资源简介

(共44张PPT)
YOO
YOO
YOO
YOO
Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structure
定语从句
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：______、______、_____、______、______、______、补语、同位语、插入语。
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
1. 谓语：句子的主体，表明整个句子的动作或状态。
1) Action speaks louder than words.
2) The chance may never come again.
3) Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
2. 主语：动作的发出者。位于谓语动词之前。
1) Walls have ears.
2) He will take you to the hospital.
3) Three plus four equals seven.
4) To see is to believe.
5) Smoking is not allowed in public places.
3. 宾语：动作的接受者。常置于谓语后或介词后。
1) She covered her face with her hands.
2) We haven't seen her for a long time.
3) Do you mind opening the window
4) Give me four please.
5) He wants to dream a nice dream.
6) We need to know what others are doing.
7) We should care more about our friends.
8) They found the house broken in.
4. 表语：说明主语的特征、状态等。一般置于系动词后。
1) My father is a professor.
2) Who's that It's me.
3) Everything here is expensive.
4) The match became very exciting.
5) The story of my life may be of help to others.
6) Three times five is fifteen.
7) His plan is to seek work in the city.
8) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
5. 定语：对名词或代词起修饰作用。可能位于名词或代词前或后
1) They are women workers.
2) Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
3) Mary is a beautiful girl.
4) The play has three acts.
5) This is her first trip to Europe.
6) China is a developing country.
7) I have nothing to eat.
8) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
找出下列句子中的定语
1. Strange things were happening in the countryside.
2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
3. Some people saw bright lights in the sky.
4. More buildings fell down.
5. All hope was not lost.
6. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.
7. The woman in the room is my mother.
定语 vs. 定语从句
catalog
什么是定语？
什么是定语从句？
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分，翻译时常常带有“的”。
形容词
名词
介词短语
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
当用来修饰名词或代词的成分是一个完整的句子时，我们将这个成分称为定语从句。
找出下列句子中的定语从句
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma can not forget.
The couple who lives next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A docter with whom James used to worked died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
定语从句的介绍
catalog
定语
从句
定义
结构
定语从句的其他内容
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
定语从句中的先行词
catalog
I showed him the letter.
I received the letter this morning.
我展示给他我今天早上收到的信。
Do you know the man who spoke just now
Do you know the man
The man spoke just now.
你知道刚刚讲话的男人吗？
I have read the newspaper (which) carries the important news.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
I have read the newspaper.
The newspaper carries the important news.
我已经读过带有重要新闻的报纸了。
①
②
③
先行词即为两个句子中重复的那部分内容。想要得到一个准确的定语从句，只在主句中出现一次先行词，从句中用关系词替代，置于先行词后。
划出以下句子中先行词、关系词以及定语从句
先行词
先行词
先行词
先行词
关系词
关系词
关系词
关系词
1.Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage
2.This is the museum which was built last year.
3.I’ll forever remember the days when I studied abroad.
4.He was late, which made his teacher angry.
划出以下句子中先行词、关系词以及定语从句
①　There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
②　Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.
③　Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
④　The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
⑤　The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
⑥　Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Romansch is a language. This language comes from Latin.
Bolivia is a South American country. This country does not have a coastline.
A coach is a person. This person trains athletes to perform well in sports
The movie was Spiderman. We saw this movie on television last night.
The number was incorrect. Paul gave me this number.
The story was extremely interesting. Samir told this story.
The food got cold. We bought the food for dinner.
将下列简单句合成定语从句
Romansch is a language that/which comes from Latin.
Bolivia is a south American country, that/which does not have a coastline.
A coach is a person who/that trains athletes to perform well in sports.
The movie that/which we saw on television last night was spiderman.
The number that/which Paul gave me was incorrect.
The story that/which Samir told was extremely interesting.
The food that/which we bought for dinner got cold.
将下列定语从句拆成简单句
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
The boy who you met last night is a group leader that studies very hard.
Music is the only thing that interests me.
The foreigner is from Canada.
The foreigner visited our school yesterday.
The boy is called Michael.
The boy broke the window.
The girl is Jim’s sister.
We saw the girl yesterday.
The boy is a group leader.
You met the boy last night.
The group leader studies very hard.
Music is the only thing.
The only thing interests me.
关系代词
PART 01
定语从句中的关系代词—— that
I like the man that can always smile in trouble.
Yesterday I read a book that was about nature.
This is the best book that I have ever read.
I knew the girl that you saw in our school.
指人；做定语从句中的主语
指物；做定语从句中的主语
指物；做定语从句中的宾语
指人；做定语从句中的宾语
that在定语从句中的使用：
既可指人，又可指物
在定语从句中作主语或宾语
定语从句中的关系代词—— which
I love the book which has beautiful pictures.
This is a car which I bought last month.
指物；做定语从句中的主语
指物；做定语从句中的宾语
which在定语从句中的使用：
只能指物
在定语从句中作主语或宾语
定语从句中的关系代词—— who
Do you know the girl who just come in
This is the boy who you are waiting for.
指人；做定语从句中的主语
指人；做定语从句中的宾语
who在定语从句中的使用：
只能指人
在定语从句中作主语或宾语
定语从句中的关系代词—— whom
She is the girl whom I saw yesterday.
指人；做定语从句中的宾语
whom在定语从句中的使用：
只能指人
在定语从句中只能作宾语
定语从句中的关系代词—— whose
I have a friend whose father is a doctor.
He lives in a house whose windows face sea.
指人；做定语从句中的定语
指物；做定语从句中的定语
whose在定语从句中的使用：
既可指人，又可指物
在定语从句中作定语
定语从句中的关系代词总结
关系代词 先行词 在句子所做的成分
人、物
主语、宾语
宾语
定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
主语、宾语
物
人
主语、宾语
人
人、物
1. Is this the factory _________ you visited last week
2. Our class is a big family__________ consists of 23 girls and 29 boys.
3. Yao Hui is the boy ______ English study is very good in our class.
4. Do you know the boy _________ threw the stone at the window
5.I am looking for the cake __________ I bought yesterday.
6.The woman ______________ you met yesterday is my aunt.
7. There are many volunteers _________ are helping the poor children.
8.The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
which/that
which/that
whose
who/that
定语从句练习①
who/whom/that
which/that
whose
who/that
Attention!!!
关系代词的选择（特殊情况）
宜用that,不用which的情况：
Do you have anything ___________ you don’t understand
(1) 先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等, that来把which踹。
that
This is the first tree __________ he has planted.
This is the best film __________ I have ever seen.
(2)先行词前序高级，使用that必无疑。
that
that
(3)先行词有人和物，that来当顶梁柱。
The film star and her film _______you have just talked about are well-known.
that
(4)先行词有only, last, & very，用that指物who指人。
The only thing__________you can do is to be careful next time.
that
(5)who, which开头疑问句，that来引导定从句。
Who is the man__________is standing there
that
Attention!!!
关系代词的选择（特殊情况）
宜用that,不用which的情况：
(6)先行词为all, every, no, some, any, little, much等词或被这些词修饰,that来引导定语从句
.I’ve read all the books ________ you lend me.
that
Attention!!!
关系代词的选择（特殊情况）
宜用which,不用that的情况：
1.非限制性定语从句中，前面有逗号，指物只能用which。
2.当关系词前面有介词时，指物只能用which。
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
Those are many trees _______________ they can have a rest under.
that / which
Attention!!!
关系代词的选择（特殊情况）
宜用who, 不用that的情况：
①先行词是one，the one, ones , anyone , those等代词
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
②在非限制性定语从句中
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，_____________省略；(能/不能)
做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中________________省略，在非限制性定语从句中__________省略。
不能
能
不能
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，_____________省略；(能/不能)
做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中________________省略，在非限制性定语从句中__________省略。
不能
能
不能
1.He is a good student who likes to help others.
2.They are good students who like to help others.
3.He is one of the students who were praised.
4.He is the one/ the only one of the students who was praised.
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与_________在人称和数上保持一致。
定语从句小贴士
1.He is a good student who likes to help others.
2.They are good students who like to help others.
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句的谓语通常与_________在人称和数上保持一致。
先行词
Fill in the blanks
1. This is all __________ I know about the accident.
2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.
3. You must watch everything carefully __________ the teacher does in class.
4. This is one of the most exciting football games __________ I have ever seen.
5. I saw a desk on __________ there was a book.
6. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.
7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people __________ he had visited.
8. This is the very film _______ I've long wished to see.
9.The weather turned out to be very good, _________ was more than we could expect.
that
that
that
that
which
that
that
that
which
定语从句练习②
11．Around me in the picture are the things _____ were very important in my life at that time.
12．It was a pity that the policeman failed to find the person_____ the witness had described.
13．Those _________ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 pm.
14．His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist　　　　 ___________ studies how to reduce litter.
15．She is the woman the name of _____ is known all over the country.
16．We’ve reached the Nullabor Plain ________ stretches for 1,000 km and is completely flat.
17．He is one of those _____ like innovation.
18．This is the boy ___________ father died three years ago.
19．I don’t like cities __________ have a lot of factories.
20．The professor __________ daughter has gone abroad is very famous in China.
定语从句练习②
whom
who
who/that
whom
that/which
who
whose
that/which
whose
21．She is the only one of the children _____ is good at music here.
22．Could you please pass me the book ___________ cover is green
23．The reason ___________ he put forward at the meeting is not clear.
24．I hope to get such a car __________ he is driving.
25．We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills_____ can be used for either good or bad purposes.
26．People want to listen to someone _________ is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.
27．People________ knew him as a child remembered him as silent, serious and thoughtful.
28．Do you have anything ___________ you want me to take to your younger brother
29．The way ___________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
30．The first place ___________ we visited in China was the Great Wall.
定语从句练习②
who
whose
that/which
as
that/which
who
who/that
that
that
that
关系副词
PART 02
定语从句中的关系副词—— when、where、why
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
He returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
先行词是时间；做定语从句中的时间状语。
关系副词使用的前提是定语从句在成分上是完整的。
当先行词是时间名词时，用when做关系副词，在句中做时间状语；
当先行词是地点名词时，用where做关系副词，在句中做地点状语；
当先行词是reason时，用why做关系副词，在句中做原因状语；
先行词是地点；做定语从句中的地点状语。
先行词是reason；做定语从句中的原因状语。
1．We visited the house ________ the famous scientist once lived.
2．The photo reminded me of the days ________ I played hide－
and－seek with my brother and I stayed for six years.
3．It was a period ________ they had discussion very frequently.
4．Can you explain to me the reason ___________ she decided to quit her job all of a sudden
where
when
when
why
定语从句练习③
1. when相当于“ at/in/on/during等 + which”
I remember the day ________________ I settled in China.
2. where 相当于“ in/at/on等 + which”
The house ________________ Mark lived is now a library.
3. why 相当于“for + which”
Is that the reason ________________ she suddenly changed her mind
when (=on which)
where (=in which)
why (=for which)
关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句时，也可用“介词+which”代替关系副词。
关系副词与关系代词的转换
关系副词=介词+关系代词
①根据先行词的搭配关系：
1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys.
2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you.
3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone.
on which
on which
with which
(on the day 在那天)
(on the farm 在农场)
(with the money 用钱)
介词的使用
②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯
Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10
2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10
3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
on which
for which
for which
spend on
pay for
be famous for
③根据句子的意思来确定
Air, _____________ which man can’t live, is really important.
空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。
2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。
without
with
介词的使用
④表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词 “of”
He has two sons, __________________ graduated from Peking University.
他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。
2) Tom wrote many children’s books, nearly ___________________ were about campus culture.
汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。
both of whom
half of which
1．There was a time _________ I was crazy about pop music.
2．This is the house _________ I was born.
3．Can you tell me the reason _________ he was late for school
4．We enjoyed the atmosphere _________ we would talk in a friendly way.
5．We are in a position _________ we may lose a great deal of money．
6．This is the time _________ you should take a break and start something else.
7．Some cases will be introduced to readers _________ the technique is used.
8．It was a time _________ I had no interest in study and wanted to drop out of school.
9．There are times _________ I wonder why I do this job.
10．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _________ he can walk correctly and safely.
定语从句练习④
when
where
why
where
where
when
where
when
when
where
11．This zoo is not the only place _________ the animal can be seen.
12．Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age _________ things were built to last.
13．The reason _________ he put on his glasses was that he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
14．Would you please give me some cases _________ I can use the phrase
15．He resigned from the company in order to find a better position _________ he could give his ability into full play.
16．In most of the European countries, Sunday is the day _________ the shops are not open.
17．I have often seen cases _________ students have some trouble getting along well with others.
18．People in China will never forget the year _________ the virus raged and doctors fought bravely against it.
定语从句练习④
where
when
why
where
where
when
where
when
综合训练
PART 03
1. The reason __________she was late for the exam was that she got stuck in a traffic jam.
2. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fit.
3. Many people fixed their eyes on me when I made that silly mistake, __________ made me rather embarrassed.
4. Cao Shengkang, __________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
5. Dr.Rowan，_________ secretary quit her job weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
6. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands__________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
7. Many lessons are now available online, ________ ________ students can choose for free.
8. The sweet spot in life to start exercising is in late middle age ____________ the heart still has flexibility.
定语从句练习⑤
why
which
which
who
whose
where
from which
when
1. They work in a shop __________ computer parts are sold.
2. They work in a shop __________ sells computer parts.
3. This is the school ___________ we once worked/studied.
4. This is the school ____________ we once visited.
5. I know a place ______________ is famous for its beautiful scenery.
6. I know a place ________ we can hide.
7. I still remember the days __________ we travelled/lived/worked together.
8. I still remember the days __________ we spent together.
9. We’d like to know the reason___________she didn’t accept the job.
10. We’d like to know the reason ___________she gave/explained at the meeting.
11. This is the house __________ my grandfather lived/was born.
12. This is the house _____________ was built by my grandfather.
where
定语从句练习⑤
that/which
where
that/which
that/which
where
when
that/which
why
that/which
where
that/which
1.It was an island. I’ve forgotten its name.
2.These are the pictures. We took them in Australia.
3.The building is a hospital. It stands over there.
4.The building is a hospital. We can see its roof (房顶).
5.Help is needed by those people. Their houses were destroyed in the earthquake.
6. Sunday is the day. On that day we can relax.
定语从句练习⑥
Sunday is the day when we can relax.
It was an island whose name I’ve forgotten.
These are the pictures (that/which) we took in Australia.
The building that/which stands over there is a hospital.
The building whose roof we can see is a hospital.
Help is needed by those people whose houses were destroyed in the
earthquake.
定语从句练习⑦
Sustainable( 可持续的) tourism，1 , is not just about seeing the sights -- it is also about connecting with people and their cultures, making a positive impact on theplaces we visit and enhancing( 提高) opportunities for the future. So, how can we be sustainable tourists
It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. Getting to a tourist destination by airplane ,2 , has a huge impact on the global environment. While avoiding flying is not always practical, we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport or even onfoot. We also need to protect the local culture. When visiting temples or churches, 3 , we should dress appropriately. We should respect the right to privacy. We must ask for permission before taking pictures of the local people, 4 .
In summary , being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect for nature , culture and people.
A. which greatly increases our carbon footprint
B. who are human beings and not on display
C. which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays
D. where a strict dress code may be required
E. who may make a living by selling handmade items
C
A
D
B

展开更多......

收起↑