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高考英语主题词汇分类讲解
一、婉言拒绝相关
1.decline v 下降； 衰败； 谢绝
The decline is not because we have all become lazy.这种下降并不是因为我们都变得懒惰了。
[2021·浙江卷·阅读理解]
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors.当然，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑会出于很多原因而衰退，包括环境影响和遗传因素等。
[2020·浙江卷·阅读理解]
These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.这些灯被称为自适应信号灯，它们已显著减少了往返办公地点和住所的麻烦和成本。
[2020·浙江卷·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
a rapid/sharp/gradual decline 迅速／急剧／逐渐下降
urban /economic decline 城市衰落；经济衰退
decline an invitation 谢绝邀请
decline from A to B 从A减少到B
The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.
员工人数从21.7万减少到了11.4万。
decline by ...减少了……（通常接数额）
He estimates that such contracts will decline by a third within the next decade.
他估计未来十年里，这种合同将减少三分之一。
【易混词辨析】
refuse, reject, decline
refuse、reject和decline都有“拒绝”的意思，但refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。也可指不接受别人给的东西，如 ：
The obstinate child refused to answer any question.
她认为这固执的孩子拒绝回答任何问题。
reject是正式用词。多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝，如：
The court rejected the prisoner's appeal for a new trial.
法院驳回了犯人的申请重审。
decline尤指礼貌地拒绝他人的帮助或邀请，如：
He declined Mary's invitation to dinner.
他谢绝了玛丽请吃晚饭的邀请。
【写作高分表达】
1.in decline在衰退中；减少中
Home cooking seems to be in decline as more and more people tend to order their food on apps.随着越来越多的人倾向于在应用程序上订购食物，自己在家做饭的人越来越少。
2.refuse v 拒绝； 不愿
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事； 不愿做某事
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know.自动电话的问题已经变得非常严重，以至于很多人现在都拒绝接听陌生号码打来的电话。
[2019·北京卷·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
She refused to accept that there was a problem.
她拒不承认有问题存在。
refuse sb.sth.拒绝把某物给某人
They refused him a visa.
他们拒绝给他签证。
【易混词辨析】
refuse, reject, decline
refuse、reject和decline都有“拒绝”的意思，但refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。也可指不接受别人给的东西，如：
The obstinate child refused to answer any question.
她认为这固执的孩子拒绝回答任何问题。
reject是正式用词。多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝，如：
The court rejected the prisoner's appeal for a new trial.
法院驳回了犯人的申请重审。
decline尤指礼貌地拒绝他人的帮助或邀请，如：
He declined Mary's invitation to dinner.
他谢绝了玛丽请吃晚饭的邀请。
3.reject v 拒绝
Most of which we can reject right away, people who don't have the right experience, qualifications, that kind of thing.大部分我们都可以马上拒绝，那些没有合适的经验和资格的人，诸如此类的。
He says he doesn't reject technology that allows books to be read digitally.
他说，他不反对可以实现阅读电子图书的技术。
【常见考点】
reject a decision/an offer/a suggestion 拒绝接受一个决定／一项提议／一个建议
4.turn down 拒绝
Why did she turn down your invitation 她为什么谢绝你的邀请？
You can't just turn down offers of work like that.人家给你工作，你不能就那样一一谢绝呀。
新课标高考｜ 历年真题中主题词分析 ｜ 与 「 月份 」有关的词汇
二、月份相关
1.January n 一月
When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.当这只小家伙在1月31日出生时，她成为了在该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛。
[2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解]
2.February n 二月
What happened between January 20 and February 20 1月20日到2月20日之间发生了什么？
[2020·江苏卷·阅读理解]
3.March n 三月
Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards, the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback.代表一个时代的电话亭先是被新技术的发展击退，最近又遭到垃圾场的恶劣天气侵袭，它们现在正卷土重来。
[2020·江苏卷·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
go on a march 进行示威游行
protest march 抗议游行
on the march 在行军中，在行进中
march on 继续行进；快速经过
Time marches on and we still have not made a decision.
时间过得飞快，而我们仍未拿定主意。
march on ...向……行进（以示抗议或进行攻击）
Several thousand people marched on City Hall.数千人涌入市政厅。
【近义词】
parade n.游行；阅兵；炫耀；行进
stride n.大步；步幅；进展
【反义词】
stay : v 停留
4.April n 四月
Last April, she was invited to the White House.去年四月， 她受邀去了白宫。
[2016·北京卷]
【常见考点】
in April 在四月
April Fools' Day 愚人节
5.May n 五月
The castle is open daily from May to October inclusive.这个古堡从五月起每天开放，直至十月底。
6.June n 六月
We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti, presenting an amazing programme of Mozart pieces.我们将于6月1日开始，与曼彻斯特·卡梅拉塔和尼古拉·贝内代蒂一起上演莫扎特作品的精彩节目。
[2021·新高考II卷·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
in June 在六月
on June 6th 在六月六日
last June 去年六月
next June 明年六月
7.July n 七月
When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens 的建筑在七月周日的几点钟开放？
[2020·新课标卷Ⅱ·阅读理解]
8.August n 八月
The player is contracted to play until August.这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。
9.September n 九月
Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.罗比·普鲁伊特承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。
[2021·天津卷·知识运用]
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.挪威的留坎小镇位于几座山脉之间，每年九月底到次年三月中旬，一年中近6个月时间都没有阳光直射。
[2019·新课标卷Ⅲ·知识运用]
10.October n 十月
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away.去年10月，莉娜·帕尔森在瑞典莫拉打理花园时，摘了一把小胡萝卜，准备扔掉。
[2017·浙江卷·知识运用]
We visit a local farm every October.我们每年十月都会去当地的一个农场。
[2021·浙江卷·写作]
11.November n 十一月
Retail sales fell in November by 10%.十一月份零售额下降10%。
12.December n 十二月
"Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits," the December warning letter says, "can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm."12月的警告信中写道：“只有当我们讨论生物物理极限的后果时，我们才有希望降低其速度、严重性和危害。”
[2021·北京卷·阅读理解]
13.month n 月份
Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.一些皮草最终出现在了时装秀上，比如上个月在布鲁克林举行的那场时装秀。
[2020·新课标卷Ⅱ·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
per month 每月
month by month 逐月
同根/派生词:
monthly adj 每月的；每月一次的
14.year n 年
A Take a view, the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.年度风光摄影师大赛“Take a view”是当今最令人尊敬的风景摄影大师之一查理·韦特的主意。
[2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
all year round 全年
over the years 这些年来
year after year 年年
academic /school year 学年
man of the year 年度人物
【写作高分表达】:
year in and year out年复一年
Year in and year out, graduates leave schools, but teachers are always there.
年复一年，毕业生们离开了，但老师们一直留在学校里。
all the year round全年
The museum is open all the year round, so visitors can pay a visit to it whenever they like.
博物馆全年开放，所以游客想什么时候来参观都可以。
同根/派生词
yearly adv 每年
yearly adj 每年的
名言谚语
There are no birds in last year's nests.
时过境迁。
新课标高考｜ 历年真题中主题词分析 ｜ 与 「 运输工具 」有关的词汇
三、运输工具相关
1.coach v 指导； 训练；n 教练； 马车；长途车
head coach 主教练
by coach 乘长途汽车
I'll teach you an exercise my baseball coach taught me.我教你一个我的棒球教练曾教给我的练习方法。
[2021·全国乙卷·听力]
" In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique," she says.她说：“事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习正确的技术。”
[2020·新课标卷Ⅰ·阅读理解]
In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.她说：“实际上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先请教教练或有经验的选手，学习正确的技巧。”
[2020·新课标卷Ⅰ·阅读理解]
【常见考点】
basketball /football/tennis coach 篮球／足球／网球教练
national coach 国家队教练
by coach 坐长途汽车
coach sb.on/in sth.指导某人做某事
Being a basketball player, he always likes to coach his daughter on basketball skills.
身为篮球运动员，他总是喜欢教女儿打篮球。
【易混词辨析】
train, coach
train和coach都有“训练，培训”的意思，train指训练与培养，如
These dogs are trained to guide the blind people.
这些狗受训来引导盲人。
coach指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课，常指在体育方面，如
Carl coaches a football team in his spare time.
卡尔在业余时间训练一个足球队。
2.electric car 电动车
According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.据《国际商业时报》报道，随着大众汽车公司从碳排放丑闻中恢复元气，电动汽车的销量有望增加。
3.police car 警车
A police car roared past.一辆警车呼啸而过。
4.solar car 太阳能汽车
When we design a solar car, to let the main resistance to the minimum.当我们设计太阳能汽车的主体时要让阻力达到最小值。
5.sports car 跑车
The giggling couple loaded up their red sports car and drove off.这对笑哈哈的夫妇装好他们的红色跑车，开走了。
6.trolleybus n 无轨电车
You'll have to change to the trolleybus next stop.你下一站得改乘无轨电车。

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