超过3个动词,必有从句。用括号标出从句范围,明确修饰对象。
例:七选五句子 → "One thing (Murphy may not know) is [that her smile is...before seeing her]."
破解专业术语:
科技术语(如 calcium carbonate)通过上下文判断功能(如D篇的"trap plastics"说明其吸附作用)。
情感信号词:
副词(crucially)、情感动词(strike sb.as, take joy in)提示作者态度,是解题关键。

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