资源简介

(共80张PPT)
Section C　Lesson 2　
Top Five Secrets of Success
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 杂交的
n. 杂交种；混合体
2．____________ n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度
3．____________ vt. 拒绝接受
4．____________ n. 合同；契约
5．____________ vt. 说服；使确信
hybrid
minimum
reject
contract
convince
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人→________ adj.有影响力的
2．________ vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→________ n．关爱；奉献；专心→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的
3．________ vt.生产，制造→________ n．生产；产量→________ n．产品
influence
influential　
devote
devotion
devoted
produce
production
product
4．________ v．成为……的动机；激励，激发→________n．动机→________ adj.积极的，主动的→___________ adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
5．________ vt.限制，限定→______________ n．限制，限定→________ adj.有限的→________ adj.无限制的
6．________ vt.说服；使确信→________ adj.确信的，信服的→________ adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
motivate
motivation
motivated
motivating
limit
limit/limitation
limited
limitless
convince
convinced
convincing
7．champion n．冠军→____________ n．冠军称号，冠军地位
8．reject vt.拒绝接受→________ n．拒绝　(同义) refuse
9．attract vt.吸引→________ vt.分散(思想)，转移(注意力)→________ n．使人分心的事物　(生义)n.消遣
10．________ vt.出版　(生义)v.发表→________ n.出版商
championship　
rejection　
distract
distraction
publish
publisher
top five secrets of success　
one of the most influential scientists
devote his life to rice production　
remove hunger　
win three major world championships　
give her a contract　
at the bottom　
it's very motivating

有远见和决心　
开办某人的企业
致力于……
给了他相比……很大的优势
核心单词
1．influential adj.有影响力的　influence v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人
(教材原句)Take Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, one of the most influential scientists in agriculture, for example.
以杂交水稻之父、农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一袁隆平为例。
an influential figure 有影响力的人物
a highly influential book 一本十分有影响力的书
be influential in (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有影响
influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
influence sb. in sth. 在……方面影响某人
the influence on 对……的影响
under the influence of 在……的影响之下
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
have an influence over 有左右……的力量；对……有影响
The factor is influential in reaching a decision.
这一因素对做出决定是有影响的。
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。
Influential friends helped him to get a good job.
有权势的朋友们帮他弄到一份美差。
What influenced you to do so？是什么影响你这么做？
Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of university.
她父母试图影响她对大学的选择。
[语境助记]
Emma says it's challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.
埃玛说，作为一名健康专家很有挑战性，因为人们很容易受到缺乏科学依据的广告的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The education I have received is ________ (influence) in forming my character.
②He begins writing ________ the influence of his friend, Robert Frost.
③You are the leader and only you can be influential ________ the decision.
④His teaching methods still have a strong influence ____________ young people.
influential　
under
in　
on/upon　
完成句子
⑤He committed the crime ______________________ (在……的影响下) alcohol.
⑥What my parents said and did ______________________________ (影响我努力学习).
under the influence of　
influenced me to work hard at lessons
2．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于；把……用于　devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的　devotion n．奉献；忠心；热爱
(教材原句)For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to rice production...50多年来，他致力于水稻生产……
devote one's life/time/energy to... 把生命/时间/精力献给(用于)……
devote oneself to... 专心于/献身于……
be devoted to 专心于/致力于……的；献身于……的
be devoted to sb. 深爱某人
a devoted son 孝子
a devoted friend 忠诚的朋友
He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.
他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生奉献给这门学科。
He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学英语。
She was devoted to her mother and looked after her for many years.她深爱着她的母亲并照顾了她很多年。
Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。
[误区警示]　他专心致志地学习英语。
He devotes his attention to study English．(×)
He devotes his attention to studying English．(√)
He devotes his attention to the study of English．(√)
devote...to中to是介词，其后只能接名词或动名词作宾语，而不能接动词原形。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every time I saw him, he always devoted ________ (he) to his work.
②Half of these plots are devoted to ________ (raise) improved seeds.
③We looked up to you as a shining example of devotion ________ the scientific cause.
④Leslie Nielsen's ________ (devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
⑤This department of the store is ________ (devote) to machine tools and engineering needs.
⑥He ______________ (devote) to the cause of education for many years.
himself
raising
to
devotion　
devoted
has been devoted
3．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度　adj.最少的；最低限度的　maximum n．最大量；最大限度　adj.最高的；最大极限的
(教材原句)．..you need to practise for a minimum of 10，000 hours.……你需要练习至少10 000小时。
a minimum of 至少；最少的
at a minimum 最少；最低限度
to the minimum/maximum 到最小/大值；最小/大限度地
be at a minimum 处于最低限度
at the minimum cost 以最低的成本
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
reduce...to a minimum 把……减少到最小/低限度
The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.
这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。
At a minimum, we must recruit two new teachers.
我们最起码应该招两名新教师。
The minimum number of students we need to run the course is fifteen.我们开这门课程最少要有15个学生。
The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum.
这项工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你所有的技能。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Repairing your car will cost ________ minimum of 100 dollars.
②You should use your work experience ________ the maximum to achieve your goal.
③Their strategy is designed to achieve its ends ________ a minimum cost.
完成句子
④The paper will be two thousand words ________________ (至少).
a
to
at
at a minimum
4．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用；冷落；排斥　n．废品，次品　rejection n．拒绝，嫌弃
(教材原句)．..the author J．K. Rowling didn't listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who rejected her books.……作家J.K.罗琳没有听信拒绝她书的那12家出版商的负面评论。
He was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner.
他担心她会因他是外国人而拒绝他。
Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don't see their parents regularly.
小孩子如果不能经常见到父母，就会感到被遗弃或冷落。
He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.
他因怕遭拒绝而决定不再去找她。
[比较]　reject/refuse
(1)reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”，不可接不定式作宾语；
(2)refuse vi. & vt.普通用词，“拒绝”，可接不定式作宾语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When her husband left home, she felt ________ (reject) and useless.
②However, the offer ____________ (reject) by Dr Lin, who wanted to serve the women and children at home.
③Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it's absolutely necessary.
④The prime minister ________ (reject) any idea of reforming the system.
rejected
was rejected　
rejection
rejected
选词填空：reject/refuse
⑤I absolutely ________ to take part in anything that's illegal.
⑥When she was sent to a boarding school, she felt ________ by her parents.
refuse　
rejected
5．limit vt.& n．限制，限定
(教材原句)．..such as making to-do lists and limiting time on social networking and other distractions.……如制订待办事项清单，限制社交网络和其他干扰活动的时间。
limit...to... 把……限定在……
set a limit to/on 设定……的限度；限制，控制
within (the) limits 不超出限度/有一定限制
beyond/over the limit 超过限度
without limits 无节制地
to the limit 达到极限
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
We must limit the expense to what we can afford.
我们必须把开销限制在我们的经济能力范围内。
The author will limit himself to discussion of these two topics.
作者只准备讨论这两个题目。
Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
给你每天要做的事情在数量上设定一个限度，然后坚持下去。
She has to work within the limits of a fairly tight budget.
她不得不在相当紧张的预算范围内精打细算。
There is no limit to what we can accomplish if we work hard enough.只要足够努力，我们就能做成任何事。
[单词积累]　limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限制的
limitation n．限制
My life is limited, but learning is limitless.
吾生有涯，而知无涯。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must set a limit ________ the expense of the trip.
②I'll help as much as I can, but there's ________ limit to what I can do.
③All the talk had been about the ________ (limit) of nuclear weapons.
④The noise of your radio must ________ (limit) to a level that we can all bear.
⑤There is a limit ________ what one person can do.
⑥My knowledge of running a restaurant is ________ (limit).
to/on　
a
limitation
be limited　
to
limited

We were able to convince the students of the need for extensive reading.
我们能让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性。
I think you will help me convince my uncle to leave.
我认为你会帮我说服我叔叔离开。
I could not convince my father that there was no need for him to go there.我无法使父亲相信他没有必要去那儿。
[一言辨异]　In order to convince us of his honesty, he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个有说服力的事例，这些事例可以使我们相信他的诚实。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I've been trying to convince him ________ (see) a doctor.
②You'll need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job.
③Johnson's ___________ (convince) speech won most of the committee over to his opinions.
④I'm not ________ (convince) that your idea will work, but I'll keep an open mind for the moment.
完成句子
⑤Scientists ________________ (相信) the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
to see　
of
convincing　
convinced　
are convinced of
7．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的　motivate v．激励，激发　motivation n．动机
(教材原句)I think it's very useful and motivating.
我认为这很有用并且它很激励人。
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……激励/激发；出于……的动机
one's motivation for (doing)... 某人(做)……的动机
lose motivation for doing sth. 失去做某事的动机(兴趣)
lack motivation in sth. 在某事上缺乏积极性
I like the music; It's motivating.
我喜欢此音乐；它很有激励作用。
His greed for money motivated him to do such a thing.
他对钱的贪欲促使他做了这种事。
He lacks motivation in his study.他学习上没有积极性。
We don't understand his motivation for doing such a thing.
我们不懂他做此事的动机。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A ________ (motivate) manager knows how to help others make things happen.
②The plan is designed ________ (motivate) employees to work more efficiently.
③Many of the boys have a very strong ________ (motivate) ________ football.
④His strong motivation ________ (succeed) made him work hard day and night.
motivating
to motivate
motivation
for/in
to succeed
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His presentation ran over the time ________ (限制).
2．You must reject _________ (使人分心的事物) and concentrate on your work at hand.
3．I sincerely hope this will ________ (使信服) you to change your mind.
4．Two top competitors have been disqualified from the ____________ (冠军称号) after positive drug tests.
limit　
distractions
convince
championship
5．I'm only on a temporary ________ (合同) and barely have a say in the team.
6．The host's proposal is not __________ (起激励作用的) to the guests.
7．He is regarded as one of the most __________ (有影响力的) film directors of his generation.
8．The astronaut ________ (把……奉献给) his life to serving his country.
9．My nephew needs ￡200 ____________ (最小量) for his holiday expenses.
10．It was so hard to find a __________ (出版商) for her first novel that she felt depressed.
contract　
motivating
influential　
devoted
minimum　
publisher
Ⅱ.短语填空
be influential in, be rejected by, devote one's life to, be motivated by, limit...to, convince...of
1．The competitor _______________ the company because of his poor eyesight last year.
2．The fact ____________ reaching a contract.
3．You are advised to ________ your presentation ________ 10 minutes.
4．It is generally accepted that ambitious people ____________ success.
5．The professor ________________ academic research.
6．You can never ______________ the alcoholics ____________ the bad effect of excessive drinking.
was rejected by
is influential in　
limit
to
are motivated by　
devoted his life to　
convince
of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The tests show that the social environment is extremely ________ (influence) when we're making decisions.
influential　
解析：形容词作表语。句意：这些测试表明，在我们做决定时社会环境有极大的影响。
2．In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, ________ (devote) myself to my work.
devoting
解析：主语I与devote之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。句意：在未来，我将成为一名救死扶伤的好医生，致力于我的工作。
3．He says it's not easy to convince people ________ nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
that　
解析： convince sb. that使某人相信……。句意：他说，让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是环保的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
4．Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay ________ (motivate) after one or two nights.
motivated
解析：连系动词stay后接形容词作表语。motivated主动的，积极的。句意：除非你能睡个好觉，否则一两个晚上之后，你就会丧失集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。
5．Many people in China have ________ (limit) exposure to English.
limited　
解析：修饰名词exposure应该用形容词形式，故填limited。句意：许多中国人接触英语的机会有限。
6．I felt some kind of relief and convinced him ________ his capability to fulfil this ambition since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination.
of　
解析： convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事，为固定搭配。句意：我感到有些宽慰，并让他相信他有能力实现这个抱负，因为他有足够的练习和坚定的决心。
7．All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to ________ (protect) oceans.
protecting　
解析： devote oneself to doing sth.致力于做某事，为固定搭配。句意：总之，我们是时候致力于保护海洋了。
8．It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables ________ (reject) by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
rejected　
解析：分析语境可知，此处________ by grocers是分词短语作后置定语，修饰vegetables，因为蔬菜是“被拒绝”的，故用过去分词形式。句意：令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少非常好的食物被扔掉——从被食品杂货商拒绝接受的“丑陋”(但还可以食用)的蔬菜，到大量没吃完的被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．______________________________ (为了帮助更多的贫困儿童), the rich man set up the charity.
2．Having so little money to spend on a car does
________________________________ (萨姆只能买一辆二手车).
3．All the staff ________________________________________________
(都深信这次改革会给他们带来一个新的开始).
4．____________________ (他跑步的动机) is to build up his body.
5．The organs ________ automatically ________ by the immune system (这些器官受到免疫系统的自动排斥).
Devoted to helping more poor children
limit Sam to a used/second-hand car
are convinced that the reform will bring them a new start
His motivation for running
are
rejected
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分)
1．I wanted to sign a ________ (合同) for one or two years.
2．Food ________ (产量) has already fallen behind the population growth.
3．Temperatures will fall to a ________ (最低限度) of 5 degrees Celsius.
4．She did it again at the World ____________ in Britain, becoming the world champion.
contract　
production　
minimum　
Championships
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)
1．The books sold out in one day, so the ________ (publish) had to print another ten thousand copies.
2．One of my ablest students ________ (reject) by another university yesterday.
3．Scientists say there is no ________ (convince) evidence that lines on the palm have anything to do with cancer.
4．Chaplin was not only a genius but also among the most ________ (influence) figures in film history.
publisher
was rejected
convincing
influential
5．The Jungle Book is ________ good read and is suitable for all ages.
6．This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be ________ (motivate).
7．Although he has ________ (limit) technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
8．I think smokers should devote much more time to ________ (adjust) to the new environment without tobaccos.
a
motivating　
limited
adjusting
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
contribute to, give sb. an advantage over, focus on, devote one's life to, check out
1．Please remember to leave your room key at the reception desk when you ____________．
2．Michael Jackson endlessly ____________ helping others in their darkest time.
check out
devoted his life to　
3．The rise of online second-hand book platforms and sharing ideas ____________ the booming of book recycling.
4．His teaching experience _________________________ other applicants.
5．Don't ____________ what you're lacking. Instead, you should be content with what you've already had.
contributed to
gives him an advantage over
focus on
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我们需要母语为英语的申请者。(native)
We need applicants ____________________________．
2．如果你学会把你的知识和经验结合起来，我们确信你将会成功。(combine)
____________________________________________________， we are sure that you will succeed.
who are native English speakers
If you learn to combine your knowledge with experience
3．如果你已经学会了如何使用它，它可以给你任何你梦想的东西。(疑问词＋to do)
It can give you whatever you dream of it you have learned _________．
4．海洋不仅为我们提供了足够的食物，而且还保持了自然的平衡。(部分倒装)
__________________________________， but also it maintains the balance of nature.
how to use it
Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
A
Have you ever had one of those days when all you wanted to do was read an emotionally powerful story that would cause you to tears Most of us tend to be attracted by stories that reach us on multiple levels, including sadness. There are plenty of books that make you cry (and sometimes laugh) and that you can really sink your teeth into. Here are four of them.
1．The Kite Runner
This realistic and moving description of life in Afghanistan accounts for the people who were badly affected by the Taliban. You'll cry as you get to know the familial relationships and cruelty involved, but you'll also get a sense of hope as you quickly read through this appealing novel.
2．The Book Thief
Let's put it this way: Death itself is the narrator. The story is about a young girl named Liesel who has to live with foster parents during World War Ⅱ. On the way to her new home，her brother dies, setting the gloomy tone for the story. There is hope, however, when Liesel discovers her love for reading and makes a relationship with a young Jewish man she helps hide from the Nazis.
3．The Fault in Our Stars
This is probably the most likely book on the list to make you cry, as it records the experiences of teens who are dying from cancer and living their last days in love. Their lifestyle is tragic and disturbing at the same time, as we watch their health worsen. The real tragedy is the love story between the main characters, who know that their romance is fruitless.
4．A Child Called “It”
Easily one of the saddest stories of abuse in recent decades, A Child Called “It” is based on the true story of Dave Pelzer, a boy from California who suffered at the hands of his cruel family. The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration tied to Dave's fight for survival in an environment where he is believed worthless.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了令人感动的四本书。
1．What do the four books have in common？(　　)
A．They are all about cruel wars.
B．They are all about suffering children.
C．They all probably make you cry.
D．They are all adapted from true stories.
答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“There are plenty of books that make you cry (and sometimes laugh) and that you can really sink your teeth into.”可知，本文介绍的四本书都有可能让你感动得热泪盈眶。故选C。
2．Which book is about a young victim whose family treated him cruelly？(　　)
A．The Kite Runner.
B．The Book Thief.
C．The Fault in Our Stars.
D．A Child Called “It”．
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A Child Called ‘It’ is based on the true story of Dave Pelzer, a boy from California who suffered at the hands of his cruel family.”可知，第四本书的主人公Dave被家人残忍地对待。故选D。
3．The passage is intended to ________．(　　)
A．inspire us to read more
B．introduce some moving books
C．explain why we love reading
D．advise us to buy some books
答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“There are plenty of books that make you cry (and sometimes laugh) and that you can really sink your teeth into. Here are four of them.”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了令人感动的四本书。故选B。
B
It's at this time of the year that marathon recovery, not marathon training, starts to take center stage.
Research indicates that the muscle damage from running a marathon can last up to two weeks. The research also indicates that muscle soreness (肌肉酸痛) is not a good indicator of muscular healing. In other words, just because you aren't sore anymore doesn't mean that you are fully healed. This is the danger for marathon runners: post-marathon muscular soreness fades after a few days but minor damage within the muscle cells remains. If you return to full training too soon—running more and faster than the tissues are ready for—you risk delaying full recovery and the chance to get ready for your next goal.
The solution, it appears, is to recognize (and accept) that the muscles will take a while to heal and to be prepared to take it easy for the first couple of weeks (even longer if you're particularly sore after your marathon). While the research isn't very promising when it comes to things to do to reduce soreness and aid healing, a couple of concepts appear to help. First, providing gentle blood flow to the area helps bring healing nutrients into the muscles and also helps to remove waste products and damaged tissue. Walking and gentle massage (按摩) can help, particularly in the first few days after a marathon. Once muscle soreness has significantly reduced (usually two to four days after the race), light jogging can commence. Just be mindful to run very slowly.
No runner wants to get super fit and then lose that during the recovery process. But since you must reduce your training load following your marathon, it can be difficult as to how much and how soon to insert running into your post-marathon training.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。马拉松赛后运动员常会肌肉酸痛。研究表明肌肉不再酸痛不是肌肉治愈的标志，运动员仍需休息几天才能彻底康复。文章就彻底康复提供了两点行之有效的办法。
4．When should marathon runners return to full training？(　　)
A．About half a month after the competition.
B．A few days after soreness disappears.
C．Before the tissues recover completely.
D．Before the next game draws closer.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。题干问的是运动员什么时候可以返回训练。根据第二段第一句“Research indicates that the muscle damage from running a marathon can last up to two weeks.”可知，肌肉伤害可能会持续两周时间。因此，赛后约半个月运动员才能返回训练。故选A。
5．How can marathon runners reduce their muscle soreness？(　　)
A．Through family care.
B．By doing gentle exercise.
C．Through medical treatment.
D．By removing damaged tissue.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。题干问的是马拉松运动员如何能减轻肌肉酸痛。根据第三段倒数第三句“Walking and gentle massage (按摩)can help, particularly in the first few days after a marathon.”可知，在赛后的几天里散步和轻柔按摩有帮助。因此，轻微锻炼可减轻酸痛。故选B。
6．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “commence” in Paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Fit. B．Heal.
C．Start. D．Mend.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，一旦肌肉酸痛明显减轻就可以开始慢跑了，记住一定要跑得非常慢。结合选项可知，start意为“开始”，符合题意。故选C。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．Recovery After Marathon
B．Soreness with Sports
C．Healing Muscle Soreness
D．Reducing Training Load
答案与解析：A　标题概括题。题干问的是本文最适合的标题是什么。通读全文可知，本文主要对马拉松后的康复提出了建议。故选A。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的发展过程及现状。
8．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times？(　　)
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Some language...between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前世界上只有500万到1 000万人，但他们可能说12 000种语言；该题问的是关于狩猎采集时代的语言我们能推断出什么。根据第一段第二句和关键句可知，狩猎采集时期的人口非常少，但人们使用很多种语言。故选B。
9．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2？(　　)
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。该题问的是下列哪一项可以最好地解释第二段中的画线词“dominant”。根据画线词所在句的内容可知，许多语言正在消失，而像英语、西班牙语和汉语等重要的语言正在取而代之。因此画线词的词义与C项最为接近。故选C。
10．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？(　　)
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，“目前世界上大约有6 800种语言”，根据第三段最后一句，可知“说某种语言的人的中位数只有6 000，这意味着世界上有一半的语言其使用人数少于6 000人。”该题问的是目前少于6 000人使用的语言有多少种。根据关键句可知，6 800种语言的一半是3 400种。故选B。
11．What is the main idea of the text？(　　)
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。该题问的是本篇文章的主旨大意是什么。根据第一段第一句“Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.”，并结合下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人类的不断发展导致语言种类越来越少。故选C。Section C　Lesson 2　Top Five Secrets of Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 杂交的
n. 杂交种；混合体
2．____________ n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度
3．____________ vt. 拒绝接受
4．____________ n. 合同；契约
5．____________ vt. 说服；使确信
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人→________ adj.有影响力的
2．________ vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→________ n．关爱；奉献；专心→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的
3．________ vt.生产，制造→________ n．生产；产量→________ n．产品
4．________ v．成为……的动机；激励，激发→________n．动机→________ adj.积极的，主动的→________ adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
5．________ vt.限制，限定→________ n．限制，限定→________ adj.有限的→________ adj.无限制的
6．________ vt.说服；使确信→________ adj.确信的，信服的→________ adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
7．champion n．冠军→________ n．冠军称号，冠军地位
8．reject vt.拒绝接受→________ n．拒绝　(同义) refuse
9．attract vt.吸引→________ vt.分散(思想)，转移(注意力)→________ n．使人分心的事物　(生义)n.消遣
10．________ vt.出版　(生义)v.发表→________ n.出版商
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 成功的五大秘诀
2．________________ 最有影响力的科学家之一
3．________________ 他毕生致力于水稻生产
4．________________ 消除饥饿
5．________________ 获得三次大的世界冠军
6．________________ 给她一份合同
7．________________ 在低谷
8．________________ 这是非常鼓舞人心的
将英文短语译成汉语
1．have vision and determination ________________
2．start one's business ________________
3．be committed to... ________________
4．give him a big advantage over... ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．influential adj.有影响力的　influence v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人
(教材原句)Take Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, one of the most influential scientists in agriculture, for example.
以杂交水稻之父、农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一袁隆平为例。
an influential figure 有影响力的人物
a highly influential book 一本十分有影响力的书
be influential in (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有影响
influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
influence sb. in sth. 在……方面影响某人
the influence on 对……的影响
under the influence of 在……的影响之下
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
have an influence over 有左右……的力量；
对……有影响
The factor is influential in reaching a decision.
这一因素对做出决定是有影响的。
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。
Influential friends helped him to get a good job.
有权势的朋友们帮他弄到一份美差。
What influenced you to do so？是什么影响你这么做？
Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of university.
她父母试图影响她对大学的选择。
[语境助记]
Emma says it's challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.
埃玛说，作为一名健康专家很有挑战性，因为人们很容易受到缺乏科学依据的广告的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The education I have received is ________ (influence) in forming my character.
②He begins writing ________ the influence of his friend, Robert Frost.
③You are the leader and only you can be influential ________ the decision.
④His teaching methods still have a strong influence ________ young people.
完成句子
⑤He committed the crime ______________________ (在……的影响下) alcohol.
⑥What my parents said and did ________________________ (影响我努力学习).
2．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于；把……用于　devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的　devotion n．奉献；忠心；热爱
(教材原句)For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to rice production...50多年来，他致力于水稻生产……
devote one's life/time/energy to...
把生命/时间/精力献给(用于)……
devote oneself to... 专心于/献身于……
be devoted to 专心于/致力于……的；献身于……的
be devoted to sb. 深爱某人
a devoted son 孝子
a devoted friend 忠诚的朋友
He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.
他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生奉献给这门学科。
He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学英语。
She was devoted to her mother and looked after her for many years.她深爱着她的母亲并照顾了她很多年。
Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。
[误区警示]　他专心致志地学习英语。
He devotes his attention to study English．(×)
He devotes his attention to studying English．(√)
He devotes his attention to the study of English．(√)
devote...to中to是介词，其后只能接名词或动名词作宾语，而不能接动词原形。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every time I saw him, he always devoted ________ (he) to his work.
②Half of these plots are devoted to ________ (raise) improved seeds.
③We looked up to you as a shining example of devotion ________ the scientific cause.
④Leslie Nielsen's ________ (devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
⑤This department of the store is ________ (devote) to machine tools and engineering needs.
⑥He ____________ (devote) to the cause of education for many years.
3．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度　adj.最少的；最低限度的　maximum n．最大量；最大限度　adj.最高的；最大极限的
(教材原句)．..you need to practise for a minimum of 10，000 hours.……你需要练习至少10 000小时。
a minimum of 至少；最少的
at a minimum 最少；最低限度
to the minimum/maximum 到最小/大值；最小/大限度地
be at a minimum 处于最低限度
at the minimum cost 以最低的成本
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
reduce...to a minimum 把……减少到最小/低限度
The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.
这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。
At a minimum, we must recruit two new teachers.
我们最起码应该招两名新教师。
The minimum number of students we need to run the course is fifteen.我们开这门课程最少要有15个学生。
The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum.
这项工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你所有的技能。,[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Repairing your car will cost ________ minimum of 100 dollars.
②You should use your work experience ________ the maximum to achieve your goal.
③Their strategy is designed to achieve its ends ________ a minimum cost.
完成句子
④The paper will be two thousand words ________________ (至少).
4．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用；冷落；排斥　n．废品，次品　rejection n．拒绝，嫌弃
(教材原句)．..the author J．K. Rowling didn't listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who rejected her books.……作家J.K.罗琳没有听信拒绝她书的那12家出版商的负面评论。
(1)reject one's idea/suggestion/plan
拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划
reject
reject sb. 拒绝某人
be rejected by 被……拒绝
be firmly rejected 被断然拒绝
(2)a rejection letter 一封回绝信
rejection reaction 排异反应
He was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner.
他担心她会因他是外国人而拒绝他。
Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don't see their parents regularly.
小孩子如果不能经常见到父母，就会感到被遗弃或冷落。
He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.
他因怕遭拒绝而决定不再去找她。
[比较]　reject/refuse
(1)reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”，不可接不定式作宾语；
(2)refuse vi. & vt.普通用词，“拒绝”，可接不定式作宾语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When her husband left home, she felt ________ (reject) and useless.
②However, the offer ________ (reject) by Dr Lin, who wanted to serve the women and children at home.
③Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it's absolutely necessary.
④The prime minister ________ (reject) any idea of reforming the system.
选词填空：reject/refuse
⑤I absolutely ________ to take part in anything that's illegal.
⑥When she was sent to a boarding school, she felt ________ by her parents.
5．limit vt.& n．限制，限定
(教材原句)．..such as making to-do lists and limiting time on social networking and other distractions.……如制订待办事项清单，限制社交网络和其他干扰活动的时间。
limit...to... 把……限定在……
set a limit to/on 设定……的限度；限制，控制
within (the) limits 不超出限度/有一定限制
beyond/over the limit 超过限度
without limits 无节制地
to the limit 达到极限
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
We must limit the expense to what we can afford.
我们必须把开销限制在我们的经济能力范围内。
The author will limit himself to discussion of these two topics.
作者只准备讨论这两个题目。
Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
给你每天要做的事情在数量上设定一个限度，然后坚持下去。
She has to work within the limits of a fairly tight budget.
她不得不在相当紧张的预算范围内精打细算。
There is no limit to what we can accomplish if we work hard enough.只要足够努力，我们就能做成任何事。
[单词积累]　limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限制的
limitation n．限制
My life is limited, but learning is limitless.
吾生有涯，而知无涯。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must set a limit ________ the expense of the trip.
②I'll help as much as I can, but there's ________ limit to what I can do.
③All the talk had been about the ________ (limit) of nuclear weapons.
④The noise of your radio must ________ (limit) to a level that we can all bear.
⑤There is a limit ________ what one person can do.
⑥My knowledge of running a restaurant is ________ (limit).
6．convince vt.使确信；使信服；说服　convinced adj.确信的，信服的　convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
(教材原句)…you've convinced me to read this book!
……你说服了我去读这本书！
convince
be convinced of... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that... 确信……
be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信……；笃信……；坚信……
a convincing
We were able to convince the students of the need for extensive reading.
我们能让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性。
I think you will help me convince my uncle to leave.
我认为你会帮我说服我叔叔离开。
I could not convince my father that there was no need for him to go there.我无法使父亲相信他没有必要去那儿。
[一言辨异]　In order to convince us of his honesty, he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个有说服力的事例，这些事例可以使我们相信他的诚实。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I've been trying to convince him ________ (see) a doctor.
②You'll need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job.
③Johnson's ________ (convince) speech won most of the committee over to his opinions.
④I'm not ________ (convince) that your idea will work, but I'll keep an open mind for the moment.
完成句子
⑤Scientists ________________ (相信) the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
7．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的　motivate v．激励，激发　motivation n．动机
(教材原句)I think it's very useful and motivating.
我认为这很有用并且它很激励人。
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……激励/激发；出于……的动机
one's motivation for (doing)... 某人(做)……的动机
lose motivation for doing sth. 失去做某事的动机(兴趣)
lack motivation in sth. 在某事上缺乏积极性
I like the music; It's motivating.
我喜欢此音乐；它很有激励作用。
His greed for money motivated him to do such a thing.
他对钱的贪欲促使他做了这种事。
He lacks motivation in his study.他学习上没有积极性。
We don't understand his motivation for doing such a thing.
我们不懂他做此事的动机。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A ________ (motivate) manager knows how to help others make things happen.
②The plan is designed ________ (motivate) employees to work more efficiently.
③Many of the boys have a very strong ________ (motivate) ________ football.
④His strong motivation ________ (succeed) made him work hard day and night.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His presentation ran over the time ________ (限制).
2．You must reject ________ (使人分心的事物) and concentrate on your work at hand.
3．I sincerely hope this will ________ (使信服) you to change your mind.
4．Two top competitors have been disqualified from the ________ (冠军称号) after positive drug tests.
5．I'm only on a temporary ________ (合同) and barely have a say in the team.
6．The host's proposal is not ________ (起激励作用的) to the guests.
7．He is regarded as one of the most ________ (有影响力的) film directors of his generation.
8．The astronaut ________ (把……奉献给) his life to serving his country.
9．My nephew needs ￡200 ________ (最小量) for his holiday expenses.
10．It was so hard to find a ________ (出版商) for her first novel that she felt depressed.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be influential in, be rejected by, devote one's life to, be motivated by, limit...to, convince...of
1．The competitor ____________ the company because of his poor eyesight last year.
2．The fact ____________ reaching a contract.
3．You are advised to ________ your presentation ________ 10 minutes.
4．It is generally accepted that ambitious people ____________ success.
5．The professor ____________ academic research.
6．You can never ____________ the alcoholics ____________ the bad effect of excessive drinking.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The tests show that the social environment is extremely ________ (influence) when we're making decisions.
2．In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, ________ (devote) myself to my work.
3．He says it's not easy to convince people ________ nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
4．Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay ________ (motivate) after one or two nights.
5．Many people in China have ________ (limit) exposure to English.
6．I felt some kind of relief and convinced him ________ his capability to fulfil this ambition since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination.
7．All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to ________ (protect) oceans.
8．It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables ________ (reject) by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．__________________________________________ (为了帮助更多的贫困儿童), the rich man set up the charity.
2．Having so little money to spend on a car does __________________________________ (萨姆只能买一辆二手车).
3．All the staff ______________________________________________________________
(都深信这次改革会给他们带来一个新的开始).
4．____________________ (他跑步的动机) is to build up his body.
5．The organs ________ automatically ________ by the immune system (这些器官受到免疫系统的自动排斥).
Section C　Lesson 2　Top Five Secrets of Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．hybrid　2.minimum　3.reject　4.contract　5.convince
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．influence; influential　2.devote; devotion; devoted
3．produce; production; product　4.motivate; motivation; motivated; motivating　5.limit; limit/limitation; limited; limitless
6．convince; convinced; convincing　7.championship　
8．rejection　9.distract; distraction　10.publish; publisher
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．top five secrets of success　2.one of the most influential scientists　3.devote his life to rice production　4.remove hunger　5.win three major world championships　6.give her a contract　7.at the bottom　8.it's very motivating
1．有远见和决心　2.开办某人的企业　3.致力于……
4．给了他相比……很大的优势
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①influential　②under　③in　④on/upon　⑤under the influence of　⑥influenced me to work hard at lessons
2．①himself　②raising　③to　④devotion　⑤devoted
⑥has been devoted
3．①a　②to　③at　④at a minimum
4．①rejected　②was rejected　③rejection　④rejected
⑤refuse　⑥rejected
5．①to/on　②a　③limitation　④be limited　⑤to　⑥limited
6．①to see　②of　③convincing　④convinced　⑤are convinced of
7．①motivating　②to motivate　③motivation; for/in
④to succeed
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．limit　2.distractions　3.convince　4.championship
5．contract　6.motivating　7.influential　8.devoted
9．minimum　10.publisher
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．was rejected by　2.is influential in　3.limit; to　4.are motivated by　5.devoted his life to　6.convince; of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：influential　形容词作表语。句意：这些测试表明，在我们做决定时社会环境有极大的影响。
2．答案与解析：devoting　主语I与devote之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。句意：在未来，我将成为一名救死扶伤的好医生，致力于我的工作。
3．答案与解析：that　convince sb. that使某人相信……。句意：他说，让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是环保的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
4．答案与解析：motivated　连系动词stay后接形容词作表语。motivated主动的，积极的。句意：除非你能睡个好觉，否则一两个晚上之后，你就会丧失集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。
5．答案与解析：limited　修饰名词exposure应该用形容词形式，故填limited。句意：许多中国人接触英语的机会有限。
6．答案与解析：of　convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事，为固定搭配。句意：我感到有些宽慰，并让他相信他有能力实现这个抱负，因为他有足够的练习和坚定的决心。
7．答案与解析：protecting　devote oneself to doing sth.致力于做某事，为固定搭配。句意：总之，我们是时候致力于保护海洋了。
8．答案与解析：rejected　分析语境可知，此处________ by grocers是分词短语作后置定语，修饰vegetables，因为蔬菜是“被拒绝”的，故用过去分词形式。句意：令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少非常好的食物被扔掉——从被食品杂货商拒绝接受的“丑陋”(但还可以食用)的蔬菜，到大量没吃完的被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Devoted to helping more poor children
2．limit Sam to a used/second-hand car
3．are convinced that the reform will bring them a new start
4．His motivation for running
5．are; rejected
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