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Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 代表……
2．____________ vi. 属/归于；应在(某处)；适应
3．____________ n. 原则；行为准则
4．____________ n. 差异，差别 vt. 形成对比
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.邀请→________ n．邀请
2．organ n．机构；器官→________ vt.组织，筹划→________ adj.有组织的→organiser n．组织者→ ________ n．组织，团体；组织工作
3．________ vi.竞争；参加比赛→________ n．选手，参赛者→________ n．竞争，比赛
4．________ v．参与，参加；雇用→________ n．参与；订婚；契约
5．________ vi.应在(某处)；适应→________ n．所有物
6．________ vt.批准，认可vi.赞成，同意→________ n．赞许；同意
7．________ v．保护，保卫；为……辩护；辩解→________ n．保护，防护；辩护→defensive adj.防御性的
8．innovate vt.改革；创新→________ n．革新；创新
9．clear adj.清楚的，清晰的→________ n．清楚，清晰→________ vt.澄清；阐明
10．progress v．& n．进步；进展→________ n．发展；变化
11．motivate vt.激励；激发→ ________ adj.积极的→________ adj.不积极的；不主动的→________ n．动力，积极性
12．fluency n．流畅，熟练→________ adj.流畅的；流利的→________ adv.流畅地；流利地
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 邀请信
2．________________ 组织一场英语戏剧比赛
3．________________ 代表某人
4．________________ 组织一场……比赛
5．________________ 乐意做某事
6．________________ (反复考虑后)做出决定
7．________________ 参加一个简短的会议
8．________________ 占用您太多的时间
9．________________ 渴望做某事
10．________________ 一周一次
11．________________ 做家务
将英文短语译成汉语
1．give a five-minute speech　　________________
2．be responsible for ________________
3．sincerely hope... ________________
4．purpose of writing ________________
5．write in the first person ________________
6．end your invitation politely ________________
7．become interested in ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．invitation n．邀请；请柬；招致；鼓励　invite vt.邀请
(教材原句)AN INVITATION LETTER邀请信
an invitation card/an invitation letter 请柬
a letter of invitation 邀请信
accept/decline an invitation 接受/婉拒邀请
admission is by invitation only 凭请柬入场
send out an invitation 发出邀请
receive an invitation 收到邀请
refuse/turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
at one's invitation/at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请
by invitation only 凭请柬
[比较] 　
Much to my regret，I am unable to accept your kind invitation.不能接受您的盛情邀请，我深感抱歉。
Thank you for your invitation，which I am very pleased to accept.承蒙邀请，我欣然接受。
I received his invitation to the party but I didn't accept it.我收到了他的聚会邀请，但是我没接受。
This is the second time that the nice young man has invited me out for dinner！这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃饭！
For the first time in our lives，we were invited to an important ball.
那是我们一生中第一次应邀去参加一个重要的舞会。
Hello，ladies and gentlemen！Today，we have invited Prof.Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society.
女士们、先生们，你们好！今天，我们邀请了斯通教授来谈谈老年人在我们社会中的作用。
[拓展]　invite vt.邀请；请求；招致→inviting adj.诱人的；吸引人的
invite sb. for邀请某人参加
invite sb. in邀请某人进屋
invite sb. out邀请某人外出(尤指是去吃饭或看电影)
invite sb. over for dinner
邀请某人到家中吃饭
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to...(to后加“名词”)
邀请某人到某地或参加某活动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The kitchen was warm, ________ (invite) and blessedly familiar.
②Don't stand talking at the gate, Bruce. Invite your friend ________．
③Doctoral candidates will be invited ________ an interview early next month.
④I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the ________ (invite) anyway.
完成句子
⑤I received ______________________ (一封邀请信), but I didn't accept.
⑥Mother __________________________ (接受邀请) to a dinner party, but a headache made her beg off.
2．organise vt.组织，筹划，安排　organisation n．组织，安排；条理　organiser n．组织者　organised 又作organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
(教材原句)Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school...
假设你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛……
organise a meeting/concert 筹办会议/音乐会
organise...into... 组织……成立……
organise sb. to do sth. 组织某人做某事
They organised a campaign to raise money for the war refugees.他们组织了一次为战争难民筹款的活动。
If you want to speak at the meeting，you should organise your thoughts well before hand.
你如果想在会上发言，应该事先把思路理顺。
A special group was organised to dig up the particulars of the case.成立了一个专门的小组来查明该案件的细节。
The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
She is highly intelligent but her work lacks organisation.
她聪慧绝顶，工作却缺乏条理。
[搭配]　an organised body of workers一个有组织的工人团体
well/badly/carefully organised组织良好的/很糟的/周密的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I leave most of the ________ (organise) of these conferences to my assistant.
②The workers were not better ________ (organise); otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
③Group activities will ________ (organise) after class to help children develop team spirit.
④The ________ (organise) had expected about 20，000 people to attend the concert.
完成句子
⑤We ____________________________ (筹办了一场音乐会) on the anniversary of our school.
3．clarity n．清楚，清晰；清澈
(教材原句)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation，clarity and fluency，and also progression of ideas and audience engagement.
评判参赛者的标准应包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及思维的连贯性和观众的参与度。
have clarity with sth. 清楚……
have clarity on sth. 明确……
lose clarity 失去清晰度
with clarity 清晰地
for the sake of clarity 为了清晰起见
the clarity of the spring water 泉水的清澈
clarity of thinking 思路清晰
clarity of expression 表达清晰
He always puts his point of view with clarity and with courage.(with clarity清楚明了地)
他一贯勇于清晰地阐释自己的观点。
When writing instructions，clarity of statement is the most important thing.
编写操作说明时，表述清晰明白是最重要的事情。
The first thing to strike me was the amazing clarity of the water.首先吸引我的是水的无比清澈。
She expressed herself with great clarity.
她非常清晰地表达了自己的观点。
For the sake of clarity, she went back over the key points.
为了清晰起见，她又回顾了一遍要点。
[拓展]　
clarify vt.澄清；阐明
clarify rights and wrongs澄清是非
clarify the situation澄清情况
clarify the meaning阐明用意
[语境助记]　I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.
我很乐意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。
Headings and sub-headings further clarify the structure of the article.
标题和小标题使文章的结构更加清楚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The teacher's explanation ________ (clarify) the puzzling problem.
②The picture was of such ________ (clarify) that it could have been a photograph.
③He had only visited the village once, but remembered it ________ surprising clarity.
完成句子
④He issued a statement to __________________________ (澄清情况).
4．engagement n．参与；约会，约定；订婚　engage v．参与；吸引；雇用预定，使从事，使订婚)
have an engagement with 与……有约
keep the engagement 守约
carry out an engagement 履行预约
cancel an engagement 取消约定
break off one's engagement to sb. 解除与某人的婚约
announce one's engagement to sb. 宣布与某人订婚
an engagement ring 订婚戒指
an engagement letter 聘书
an engagement party 订婚宴会
encourage engagement in sth. 鼓励参与某事
promote engagement in sth. 推动参与某事
lack engagement in sth. 缺少参与某事
engage with sb./sth. 与某人交战/处理某事
engage sb. to sb. 把某人许给某人；让某人与某人订婚
engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
engage in doing sth. 积极参与做某事
engage one's interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
I have an engagement with him this afternoon.
今天下午我和他有个约会。
The activity calls on the engagement of all the college students.这项活动要求所有的大学生都参与进来。
The old man engaged his daughter to a soldier.
那老头儿把女儿许给了一位当兵人。
The woman engaged herself in washing clothes.
那女子忙于洗衣。
Father engaged a man to manage his farm.
父亲雇了一个人来管理农场。
We acknowledge the need to engage directly with these problems.我们承认需要立即处理这些问题。
A computer engages his interest now.
电脑吸引了他的兴趣。
[拓展]　
engaged adj.忙于；已订婚
be engaged in (doing) sth.
忙于(做)某事；参加某活动等
be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
At present I'm engaged in the revision of my dictionary.
目前我正忙于修订我那本词典。
A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My daughter was engaged ________ a young teacher last year.
②He has a number of social ________ (engagement) next week.
③He intends to ________ (engage) in foreign trade after graduation.
④She engaged ________ people of different backgrounds.
⑤I can't see you on Monday because I have a previous ________ (engage).
完成句子
⑥Professor Smith ________________ (忙于) his paper currently.
5．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地　sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的
(教材原句)I sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let me know.
我真诚地希望您能来。如果您有任何问题，请一定告诉我。
sincerely invite/hope/advise 真诚邀请/希望/建议
sincerely appreciate/apologise 衷心感谢/致歉
yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启
sincere love 真诚的爱
be sincere in 在……方面是真诚的
sb's sincere gratitude 某人真诚的感谢
I sincerely hope that you will be successful next time.
我由衷地希望你下次成功。
We sincerely look forward to your cooperation.
我们真诚地期待与您的合作。
You are sincerely requested to be present at the party.
敬请您光临聚会。
He refused to be sincere about his feelings.
他不愿诚实面对自己的感情。
Have they been sincere in their efforts to resolve the crisis？他们是诚心诚意尽了全力来解决危机吗？
[拓展]　
sincerity n．真诚；诚挚
in all sincerity＝with all sincerity
非常真诚地；衷心地
don't doubt one's sincerity
不要怀疑某人的诚意
be convinced of sincerity相信真诚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
②She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.
完成句子
④We appreciate your support, and ____________________________ (真诚地道歉) for the inconvenience.
6．approval n．赞许；同意；批准　approve vt.批准　vi.同意，赞成
without approval 未经批准
official approval 正式批准
meet with approval 取得认可；得到批准
approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事
I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too.
我们希望今天的提议也将会得到您的批准。
The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.
观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
Everybody approves of the plan for a new school building.大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。
The city council approved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
[拓展]　
disapprove v．不赞成→disapproval n．不赞成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You'd better cut your hair short. Our school doesn't approve of students ________ (wear) long hair.
②It has been just three months since we received official ________ (approve) to go ahead with the project.
③Nobody can establish any satellite communication network ________ approval.
完成句子
④The plan will be submitted to the committee for ______________________ (正式批准).
7．defend v．保护，保卫；辩护，辩解；为……辩护　defence n．防御；辩护；防御物　defensive adj.防御性的；辩护的
(教材原句)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.
恃强凌弱者选择易攻击的目标——那些处于同龄人群体之外，而且群体不太可能保护他们的人。
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend sb./oneself/sth. from/against...
保护某人/自己/某物免受……；为某人/自己/某事辩护……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
in defence of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
come to one's defence 来为某人辩护；来辩护某人
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[语境助记]　The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The immune system is our main ________ (defend) against disease.
②All our officers are trained to defend ________ (they) against knife attacks.
③The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
④He realised none of his schoolmates would come ________ his defence.
⑤We should show respect for the soldiers who died ________ defence of our country.
8．principle n．原则；行为准则；法则，原理
(教材原句)Your friends think you are a person with principles.你的朋友们认为你是一个有原则的人。
a matter of principle 原则问题
the working/basic/design principle 工作/基本/设计原理
in principle 原则上；大体上
without principle 毫无原则地
stick to one's principles 坚持某人的原则
be against one's principles 违背某人的原则
In principle，we usually don't allow any discount.
原则上，我们一般是不给任何折扣的。
It will be against my principles to lie to you.
对你说谎是违背我的原则的。
A bicycle and a motorcycle are built on the same principle.
自行车和摩托车是根据同样的原理制造的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I agree with it ________ principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
②These people lack all understanding of scientific ________ (principle).
③Anyway, I can't cheat in the exams—it's ________ my principles.
完成句子
④________________________________ (恪守你的原则) and tell him you won't do it.
9．contrast n．差异，差别；对比；明显不同的人(或事物)　v. 形成对比；显出明显的差异
(教材原句)In contrast to extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences.
与外向的人相比，他们看重较少但更深刻的体验。
by/in contrast 相比之下
by/in contrast to/with 与……形成对比；与……相比
There is an obvious contrast between...(and...)
……(和……) 之间有明显的差异。
It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it's very hot today.
昨天天气寒冷，而相比之下今天却很热。
In contrast with/to their system，ours seems very old-fashioned.与他们的系统相比，我们的系统就显得陈旧过时了。
There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.东西方文化之间有明显的差异。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
When you contrast their work records，you can find that Julie is clearly more qualified.
对比他们的工作记录，你会发现茱莉显然更有能力。
[拓展]　
contrast A and/with B　把A与B进行对比
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is interesting to contrast the British legal system ________ the American one.
②The gap between the richest and the poorest ________ (contrast) sharply.
③In contrast ________ your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
完成句子
④She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, ________________________ (相比之下), had done very well.
⑤This appears small ________________ (与……相比) that.
10．motivation n．动力，积极性；动机　motivate v．激励，激发；成为……的动机　motivated adj.积极的；主动的　unmotivated adj.无动机的；无热情的
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感觉不好或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
learning motivation 学习动机
one's motivation 某人做某事的动机
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……的激励/激发
Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to education.她写作的动机是渴望女性有权接受教育。
Motivation to learn must come from the child；it cannot be artificially imposed.
学习的动力必须源于孩子，是不可以人为强加的。
How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The plan is designed to motivate employees ________ (work) more efficiently.
②If you're feeling ________ (motivate), it may just be that the things on your to-do list bore you.
③The stronger the ________ (motivate) is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
④Everything she does ________ (motivate) only by a desire for money.
第二版块|重要短语
1．on behalf of代表……(＝on one's behalf))
(教材原句)I am writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.我代表校学生会写(这封电子邮件)。
We are very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。
The president can't be here today, so I'm going to speak on behalf of him.总裁今天不能来这里了，所以我将代表他发言。(＝on his behalf)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize ________ his behalf.
②He spoke on behalf ________ all the members of the faculty.
2．take up占据；拿起；开始从事；继续；接受
(教材原句)We would not take up too much of your time.
我们不会占用您太多的时间。
This thing takes up all my attention.
这件事占用了我所有的注意力。
He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.
他拿起电话听筒开始拨号。
take away 拿走，带走
take back 收回(说错的话)；退回；使回忆起
take down 记录；取下
take in 吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接任
take off 脱掉；起飞；突然成功
take out 带……出去；提(款)
Do you think we should take down the decorations
你觉得我们应当取下这些装饰品吗？
She read a few poems，but did not take them in.
她读了几首诗，但没有理解。
She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.
她拒绝承担传统妇女的角色。
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.她认定我是接管这项工作的最佳人选。
[语境助记]　He took up a position as an editor after graduating from the university.
他大学毕业后从事编辑工作。
I put the telephone down and took up my work again.我放下电话继续做我的工作。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mike called his assistant, Hashim, to take ________ while he was out.
②Taking ________ his coat, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
③I was taken ________ by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.
④Her time is fully taken ________ with computer games, which leads to her bad performance in learning.
写出句中的take up 的含义
⑤I don't suppose I will take up too much of your time.____________
⑥She took up the narrative (叙述)where John had left off.____________
⑦Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.____________
3．build up增强，加强；逐步增长；积累；建立
(教材原句)The most important thing is to build up self-confidence...最重要的事情是建立自信……
It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
We first have to build up our reserves of manpower.
我们首先得加强人力储备。
A bank of clouds had built up along the western horizon.
一堆堆的云沿着西边的地平线积聚起来了。
“v.＋up”型短语：
bring up抚养，养育；提出 come up走近；被提到
cut up切碎 cheer up(使)高兴起来
keep up保持；跟上 pick up拾起；接载；学会
look up查阅；向上看 turn up出现；开大
These are matters that you can bring up in the committee meeting.这些问题你可以在委员会会议中提出。
The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.
第二天早上，我的妈妈来接我。
[即学即练]　写出句中build up的含义
①Taking exercise will build up your strength.____________
②He built up the business at the expense of his health.____________
③She's built up a good stock of teaching materials over the years.____________
选词填空：build/pick/turn
④She soon ________ up French when she went to live in France.
⑤The collection has been ________ up over the last seventeen years.
⑥The book you've lost may ________ up one of these days.
4．be likely to可能
(教材原句)People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peer's approval...信心不足和缺乏自信的人也许更有可能寻求同伴的认可……
be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It's (more than) likely (that)... (很)可能……
It's more likely (that)... 更可能……
Not likely! 绝对不可能！才不呢！(表示坚决不同意)
Eating and drinking too much is likely to give one stomach trouble.暴饮暴食容易得胃病。
It is likely that more earthquakes will occur in this region.这个地区可能会发生更多的地震。
It's more than likely that people don't know how much it is worth.人们很可能不知道它的价值。
[误区警示]　
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth. is likely to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth is possible/probable to do sth.(×)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②It is likely ________ virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future.
选词填空：likely/possible/probable
③It is ________ for you to grow this flower even in winter.
④It is highly ________ that he will take over his father's business.
⑤He is ________ to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard.
第三版块|典型句式
1．what引导的表语从句
(教材原句)It is what makes people individual and unique.
它是使人具有个性和独特性的东西。
I could get you a job here if that's what you want.
我可以给你在这里找份工作，如果那就是你想要的。
The only thing that impresses me is what she said about Anhui.唯一让我印象深刻的事情是她对安徽的评价。
[误区警示]　(1)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语等，意为“所……的东西”，相当于all that/the thing(s) that。
What appears difficult may be very easy.
看起来很难的事情也许很容易。(作主语)
What we liked most was his smiles.
我们最喜欢的就是他的微笑。(作宾语)
I have no idea what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在干什么。(作宾语)
China is not what she was more than 50 years ago.
中国已不是50多年前的中国了。(作表语)
(2)that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中一般不能省略。
My idea is that you shouldn't have left the country.
我的意见是你本不应该离开这个国家。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
②As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
③This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
完成句子
④The advantage of cycling to work is ________________________________ (我们可以过低碳生活).
⑤—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am __________________________ (你所塑造的).
2．状语从句的省略
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感到难过或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
[句式分析]　When feeling bad or stressed是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整应为When they are feeling bad or stressed。
[提示]　在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，只有在满足下面两个条件时，状语从句才能省略：①从句谓语部分含有be动词；②从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it。
从句常省略的成分：主语和be动词。从句省略后的形式：“连词＋非谓语动词/形容词”(作状语)。这些状语从句常由when、while、once、before、whenever、if、as if/though、unless、though和although等引导。
Although (he was) frightened, he managed to run away.
虽然很害怕，他还是成功逃脱了。
If (it is) necessary，I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
[链接]　有些由if，when等构成的省略结构已属固定结构：
if so如果这样的话；if not如果不；if necessary若有必要；if possible 如果有可能；when necessary在必要时
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while ________ (use) its supply of natural resources.
②One day after school, while ________ (explore) the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.
③Once, when ________ (try) a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.
④One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only ________．
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her nephew competed in an English speech contest last week, the ________ (话题) of which is how to protect the environment.
2．She is expecting her niece's ________ (参与) in more social activities.
3．My mate refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of ________ (原则).
4．He is very intelligent but he lacks ________ (积极性).
5．The girl desperately wanted to win her father's ________ (同意).
6．His parents were desperate to ________ (保护) him from danger in the earthquake.
7．Over 200 ________ (选手) signed up for the innovation competition.
8．She was grateful to me ________ (真诚地) for my financial support to her.
9．The competitors were given an ________ (邀请) to take part in an activity.
10．A debate whose topic is whether students should use phones at school will be ________ (组织).
Ⅱ.短语填空
on behalf of; take place; in one's defence; belong to; take up; in contrast to
1．Jackson talked to his mother in a gentle voice ____________ his usual manner.
2．I have to say ____________ that my niece knew nothing about it beforehand.
3．Playing football and watching TV ____________ much of my nephew's spare time.
4．They have a passionate interest in music and ____________ the music group.
5．Five competitors took part in the English speech contest ____________ our school.
6．They organised a big concert and it ____________ as scheduled.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some ________ (principle) you must master.
2．This led to an unexpected ________ (consequent), though she had a wonderful time there.
3．It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public ________ (approve) they get online, often through “Likes”．
4．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my ________ (motivate) lies
5．When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite).
6．If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong ________ the same gym.
7．Our mission is to create a welcoming environment in which residents feel comfortable, safe and a sense of ________ (belong).
8．“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended ________ (she).
9．An innovation competition will ________ (organise) in our school.
10．On behalf ________ his school, my nephew competed in the robot competition.
11．The ________ (compete) won first place because of her fluency in English.
12．The competitor failed in the competition, which made her ________ (depress).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我侄女不知道那天晚上发生了什么事。
My niece didn't know ____________ that night.
2．我最喜欢的是和同学交往。
____________________________ is associating with my classmates.
3．到目前为止，我还没有习惯我侄子的伦敦口音。
I ________________________________ my nephew's London accent so far.
4．到目前为止，我的朋友Tom已经背诵了三百首诗歌。
My mate Tom ______________________ so far.
5．____________________ (当被问及) why he came late again, he failed to say any excuse.
Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．behalf　2.belong　3.principle　4.contrast
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．invite; invitation　2.organise; organised; organisation
3．compete; competitor; competition　4.engage; engagement
5．belong; belongings　6.approve; approval　7.defend; defence　8.innovation　9.clarity; clarify　10.progression　11.motivated; unmotivated; motivation　12.fluent; fluently
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．an invitation letter　2.organise an English Drama Competition　3.on behalf of sb.　4.run a(n)... competition
5．be willing to do sth.　6.come to a decision　7.attend a short meeting　8.take up too much of your time　9.long to do sth.　10.once a week　11.do one's chores
1．做五分钟的演讲　2.对……负责　3.真诚地希望……
4．写作目的　5.用第一人称写　6.礼貌地结束邀请
7．对……感兴趣
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①inviting　②in　③for　④invitation　⑤a letter of invitation　⑥accepted an invitation
2．①organisation　②organised　③be organised　④organisers
⑤organised a concert
3．①clarifies/clarified　②clarity　③with　④clarify the situation
4．①to　②engagements　③be engaged　④with
⑤engagement　⑥is engaged in
5．①sincerely 　②in　③in　④sincerely apologise
6．①wearing　②approval　③without　④official approval
7．①defence　②themselves　③against　④to　⑤in
8．①in　②principles　③against　④Stick to your principles
9．①and/with　②contrasts　③with/to　④by/in contrast
⑤by/in contrast to/with
10．①to work　②unmotivated　③motivation　④is motivated
第二版块|重要短语
1．①on　②of
2．①over　②off　③in　④up　⑤占用　⑥继续　⑦开始从事
3．①增强　②建立　③积累　④picked　⑤built　⑥turn
4．①to make　②that　③possible　④likely/possible/probable
⑤likely
第三版块|典型句式
1．①that　②what　③what　④that we can live a low-carbon life　⑤what you have made me
2．①using　②exploring　③trying　④when necessary
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．topic　2.engagement　3.principle　4.motivation
5．approval　6.defend　7.competitors　8.sincerely
9．invitation　10.organised
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．in contrast to　2.in her defence　3.take up　4.belong to　5.on behalf of　6.took place
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．principles　2.consequence　3.approval　4.motivation
5．invitation　6.to　7.belonging　8.herself　9.be organised
10．of　11.competitor　12.depressed
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．what happened　2.What I like most　3.haven't got used to
4．has recited 300 poems　5.When asked
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共127张PPT)
Section E Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 代表……
2．____________ vi. 属/归于；应在(某处)；适应
3．____________ n. 原则；行为准则
4．____________ n. 差异，差别 vt. 形成对比
behalf
belong
principle　
contrast
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.邀请→________ n．邀请
2．organ n．机构；器官→________ vt.组织，筹划→________ adj.有组织的→organiser n．组织者→ ________ n．组织，团体；组织工作
3．________ vi.竞争；参加比赛→________ n．选手，参赛者→__________ n．竞争，比赛
4．________ v．参与，参加；雇用→__________ n．参与；订婚；契约
invite
invitation
organise
organised
organisation
compete
competitor
competition
engage
engagement
5．________ vi.应在(某处)；适应→________ n．所有物
6．________ vt.批准，认可vi.赞成，同意→________ n．赞许；同意
7．________ v．保护，保卫；为……辩护；辩解→________ n．保护，防护；辩护→defensive adj.防御性的
8．innovate vt.改革；创新→________ n．革新；创新
belong
belongings　
approve
approval
defend
defence
innovation　
9．clear adj.清楚的，清晰的→________ n．清楚，清晰→________ vt.澄清；阐明
10．progress v．& n．进步；进展→___________ n．发展；变化
11．motivate vt.激励；激发→ ________ adj.积极的→________ adj.不积极的；不主动的→__________ n．动力，积极性
12．fluency n．流畅，熟练→________ adj.流畅的；流利的→________ adv.流畅地；流利地
clarity
clarify
progression
motivated
unmotivated
motivation
fluent
fluently

an invitation letter
organise an English Drama Competition
on behalf of sb.
run a(n)... competition
be willing to do sth.
6．________________ (反复考虑后)做出决定
7．________________ 参加一个简短的会议
8．___________________________ 占用您太多的时间
9．________________ 渴望做某事
10．________________ 一周一次
11．________________ 做家务
come to a decision　
attend a short meeting
take up too much of your time
long to do sth.　
once a week
do one's chores

做五分钟的演讲　
对……负责
真诚地希望……
写作目的
用第一人称写　
礼貌地结束邀请
对……感兴趣
第一版块|核心单词
1．invitation n．邀请；请柬；招致；鼓励　invite vt.邀请
(教材原句)AN INVITATION LETTER邀请信
an invitation card/an invitation letter 请柬
a letter of invitation 邀请信
accept/decline an invitation 接受/婉拒邀请
admission is by invitation only 凭请柬入场
send out an invitation 发出邀请
receive an invitation 收到邀请
refuse/turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
at one's invitation/at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请
by invitation only 凭请柬

Much to my regret，I am unable to accept your kind invitation.不能接受您的盛情邀请，我深感抱歉。
Thank you for your invitation，which I am very pleased to accept.承蒙邀请，我欣然接受。
I received his invitation to the party but I didn't accept it.我收到了他的聚会邀请，但是我没接受。
This is the second time that the nice young man has invited me out for dinner！这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃饭！
For the first time in our lives，we were invited to an important ball.
那是我们一生中第一次应邀去参加一个重要的舞会。
Hello，ladies and gentlemen！Today，we have invited Prof.Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society.
女士们、先生们，你们好！今天，我们邀请了斯通教授来谈谈老年人在我们社会中的作用。
[拓展]　invite vt.邀请；请求；招致→inviting adj.诱人的；吸引人的
invite sb. for邀请某人参加
invite sb. in邀请某人进屋
invite sb. out邀请某人外出(尤指是去吃饭或看电影)
invite sb. over for dinner
邀请某人到家中吃饭
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to...(to后加“名词”)
邀请某人到某地或参加某活动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The kitchen was warm, ________ (invite) and blessedly familiar.
②Don't stand talking at the gate, Bruce. Invite your friend ________．
③Doctoral candidates will be invited ________ an interview early next month.
④I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the ________ (invite) anyway.
inviting
in
for　
invitation
完成句子
⑤I received ______________________ (一封邀请信), but I didn't accept.
⑥Mother __________________________ (接受邀请) to a dinner party, but a headache made her beg off.
a letter of invitation
accepted an invitation
2．organise vt.组织，筹划，安排　organisation n．组织，安排；条理　organiser n．组织者　organised 又作organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
(教材原句)Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school...
假设你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛……
organise a meeting/concert 筹办会议/音乐会
organise...into... 组织……成立……
organise sb. to do sth. 组织某人做某事
They organised a campaign to raise money for the war refugees.他们组织了一次为战争难民筹款的活动。
If you want to speak at the meeting，you should organise your thoughts well before hand.
你如果想在会上发言，应该事先把思路理顺。
A special group was organised to dig up the particulars of the case.成立了一个专门的小组来查明该案件的细节。
The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
She is highly intelligent but her work lacks organisation.
她聪慧绝顶，工作却缺乏条理。
[搭配]　
an organised body of workers一个有组织的工人团体
well/badly/carefully organised组织良好的/很糟的/周密的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I leave most of the __________ (organise) of these conferences to my assistant.
②The workers were not better ________ (organise); otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
③Group activities will ____________ (organise) after class to help children develop team spirit.
④The ________ (organise) had expected about 20，000 people to attend the concert.
完成句子
⑤We ________________________ (筹办了一场音乐会) on the anniversary of our school.
organisation
organised
be organised　
organisers
organised a concert
3．clarity n．清楚，清晰；清澈
(教材原句)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation，clarity and fluency，and also progression of ideas and audience engagement.
评判参赛者的标准应包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及思维的连贯性和观众的参与度。
have clarity with sth. 清楚……
have clarity on sth. 明确……
lose clarity 失去清晰度
with clarity 清晰地
for the sake of clarity 为了清晰起见
the clarity of the spring water 泉水的清澈
clarity of thinking 思路清晰
clarity of expression 表达清晰
He always puts his point of view with clarity and with courage.(with clarity清楚明了地)
他一贯勇于清晰地阐释自己的观点。
When writing instructions，clarity of statement is the most important thing.
编写操作说明时，表述清晰明白是最重要的事情。
The first thing to strike me was the amazing clarity of the water.首先吸引我的是水的无比清澈。
She expressed herself with great clarity.
她非常清晰地表达了自己的观点。
For the sake of clarity, she went back over the key points.
为了清晰起见，她又回顾了一遍要点。
[拓展]　
clarify vt.澄清；阐明
clarify rights and wrongs澄清是非
clarify the situation澄清情况
clarify the meaning阐明用意
[语境助记]　
I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.
我很乐意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。
Headings and sub-headings further clarify the structure of the article.
标题和小标题使文章的结构更加清楚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The teacher's explanation ___________ (clarify) the puzzling problem.
②The picture was of such ________ (clarify) that it could have been a photograph.
③He had only visited the village once, but remembered it ________ surprising clarity.
完成句子
④He issued a statement to __________________________ (澄清情况).
clarifies/clarified
clarity
with　
clarify the situation
4．engagement n．参与；约会，约定；订婚　engage v．参与；吸引；雇用预定，使从事，使订婚)
have an engagement with 与……有约
keep the engagement 守约
carry out an engagement 履行预约
cancel an engagement 取消约定
break off one's engagement to sb. 解除与某人的婚约
announce one's engagement to sb. 宣布与某人订婚
an engagement ring 订婚戒指
an engagement letter 聘书
an engagement party 订婚宴会
encourage engagement in sth. 鼓励参与某事
promote engagement in sth. 推动参与某事
lack engagement in sth. 缺少参与某事
engage with sb./sth. 与某人交战/处理某事
engage sb. to sb. 把某人许给某人；让某人与某人订婚
engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
engage in doing sth. 积极参与做某事
engage one's interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
I have an engagement with him this afternoon.
今天下午我和他有个约会。
The activity calls on the engagement of all the college students.这项活动要求所有的大学生都参与进来。
The old man engaged his daughter to a soldier.
那老头儿把女儿许给了一位当兵人。
The woman engaged herself in washing clothes.
那女子忙于洗衣。
Father engaged a man to manage his farm.
父亲雇了一个人来管理农场。
We acknowledge the need to engage directly with these problems.我们承认需要立即处理这些问题。
A computer engages his interest now.
电脑吸引了他的兴趣。
[拓展]　engaged adj.忙于；已订婚
be engaged in (doing) sth.
忙于(做)某事；参加某活动等
be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
At present I'm engaged in the revision of my dictionary.
目前我正忙于修订我那本词典。
A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My daughter was engaged ________ a young teacher last year.
②He has a number of social ____________ (engagement) next week.
③He intends to ________ (engage) in foreign trade after graduation.
④She engaged ________ people of different backgrounds.
⑤I can't see you on Monday because I have a previous ________ (engage).
完成句子
⑥Professor Smith ________________ (忙于) his paper currently.
to　
engagements
be engaged
with
engagement　
is engaged in
5．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地　sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的
(教材原句)I sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let me know.
我真诚地希望您能来。如果您有任何问题，请一定告诉我。
sincerely invite/hope/advise 真诚邀请/希望/建议
sincerely appreciate/apologise 衷心感谢/致歉
yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启
sincere love 真诚的爱
be sincere in 在……方面是真诚的
sb's sincere gratitude 某人真诚的感谢
I sincerely hope that you will be successful next time.
我由衷地希望你下次成功。
We sincerely look forward to your cooperation.
我们真诚地期待与您的合作。
You are sincerely requested to be present at the party.
敬请您光临聚会。
He refused to be sincere about his feelings.
他不愿诚实面对自己的感情。
Have they been sincere in their efforts to resolve the crisis？他们是诚心诚意尽了全力来解决危机吗？
[拓展]　
sincerity n．真诚；诚挚
in all sincerity＝with all sincerity
非常真诚地；衷心地
don't doubt one's sincerity
不要怀疑某人的诚意
be convinced of sincerity相信真诚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
②She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.
完成句子
④We appreciate your support, and ____________________________ (真诚地道歉) for the inconvenience.
sincerely
in　
in　
sincerely apologise
6．approval n．赞许；同意；批准　approve vt.批准　vi.同意，赞成
without approval 未经批准
official approval 正式批准
meet with approval 取得认可；得到批准
approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事
I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too.
我们希望今天的提议也将会得到您的批准。
The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.
观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
Everybody approves of the plan for a new school building.大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。
The city council approved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
[拓展]　
disapprove v．不赞成→disapproval n．不赞成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You'd better cut your hair short. Our school doesn't approve of students ________ (wear) long hair.
②It has been just three months since we received official ________ (approve) to go ahead with the project.
③Nobody can establish any satellite communication network ________ approval.
完成句子
④The plan will be submitted to the committee for ____________________ (正式批准).
wearing
approval　
without
official approval
7．defend v．保护，保卫；辩护，辩解；为……辩护　defence n．防御；辩护；防御物　defensive adj.防御性的；辩护的
(教材原句)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.
恃强凌弱者选择易攻击的目标——那些处于同龄人群体之外，而且群体不太可能保护他们的人。
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend sb./oneself/sth. from/against...
保护某人/自己/某物免受……；为某人/自己/某事辩护……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
in defence of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
come to one's defence 来为某人辩护；来辩护某人
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[语境助记]　
The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The immune system is our main ________ (defend) against disease.
②All our officers are trained to defend ________ (they) against knife attacks.
③The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
④He realised none of his schoolmates would come ________ his defence.
⑤We should show respect for the soldiers who died ________ defence of our country.
defence　
themselves
against
to
in
8．principle n．原则；行为准则；法则，原理
(教材原句)Your friends think you are a person with principles.你的朋友们认为你是一个有原则的人。
a matter of principle 原则问题
the working/basic/design principle 工作/基本/设计原理
in principle 原则上；大体上
without principle 毫无原则地
stick to one's principles 坚持某人的原则
be against one's principles 违背某人的原则
In principle，we usually don't allow any discount.
原则上，我们一般是不给任何折扣的。
It will be against my principles to lie to you.
对你说谎是违背我的原则的。
A bicycle and a motorcycle are built on the same principle.
自行车和摩托车是根据同样的原理制造的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I agree with it ________ principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
②These people lack all understanding of scientific ________ (principle).
③Anyway, I can't cheat in the exams—it's ________ my principles.
完成句子
④_________________ (恪守你的原则) and tell him you won't do it.
in
principles
against　
Stick to your principles
9．contrast n．差异，差别；对比；明显不同的人(或事物)　v. 形成对比；显出明显的差异
(教材原句)In contrast to extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences.
与外向的人相比，他们看重较少但更深刻的体验。
by/in contrast 相比之下
by/in contrast to/with 与……形成对比；与……相比
There is an obvious contrast between...(and...)
……(和……) 之间有明显的差异。
It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it's very hot today.
昨天天气寒冷，而相比之下今天却很热。
In contrast with/to their system，ours seems very old-fashioned.与他们的系统相比，我们的系统就显得陈旧过时了。
There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.东西方文化之间有明显的差异。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
When you contrast their work records，you can find that Julie is clearly more qualified.
对比他们的工作记录，你会发现茱莉显然更有能力。
[拓展]　
contrast A and/with B　把A与B进行对比
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is interesting to contrast the British legal system ________ the American one.
②The gap between the richest and the poorest ________ (contrast) sharply.
③In contrast ________ your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
and/with
contrasts　
with/to
完成句子
④She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, __________________ (相比之下), had done very well.
⑤This appears small ________________ (与……相比) that.
by/in contrast
by/in contrast to/with
10．motivation n．动力，积极性；动机　motivate v．激励，激发；成为……的动机　motivated adj.积极的；主动的　unmotivated adj.无动机的；无热情的
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感觉不好或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。

Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to education.她写作的动机是渴望女性有权接受教育。
Motivation to learn must come from the child；it cannot be artificially imposed.
学习的动力必须源于孩子，是不可以人为强加的。
How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The plan is designed to motivate employees ________ (work) more efficiently.
②If you're feeling ___________ (motivate), it may just be that the things on your to-do list bore you.
③The stronger the ________ (motivate) is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
④Everything she does ______________ (motivate) only by a desire for money.
to work
unmotivated　
motivation
is motivated
第二版块|重要短语
1．on behalf of代表……(＝on one's behalf))
(教材原句)I am writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.我代表校学生会写(这封电子邮件)。
We are very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。
The president can't be here today, so I'm going to speak on behalf of him.总裁今天不能来这里了，所以我将代表他发言。(＝on his behalf)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize ________ his behalf.
②He spoke on behalf ________ all the members of the faculty.
on　
of
2．take up占据；拿起；开始从事；继续；接受
(教材原句)We would not take up too much of your time.
我们不会占用您太多的时间。
This thing takes up all my attention.
这件事占用了我所有的注意力。
He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.
他拿起电话听筒开始拨号。
take away 拿走，带走
take back 收回(说错的话)；退回；使回忆起
take down 记录；取下
take in 吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接任
take off 脱掉；起飞；突然成功
take out 带……出去；提(款)
Do you think we should take down the decorations
你觉得我们应当取下这些装饰品吗？
She read a few poems，but did not take them in.
她读了几首诗，但没有理解。
She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.
她拒绝承担传统妇女的角色。
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.她认定我是接管这项工作的最佳人选。
[语境助记]　
He took up a position as an editor after graduating from the university.
他大学毕业后从事编辑工作。
I put the telephone down and took up my work again.我放下电话继续做我的工作。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mike called his assistant, Hashim, to take ________ while he was out.
②Taking ________ his coat, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
③I was taken ________ by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.
④Her time is fully taken ________ with computer games, which leads to her bad performance in learning.
over　
off
in
up　
写出句中的take up 的含义
⑤I don't suppose I will take up too much of your time.____________
⑥She took up the narrative (叙述)where John had left off.____________
⑦Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.____________
占用
继续　
开始从事
3．build up增强，加强；逐步增长；积累；建立
(教材原句)The most important thing is to build up self-confidence...最重要的事情是建立自信……
It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
We first have to build up our reserves of manpower.
我们首先得加强人力储备。
A bank of clouds had built up along the western horizon.
一堆堆的云沿着西边的地平线积聚起来了。
“v.＋up”型短语：
bring up抚养，养育；提出 come up走近；被提到
cut up切碎 cheer up(使)高兴起来
keep up保持；跟上 pick up拾起；接载；学会
look up查阅；向上看 turn up出现；开大
These are matters that you can bring up in the committee meeting.这些问题你可以在委员会会议中提出。
The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.
第二天早上，我的妈妈来接我。
[即学即练]　写出句中build up的含义
①Taking exercise will build up your strength.____________
②He built up the business at the expense of his health.____________
③She's built up a good stock of teaching materials over the years.____________
选词填空：build/pick/turn
④She soon ________ up French when she went to live in France.
⑤The collection has been ________ up over the last seventeen years.
⑥The book you've lost may ________ up one of these days.
增强　
建立
积累　
picked
built
turn
4．be likely to可能
(教材原句)People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peer's approval...信心不足和缺乏自信的人也许更有可能寻求同伴的认可……
be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It's (more than) likely (that)... (很)可能……
It's more likely (that)... 更可能……
Not likely! 绝对不可能！才不呢！(表示坚决不同意)
Eating and drinking too much is likely to give one stomach trouble.暴饮暴食容易得胃病。
It is likely that more earthquakes will occur in this region.这个地区可能会发生更多的地震。
It's more than likely that people don't know how much it is worth.人们很可能不知道它的价值。
[误区警示]　
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth. is likely to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth is possible/probable to do sth.(×)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②It is likely ________ virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future.
选词填空：likely/possible/probable
③It is ________ for you to grow this flower even in winter.
④It is highly __________________ that he will take over his father's business.
⑤He is ________ to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard.
to make　
that
possible
likely/possible/probable
likely
第三版块|典型句式
1．what引导的表语从句
(教材原句)It is what makes people individual and unique.
它是使人具有个性和独特性的东西。
I could get you a job here if that's what you want.
我可以给你在这里找份工作，如果那就是你想要的。
The only thing that impresses me is what she said about Anhui.唯一让我印象深刻的事情是她对安徽的评价。
[误区警示]　
(1)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语等，意为“所……的东西”，相当于all that/the thing(s) that。
What appears difficult may be very easy.
看起来很难的事情也许很容易。(作主语)
What we liked most was his smiles.
我们最喜欢的就是他的微笑。(作宾语)
I have no idea what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在干什么。(作宾语)
China is not what she was more than 50 years ago.
中国已不是50多年前的中国了。(作表语)
(2)that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中一般不能省略。
My idea is that you shouldn't have left the country.
我的意见是你本不应该离开这个国家。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
②As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
③This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
that　
what　
what
完成句子
④The advantage of cycling to work is ___________________________ (我们可以过低碳生活).
⑤—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am __________________________ (你所塑造的).
that we can live a low-carbon life
what you have made me
2．状语从句的省略
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感到难过或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
[句式分析]　When feeling bad or stressed是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整应为When they are feeling bad or stressed。
[提示]　在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，只有在满足下面两个条件时，状语从句才能省略：①从句谓语部分含有be动词；②从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it。
从句常省略的成分：主语和be动词。从句省略后的形式：“连词＋非谓语动词/形容词”(作状语)。这些状语从句常由when、while、once、before、whenever、if、as if/though、unless、though和although等引导。
Although (he was) frightened, he managed to run away.
虽然很害怕，他还是成功逃脱了。
If (it is) necessary，I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
[链接]　
有些由if，when等构成的省略结构已属固定结构：
if so如果这样的话；if not如果不；if necessary若有必要；if possible 如果有可能；when necessary在必要时
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while ________ (use) its supply of natural resources.
②One day after school, while ________ (explore) the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.
③Once, when ________ (try) a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.
④One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only ________________________．
using　
exploring
trying
when necessary
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her nephew competed in an English speech contest last week, the ________ (话题) of which is how to protect the environment.
2．She is expecting her niece's ________ (参与) in more social activities.
3．My mate refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of ________ (原则).
4．He is very intelligent but he lacks ________ (积极性).
5．The girl desperately wanted to win her father's ________ (同意).
topic　
engagement
principle
motivation
approval
6．His parents were desperate to ________ (保护) him from danger in the earthquake.
7．Over 200 ________ (选手) signed up for the innovation competition.
8．She was grateful to me ________ (真诚地) for my financial support to her.
9．The competitors were given an ________ (邀请) to take part in an activity.
10．A debate whose topic is whether students should use phones at school will be ________ (组织).
defend
competitors　
sincerely
invitation
organised
Ⅱ.短语填空
on behalf of; take place; in one's defence; belong to; take up; in contrast to
1．Jackson talked to his mother in a gentle voice ____________ his usual manner.
2．I have to say ____________ that my niece knew nothing about it beforehand.
in contrast to
in her defence　
3．Playing football and watching TV ____________ much of my nephew's spare time.
4．They have a passionate interest in music and ____________ the music group.
5．Five competitors took part in the English speech contest __________ our school.
6．They organised a big concert and it ____________ as scheduled.
take up　
belong to
on behalf of
took place
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some ________ (principle) you must master.
2．This led to an unexpected ________ (consequent), though she had a wonderful time there.
3．It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public ________ (approve) they get online, often through “Likes”．
4．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my ________ (motivate) lies
principles　
consequence
approval
motivation
5．When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite).
6．If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong ________ the same gym.
7．Our mission is to create a welcoming environment in which residents feel comfortable, safe and a sense of ________ (belong).
8．“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended ________ (she).
invitation　
to
belonging
herself
9．An innovation competition will ________ (organise) in our school.
10．On behalf ________ his school, my nephew competed in the robot competition.
11．The ________ (compete) won first place because of her fluency in English.
12．The competitor failed in the competition, which made her ________ (depress).
be organised
of　
competitor　
depressed
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我侄女不知道那天晚上发生了什么事。
My niece didn't know ____________ that night.
2．我最喜欢的是和同学交往。
_______________is associating with my classmates.
3．到目前为止，我还没有习惯我侄子的伦敦口音。
I _____________________ my nephew's London accent so far.
what happened　
What I like most　
haven't got used to
4．到目前为止，我的朋友Tom已经背诵了三百首诗歌。
My mate Tom ______________________ so far.
5．_____________ (当被问及) why he came late again, he failed to say any excuse.
has recited 300 poems　
When asked
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．Children are likely to seek their peers' ________ (赞许).
2．We have a lot of ________ (话题) to choose from to give a presentation.
3．What's your ________ (动力) for being a volunteer
4．There are many ________ (选手) in this speech competition.
5．Technical ________ plays an important role in increasing production.
approval
topics
motivation
competitors
innovation
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)
1．Every person should follow some ________ (principle).
2．Who is responsible ________ the operation of such vehicles is not clear.
3．I want to know whether you would be willing ________ (come) with me.
4．People ________ are interested in the Dragon Boat Festival can engage in the competition.
principles
for　
to come
who/that　
5．Our school ________ (organise) an activity to plant trees last week.
6．When she arrived, the students ________ (send) all the invitation letters.
7．I ________ (sincere) believe that it is the right decision to learn English.
8．We should work together ________ (defend) ourselves against bullies.
organised
had sent　
sincerely
to defend
Ⅲ.选词填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)
on behalf of, take up, note down, belong to, in contrast to, take place
1．____________ the old people, young children are more energetic.
2．All the athletes feel they ____________ our country.
3．We don't want to ____________ much of the teachers' time.
4．The final competition will ____________ at the lecture hall in our school.
5．____________ all my classmates, I'd like to express our thanks to you.
6．I'm looking for a piece of paper on which to ____________ the name of a book.
In contrast to
belong to　
take up
take place
On behalf of　
note down
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我们必须在周五之前就邀请谁来参加会议作出决定。(decision)
We must ____________________________ who is to be invited to the meeting by Friday.
2．迄今为止，我们已经学会了3 000个单词。
____________， __________________________ 3，000 words.
come to a decision about　
So far
we have learnt
3．得知你对中国文化很感兴趣，我写信邀请你参加龙舟训练营。(invite)
Learning that you are interested in Chinese culture, I am writing to _____________________ part in the Dragon Boat Training Camp.
4．Once I heard the word I became very frightened.(句型转换)
→____________________ I heard the word I became very frightened.
invite you to take　
The moment
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
There is no denying that everyone has felt worried or upset before a contest or sports game. A study in 2000 found that “high levels of anxiety during competitions is harmful, worsening the performance and even leading to dropping out”. An example of this is John Daly, an American golf player who was once one of the best of his time. The great amount of pressure placed on him to win made him extremely anxious. His anxiety reached such a high level that he was unable to complete a tournament and walked off the course in the middle of the round. Over the course of his career, he quit from 49 professional matches due to the anxiety he experienced.
In fact, anxiety can have a number of negative effects and changes to the body, mind and behavior. Anxiety causes your body to tense up and increases blood pressure. When this happens, it becomes more difficult for your body to move fluently and efficiently, meaning actions and movements become unnatural. The terror you experience as a result of anxiety is so overwhelming that it may even lead to body paralysis (瘫痪). An example of this is stage fright, which may be experienced right before a public competition. When feeling overwhelming fear, the athlete may be unable to move, talk or act at all.
Anxiety has a negative effect on not only athletes, but also students and young people, particularly when it comes to tests and exams. This “test anxiety” occurs in 33% of students and can affect their performance in exams and overall achievements. As time goes on, the age at which children suffer from anxiety is becoming younger.
Anxiety leads to the poor academic performance and low scores. This is because the anxiety becomes so over whelming that you lose the ability to think clearly. It has been proven that students with anxiety score lower on tests than students who do not suffer from anxiety.
Anxiety can also affect students' willingness to engage in class or participate in class discussions. Again, this can have a negative impact on their performance because they are unable to communicate with the teacher by asking questions. This then leads to confusion and further worry about a task, resulting in additional anxiety. This same worry also applies to peer learning (同伴学习) because this involves sharing ideas with other students. A student with high anxiety is unable to share these ideas, meaning they quit from activities and their learning is limited.
Anxiety reaches such a point that some of the students either refuse to go to school until they are able or drop out completely. In fact, 49% of anxious adults report having left education early and 24% indicate anxiety as the primary reason. After all, how can a person possibly learn something or perform well when their mind and body are in a constant state of terror and worry
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了焦虑对身体、思想及行为会产生负面的影响。作者认为焦虑不仅对运动员有负面影响，而且对学生和年轻人也产生负面影响，尤其是对学生的学业成绩及课堂参与度产生负面影响并分析了原因。
1．What is the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Reasons of Anxiety
B．Students and Anxiety
C．Bad effects of Anxiety
D．Anxiety and Performance
答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。C项为干扰项，以偏概全。文章第3、4、5、6段主要讲解焦虑对学生的影响及原因分析。故选B项。
2．The author used John Daly's example to show that ________．(　　)
A．he is a terrible golf player in every way
B．even a little pressure can be a bad thing
C．the willingness to win can cause anxiety
D．too much anxiety is harmful in competitions
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。第一段是为导入语篇主题做铺垫。作者借用John Daly的例子说明过多的焦虑对运动员比赛有着负面影响，以便引出下文。
3．What can you learn from the passage？(　　)
A．The elders rarely suffer from anxiety.
B．Body paralysis is often caused by anxiety.
C．Students with anxiety tend to ask questions less.
D．49% of adults left education mainly because of anxiety.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。从第五段中Again, this can have a negative impact on their performance because they are unable to communicate with the teacher by asking questions.得知，C项正确。
4．According to the passage, what may happen to a person if one suffers from anxiety？(　　)
A．One's actions become steady.
B．One tends to cry and walk away.
C．One gets higher grades in exams.
D．One feels unable to move or talk.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。从第二段中When this happens, it becomes more difficult for your body to move fluently and efficiently, meaning actions and movements become unnatural.得知A项错误；从第四段It has been proven that students with anxiety score lower on tests than students who do not suffer from anxiety.得知C项错误。B项没有提及。故选D项。
B
Vijay Gupta is known to classical music lovers across the United States. He serves as the first violinist for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In that job, he often plays to large crowds, including many very rich people. When he is not performing, he organizes concerts for homeless people. “They have reminded me why I became a musician.” he said.
Last week, Gupta was recognized for being a founder and the artistic director of Street Symphony. The group has performed at homeless shelters, jails and halfway houses for about eight years. Gupta is among the 25 winners of the 2018 MacArthur Fellowship, commonly known as the “Genius Grant”. Each winner will receive $625，000 over five years to use as they wish. The money is coming from a private group, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. It awards grants (补助金) to people whose work it considers exceptional and whose work “inspires hope in us all”. Gupta said he got the idea for Street Symphony while teaching Nathaniel Ayers, a trained musician whose mental illness led to his homelessness.
The 31-year-old winner said he did not know yet how he would spend the money. He has been a performer since the age of seven and the award will give him “space to breathe, plan and look ahead”．
Another winner is Rebecca Sandefur, an associate professor (副教授) of sociology and law in the University of Illinois. The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S. justice system.
47-year-old Sandefur created the first national mapping of civil legal aid providers. It shows which states had the financial (金融的) resources to provide such aid and which did not. She also found that the cost of legal services was only one of the things preventing poor people from getting lawyers. Among the others were fears of unfairness (不公平) in the legal system. Sandefur noted that a lot of attention had been paid to problems with the criminal justice system, but more attention must be paid to the civil side of the law, which also affected millions of people.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事。
5．Why does Gupta win the award？(　　)
A．For his achievements in classical music.
B．For performing for large crowds.
C．For organizing a group playing for the homeless.
D．For the companionship with Nathaniel Ayers.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The group has performed at homeless shelters, jails and halfway houses for about eight years.可知，Gupta获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。
6．What do we know about MacArthur Fellowship？(　　)
A．It is founded by the government.
B．It offers $ 625，000 to 25 winners in 2018.
C．It allows the winners to use the money freely.
D．It awards people who make great contributions to society.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Each winner will receive $625，000 over five years to use as they wish.可知，每位获奖者将在五年内获得625 000美元的资金，供其自由支配，故C项正确。
7．What was the extraordinary thing that Sandefur did？(　　)
A．She made it easier to get legal help for the poor.
B．She made the legal system fairer.
C．She paid more attention to the criminal justice system.
D．She offered legal aid to the poor freely.
答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S. justice system.可知，美联社称，Sandefur的研究为贫困社区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径，由此可知，Sandefur使穷人获得法律援助变得更容易，故A项正确。
8．Which can be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Grants Winners, Inspiring the Poor
B．The City Homeless, in Need of Help
C．Vijay Gupta, an Extraordinary Violinist
D．MacArthur Foundation, Awarding Exceptional Work
答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事，故A项正确。
Ⅵ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Research suggests that at least 64% of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra sedentary (久坐不动的) time is bad news for our health. 1(____).
1．Choose outdoor activities over technology
When you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun is shining. 2(____). Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can take out your phone or laptop, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should be fit for everyone in your family.
2．Limit social media use
According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology has become a substitute for face-to-face human relationships. And social networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages. 3(____). Avoid aimless browsing (浏览) and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then log off.
3．4(____)
Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone. Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable pastime.
4．Create projects for yourself
It's amazing how much you can achieve when you're not glued to (全神贯注地看) a screen. 5(____). Some suggestions are organizing kitchen cupboards and cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，现在至少64%的人每天花在屏幕前的空闲时间长达4小时。这种额外的久坐时间对我们的健康是个坏消息。文章就此说明了一些帮助人们戒掉科技瘾的方法。
A．Set aside reading time
B．Choose the suitable reading materials
C．Make a list of one-hour evening projects
D．Here are some ways to stop technology addiction
E．Whether it's Facebook or Twitter, limit the time online
F．The following are some ways to make better use of leisure time
G．Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim at least an hour
1．答案与解析：D　文章衔接题。根据前文介绍到额外的久坐时间对我们的健康来说是个坏消息。后文给出了四条建议。D项：Here are some ways to stop technology addiction。后文是停止长时间使用电脑和手机的方法和建议。符合文意，故选D。
2．答案与解析：G　联系下文题。根据后文Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can take out your phone or laptop, or take a seat at the computer。可知然后，在进行这些健康的体育活动后，你可以掏出手机或平板电脑，或者坐在电脑前。G项：Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim at least an hour。相反，你必须去散步，骑自行车，或者至少游泳一小时。符合文意，故选G。
3．答案与解析：E　理解判断题。根据前文And social networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages。可知社交网络改变了所有年龄段的人使用电脑和移动设备的习惯。E项：Whether it's Facebook or Twitter, limit the time online。无论是Facebook还是Twitter，都要限制上网时间。符合文意，故选E。
4．答案与解析：A　段落理解题。根据后文Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone。可知在你查看电脑或手机之前，挑战自己至少阅读30页好书。A项：Set aside reading time。留出阅读时间。符合文意，故选A。
5．答案与解析：C　逻辑推理题。根据后文Some suggestions are organizing kitchen cupboards and cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening。可知一些建议是整理厨房橱柜，打扫卧室，然后每天晚上做一个。C项：Make a list of one hour evening projects。列出一个一小时的晚间活动清单。符合文意，故选C。

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