资源简介

Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 塑料制的 n. 塑料
2．____________ vi. & vt. 转换，改变
3．____________ n. 犀牛
4．____________ n. (牛、羊等头上的)角
5．____________ n. 一项，一条
6．____________ vt. 猎取，猎杀
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．保护→________ adj.保守的；守旧的
2．________ vt.破坏；毁掉→________ n．破坏；毁灭→________ adj.破坏性的；毁灭性的
3．________ vi. & vt.再利用，回收利用→________ adj.可回收的→________ n．回收利用
4．________ v．通知；熟悉→________ adj.了解情况的，消息灵通的，有学问的→________ n．信息→________ adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
5．________ n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→________ vt.威胁，恐吓→________ adj.威胁的；恐吓的→________ adj.受到威胁的；受到恐吓的
6．________ adj.合法的→________ adv.合法地→________ adj.非法的，违法的→________ adv.非法地，违法地
7．________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的→________ n．灭绝，消亡
8．________ v．催促，力劝→________ adj.紧急的，急迫的→________ adv.紧急地，急迫地→________ n．紧急
9．credit n．信用，信任　vt.相信，信赖→________ n．债权人→________ adj.可以信赖的，值得称赞的→________ adj.难以置信的→________ adv.非常地，极端地
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 是对……的最大威胁之一
2．________________ 砍伐森林
3．________________ 我们产生的废物量
4．________________ 非法猎杀以获取……
5．________________ 灭绝
6．________________ 一件非常紧急的事情
7．________________ 致力于
将英文短语译成汉语
1．switch to different forms of power　________________
2．as soon as possible ________________
3．have a role ________________
4．do one's part ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉，摧毁；消灭　destruction n．破坏，毁灭　destructive adj.破坏性的；引起破坏的
(教材原句)Ways We Destroy Nature我们破坏自然的方式
destroy all the evidence 销毁一切证据
destroy a building 毁坏建筑物
destroy a plan 破坏计划
destroy one's confidence/hope 摧毁某人的信心/希望
completely/totally destroy 彻底毁掉
Don't let the pain brought by the epidemic destroy the hope of life.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
不要让流行病带来的痛苦摧毁对生活的希望。
He worked out methods to destroy bacteria on the seeds.
他研究出消灭种子上细菌的方法。
The widespread destruction to the beautiful place caused by the construction of roads and hotels aroused opposition.(过去分词短语作后置定语，与其所修饰名词destruction构成被动关系)由道路和宾馆建设导致的对这个美丽之地的大面积破坏激起了反对声。
[比较]　destroy/damage/ruin
·destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复；
·damage部分地“破坏”“损坏”，一般可以修复；
·ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。
[拓展]
destroy nature　　破坏大自然
damage crops 损害庄稼
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The accident seemed to have completely ________________ (击垮了他的信心).
②There is worldwide concern about ____________________ (……的破坏) the rainforests.
选词填空：destroy/damage/ruin
③His heart is ________ as a result of his lung illness.
④That mistake ________ his chance of getting the job.
⑤The classical architecture was completely ________ by the big fire.
2．conservation n．保护　conserve v．保护；保存；节省　conservative adj.保守的，守旧的
We at the National Young Farmers Coalition need enormous support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation.我们在美国青年农会需要巨大的支持，因为我们敦促国会加强对耕地的保护。
(1)conservation measures 保护措施
wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护
a local conservation group 一个当地的保护组织
the conservation of resources 资源保护
environmental conservation 环境保护
(2)conserve one's energy for sth. 为……保留精力
be conservative in sth. 在……方面保守
the conservative Party (英国)保守党
Recycling is now recognised as an important part of the conservation of resources.
回收利用现在被认为是资源保护的一个重要部分。
He conserved his energy for the game.他为了比赛而保留精力。
We turned the electric vehicle off to conserve the batteries.我们把电动车辆关了，以节省电池的用电。
She is always conservative in her dress.
她总是穿着旧式的衣服。
[拓展]　conserve fruit保存水果
conserve health保住健康
conserve resources保护资源
conserve strength保存体力
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He isn't interested in ____________ (conserve).
②He writes on both sides of the sheet ________ (conserve) paper.
③________ (conserve) your energy, and you'll need it!
④We must conserve our forests and woodlands ________ future generations.
⑤After the accident, he became a much more ________ (conservation) driver.
⑥The professor's a radical (激进的) in politics but a ________ (conserve) dresser.
3．recycle vi. & vt.再利用，回收利用　n．再循环　recycling n．回收利用　recyclable adj.可回收利用的　unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
(教材原句)recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce
循环利用和减少我们产生的废物量
If we try our best to recycle the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.
如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染并保护自然资源。
Many materials like iron and glass can be recycled.
许多诸如铁和玻璃一类的材料可以循环再利用。
Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.
水循环利用是一种很好的节约我们资源的方法。
a recycling plant 回收厂
a recycling system 再循环系统
recycled paper 再生纸
a recycling programme 再循环方案
a recyclable product 可循环利用产品
(un)recyclable material(s)/waste (不)可回收材料/垃圾
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (recycle) helps the environment mainly by saving energy.
②In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can ________ (recycle).
完成句子
③A lot of the plastics that makers are using ____________________________ (无法被回收).
④We package our products in ________________________ (可回收的材料).
4．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的；增长见闻的　inform vt.告诉；通知；熟悉　,informed adj.了解情况的；消息灵通的；有见识的　information n. [U]信息
(教材原句)Yes, it was really informative!
是的，它很有教育意义！
(1)the informative content 有教育意义的内容
an informative and entertaining book
一本资料丰富而且饶有趣味的书
(2)inform sb. that... 告知某人……
inform sb. how/when＋to do sth. 通知某人如何/何时做某事
inform sb. of/about sth. 告知某人某事/使某人了解某事
(3)keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人情况
well-informed sources 消息灵通人士
stay informed 保持消息灵通
(4)the relevant information 相关信息
I found the talk both informative and entertaining.
我认为这次演讲知识性与趣味性并重。
He informed me of the event.他通知我这件事。
They informed us that they would set up an organisation to help carry out the plan.
他们告诉我们他们将成立一个组织来帮助执行这个计划。
He gave me a phone to inform us how to deal with the difficult situation.他打电话告诉我们如何处理困难情况。
I hope you can keep me informed of the change of the policy.我希望你能随时通知我政策的变化。
[语境助记]　As middle school students in the new era, we need to inform ourselves thoroughly of the differences in the two cultures．(可用于书信体应用文写作)
作为新时期的中学生，我们需要彻底了解这两种文化的差异。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I informed my mother ________ my safe arrival as soon as I got there.
②They are very concerned to keep the residents ________ (inform) of what they are doing.
③It is an ____________ (inform) and entertaining tour into history and full of unbelievable facts.
④Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us ________ (inform) about their feelings.
完成句子
⑤We ____________________________ (被告知) the train is late again.
5．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能　threaten vt.威胁；恐吓；危及，威胁到；有……危险；可能发生　threatening adj.恐吓的，威胁的　threatened adj.受到威胁的
(教材原句)．..the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet.
……石油和煤炭的使用是我们星球的最大威胁之一。
(1)the threat of... ……的威胁
the threat from... 来自……的威胁
under threat 遭受威胁
a threat to 对……是个威胁
pose/be a threat to... 构成对……的一个威胁
under threat from... 受到来自……的威胁
(2)threaten to do sth. 扬言/威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth. 用某事/某物威胁某人
threaten one's life 危及某人生命
(3)be threatened with 面临……的威胁
be threatened with dismissal 有被解雇的威胁
(4)a threatening letter 一封恐吓信
threatening behaviour 威胁行为
Anyone who poses a major threat to world peace is seen opposition to people.
任何对世界和平造成主要威胁的人都被视为人民的对立面。
These endangered species are under threat due to overhunting.
由于过度捕猎，这些濒危物种正受到威胁。
Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
经济的快速发展威胁到动物的栖息地。
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.
在现代，野生动植物已经受到巨大威胁。
The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.
乌云密布，恐有暴风雨要来了。
They threaten them with violence.
他们对其进行暴力威胁。
[语境助记]　Receiving a threatening email, Rose didn't feel threatened but chose to call the police.罗丝收到了一封恐吓电子邮件，她并没有感到受到了威胁而是选择了报警。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The old house seemed more ________ (threaten) in the cold light of the night.
②The cabs running too fast on the road ________ (threat) people's safety.
完成句子
③Chemical pollution will bring about ________________________________ (对……的一个威胁) agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.
④These ancient woodlands are ________________________ (受到来自……的威胁) new road development.
⑤The robber ______________________ (用刀子威胁我).
⑥The pupil found my secret and ________________________________________ (扬言要告诉我的老师).
6．switch vi. & vt.转换，改变　n. [C](电路的)开头；转换器；改变
(教材原句)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.
我们确实需要尽快转换到不同的能源形式。
switch on＝turn on 打开，接通
switch off＝turn off 关上，把……关掉
switch over 转换频道，转变
switch to 转换为……；转向，转行到
switch from sth. to sth. 从某事转换到某事
switch between sth. and sth. 在某事和某事之间转换
switch sth. with sth. 把某物换成某物
switch sth. to sth. 把……调到……
switch sth. with sb. 和某人调班
at the flick of a switch 轻触开关
make a switch 改变
They switched the conversation when she came in.
她进来时他们就改变了谈话内容。
You needn't go to the bank since many people have switched over to mobile banking.(可用于现代科技话题写作)你不必去银行因为许多人都已经改用手机银行了。
The transport is convenient enough. You can take the high speed train to Nanjing Nan Station, and then make a switch to the tube.交通很是方便。你可以乘坐高铁到南京南站，然后转地铁。
[语境助记]　Lucy returned home from work early. After changing clothes, she switched off the light and came downstairs. Then she switched on the TV and switched over with boredom.露西早早下班回到家，换完衣服后，她关掉灯来到楼下。然后她打开电视，无聊地换着频道。
[即学即练]　写出句中switch的词性和含义
①He used to smoke this brand of cigarettes, but now he switched.____________
②We have to make a switch in our plan for the summer vacation.____________
③Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door, and pressed the switch.____________
完成句子
④She __________________________ (打开) the bedside lamp and began to read a novel.
⑤Let's ____________________________ (转换对话) to a different topic.
7．illegally adv.非法地，违法地　illegal adj.非法的
(教材原句)Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have.是的，许多动物因为它们拥有的东西而被非法猎杀。
(1)illegally buy/sell/use/park/import
非法购买/销售/使用/停车/进口
an illegally parked car 一辆违章停放的汽车
(2)It is illegal to do sth. 做某事是违法的
illegal drugs 违禁药品
illegal parking 违章停车
an illegal act 违法行为
illegal activities 非法活动
非法移民
You know there are many people working illegally in New York.你知道有很多人非法在纽约工作。
Animal actors could be traded illegally.
动物演员可能被非法交易。
It's illegal to read people's private letters without permission.
未经允许看别人的私人信件是不合法的。
[拓展]　legal adj.合法的
legal rights合法权利
legally adv.合法地；法律上地
[说明]　il-否定前缀，意为“不，非”：illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is illegal ________ (sell) cigarettes to children who are under age.
②He sold drugs ________ (illegal) at this area so he got arrested.
完成句子
③________________________________ (是非法的) to hunt endangered animals.
④The car owner will be fined for ________________________ (违章停车).
8．hunt vi. & vt.猎取，猎杀　vi.搜寻　n．狩猎；搜寻
go hunting 去打猎
hunt for 搜寻，寻找
on the hunt for 正在搜寻……
hunt for the animal 寻找动物
hunt for a job 找工作
hunt for the missing child 搜寻失踪的儿童
hunt sb./sth. down 追捕，捉住
hunt sb./sth. out 搜寻；搜捕
Weather permitting, we'll go hunting this Sunday morning.
如果天气允许，我们这周日上午要去打猎。
The whole neighbourhood have been hunting for the missing child.整个街区的人一直在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
He set off for a nineteen-day hunt in Nova Scotia.
他出发去新斯科舍进行为期19天的狩猎。
[拓展]
hunter n．猎人；搜集某种东西的人
job hunters找工作的人；求职者
[链接]　表示“寻找”的短语还有：look for; search for; (be) in search of
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The company is ________ the hunt for a personnel manager.
完成句子
②Jessica ________________________ (一直寻找) a job everywhere since she graduated last month.
③Gradually, they began to depend less on ________________________________ (野外所能猎杀到的) and more on animals they had raised.
9．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的；消亡的；不再活跃的；死的　extinction n．灭绝；消亡
(教材原句)How long do we have before rhinos become extinct？距离犀牛灭绝我们还有多长时间？
(1)an extinct volcano 一座死火山
an extinct species 一个已灭绝的物种
go extinct 落空
become extinct 灭绝；绝种
(2)be close to extinction 濒临灭绝
mass extinction 大量消亡
on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝
in danger of extinction 有灭绝的危险
Dinosaurs have been extinct for tens of millions of years.
恐龙已经灭绝几千万年了。
The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.对灭绝的生命形式进行克隆的想法仍然属于科学幻想。
Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction, so it's high time that we took effective measures.许多动植物品种有灭绝的危险，因此是我们采取有效措施的时候了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In brief, the ________ (extinct) of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.
完成句子
②My hope of getting into the Fortune 500 company ______________________ (落空了).
③According to Jack, it is global warming that ________________________________ (导致许多动物的灭绝).
10．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的　urge v．催促，力劝；竭力主张　n．冲动
(教材原句)That's an incredibly urgent matter.
这是非常紧急的事情……
(1)an urgent matter 紧急的事情
urgent action 紧急行动
urgent relief 紧急救济
urgent care/cases/calls/telegrams 紧急护理/情况/呼叫/电报
in urgent need of 急需
It is urgent that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形＋其他。
迫切需要……
(2)urge oneself on 鞭策自己
urge sb. (not) to do sth. 力劝某人(不要)做某事
urge that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形＋其他
极力主张……
feel/have the/an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动
It's urgent that these food and water (should) be transported to the earthquake-stricken area.
当务之急是把这些食物和水运输到地震灾区。
He was in urgent need of medical attention.他急需治疗。
It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the West.在西方，过分劝别人饮酒是不礼貌的。
The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁教授所有的儿童游泳。
[说明]　urge或urgent后跟that从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
[拓展]　urgently adv.紧急地
be urgently needed急需
urgency n．紧急；急迫
a matter of urgency十分紧急的事
a matter of great urgency极为迫切的事情
a sense of urgency紧迫感
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Red Cross officials said they ________ (urgent) needed bread and water.
②It is urgent that we ________ (donate) food and clothing to the sufferers.
③They urged the council ____________ (approve) plans for their reform programme.
④I never felt an urge ________ (learn) any sign language before.
⑤Because of all the countless time, there was no sense of ________ (urgent) to do my schoolwork immediately.
完成句子
⑥The country in war made ________________________________ (紧急请求) international aid.
⑦Parents should actively __________________________________ (力劝他们的孩子利用机会) to join sports teams.
第二版块|重要短语
1．have a role起某种作用
(教材原句)We all have a role to play in protecting the environment.在保护环境方面，我们都有责任。
have a role in 在……中起某种作用
have an active role in 在……中起积极作用
the leading/starring role 主角
have a key/vital role/part in... 在……中发挥关键/至关重要的作用
have a role/part to play 发挥作用
play a role/part 发挥作用；扮演一个角色
take on a role of... 扮演……角色；起……作用
Each of the countries that I'm visiting has a role to play in this effort.
我正在访问的每一个国家都可以在这方面发挥作用。
The Panama Canal has played a very important role in transportation.巴拿马运河在运输上起到了非常重要的作用。
By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, chopsticks and clothing, we are playing a role in cutting down on waste.通过注重节约石油、水、纸、食物、筷子和衣服，我们在减少浪费方面发挥了作用。
[误区警示]　
play a role/part in中role/part作先行词后接定语从句时，role/part前面常用定冠词the。
The key role the teachers play in the learning process should not be ignored.
(省略引导词的定语从句)
老师在学习过程中扮演的关键角色不应该被忽视。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Does religion have a role ________ (play) in society today
②We all think that she has played an important role ________ carrying out the plan.
③It's our hope that we will play ________ greater role in the market place and, therefore, supply more jobs.
完成句子
④She ____________________________ (起决定性作用) in the peace negotiations.
2．do one's part尽自己的职责
(教材原句)If we all do our part, we can live a healthier life on Earth.如果我们都尽自己的一份力量，我们就能在地球上过上更健康的生活。
do one's
If everyone does their part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。
Everyone must do his part.
人人必须尽自己的职责。
He said that he would do his best to help me with my lessons.他说他将尽力帮我学功课。
I'll do my bit in my work.
在工作中我将尽自己的一份力。
[易错提醒]　play a part/role in在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用；参加，参与
play an active part/role in积极参与
(a) part of……的一部分
in part部分地；在某种程度上
for my part就我而言
take part in参加
For my part, what really matters is the interpersonal relationship instead of the money.在我看来，真正重要的是人与人之间的关系而不是金钱。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①Computers ____________________ (在……中起重要作用) our daily life.
②Everyone should ________________ (尽自己的职责) to help stop the process of desertification.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Bats sleep in the daytime and come out to ________ (猎取) for food at night regularly.
2．This innovative design makes the kite ________ (令人难以置信地) stable.
3．The leadership was called up three times during the night to attend to ________ (紧急的) cases.
4．Because dinosaurs are ________ (灭绝的), the scientists have very little to go on analysing them.
5．We had two very practical and ________ (有教育意义的) presentations.
6．The poisoned food has been removed from the shops and there is no ________ (威胁) to public health, which is motivating.
7．First, the competitor should ________ (打开) the machine on.
8．He could face a charge of ________ (非法地) importing poultry.
9．We shall stress on the committed ________ (保护) of our natural resources.
10．If the tree falls that way, it will extremely ________ (毁坏) the house.
11．We should ________ (回收利用) enormous garbage, not burn it.
Ⅱ.短语填空
switch on, the amount of, have a role in, do one's part, under threat, be urgent to do
1．It is recognised that ____________ sleep we need varies from person to person.
2．Wildlife is ____________ and the conservation of them is necessary.
3．The activity ____________ be organised, so it can't be delayed.
4．Please ____________ the radio to hear the news presentation and weather forecast.
5．Teachers must ____________ to motivate their students.
6．Education can ____________ decreasing the crime rate.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of ________ (urgent) to do my school work immediately.
2．There are energy savings to be made from all ________ (recycle) materials, sometimes huge savings.
3．However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________ (extinct) of this precious species.
4．It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria ________ (destroy) vast wetlands every year.
5．Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange ________ (inform).
6．How much time and money would it cost to replace the ________ (content) of that little wallet
7．A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic ________ paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights.
8．It prevents people who are cut ________ from society falling victim to cheaters.
9．Rapid economic development ________ (threaten) animal habitats.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Polishing up your article ________________________________ (在写作中起着非常重要的作用).
2．More and more people nowadays choose to arise _________________________________ (保护他们的合法权利).
3．Reading is a shortcut to learn new things and __________________________ (保持消息灵通).
4．Seeing that she wasn't interested in history, he ___________________________________ (把话题转向了时尚).
5．If we ____________________________________ (继续破坏森林), land desertification (沙漠化) will be unavoidable.
6．The key of garbage classification lies in the ____________________________________ (对于可回收和不可回收垃圾的准确识别).
Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．plastic　2.switch　3.rhino　4.horn　5.item　6.hunt
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．conservation; conservative　2.destroy; destruction; destructive
3．recycle; recyclable; recycling　4.inform; informed; information; informative　5.threat; threaten; threatening; threatened　
6．legal; legally; illegal; illegally　7.extinct; extinction　
8．urge; urgent; urgently; urgency　9.creditor; credible; incredible; incredibly
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．be one of the biggest threats to　2.cut down forests　3.the amount of waste we produce　4.be illegally hunted for
5．become extinct　6.an incredibly urgent matter　7.work on
1．转到不同的能源形式　2.尽可能快地　3.起某种作用
4．尽自己的职责
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①destroyed his confidence　②the destruction of ③damaged　④ruined　⑤destroyed
2．①conservation　②to conserve　③Conserve　④for ⑤conservative　⑥conservative
3．①Recycling　②be recycled　③cannot be recycled ④recyclable material(s)
4．①of/about　②informed　③informative　④information　⑤are informed that
5．①threatening　②threatened　③a threat to　④under threat from　⑤threatened me with a knife　⑥threatened to tell my teacher
6．①动词，转换　②名词，改变　③名词，开关　④switched/turned on　⑤switch the conversation
7．①to sell　②illegally　③It is illegal　④illegal parking
8．①on　②has been hunting for　③what could be hunted in the wild
9．①extinction　②went extinct　③leads to the extinction of many animals
10．①urgently　②(should) donate　③to approve　④to learn ⑤urgency　⑥an urgent request for　⑦urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity
第二版块|重要短语
1．①to play　②in　③a　④had/played a decisive role
2．①play an important role/part in　②do his part
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．hunt　2.incredibly　3.urgent　4.extinct　5.informative　6. 7.switch　8.illegally　9.conservation　10.destroy
11．recycle
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．the amount of　2.under threat　3.is urgent to　4.switch on　5.do their parts　6.have a role in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：urgency　a sense of urgency紧迫感。句意：由于所有这些额外的时间，我没有立即去做功课的紧迫感。
2．答案与解析：recyclable　materials前应用定语修饰，故应用recycle的形容词形式。句意：所有可回收的材料都能节省能源，有时还能节省很多能源。
3．答案与解析：extinction　此处应用名词形式作see的宾语。句意：然而，这两位动物园管理员并不想看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。
4．答案与解析：are destroying　由语境可知，此处表示动作正在进行，要用现在进行时。句意：谈论没有负罪感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地。
5．答案与解析：information　exchange information交流信息。句意：对于科学家来说，经常乘坐飞机参加会议、演讲、研讨会等活动对于他们聚在一起交流信息至关重要。
6．答案与解析：contents　content表示“所容纳之物；所含之物；内容”时常用复数形式。句意：换掉那个小钱包里的东西要花多少时间和金钱？
7．答案与解析：to　switch over...to...将……更换为……。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司每天的1 200个航班都将把塑料杯换成纸杯。
8．答案与解析：off　cut off断绝，切断与……的联系。句意：它防止那些与社会隔绝的人成为骗子的受害者。
9．答案与解析：threatens　由语境可知，此处作句子的谓语，并且主语是抽象名词，要用第三人称单数形式。句意：经济的快速发展威胁着动物的栖息地。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．plays a vital role in writing
2．in defence of their legal rights
3．stay informed
4．switched the topic to fashion
5．continue to destroy forests
6．exact recognition of the recyclable and unrecyclable garbage
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共120张PPT)
Section A　Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 塑料制的 n. 塑料
2．____________ vi. & vt. 转换，改变
3．____________ n. 犀牛
4．____________ n. (牛、羊等头上的)角
5．____________ n. 一项，一条
6．____________ vt. 猎取，猎杀
plastic
switch　
rhino
horn　
item
hunt
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．保护→__________ adj.保守的；守旧的
2．________ vt.破坏；毁掉→________ n．破坏；毁灭→________ adj.破坏性的；毁灭性的
3．________ vi. & vt.再利用，回收利用→________ adj.可回收的→________ n．回收利用
4．________ v．通知；熟悉→________ adj.了解情况的，消息灵通的，有学问的→________ n．信息→________ adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
conservation
conservative
destroy
destruction
destructive
recycle
recyclable
recycling
inform
informed
information
informative
5．________ n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→________ vt.威胁，恐吓→________ adj.威胁的；恐吓的→________ adj.受到威胁的；受到恐吓的
6．________ adj.合法的→________ adv.合法地→________ adj.非法的，违法的→________ adv.非法地，违法地
7．________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的→________ n．灭绝，消亡
8．________ v．催促，力劝→________ adj.紧急的，急迫的→________ adv.紧急地，急迫地→________ n．紧急
9．credit n．信用，信任　vt.相信，信赖→________ n．债权人→________ adj.可以信赖的，值得称赞的→________ adj.难以置信的→________ adv.非常地，极端地
threat
threaten
threatening
threatened　
legal
legally
illegal
illegally　
extinct
extinction　
urge
urgent
urgently
urgently
creditor
credible
incredible
incredibly
be one of the biggest threats to
cut down forests　
the amount of waste we produce　
be illegally hunted for
become extinct　
an incredibly urgent matter
work on

转到不同的能源形式　
尽可能快地　
起某种作用
尽自己的职责
第一版块|核心单词
1．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉，摧毁；消灭　destruction n．破坏，毁灭　destructive adj.破坏性的；引起破坏的
(教材原句)Ways We Destroy Nature我们破坏自然的方式
destroy all the evidence 销毁一切证据
destroy a building 毁坏建筑物
destroy a plan 破坏计划
destroy one's confidence/hope 摧毁某人的信心/希望
completely/totally destroy 彻底毁掉
Don't let the pain brought by the epidemic destroy the hope of life.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
不要让流行病带来的痛苦摧毁对生活的希望。
He worked out methods to destroy bacteria on the seeds.
他研究出消灭种子上细菌的方法。
The widespread destruction to the beautiful place caused by the construction of roads and hotels aroused opposition.(过去分词短语作后置定语，与其所修饰名词destruction构成被动关系)由道路和宾馆建设导致的对这个美丽之地的大面积破坏激起了反对声。
[比较]　destroy/damage/ruin
·destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复；
·damage部分地“破坏”“损坏”，一般可以修复；
·ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。
[拓展]
destroy nature　　破坏大自然
damage crops 损害庄稼
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The accident seemed to have completely ______________________ (击垮了他的信心).
②There is worldwide concern about ____________________ (……的破坏) the rainforests.
选词填空：destroy/damage/ruin
③His heart is ________ as a result of his lung illness.
④That mistake ________ his chance of getting the job.
⑤The classical architecture was completely ________ by the big fire.
destroyed his confidence
the destruction of
damaged　
ruined　
destroyed
2．conservation n．保护　conserve v．保护；保存；节省　conservative adj.保守的，守旧的
We at the National Young Farmers Coalition need enormous support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation.
我们在美国青年农会需要巨大的支持，因为我们敦促国会加强对耕地的保护。
(1)conservation measures 保护措施
wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护
a local conservation group 一个当地的保护组织
the conservation of resources 资源保护
environmental conservation 环境保护
(2)conserve one's energy for sth. 为……保留精力
be conservative in sth. 在……方面保守
the conservative Party (英国)保守党
Recycling is now recognised as an important part of the conservation of resources.
回收利用现在被认为是资源保护的一个重要部分。
He conserved his energy for the game.他为了比赛而保留精力。
We turned the electric vehicle off to conserve the batteries.我们把电动车辆关了，以节省电池的用电。
She is always conservative in her dress.
她总是穿着旧式的衣服。
[拓展]　conserve fruit保存水果
conserve health保住健康
conserve resources保护资源
conserve strength保存体力
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He isn't interested in ____________ (conserve).
②He writes on both sides of the sheet ____________ (conserve) paper.
③________ (conserve) your energy, and you'll need it!
④We must conserve our forests and woodlands ________ future generations.
⑤After the accident, he became a much more ______________ (conservation) driver.
⑥The professor's a radical (激进的) in politics but a ____________ (conserve) dresser.
conservation
to conserve　
Conserve
for
conservative　
conservative
3．recycle vi. & vt.再利用，回收利用　n．再循环　recycling n．回收利用　recyclable adj.可回收利用的　unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
(教材原句)recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce
循环利用和减少我们产生的废物量
If we try our best to recycle the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.
如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染并保护自然资源。
Many materials like iron and glass can be recycled.
许多诸如铁和玻璃一类的材料可以循环再利用。
Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.
水循环利用是一种很好的节约我们资源的方法。
a recycling plant 回收厂
a recycling system 再循环系统
recycled paper 再生纸
a recycling programme 再循环方案
a recyclable product 可循环利用产品
(un)recyclable material(s)/waste (不)可回收材料/垃圾
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (recycle) helps the environment mainly by saving energy.
②In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can ________ (recycle).
Recycling
be recycled　
完成句子
③A lot of the plastics that makers are using ___________________ (无法被回收).
④We package our products in ________________________ (可回收的材料).
cannot be recycled
recyclable material(s)
4．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的；增长见闻的　inform vt.告诉；通知；熟悉　,informed adj.了解情况的；消息灵通的；有见识的　information n. [U]信息
(教材原句)Yes, it was really informative!
是的，它很有教育意义！
(1)the informative content 有教育意义的内容
an informative and entertaining book
一本资料丰富而且饶有趣味的书
(2)inform sb. that... 告知某人……
inform sb. how/when＋to do sth. 通知某人如何/何时做某事
inform sb. of/about sth. 告知某人某事/使某人了解某事
(3)keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人情况
well-informed sources 消息灵通人士
stay informed 保持消息灵通
(4)the relevant information 相关信息
I found the talk both informative and entertaining.
我认为这次演讲知识性与趣味性并重。
He informed me of the event.他通知我这件事。
They informed us that they would set up an organisation to help carry out the plan.
他们告诉我们他们将成立一个组织来帮助执行这个计划。
He gave me a phone to inform us how to deal with the difficult situation.他打电话告诉我们如何处理困难情况。
I hope you can keep me informed of the change of the policy.我希望你能随时通知我政策的变化。
[语境助记]　
As middle school students in the new era, we need to inform ourselves thoroughly of the differences in the two cultures．
(可用于书信体应用文写作)
作为新时期的中学生，我们需要彻底了解这两种文化的差异。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I informed my mother ________ my safe arrival as soon as I got there.
②They are very concerned to keep the residents ________ (inform) of what they are doing.
③It is an ____________ (inform) and entertaining tour into history and full of unbelievable facts.
④Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us ___________ (inform) about their feelings.
完成句子
⑤We ____________________________ (被告知) the train is late again.
of/about
informed　
informative
information　
are informed that
5．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能　threaten vt.威胁；恐吓；危及，威胁到；有……危险；可能发生　threatening adj.恐吓的，威胁的　threatened adj.受到威胁的
(教材原句) …the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet.
……石油和煤炭的使用是我们星球的最大威胁之一。
(1)the threat of... ……的威胁
the threat from... 来自……的威胁
under threat 遭受威胁
a threat to 对……是个威胁
pose/be a threat to... 构成对……的一个威胁
under threat from... 受到来自……的威胁
(2)threaten to do sth. 扬言/威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth. 用某事/某物威胁某人
threaten one's life 危及某人生命
(3)be threatened with 面临……的威胁
be threatened with dismissal 有被解雇的威胁
(4)a threatening letter 一封恐吓信
threatening behaviour 威胁行为
Anyone who poses a major threat to world peace is seen opposition to people.
任何对世界和平造成主要威胁的人都被视为人民的对立面。
These endangered species are under threat due to overhunting.
由于过度捕猎，这些濒危物种正受到威胁。
Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
经济的快速发展威胁到动物的栖息地。
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.
在现代，野生动植物已经受到巨大威胁。
The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.
乌云密布，恐有暴风雨要来了。
They threaten them with violence.
他们对其进行暴力威胁。
[语境助记]　
Receiving a threatening email, Rose didn't feel threatened but chose to call the police.罗丝收到了一封恐吓电子邮件，她并没有感到受到了威胁而是选择了报警。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The old house seemed more ________ (threaten) in the cold light of the night.
②The cabs running too fast on the road ________ (threat) people's safety.
threatening
threatened
完成句子
③Chemical pollution will bring about ___________ (对……的一个威胁) agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.
④These ancient woodlands are ________________________ (受到来自……的威胁) new road development.
⑤The robber ______________________ (用刀子威胁我).
⑥The pupil found my secret and ________________________________ (扬言要告诉我的老师).
threatened
under threat from　
threatened me with a knife　
threatened to tell my teacher
6．switch vi. & vt.转换，改变　n. [C](电路的)开头；转换器；改变
(教材原句)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.
我们确实需要尽快转换到不同的能源形式。
switch on＝turn on 打开，接通
switch off＝turn off 关上，把……关掉
switch over 转换频道，转变
switch to 转换为……；转向，转行到
switch from sth. to sth. 从某事转换到某事
switch between sth. and sth. 在某事和某事之间转换
switch sth. with sth. 把某物换成某物
switch sth. to sth. 把……调到……
switch sth. with sb. 和某人调班
at the flick of a switch 轻触开关
make a switch 改变
They switched the conversation when she came in.
她进来时他们就改变了谈话内容。
You needn't go to the bank since many people have switched over to mobile banking.(可用于现代科技话题写作)你不必去银行因为许多人都已经改用手机银行了。
The transport is convenient enough. You can take the high speed train to Nanjing Nan Station, and then make a switch to the tube.交通很是方便。你可以乘坐高铁到南京南站，然后转地铁。
[语境助记]　Lucy returned home from work early. After changing clothes, she switched off the light and came downstairs. Then she switched on the TV and switched over with boredom.
露西早早下班回到家，换完衣服后，她关掉灯来到楼下。然后她打开电视，无聊地换着频道。
[即学即练]　写出句中switch的词性和含义
①He used to smoke this brand of cigarettes, but now he switched.
_______________
②We have to make a switch in our plan for the summer vacation.
_______________
③Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door, and pressed the switch._______________
动词，转换
名词，改变　
名词，开关　
完成句子
④She __________________________ (打开) the bedside lamp and began to read a novel.
⑤Let's ____________________________ (转换对话) to a different topic.
switched/turned on　
switch the conversation
7．illegally adv.非法地，违法地　illegal adj.非法的
(教材原句)Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have.
是的，许多动物因为它们拥有的东西而被非法猎杀。
You know there are many people working illegally in New York.你知道有很多人非法在纽约工作。
Animal actors could be traded illegally.
动物演员可能被非法交易。
It's illegal to read people's private letters without permission.
未经允许看别人的私人信件是不合法的。
[拓展]　legal adj.合法的
legal rights合法权利
legally adv.合法地；法律上地
[说明]　il-否定前缀，意为“不，非”：illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is illegal ________ (sell) cigarettes to children who are under age.
②He sold drugs ________ (illegal) at this area so he got arrested.
完成句子
③___________ (是非法的) to hunt endangered animals.
④The car owner will be fined for ________________ (违章停车).
to sell　
illegally　
It is illegal
illegal parking
8．hunt vi. & vt.猎取，猎杀　vi.搜寻　n．狩猎；搜寻
go hunting 去打猎
hunt for 搜寻，寻找
on the hunt for 正在搜寻……
hunt for the animal 寻找动物
hunt for a job 找工作
hunt for the missing child 搜寻失踪的儿童
hunt sb./sth. down 追捕，捉住
hunt sb./sth. out 搜寻；搜捕
Weather permitting, we'll go hunting this Sunday morning.
如果天气允许，我们这周日上午要去打猎。
The whole neighbourhood have been hunting for the missing child.整个街区的人一直在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
He set off for a nineteen-day hunt in Nova Scotia.
他出发去新斯科舍进行为期19天的狩猎。
[拓展]
hunter n．猎人；搜集某种东西的人
job hunters找工作的人；求职者
[链接]　
表示“寻找”的短语还有：look for; search for; (be) in search of
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The company is ________ the hunt for a personnel manager.
完成句子
②Jessica ________________________ (一直寻找) a job everywhere since she graduated last month.
③Gradually, they began to depend less on _______________________ (野外所能猎杀到的) and more on animals they had raised.
on　
has been hunting for
what could be hunted in the wild
9．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的；消亡的；不再活跃的；死的　extinction n．灭绝；消亡
(教材原句)How long do we have before rhinos become extinct？
距离犀牛灭绝我们还有多长时间？
(1)an extinct volcano 一座死火山
an extinct species 一个已灭绝的物种
go extinct 落空
become extinct 灭绝；绝种
(2)be close to extinction 濒临灭绝
mass extinction 大量消亡
on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝
in danger of extinction 有灭绝的危险
Dinosaurs have been extinct for tens of millions of years.
恐龙已经灭绝几千万年了。
The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.
对灭绝的生命形式进行克隆的想法仍然属于科学幻想。
Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction, so it's high time that we took effective measures.
许多动植物品种有灭绝的危险，因此是我们采取有效措施的时候了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In brief, the ________ (extinct) of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.
完成句子
②My hope of getting into the Fortune 500 company ________________ (落空了).
③According to Jack, it is global warming that
_____________________________________ (导致许多动物的灭绝).
extinction　
went extinct　
leads to the extinction of many animals
10．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的　urge v．催促，力劝；竭力主张　n．冲动
(教材原句)That's an incredibly urgent matter.
这是非常紧急的事情……
(1)an urgent matter 紧急的事情
urgent action 紧急行动
urgent relief 紧急救济
urgent care/cases/calls/telegrams 紧急护理/情况/呼叫/电报
in urgent need of 急需
It is urgent that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形＋其他。
迫切需要……
(2)urge oneself on 鞭策自己
urge sb. (not) to do sth. 力劝某人(不要)做某事
urge that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形＋其他
极力主张……
feel/have the/an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动
It's urgent that these food and water (should) be transported to the earthquake-stricken area.
当务之急是把这些食物和水运输到地震灾区。
He was in urgent need of medical attention.他急需治疗。
It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the West.在西方，过分劝别人饮酒是不礼貌的。
The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁教授所有的儿童游泳。
[说明]　
urge或urgent后跟that从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
[拓展]　urgently adv.紧急地
be urgently needed急需
urgency n．紧急；急迫
a matter of urgency十分紧急的事
a matter of great urgency极为迫切的事情
a sense of urgency紧迫感
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Red Cross officials said they ________ (urgent) needed bread and water.
②It is urgent that we ____________ (donate) food and clothing to the sufferers.
③They urged the council ____________ (approve) plans for their reform programme.
④I never felt an urge ________ (learn) any sign language before.
⑤Because of all the countless time, there was no sense of ________ (urgent) to do my schoolwork immediately.
urgently　
(should) donate　
to approve　
to learn
urgency
完成句子
⑥The country in war made _______________________ (紧急请求) international aid.
⑦Parents should actively______________________________________ (力劝他们的孩子利用机会) to join sports teams.
an urgent request for　
urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity
第二版块|重要短语
1．have a role起某种作用
(教材原句)We all have a role to play in protecting the environment.在保护环境方面，我们都有责任。
have a role in 在……中起某种作用
have an active role in 在……中起积极作用
the leading/starring role 主角
have a key/vital role/part in... 在……中发挥关键/至关重要的作用
have a role/part to play 发挥作用
play a role/part 发挥作用；扮演一个角色
take on a role of... 扮演……角色；起……作用
Each of the countries that I'm visiting has a role to play in this effort.
我正在访问的每一个国家都可以在这方面发挥作用。
The Panama Canal has played a very important role in transportation.巴拿马运河在运输上起到了非常重要的作用。
By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, chopsticks and clothing, we are playing a role in cutting down on waste.通过注重节约石油、水、纸、食物、筷子和衣服，我们在减少浪费方面发挥了作用。
[误区警示]　
play a role/part in中role/part作先行词后接定语从句时，role/part前面常用定冠词the。
The key role the teachers play in the learning process should not be ignored.
(省略引导词的定语从句)
老师在学习过程中扮演的关键角色不应该被忽视。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Does religion have a role ________ (play) in society today
②We all think that she has played an important role ________ carrying out the plan.
③It's our hope that we will play ________ greater role in the market place and, therefore, supply more jobs.
完成句子
④She ____________________________ (起决定性作用) in the peace negotiations.
to play　
in　
a　
had/played a decisive role
If everyone does their part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。
Everyone must do his part.
人人必须尽自己的职责。
He said that he would do his best to help me with my lessons.他说他将尽力帮我学功课。
I'll do my bit in my work.
在工作中我将尽自己的一份力。
[易错提醒]　play a part/role in在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用；参加，参与
play an active part/role in积极参与
(a) part of……的一部分
in part部分地；在某种程度上
for my part就我而言
take part in参加
For my part, what really matters is the interpersonal relationship instead of the money.在我看来，真正重要的是人与人之间的关系而不是金钱。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①Computers __________________________ (在……中起重要作用) our daily life.
②Everyone should ________________ (尽自己的职责) to help stop the process of desertification.
play an important role/part in　
do his part
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Bats sleep in the daytime and come out to ________ (猎取) for food at night regularly.
2．This innovative design makes the kite ________ (令人难以置信地) stable.
3．The leadership was called up three times during the night to attend to ________ (紧急的) cases.
4．Because dinosaurs are ________ (灭绝的), the scientists have very little to go on analysing them.
hunt　
incredibly　
urgent　
extinct
5．We had two very practical and ______________ (有教育意义的) presentations.
6．The poisoned food has been removed from the shops and there is no ________ (威胁) to public health, which is motivating.
7．First, the competitor should ________ (打开) the machine on.
informative
threat　
switch
8．He could face a charge of ________ (非法地) importing poultry.
9．We shall stress on the committed ____________ (保护) of our natural resources.
10．If the tree falls that way, it will extremely ________ (毁坏) the house.
11．We should ________ (回收利用) enormous garbage, not burn it.
illegally　
conservation　
destroy
recycle
Ⅱ.短语填空
switch on, the amount of, have a role in, do one's part, under threat, be urgent to do
1．It is recognised that ____________ sleep we need varies from person to person.
2．Wildlife is ____________ and the conservation of them is necessary.
the amount of　
under threat　
3．The activity ____________ be organised, so it can't be delayed.
4．Please ____________ the radio to hear the news presentation and weather forecast.
5．Teachers must ____________ to motivate their students.
6．Education can ______________ decreasing the crime rate.
is urgent to
switch on　
do their parts　
have a role in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of ________ (urgent) to do my school work immediately.
urgency　
解析： a sense of urgency紧迫感。句意：由于所有这些额外的时间，我没有立即去做功课的紧迫感。
2．There are energy savings to be made from all ________ (recycle) materials, sometimes huge savings.
recyclable　
解析： materials前应用定语修饰，故应用recycle的形容词形式。句意：所有可回收的材料都能节省能源，有时还能节省很多能源。
3．However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________ (extinct) of this precious species.
extinction　
解析：此处应用名词形式作see的宾语。句意：然而，这两位动物园管理员并不想看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。
4．It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria ______________ (destroy) vast wetlands every year.
are destroying　
解析：由语境可知，此处表示动作正在进行，要用现在进行时。句意：谈论没有负罪感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地。
5．Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange ____________ (inform).
information　
解析： exchange information交流信息。句意：对于科学家来说，经常乘坐飞机参加会议、演讲、研讨会等活动对于他们聚在一起交流信息至关重要。
6．How much time and money would it cost to replace the ________ (content) of that little wallet
contents　
解析： content表示“所容纳之物；所含之物；内容”时常用复数形式。句意：换掉那个小钱包里的东西要花多少时间和金钱？
7．A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic ________ paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights.
to　
解析： switch over...to...将……更换为……。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司每天的1 200个航班都将把塑料杯换成纸杯。
8．It prevents people who are cut ________ from society falling victim to cheaters.
off　
解析： cut off断绝，切断与……的联系。句意：它防止那些与社会隔绝的人成为骗子的受害者。
9．Rapid economic development ________ (threaten) animal habitats.
threatens　
解析：由语境可知，此处作句子的谓语，并且主语是抽象名词，要用第三人称单数形式。句意：经济的快速发展威胁着动物的栖息地。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Polishing up your article ________________________________ (在写作中起着非常重要的作用).
2．More and more people nowadays choose to arise
________________________________ (保护他们的合法权利).
3．Reading is a shortcut to learn new things and __________________ (保持消息灵通).
plays a vital role in writing
in defence of their legal rights
stay informed
4．Seeing that she wasn't interested in history,
he ___________________________(把话题转向了时尚).
5．If we __________________________________ (继续破坏森林), land desertification (沙漠化) will be unavoidable.
6．The key of garbage classification lies in the
____________________________________________ (对于可回收和不可回收垃圾的准确识别).
switched the topic to fashion
continue to destroy forests
exact recognition of the recyclable and unrecyclable garbage
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共3小题；每小题1分，满分3分)
1．The prices of some ________ (一件商品) in that shop have decreased by 60%.
2．All glass bottles which can't be reused can be ________ (回收利用).
3．I will say no to ________ or paper bags at stores.
items　
recycled
plastic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．It is illegal for hunters ________ (hunt) rare animals.
2．The class is discussing a newspaper article ________ urges citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
3．One-fifth of the animals and plants in this region are under the threat of ________ (extinct).
4．He is unlikely to be a threat ________ the Spanish player in the final.
5．She was about to cry out when she heard her father ________ (urgent) telling her to keep quiet.
to hunt　
that/which
extinction　
to　
urgently　
6．He lives a very simple life as a man who has become ________ (incredible) rich.
7．The ________ (destroy) of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.
8．In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or switches ________ the TV to watch the news.
9．His story is so ________ (inform) that you can really benefit from it.
10．Russell says he broke the law for staying ________ (illegal) for five days in November.
incredibly
destruction　
on　
informative
illegally
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
have a role, do one's part, work on, be bad for, cut down
1．Reading in poor light ____________ people's eyes.
2．As a member of the international society, we ____________ to play.
3．We are constantly being reminded to ____________ our fat intake.
4．He returned to America where he set out to ____________ a new novel.
5．In the past decade, the administration has ____________ in environmental protection.
is bad for　
have a role
cut down
work on　
done its part
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我访问的每一个国家也都在这个项目中发挥作用。
Each of the countries that I'm visiting also ______________________．
2．我明白保护环境就是保护我们人类自己。(see)
_______________ to protect the environment is to protect us human beings.
has a role to play in this project　
I can see that
3．当我老了，我希望我能像她陪伴我一样陪伴我的孩子们。
When I am older, I hope I could be there for my children the way ______________________________．
4．Work hard at English and you will make progress.(句型转换)
→____________________ at English, you will make progress.
that she is for me　
If you work hard
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When I was in the third grade, we had a hunt at school. We gathered up chalk，pencils，stones, and so on, rapidly filling our checklists. It was a very close race. I was out of breath when I reached the clover (三叶草) patch in search of the last, most hard-to-find item: a four-leaf clover.
I was pretty sure that I was going to win. I have always been able to find four-leaf clovers. I just saw them.
I spent my childhood collecting and pressing four-leaf clovers into books at my mother's house. I started with big cloth and leather-bound books. When I ran out of romantically bound volumes, I began to put my treasures into anything I could find: fiction paperbacks and cookbooks. The same is true in my house today. Shake a book, and a papery treasure just might fall into your hand.
A few years ago, in Nova Scotia, my husband and I pulled off the road for a picnic. The ground was thick with clover. Some shoots had four, five, even six leaves. I lined them up on the picnic table to admire as my husband, never yet having found one four-leaf clover, looked on in awe. To me, it was simple. The differences in their shapes popped out, breaking the pretty pattern of the conventional clover with their three perfect leaves.
Two summers back, while waiting for an airport shuttle in Munich, I found a tiny four-leaf clover in a traffic circle and put it into my passport. On the way home, my husband and I were upgraded to business class. Friends attributed our good luck to the clover. I think, it's more likely that we were upgraded because a kind customer service officer took pity on us.
People disagree about whether the luck lies in the finding or in the possession of a four-leaf clover. Some believe that the luck is lost if the four-leaf clover is even shown to somebody else, while others think the luck doubles if it is given away. I believe that positivity is increased by sharing. I feel lucky to find the clovers so often, but I don't think they influence my life any more than it does to share anything a little special—that momentary closeness between you and a friend or a stranger, as you all lean in to wonder at a rare find.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大一直喜欢收集四叶草，并能够比别人更容易地找出四叶草。有些人认为，如果四叶草被展示给别人看，运气就会丧失；而另一些人则认为，如果将四叶草送给别人，运气就会加倍。作者相信分享会增加积极性，找到四叶草并和别人分享的那种亲密感才是重要的。
1．Why can the author notice four-leaf clovers so easily？(　　)
A．She always has good luck.
B．She has a special gift for plants.
C．She practiced a lot in her childhood.
D．She can tell the pattern differences.
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第四段中To me, it was simple. The differences in their shapes popped out, breaking the pretty pattern of the conventional clover with their three perfect leaves.可知，它们形状的差异会突显出来，打破了传统三叶草美丽的形状。所以作者能辨别三叶草和四叶草的形状的区别。
2．How does the author deal with her four-leaf clovers？(　　)
A．She often gives them away.
B．She leaves them everywhere.
C．She treats them with special love.
D．She admires them with her husband.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第三段可以看出作者非常乐于收集四叶草；第五段中介绍了作者在机场看见一片小的四叶草也会夹在护照里；在作者眼中，四叶草是她的“treasure”并乐于向丈夫、朋友分享。由此可以判断出作者对四叶草有着特别的爱。
3．How does the author understand luck and clovers？(　　)
A．The closeness brought by clovers really counts.
B．Clovers will influence one's good luck a lot.
C．Good luck means finding or owning a clover.
D．Good luck may double if you give clovers away.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由最后一段中I don't think they influence my life any more than it does to share anything a little special—that momentary closeness between you and a friend or a stranger, as you all lean in to wonder at a rare find.判断出作者认为四叶草带来的亲密感才是重要的。
4．What may be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Hunting Clovers B．Sharing Clovers
C．Not Just for Luck D．Just for Luck
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。作者通过自己的经历，旨在表达并不只是四叶草能带来幸运，找到四叶草并和别人分享的那种亲密才是最重要的。故C选项“不只是运气”为短文的最佳标题。
B
A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal world's most productive long distance traveler—flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent—according to a newly published research.
Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes. They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada, Japan, Korea, India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation. Apparently—somehow—these insects are traveling distances that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.
But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved. “These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”
Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa. “They are following the weather，” says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Ware's lab. “They're going from India where it's the dry season to Africa where it's the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”
Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide.” The species depends on it. While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.
For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect travel are a best educated guess. Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together. Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting those routes.
【语篇解读】　
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
5．What proves Pantala flavescens are the world's longest-distance flyers？(　　)
A．Scientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.
B．There are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.
C．The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.
D．Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因。反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞到过那儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。
6．What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance？(　　)
A．Their special body shape.
B．Their ability to use wind.
C．Their small and light bodys.
D．Their large and strong wings.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上表面积的增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风飞行的能力)正确。
7．What is necessary for Pantala flavescens to reproduce？(　　)
A．Damp weather.
B．Enough sunshine.
C．Dry environment.
D．Warm nests.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce可知这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候。
8．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to？(　　)
A．The weather. B．The insect.
C．The wind. D．The trip.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，对于这种昆虫来说，这种危险的旅行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种旅行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知，it指的是上文的危险旅行。
Ⅵ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a best seller all over the world. It tells a story which happened between mice and people. 1(____)
The book tells us that when facing changes in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. 2(____) The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students. Several teenagers are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.
The four are in a maze (迷宫) looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. 3(____) The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can't do this. 4(____)
After Chris finishes the story, his friends understand one thing: 5(____) His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teenagers face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本美国畅销书《谁动了我的奶酪》。
A．I bought one last week and found it very interesting.
B．Instead, use these changes to make a better life.
C．However, some strange things happened in a school.
D．Its author Spencer Johnson has written the book just for teenagers.
E．To get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly.
F．But they find the cheese is gone.
G．They are afraid of changes so they find no cheese.
1．答案与解析：D　前文提到“《谁动了我的奶酪》讲述了一个发生在老鼠和人之间的故事。”是该书的内容简介，D选项“该书的作者斯宾塞·约翰逊专为青少年写了这本书。”为作者的介绍，与前文对应。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：B　前文提到“这本书告诉我们，当我们面对生活中的变化时，比如新学校或新朋友，不要害怕”，B项“相反，利用这些变化来创造更好的生活。”与前文的内容衔接自然，“changes”与前文呼应。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：F　前文提到“在这里，奶酪意味着生活中重要的事情，比如搬到一个新的班级或进入大学。”指生活中出现了新变化，奶酪自然就不见了，后文又提到“必须找到更多的奶酪”。F项“但是他们发现奶酪不见了。”承上启下。故选F项。
4．答案与解析：G　上句提到“小矮人做不到这个”，G项“他们害怕变化，所以找不到奶酪。”解释前句小矮人找不到奶酪的原因。故选G项。
5．答案与解析：E　根据设空处前文可知，此处总结文章主旨，结合全文的启示，在生活中遇到变化时，我们需要快速融入环境。E项“为了得到更多的奶酪，快速地朝新的方向前进。”与文章的主旨相对应。故选E项。

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