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Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 铁；熨斗
2．____________ n. 方式，特点
3．____________ vi. 退休；退职
4．____________ vi. 突然倒下；倒塌
5．____________ n. 自制力　vt. 惩罚，处罚
6．____________ n. 标签，标记 vt. 贴标签于
7．____________ n. 榔头；锤子
8．____________ n. 收入；收益
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.认可；认出→________ adj.公认的；经过检验的→________ n．认可；认出，识别
2．________ vi.& vt.增进；捐献；促成→________ n．捐献；贡献；投稿→________ n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
3．________ vi.退休；退职→________ adj.不爱与人交往的→________ adj.退休的，退役的→________ n．退休；退休生活
4．________ v．献身→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的→________ n．奉献；忠心
5．________ n．前进；进展；提前→________ v．前进；提前→________ adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的
6．________ v．参考，查阅→________ n．推荐信；谈到，提及
7．________ n．相信；信任→________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的→________ adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
8．________ n．自制力；纪律；行为准则→________ vt.惩罚，处罚→________ adj.受过训练的；遵守纪律的
9．________ v．拒绝→________ n．嫌弃；拒绝接受
10．________ n．时尚→________ adj.时髦的→________ adv.赶时髦地
11．found vt.创立；创建→________ n．建立者→________ n．地基；基础
12．enter vt.& vi.进入，入学，入会，参加→________ n．进入；入场；入会→________ n．入口；大门；入学，入会，登场
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 最受认可的运动员之一
2．________________ 为……作出巨大的贡献
3．________________ 强劲而凌厉的球风
4．________________ 得到“铁榔头”的美名
5．________________ 在她的领导下
6．________________ 她对职业生涯的奉献/投入
7．________________ 获得成功；赶上
8．________________ 推荐信
9．________________ 对……充满信心
10．________________ 更多关注
11．________________ 参加他的葬礼
12．________________ 非常失望
将英文短语译成汉语
1．achieve a series of success　________________
2．because of ________________
3．her ability to take on challenges ________________
4．retire as an athlete ________________
5．Lang Ping's commitment to Chinese volleyball ________________
6．sit back ________________
7．participate in ________________
8．take up a position ________________
9．describe sb. as ________________
10．be rejected by ________________
11．have discipline ________________
12．in one's view ________________
13．a fashion designer ________________
14．pay off ________________
15．put simply ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的　recognise vt.承认；认出；认可　recognition n．承认；认出；赏识
(教材原句)Lang Ping is one of China's most recognised athletes.郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。
(1)a recognized
an officially recognised English language school
官方认可的英语学校
(2)recognise one's voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognise...as/to be... 承认/认为……是……
be recognised as/to be... 被认为是……
recognise that/wh-从句 承认/意识到……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(3)change beyond/out of all recognition
(变得)(完全)认不出来；变得面目全非
receive full recognition 得到完全认可
They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
The hospital is recognised as a centre of excellence in research and teaching.这所医院被认为是成就卓著的研究和教学中心。
He is recognised to be one of the greatest poets in the 20th century.他被公认是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。
It is recognised that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。
After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond all recognition.25年过去了，市中心变得完全认不出来了。
[比较]　recognised adj.得到认可的
recognisable adj.易于识别的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His government did not receive full ________ (recognise) by the United States until July.
②The magazine recognised her ________ a national leader in education reform.
③I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed ________ recognition.
④Professor Smith is recognised ________ (be) one of the greatest scholars in English philology.
⑤The moment I saw her, I ________ (recognise) her, although she changed a lot through the years.
2．contribute vi.& vt.增进；捐赠；促成；投稿，撰稿　contribution n．贡献；捐款（赠）；稿件　contributor n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
(教材原句)She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the sport...
她成为排球明星已经35年多了，并为这项运动作出了巨大的贡献……
(1)contribute to 为……作出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；给……撰稿；是……的原因之一
contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
(2)make a contribution/contributions to
为……做出贡献；向……捐款
make an important contribution/make important contributions to
为……做出重要贡献
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
He contributes regularly to the magazine New Scientist.
他定期给《新科学家》杂志撰稿。
He has made an important contribution to the company's success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。
[语境助记]　
It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money.她很大方，捐助了这么一大笔钱。(It's generous of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很慷慨。)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①All the money has been raised by voluntary ________ (contribute).
②We contributed ￡5，000 ________ the earthquake fund.
③He made a very positive contribution to ________ (build) the project successfully.
写出句中contribute的含义
④Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.____________
⑤The local government hoped that everybody living in the region contributed to the Red Cross.____________
⑥I was asked to contribute to the local newspaper making predictions for the new year.____________
3．retire vi.退休；退职　retiring adj.即将退休的；不爱与人交往的　retired adj.退休的，退役的,retirement n．退休；退休生活；退出
(教材原句)After retiring as an athlete in 1986, she became a successful volleyball coach in the United States and Italy.
1986年以运动员身份退役后，她作为美国和意大利的排球教练而获得成功。
retire from 从……退休
retire as 以……职位退休
retire from
a quiet and retiring man 话少而又腼腆的男子
have reached the retiring age 已到退休年龄
a retired
take early retirement 提前退休
retirement age 退休年龄
a retirement pension 退休金
in retirement 退休
come out of retirement 复出
His grandfather retired from work through injury.
他祖父因伤而退休。
He wants to retire as the greatest basketball player who ever lived.他想以有史以来最伟大的篮球运动员的身份退休。
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.
他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
Sebastian Coe will come out of retirement to run the London marathon.塞巴斯蒂安科将复出参加伦敦马拉松赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has no plans to retire ________ an editor of the magazine.
②He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.
③A ________ (retire) person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf.
④She was forced to retire early ________ teaching because of ill health.
⑤She came out of ________ (retire) to win two gold medals at the championships.
⑥I'm still that shy, ________ (retire) little girl who was afraid to ask for sweets in the shop.
4．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的　advance n．前进；进展；提前　v．预付；增长；提前；促进
(教材原句)．..developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earth's crust so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it.……开发出能够穿透地壳的先进照相机，这样就可以在不深入地壳的情况下对其进行分析。
(1)advanced technology　　　 先进技术
advanced courses 高级课程
advanced material 先进的材料
advanced mathematics 高等数学
(2)of advanced years/sb.'s advanced age
高龄；年事已高
(3)make advances (in) (在……方面)进步，有进展
in advance (＝ahead of time/schedule)
提前；预先，事先
in advance of 在……前面；比……先进；超过
advance one's knowledge of 增长某人有关……的知识
be advanced by 由……促进
The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.
会谈的主题已提前一周宣布。
I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。
Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.这类书可能会增长你有关欧洲历史的知识。
We should learn their advanced experience in management from them.我们应该向他们学习先进的管理经验。
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.
建立一个高级的、庞大的词汇量并不是那么难。
[语境助记]　
The disease was too far advanced to be treated.
病情已经发展到晚期，没法治疗了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They use the Internet as a tool ________ (advance) their research.
②He was suffering from cancer which had already reached an ________ (advance) stage.
③Galileo's ideas were well ________ advance of the age in which he lived.
④While humans make ________ (advance) in some areas, they are always threatening the existence of natural resources.
完成句子
⑤You have to fix visits up ________________ (提前) with the museum.
⑥In the parade, the band will march ________________ (在……前面) the football team.
⑦The Chinese scientists ____________________________ (取得进步) in the last few years on several major fronts.
5．collapse vi.& n．突然倒下；倒塌；晕倒；突然失败；瓦解；崩溃；暴跌
(教材原句)In November 2016, Huang collapsed and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer.
2016年11月，黄晕倒并被送往医院，在那里他被确诊癌症。
collapse from 由于……而倒塌；由于……而垮掉
collapse under 被……压塌
collapse on the sofa 倒在沙发上
complete economic collapse 彻底的经济崩溃
in danger of collapse 有倒塌的危险
collapse under the weight of 在……重压下突然坍塌
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
他昏倒在大街上，两个小时后去世了。
He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing.
他跳舞时因心脏病突发晕倒了。
The walls were strengthened to protect them from collapse.
围墙已加固以防倒塌。
A few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bed.
他病倒后过了几天就在床上起身坐着了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The patient ultimately collapsed ________ heart failure.
②It seems that the walls will collapse ________ the load of these roofs.
写出句中collapse的词性及含义
③His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.____________
④The governor called for an inquiry into the apartment's collapse.____________
⑤She was so tired when she got home that she collapsed on the bed.____________
6．forwards adv.向前
(教材原句)Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards.
作为一个真正的科学家，黄从不放弃，总是努力向前。
backwards and forwards 来回地
bring forward 把……提前；提出
look forward (to) 期待，盼望
push forward... 推进……；抓紧进行
push sb./oneself forward 使引人注目；使出风头；突显
put forward 提出(建议等)；把(表)拨快
Space scientists and astronomers have taken another step forwards.航天科学家和天文学家又取得了进展。
Travelling backwards and forwards every day costs him too much money.每天来回奔波花了他太多的钱。
She leaned forwards/forward and kissed her son on the cheek.
她倾身向前，吻了她儿子的面颊。
It was decided to bring the meeting forward two weeks.
已决定把会议提前两周。
Looking forward, we hope to expand our operations in several of our overseas branches.
展望未来，我们希望拓展我们其中几家海外分公司的业务。
He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。
[说明]　forwards只作副词，而forward可用作形容词、副词或动词，后者更为常用。
[即学即练]　选词填空：look/put/push
①China would use its influence to help ________ forward the peace process.
②Come and bring your wife or another guest. We ________ forward to seeing you.
③He has ________ forward a proposal concerning child health.
完成句子
④My grandfather rocked ________________________ (来回地) on his chair.
⑤He had to ________________ (把……提前) an 11 o'clock meeting so that he could get to the funeral on time.
⑥We ________________ (期待) seeing Mrs Brown in Luoyang this evening.
7．reference n．推荐信；说到(或写到)的事，谈到，提及；参考，参照；征求，征询　,refer v．提到；涉及；查阅；交给
(教材原句)．..he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students.……他继续他的工作，为他的同事写推荐信，回答学生的问题。
a reference letter　　　　推荐信
a reference book 参考书
for future reference 供日后参考
in/with reference to 关于
without reference to 不考虑……；置……于不顾
take up references 收推荐信
make no reference to 没提及……
refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考
refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/某事物交给某人
refer to...as... 称……是……；认为……是……
I would appreciate it if you could write a reference letter for me.
如果您能为我写一封推荐信，我将不胜感激。
The library contains a large number of foreign language reference books.图书馆有大量的外文参考书。
This test is to be taken by all pupils without reference to age or grade.这次测验的对象是全体小学生，无关年龄和年级。
When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.当我说有些人很蠢的时候，我指的不是你。
Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
She referred to the novel as a good history book.
她把这本小说称作一本好的史册。
He referred me to a receptionist.
他指引我到接待员那里。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ (refer).
②In fact, tradition also refers ________ the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
③He admitted ________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
④The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
⑤The members referred the question ________ the committee, as they were unable to reach a decision.
完成句子
⑥You should ________ this matter __________________ (把……提交给) the head office for a decision.
⑦The children used to ______________________ (把那位老师称为) Grandpa.
8．faith n．相信；信任；宗教信仰；真诚　faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的　faithfully adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
(教材原句)He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.他对前程似锦的这一代人才充满信心。
(1)have faith in 对……抱有信心
lose faith in 不再信任；对……失去信心
break faith 背信弃义；失信
in good faith 诚心诚意地
put faith in 相信；信任
destroy one's faith 毁掉某人的信仰
(2)be faithful to 忠实于；忠心于
There are a lot of difficulties in front of us, yet we still have faith in victory.
虽然我们面临许多困难，但是我们仍对胜利充满信心。
He still has great talent, but he has lost faith in himself.
他仍然很有才气，却对自己失去了信心。
Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends.
不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。
Never lose your faith in the experiment.
你永远不要对实验失去信心。
His translation manages to be faithful to the spirit of the original.他的译文做到了忠于原文。
[易错警示]　faith在表示“信任……”时，后须接介词in。faith后可接由that引导的同位语从句。
I have great faith that this will happen.
我很有信心，这会发生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are all ________ (faith) listeners to the programme.
②She promised ________ (faithful) not to tell anyone my secret.
③She had been faithful ________ her promise to guard this secret.
④He sold us the car ________ good faith, not knowing that it didn't run properly.
选词填空： lose/put
⑤He has ________ faith in his ability since he failed the exam.
⑥When you ________ faith in yourself, you will always be full of power.
9．found vt.创立；创建；建立　founder n．创办者，发起人　foundation n．创建；基础；地基
(教材原句)The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career, when he was fired from the company he had co-founded.
已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败，当时他被自己共同创立的公司解雇。
found a
found sth. on sth.＝base sth. on sth.
把……建立在……的基础上
be founded on... 建立在……的基础上
one of the founders of ……的创建人之一
lay/provide a (firm/solid) foundation for
为……打下(坚实的)基础
without foundation 没有根据
Mr Smith founded a library and a hospital in the town.
史密斯先生在这座镇上建了一个图书馆和一家医院。
I found my hopes of success on my own hard work.
我把成功的希望建立在我辛勤的工作之上。
Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
Careful planning laid the foundations for the nation's economic miracle.精心的规划为国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。
[易混警示]　
(1)·found “建立，创立(机构、组织等)”，同set up，但更强调打基础；
·build “建造，建立”，常指建造大型建筑物，可接具体或抽象的名词；
·put up “建造，搭建”，指搭建高于地平面的小型建筑物。
(2)found (建立)—founded—founded
find (发现)—found—found
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Although she ________ (found) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
②It's widely accepted that friendship is founded ________ mutual trust.
③According to the old tradition, Romulus was the ________ (found) of Rome.
④Europe's 100 most valuable firms ________ (found) more than 40 years ago.
⑤Respect and friendship provide a solid ________ (found) for marriage.
10．promotion n．提升，晋升；促进，增进；推广，促销　promote vt.晋升；促进)
(教材原句)After 15 years at the magazine, she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.
在杂志社干了15年后，她没有晋升为主编。
try for promotion 争取晋升
win promotion 赢得晋级
recommend sb. for promotion 推荐提升某人
get a promotion 得到/晋升/提升
a promotion to 提升为……(职位)
sales promotion 促销
a chance for promotion 晋级/晋升的机会
business/marketing/trade/website promotion
业务/市场/贸易/网站推广
be promoted to... 被提升为……
I have every confidence that he'll get a promotion soon.
我很有信心，他很快就会得到晋升。
Personal contact is beneficial to the promotion of understanding.
面谈有利于增进了解。
This year's sales promotions haven't been very successful.
今年的促销活动不是很成功。
He was promoted from assistant sales manager to sales manager.他从助理销售经理晋升为销售经理。
[拓展]　
promote sb. (from...) to...
把某人(从……)提拔到……
get promoted升职
promote peace促进和平
promote sb. to sth.
把某人提升到某个职位上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
②As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
③The news of her ________ (promote) went over well with her colleagues.
④After several years' hard work, I ________ (promote) to editor and then editorial director.
11．label n．标签，标记　vt.贴标签于；把……称为
(教材原句)However, this setback prompted her to set up her own bridal fashion label.
然而，这一挫折促使她创立了自己的婚纱时尚品牌。
(1)a designer label 名牌
on the label 在标签上
attach/paste a label 粘贴标签
remove/take off a label 除去标签
with a label 带有标签
a logo label 商标
(2)label...with sth. 在……上用某物标注；把……
贴在……上
label...(as)... (尤指不公正地)把……称为……
I read the information on the label before deciding which jam to buy.我先看果酱标签上的说明再决定买哪种。
She put a label on the bottle.她在瓶子上贴标签。
You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.
邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。
Make sure your luggage is properly labelled.
确保你行李上的标签贴好。
We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明成分和日期。
He was labelled as a conservative.他被称为保守派。
[语境助记]　Women are tired of being labelled as unskilled workers.
妇女厌倦被列为非熟练工人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She labelled the case ________ her name and address.
②The man ________ (label) as a traitor by his former colleagues.
③Never smoke on deck except in areas labelled ________ smoking areas.
完成句子
④According to the symbol ________________ (在标签上), this sweater should be washed by hand.
12．entrance n．进入许可；入口；进入；登场
(教材原句)Twice failing the college entrance examination at home, Lee turned to study drama in the US...
在国内两次高考失利后，李安转而去美国学习戏剧……
gain entrance to 进入
have free entrance to 免费进入
make one's/an entrance 出场；登台
an entrance examination 入学考试
at the entrance (to...) 在(……)入口处
the entrance to 通向……的入口(to表示方向)
the entrance of... ……的入口处(of表示所属关系)
the college entrance examination
高考/大学入学考试
entrance fees 入场费
The police were unable to gain entrance to the house.
警方无法进入这栋房子。
Guests have free entrance to the swimming pool and the health club.客人们可以免费使用游泳池和健身俱乐部。
When he made his entrance on stage, there was uproar.
当他登上舞台时，全场一片哗然。
[学法点拨]　名词后用of表示所属关系是最常见的用法。但在某些名词出现时，常用to来表示所属关系。如：
the entrance to...　　　　……的入口
the exit to... ……的出口
the answer to... ……的答案
the bridge to... 通向……的桥
the key to... ……的钥匙；……的关键
the secret to... ……的秘诀
the way to... 通向……的路
the solution to... ……的解决方案
[拓展]　
enter v．进入；输入；报名参加
enter for报名参加(比赛)
Fifty competitors have entered for the spring long distance race.已经有50名选手报名参加春季长跑比赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The students ________ (enter) the exhibition hall group by group.
②Last Sunday ten students from our class entered ________ the swim across the Yangtze River.
③The statue of the Little Mermaid stands at the entrance ________ the harbour.
④Many students have insufficient science and mathematics background to gain ________ (enter) to engineering school.
⑤I won't tell the student the answer ________ the maths problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
完成句子
⑥At twenty to six I was waiting by __________________________________ (通向……的入口) the station.
⑦________________ (……的解决方案) this problem is acceptable.
13．income n．收入；收益
(教材原句)During six years with no income, he had to depend on his wife.
在没有收入的六年中，他不得不依靠他的妻子。
a high/large income 高收入
a low/small income 低收入
the average income 平均收入
have an income of 有……的收入
a source of income 收入来源
Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own house.许多低收入家庭将买不起自己的房子。
To cover its costs, the company will need an annual income of ￡5 million.公司年收入需要达到500万英镑才能收支平衡。
[比较]　income/pay/salary/wage
(1)income指收入、收益、所得
(2)pay指工资、薪水
(3)salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
(4)wage通常指按小时或按周领取的工资、工钱
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The journalist over there ________________ (收入很高).
②We ________________ (有……的收入) over $100，000 a year.
选词填空：income/pay/salary/wage
③Teachers will be awarded a 6% ________ increase this year.
④The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting ________ tax.
⑤In our family both my husband and I are ________ earners.
第二版块|重要短语
1．take on 呈现；雇用；承担
(教材原句)Lang Ping became a star in China because of her success, her positive attitude and her ability to take on challenges.
郎平因为她的成功、积极向上的态度和接受挑战的魄力，成了中国的明星。
take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)
take apart 拆开；拆卸
take a turn for the better/worse 突然好转/恶化
take it easy 别急；沉住气；从容点
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
The chameleon can take on the colours of its background.
变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。
Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle.
不要承担超出你能力范围的责任。
Your daughter doesn't take after you at all.
你女儿长得一点儿都不像你。
Take the watch apart and see if you can find out what's wrong with it.把这块表拆开，看看你能否找到故障在哪儿。
The doctor told me to take it easy.医生叫我放轻松。
It's an important decision for you, so take your time to think it over.对你来说，这是一项重要的决定，因此慢慢考虑一下吧。
[语境助记]　
He's spoken to a publishing firm. The manager is going to take him on．他和一家出版公司谈过了。经理打算雇用他。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's nice to sit down and take ________ easy after a hard day's work.
②With her light hair and blue eyes Mary seems to take ________ her mother, but in character she is more like her father.
③He took the machine ________ to show every detail of its operation.
写出句中take on的含义
④Every classroom in our school is bright and clean and takes on a new look.____________
⑤He took on the responsibility for protecting her.____________
⑥Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.____________
2．make it取得成功；及时到达
(教材原句)They figure they've made it, and then they sit back in their comfort zone.
他们认为自己成功了，然后就在自己的舒适区什么都不做。
make it to 到达；及时赶到
make up for 补偿；弥补
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make the best of 尽力而为/充分利用
make up one's mind 下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
The earliest possible date I can make it is the third.
我最早也要到三号才能赶到。
This will make up for what he lacked in book knowledge.这将会弥补他所缺的书本知识。
He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.他隐约看到有个黑影朝他走来。
We should make full use of our opportunities to speak English.我们应该充分利用我们的机会讲英语。
[语境助记]　
I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.我认为我们不会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She's absolutely certain she's going to make ________ in the world.
②Hard work can often make up ________ a lack of ability.
③She thought she heard a name. She couldn't make it ________， though.
完成句子
④We did ____________________________________ (成功到达) Hefei finally that night after a long journey.
⑤I don't think he'll ________________________________________ (成功), but he is still persisting.
3．in common 共同的；共有的
(教材原句)All these individuals share something in common: At tough moments in their lives，they showed grit.
所有这些人都有一个共同点：在他们生活中的艰难时刻，他们表现出了毅力。
have everything in common (with)(与……)一切都相同
have something in common (with) (与……)有一些共同之处
have nothing in common (with) (与……)没有共同之处
have much/a lot in common (with) (与……)有许多共同之处
have little in common (with) (与……)几乎没有共同之处
in common with 与……一样
Ideologically, there was nothing in common between them.他们在思想观念上格格不入。
We happened to discover we had a friend in common.
我们碰巧发现我们有个共同的朋友。
Though the two versions have much/a lot in common, there are some important differences.
尽管这两个版本有许多共同之处，但还是有一些重要的差异。
They have little in common. They are on good terms with each other, however.他们几乎没有共同点。不过，他们彼此关系很好。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In common ________ many others, she applied for a training place.
②We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have ________ common.
完成句子
③Though they are twin sisters, they __________________________________ (几乎没有共同之处).
④____________________________________________________(与……一样 ) other students, I arrive at school on time every day.
⑤The only thing we ____________________________________ (共同的) is that we've both been to France.
第三版块|典型句式
1．现在分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)Under her leadership, the team came back to the top, winning the 2015 World Cup.
在她的领导下，中国女排国家队重返巅峰，赢得了2015年女排世界杯冠军。
Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the sunlight.妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在了外面。
Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，它将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
[说明]　(1)时间状语(相当于时间状语从句)
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.听到老师的声音，学生们立刻停止了讲话。
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。
(2)原因状语(相当于原因状语从句)
Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。
(3)条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)
Turning right, you will find the circus you want.
向右转，你会找到你想看的马戏团。
(4)让步状语(相当于让步状语从句)
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
(5)伴随状语
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。
(6)结果状语
The mother died, leaving her children a lot of money.
那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。
[误区警示]　(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示自然的、顺理成章的结果，而不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only搭配使用。
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.
1 500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。
I hurried to his house, only to find him not in.
我匆匆赶到他家，却发现他不在家。
(2)现在分词否定式：not＋现在分词。
Not recovering from the operation, I couldn't keep pace with you.由于尚未从手术中康复，我跟不上你的步伐。
[说明]　
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。有时为了强调，分词前会加when、while、if、unless、once、though、 even if、as if等连词(短语)一起作状语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ (allow) for a new generation of virtual reality.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.
④The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
⑤The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
⑥Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ (turn) the old town into dreamland.
⑦Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.
同义句转换
⑧We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, and think that all children like these things.
→We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs， _________________．
⑨While I was waiting for the bus, I had a long talk with the agent about her work.
→________________________， I had a long talk with the agent about her work.
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years.
到2008年黄回到中国时，他已经在英国生活和工作了15年。
[句式分析]　by the time表示“到……时为止，到……的时候”，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
By the time he leaves university, he will have got work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
只要他做兼职工作，到他大学毕业的时候，他就会有工作经验了。
[归纳拓展]　
by the end of＋
[说明]　
(1)by the time＋一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时，表示截至从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成。
(2)by the time＋一般现在时(表示将来)，主句通常用将来完成时，表示截至将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。
(3)如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句不用完成时，而应根据需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The phone was ringing, but by the time she got indoors, it ________ (stop).
②He ________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
③By the end of next month, he ________ (be) away from his hometown for a whole year.
完成句子
④______________________________________________________________(等到他退休时)，he will have worked in this organisation for 35 years.
⑤By the time I got to the station, the train _____________________________(已经走了).
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return home, driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country.
他在那里有一份不错的工作，而且过着优裕的生活，但他放弃了所有这一切回到了祖国，(因为)他的想法是要为祖国作贡献。
Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.从塔顶望去，山的南麓是一片林海。
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
孩子们被这个故事深深地感动了，开始哭了起来。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、伴随、让步、原因等。
Left alone at home, Jane didn't feel afraid at all.
被单独留在家里，简一点儿也不感到害怕。(表时间)
Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，这场火灾本来是可以避免的。(表条件)
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得流下了眼泪。(表伴随)
Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)
Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词(短语)，如when、until、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。
When asked about her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
当问到她未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用，你很快就会被通知。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When ________ (ask) to choose his “buddies”， Simon picked out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________ (surround) by his family.
③Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when ________ (call) upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
④Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
⑤________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
⑥________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
完成句子
⑦______________________(因为淋了一场大雨)，the girl was all wet.
⑧______________________(尽管被警告有危险), he still went skating on the thin ice.
⑨________________________(被他的学生簇拥着), the professor sat there cheerfully.
4．同位语从句
I couldn't bear the thought that these forests would be lost forever.一想到这些森林将永远消失，我就受不了。
[说明]　(1)同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，对名词作进一步解释，说明其具体内容。
(2)可接同位语从句的名词有fact、news、idea、doubt、thought、conclusion、question、feeling、promise、truth、report、possibility、problem、order、rumour等。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
我们明天放假的消息不实。
(3)连接词
①连接代词：what、which、who
②连接副词：when、where、why、how等
③连词：that、whether
Do you have any idea what time it starts
你知道它什么时候开始吗？
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他什么时候会回来。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.对还是错的问题取决于结果。
[误区警示]　
(1)在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、resolution等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的提议是主席提出的。
(2)有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。
The news got about that our school football team had won.
消息传开说我们校足球队赢了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There's a possibility ________ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation.
②I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me
③The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
④I've come to the conclusion ________ it was unwise to do that.
单句写作
⑤消息传开说他中彩票得了一辆汽车。(the news got about that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市了。(the thought came to him that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．情态动词＋have done
(教材原句)Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way.
失败让我了解了自己，这是我无法通过其他方式了解到的。
He wished he could have helped her more than he did.
他希望自己当时能更多地帮帮她。
The accident could have been much worse；luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成伤害。
He could have avoided the car crash, but he was too careless.本来他能够避免车祸，但是他太粗心了。
—Why are your eyes so red You couldn't have slept well last night.你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚不可能睡得很好。
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.是的，我熬夜写报告了。
He might have arrived at his destination if he had followed his friends' advice.如果他听了朋友们的劝告，他可能已经到达目的地了。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
You should have set down his telephone number yesterday, but you didn't.你昨天就应该记下他的电话号码，但是你没有。
You ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
会议可有意思了，你真该参加。
I needn't have got up so early. It is Sunday.
我本不必起那么早的。今天是星期天。
[归纳拓展]　“情态动词＋have done”用法归纳：
needn't have done(过去)本没必要做(而实际上做了)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I could ________ (make) six salads with what I threw out.
②You could ________ (find) the deer if you had followed its track.
③You shouldn't ________ (go) without telling us; we were really concerned about you.
④Harry is feeling uncomfortable; he must ________ (drink) too much at the party last night.
⑤I needn't ________ (worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
完成句子
⑥George __________________________________________ (不可能走得太远).His coffee is still warm.
⑦Look at the time! We ____________________________ (本应该在剧院) ten minutes ago.
⑧She ____________________ (可能会取得更大的成功), if you had given her more chances.
⑨Look, Tom is crying. I ____________________ (本不应该) so strict with him.
6．表语从句
(教材原句)This is where the importance of failure comes in: If we can learn how to manage failure，we'll learn how to succeed.
这就是失败的重要性所在：如果我们能学会如何应对失败，我们就能学会如何成功。
The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.你们关系的核心是你们一直随时帮助彼此。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样才能获得我们需要的东西。
[说明]　常见的表语从句的连接词：
(1)连词(词组)：that、whether/if、as if/though、because。在句中不充当任何句子成分；
The trouble is that we are short of funds.
困难是我们缺乏资金。
(2)连接代词：who、whom、whose、which、what等。在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；
The reference book is not what I need.
这本参考书不是我所需要的。
(3)连接副词：when、where、how、why等。在句中作状语。
The problem is why she didn't go back home directly.
问题是她为什么不直接回家。
[误区警示]　
(1)表语从句前只能是连系动词，如be、seem、appear、look等。
(2)that在表语从句中只起连接作用，但通常不可以省略。
(3)as if/though引导的表语从句是否用虚拟语气，关键看是否有可能真实发生。
It looks as if/though it might rain.(可能性不大)
It looks as if/though it's going to rain.(陈述语气，可能性很大，很有可能成为事实)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The truth is ________ he has never been to the countryside.
②It appears to her ________ he wants to teach us all he has.
③The problem is ________ we can get to replace her.
④That is ________ you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne.
⑤The question is ________ we can reach the goal at the end of this month.
完成句子
⑥The reason why he was late is ______________________________________ (他的自行车坏了).
⑦At that time, it seemed __________________________________ (好像我想不出合适的词来).
⑧He did not see the film last night. __________________________________ (那是因为)he had to help his little sister with her homework.
7．强调句
(教材原句)．..it was this experience that helped her to succeed...……正是这段经历帮助她成功了……
[句式分析]　(1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
(2)句式变化：
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋其他部分？
We met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园遇到了一位伟大的科学家。
→It was we that/who met a great scientist in the park yesterday.(强调主语)
→It was a great scientist that/who we met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)
→It was in the park that we met a great scientist yesterday.(强调地点状语)
→It was yesterday that we met a great scientist in the park.(强调时间状语)
[易错警示]　
(1)构成强调句型的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(3)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(4)强调句型的判断方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
②You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
③It is you ________________ to do the special project.
④________________ in this palace ________ the last emperor died
⑤It was ________________ (not, till) you telephoned me ________ I knew what had happened.
⑥It ________ Jack ________ loves football most.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He met with so many ________ (拒绝) that he could barely move on.
2．They made their fortune in the ________ (时尚) business.
3．This is a perfect platform where ________ (设计师) show off their works.
4．They complained ________ (痛苦地) about the new rules.
5．He pushes himself to the limits every day in order to have a chance of ________ (晋升).
6．The book written by the educationalist is now ________ (公认) as a classic.
7．Your feedback will ________ (促成) a lot to our improvement.
8．She ________ (退职) from politics after her second term in office.
9．His ________ (奉献) to his academic research left him little time with his family.
10．The course, which has attracted millions of students online, is suitable for beginners and ________ (高级的) ones.
11．He is a big fan of those fashion ________ (标签，品牌).
12．Students with references have a better chance to gain the ________ (进入许可)to the company.
13．In reality, many families with low ________ (收入) can't afford to buy their own house.
14．After the intense chase, he ________ (突然倒下) in the street.
15．I wrote down the name of the publisher for future ________ (参考).
16．We should have ________ (信任) in our leadership.
17．He'll never get anywhere—he lacks ________ (自制力).
18．The designer ________ (创立) his own studio two years ago.
Ⅱ.短语填空
further one's study, share something in common, pay off, get distracted, participate in, take on challenges, contribute to, come up with
1．Ultimately, their efforts ____________ and all of them got on.
2．We tend to make friends in the dormitory with those who we ____________ with.
3．He went to Sweden to ____________ and came back with outstanding achievements.
4．The professor is expected to ____________ the opening ceremony.
5．I ____________ by the countless advertisements when surfing the Internet for some information.
6．The designer ____________ a new wheelchair to help the disabled sit more comfortably.
7．I know I may face rejections, but I am willing to ____________．
8．Whether you are a millionaire or someone living in poverty, you can ____________ the future of the world.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural ________ (refer), making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
2．Participate ________ discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
3．“I'm trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions，” said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after ________ (retire).
4．Very small drones with ________ (advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.
5．Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species, ________ (bring) protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
6．The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ________．
7．In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual ________ (recognise) alone.
8．Of the nineteen ________ (recognize) polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
9．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute ________ some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
10．When she retired ________ dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The driver admitted that the accident ______________________________(是可以避免的) if he had driven his car more slowly.
2．The citizens' concern is that ______________________________ (新机场会给他们带来噪声污染).
3．All communication systems, language included, ________________________________ (都有一些共同的特征).
4．________________________________________(专心写他的新小说), Dad has little time for recreation.
5．________________________________________(配备了先进的设备), the company will raise its production sharply soon.
6．Nobody doubt the fact ________________________________________ (只有毅力才能促成成功).
7．________________________(到他大学毕业时), he had set up two enterprises of his own.
8．Without doubt, a positive attitude ______________________________ (有助于我们的身心健康).
Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．iron　2.style　3.retire　4.collapse　5.discipline　6.label
7．hammer　8.income
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．recognise; recognised; recognition　2.contribute; contribution; contributor　3.retire; retiring; retired; retirement　4.devote; devoted; devotion　5.advance; advance; advanced　6.refer; reference　7.faith; faithful; faithfully　8.discipline; discipline; disciplined　9.reject; rejection　10.fashion; fashionable; fashionably　11.founder; foundation　12.entry; entrance
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．one of the most recognised athletes　2.contribute greatly to 3．strong and powerful playing style　4.earn her the name “Iron Hammer”　5.under her leadership　6.her devotion to her career　7.make it　8.a letter/letters of reference/recommendation　9.have great faith in　10.pay more attention to　11.attend his funeral　12.be bitterly disappointed
1． 2.由于，因为　3.她接受挑战的魄力 4．以运动员身份退役　5.郎平对中国排球的奉献　6.舒舒服服地坐好；袖手旁观　7.参加　8.任职　9.将某人描述为……　10.被……拒绝　11.自律，有自制力　12.在某人看来 13．时装设计师　14.奏效；付清债务　15.简单地说，简而言之
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①recognition　②as　③beyond　④to be　⑤recognised
2．①contribution　②to　③building　④造成　⑤捐赠 ⑥投稿
3．①as　②in　③retired　④from　⑤retirement　⑥retiring
4．①to advance　②advanced　③in　④advances　⑤in advance
⑥in advance of　⑦have made advances
5．①from　②under　③动词，瓦解　④名词，倒塌 ⑤动词，突然倒下
6．①push　②look ③put ④backwards and forwards ⑤bring forward　⑥look forward to
7．①reference　②to　③referring　④as　⑤to　⑥refer; to
⑦refer to that old teacher as
8．①faithful　②faithfully　③to　④in　⑤lost　⑥put
9．①founded　②on　③founder　④were founded　⑤foundation
10．①to　②promoted　③promotion　④was promoted
11．①with　②was labelled/labeled　③as　④on the label
12．①entered　②for　③to　④entrance　⑤to　⑥the entrance to　⑦The solution to
13．①has a high/large income　②have an income of　③pay/salary　④income　⑤wage
第二版块|重要短语
1．①it　②after　③apart　④呈现　⑤承担　⑥雇用
2．①it　②for　③out　④make it to　⑤make it
3．①with　②in　③have little in common　④In common with
⑤have in common
第三版块|典型句式
1．①allowing　②reflecting　③exceeding　④ranging
⑤allowing　⑥turning　⑦using　⑧thinking that all children like these things　⑨While waiting/Waiting for the bus
2．①had stopped　②will have learned/learnt　③will have been　④By the time he retires　⑤had already gone
3．①asked　②surrounded　③called　④used　⑤Ordered　⑥Absorbed　⑦Caught in a heavy rain　⑧Though warned of the danger　⑨Surrounded by his students
4．①that　②why　③that　④that　⑤The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.　⑥The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5．①have made　②have found　③have gone　④have drunk　⑤have worried　⑥can't have gone too far　⑦should have been at the theatre　⑧might have achieved greater success　⑨shouldn't have been
6．①that　②that　③who　④why　⑤whether　⑥that his bike broke down　⑦as if I couldn't think of the right word ⑧That was because
7．①that　②that　③who are　④Was it; that　⑤not until; that　⑥is; who
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．rejections　2.fashion　3.designers　4.bitterly
5．promotion　6.recognised　7.contribute　8.retired
9．devotion　10.advanced　11.labels　12.entrance
13．incomes　14.collapsed　15.reference　16.faith
17．discipline　18.founded
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．paid off　2.share something in common　3.further his study　4.participate in　5.got distracted　6.has come up with　7.take on challenges　8.contribute to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．解析：references　用名词作宾语。句意：比斯尔先生巧妙地组织了历史见解和文化借鉴，使他的故事从西方人的角度全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
2．解析：in　participate in参与。句意：参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话。
3．解析：retirement　介词后面接名词作宾语，故用retire的名词形式retirement。句意：“我想让越来越多的人明白，有解决办法，”伯德尼女士说，她曾是一名训练有素的护士，退休后仍在工作，做一名私人教练。
4．解析：advanced　应该用形容词修饰名词sensors，故填advanced“先进的，高级的”。句意：配备先进传感器和人工智能并可以在列车前面飞行的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样引导列车。
5．解析：bringing　分析语境可知，句子成分完整，不缺少谓语动词，故此处需要填非谓语动词形式。giant pandas与bring之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：大熊猫也是伞护种，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物提供了保护。
6．解析：off　pay off成功，奏效。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在奏效。
7．解析：recognition　由空格前的形容词visual可知此处填名词形式。recognise的名词为recognition。句意：在实验中，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉在大多数情况下，仅通过视觉识别就能够选择工作所需的正确工具。
8．解析：recognized　形容词recognized修饰名词subpopulations。句意：在19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个种群数量在减少，6个种群数量稳定，1个种群数量在增加，9个种群数量数据不足。
9．解析：to　contribute to有助于，促成，为固定搭配。句意：研究表明，情绪技能可能对于这些品质中的一些有所助益，但它们中的大多数都远远超出了基于技能的情商。
10．解析：from　retire from从……退休，为固定搭配。句意：当她退休不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活时，她决定是时候冒险了。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．could have been avoided　2.the new airport will bring them noise pollution　3.have certain features in common 4．Applying himself to writing his new novel　5.Equipped with advanced facilities　6.that only perseverance can contribute to success　7.By the time he left college　8.contributes to our physical and mental health
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共196张PPT)
Section E　Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 铁；熨斗
2．____________ n. 方式，特点
3．____________ vi. 退休；退职
4．____________ vi. 突然倒下；倒塌
5．____________ n. 自制力　vt. 惩罚，处罚
6．____________ n. 标签，标记 vt. 贴标签于
7．____________ n. 榔头；锤子
8．____________ n. 收入；收益
iron
style
retire
collapse
discipline
label
hammer　
income
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.认可；认出→________ adj.公认的；经过检验的→________ n．认可；认出，识别
2．________ vi.& vt.增进；捐献；促成→________ n．捐献；贡献；投稿→________ n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
3．________ vi.退休；退职→________ adj.不爱与人交往的→________ adj.退休的，退役的→________ n．退休；退休生活
recognise
recognised
recognition　
contribute
contribution
contributor
retire
retiring
retired
retirement　
4．________ v．献身→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的→________ n．奉献；忠心
5．________ n．前进；进展；提前→________ v．前进；提前→________ adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的
6．________ v．参考，查阅→________ n．推荐信；谈到，提及
7．________ n．相信；信任→________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的→________ adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
8．________ n．自制力；纪律；行为准则→________ vt.惩罚，处罚→________ adj.受过训练的；遵守纪律的
devote
devoted
devotion　
advance
advance
advanced　
refer
reference　
faith
faithful
faithfully
discipline
discipline
disciplined　
9．________ v．拒绝→________ n．嫌弃；拒绝接受
10．________ n．时尚→________ adj.时髦的→________ adv.赶时髦地
11．found vt.创立；创建→________ n．建立者→________ n．地基；基础
12．enter vt.& vi.进入，入学，入会，参加→________ n．进入；入场；入会→________ n．入口；大门；入学，入会，登场
reject
rejection
fashion
fashionable
fashionably　
founder
foundation
entry
entrance

one of the most recognised athletes　
contribute greatly to
strong and powerful playing style
earn her the name “Iron Hammer”
under her leadership
6．______________________ 她对职业生涯的奉献/投入
7．________________ 获得成功；赶上
8．_______________________________ 推荐信
9．________________ 对……充满信心
10．________________ 更多关注
11．________________ 参加他的葬礼
12．___________________ 非常失望
her devotion to her career
make it　
a letter/letters of reference/recommendation　
have great faith in　
pay more attention to　
attend his funeral　
be bitterly disappointed
取得一系列成功　
由于，因为　
她接受挑战的魄力
以运动员身份退役　
郎平对中国排球的奉献
舒舒服服地坐好；袖手旁观　
参加　
8．take up a position ________________
9．describe sb. as ________________
10．be rejected by ________________
11．have discipline ________________
12．in one's view ________________
13．a fashion designer ________________
14．pay off ________________
15．put simply ______________________
任职
将某人描述为……　
被……拒绝　
自律，有自制力　
在某人看来
时装设计师
奏效；付清债务　
简单地说，简而言之
(2)recognise one's voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognise...as/to be... 承认/认为……是……
be recognised as/to be... 被认为是……
recognise that/wh-从句 承认/意识到……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(3)change beyond/out of all recognition
(变得)(完全)认不出来；变得面目全非
receive full recognition 得到完全认可
They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
The hospital is recognised as a centre of excellence in research and teaching.这所医院被认为是成就卓著的研究和教学中心。
He is recognised to be one of the greatest poets in the 20th century.他被公认是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。
It is recognised that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。
After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond all recognition.25年过去了，市中心变得完全认不出来了。
[比较]　
recognised adj.得到认可的
recognisable adj.易于识别的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His government did not receive full ________ (recognise) by the United States until July.
②The magazine recognised her ________ a national leader in education reform.
recognition
as　
③I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed ________ recognition.
④Professor Smith is recognised ________ (be) one of the greatest scholars in English philology.
⑤The moment I saw her, I ________ (recognise) her, although she changed a lot through the years.
beyond　
to be　
recognised
2．contribute vi.& vt.增进；捐赠；促成；投稿，撰稿　contribution n．贡献；捐款（赠）；稿件　contributor n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
(教材原句)She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the sport...
她成为排球明星已经35年多了，并为这项运动作出了巨大的贡献……
(1)contribute to 为……作出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；给……撰稿；是……的原因之一
contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
(2)make a contribution/contributions to
为……做出贡献；向……捐款
make an important contribution/make important contributions to
为……做出重要贡献
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
He contributes regularly to the magazine New Scientist.
他定期给《新科学家》杂志撰稿。
He has made an important contribution to the company's success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。
[语境助记]　
It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money.她很大方，捐助了这么一大笔钱。
(It's generous of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很慷慨。)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①All the money has been raised by voluntary ________ (contribute).
②We contributed ￡5，000 ________ the earthquake fund.
③He made a very positive contribution to ________ (build) the project successfully.
contribution　
to
building　
写出句中contribute的含义
④Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.____________
⑤The local government hoped that everybody living in the region contributed to the Red Cross.____________
⑥I was asked to contribute to the local newspaper making predictions for the new year.____________
造成　
捐赠
投稿
3．retire vi.退休；退职　retiring adj.即将退休的；不爱与人交往的　retired adj.退休的，退役的,retirement n．退休；退休生活；退出
(教材原句)After retiring as an athlete in 1986, she became a successful volleyball coach in the United States and Italy.
1986年以运动员身份退役后，她作为美国和意大利的排球教练而获得成功。


His grandfather retired from work through injury.
他祖父因伤而退休。
He wants to retire as the greatest basketball player who ever lived.他想以有史以来最伟大的篮球运动员的身份退休。
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.
他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
Sebastian Coe will come out of retirement to run the London marathon.塞巴斯蒂安科将复出参加伦敦马拉松赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has no plans to retire ________ an editor of the magazine.
②He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.
③A ________ (retire) person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf.
④She was forced to retire early ________ teaching because of ill health.
⑤She came out of ________ (retire) to win two gold medals at the championships.
⑥I'm still that shy, ________ (retire) little girl who was afraid to ask for sweets in the shop.
as
in　
retired
from
retirement　
retiring
4．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的　advance n．前进；进展；提前　v．预付；增长；提前；促进
(教材原句) …developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earth's crust so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it.
……开发出能够穿透地壳的先进照相机，这样就可以在不深入地壳的情况下对其进行分析。
(1)advanced technology 先进技术
advanced courses 高级课程
advanced material 先进的材料
advanced mathematics 高等数学
(2)of advanced years/sb.'s advanced age 高龄；年事已高
(3)make advances (in) (在……方面)进步，有进展
in advance (＝ahead of time/schedule) 提前；预先，事先
in advance of 在……前面；比……先进；超过
advance one's knowledge of 增长某人有关……的知识
be advanced by 由……促进
The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.
会谈的主题已提前一周宣布。
I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。
Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.这类书可能会增长你有关欧洲历史的知识。
We should learn their advanced experience in management from them.我们应该向他们学习先进的管理经验。
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.
建立一个高级的、庞大的词汇量并不是那么难。
[语境助记]　
The disease was too far advanced to be treated.
病情已经发展到晚期，没法治疗了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They use the Internet as a tool ________ (advance) their research.
②He was suffering from cancer which had already reached an ________ (advance) stage.
③Galileo's ideas were well ________ advance of the age in which he lived.
④While humans make ________ (advance) in some areas, they are always threatening the existence of natural resources.
to advance　
advanced
in
advances　
完成句子
⑤You have to fix visits up ________________ (提前) with the museum.
⑥In the parade, the band will march ________________ (在……前面) the football team.
⑦The Chinese scientists ____________________ (取得进步) in the last few years on several major fronts.
in advance
in advance of
have made advances
5．collapse vi.& n．突然倒下；倒塌；晕倒；突然失败；瓦解；崩溃；暴跌
(教材原句)In November 2016, Huang collapsed and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer.
2016年11月，黄晕倒并被送往医院，在那里他被确诊癌症。
collapse from 由于……而倒塌；由于……而垮掉
collapse under 被……压塌
collapse on the sofa 倒在沙发上
complete economic collapse 彻底的经济崩溃
in danger of collapse 有倒塌的危险
collapse under the weight of 在……重压下突然坍塌
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
他昏倒在大街上，两个小时后去世了。
He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing.
他跳舞时因心脏病突发晕倒了。
The walls were strengthened to protect them from collapse.
围墙已加固以防倒塌。
A few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bed.
他病倒后过了几天就在床上起身坐着了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The patient ultimately collapsed ________ heart failure.
②It seems that the walls will collapse ________ the load of these roofs.
写出句中collapse的词性及含义
③His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.__________
④The governor called for an inquiry into the apartment's collapse.
____________
⑤She was so tired when she got home that she collapsed on the bed.
__________________
from
under　
动词，瓦解
名词，倒塌
动词，突然倒下
6．forwards adv.向前
(教材原句)Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards.
作为一个真正的科学家，黄从不放弃，总是努力向前。
backwards and forwards 来回地
bring forward 把……提前；提出
look forward (to) 期待，盼望
push forward... 推进……；抓紧进行
push sb./oneself forward 使引人注目；使出风头；突显
put forward 提出(建议等)；把(表)拨快
Space scientists and astronomers have taken another step forwards.航天科学家和天文学家又取得了进展。
Travelling backwards and forwards every day costs him too much money.每天来回奔波花了他太多的钱。
She leaned forwards/forward and kissed her son on the cheek.
她倾身向前，吻了她儿子的面颊。
It was decided to bring the meeting forward two weeks.
已决定把会议提前两周。
Looking forward, we hope to expand our operations in several of our overseas branches.
展望未来，我们希望拓展我们其中几家海外分公司的业务。
He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。
[说明]　
forwards只作副词，而forward可用作形容词、副词或动词，后者更为常用。
[即学即练]　选词填空：look/put/push
①China would use its influence to help ________ forward the peace process.
②Come and bring your wife or another guest. We ________ forward to seeing you.
③He has ________ forward a proposal concerning child health.
push
look
put
完成句子
④My grandfather rocked ________________________ (来回地) on his chair.
⑤He had to ________________ (把……提前) an 11 o'clock meeting so that he could get to the funeral on time.
⑥We ________________ (期待) seeing Mrs Brown in Luoyang this evening.
backwards and forwards
bring forward　
look forward to
7．reference n．推荐信；说到(或写到)的事，谈到，提及；参考，参照；征求，征询　,refer v．提到；涉及；查阅；交给
(教材原句)．..he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students.……他继续他的工作，为他的同事写推荐信，回答学生的问题。
a reference letter　　　　推荐信
a reference book 参考书
for future reference 供日后参考
in/with reference to 关于
without reference to 不考虑……；置……于不顾
take up references 收推荐信
make no reference to 没提及……
refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考
refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/某事物交给某人
refer to...as... 称……是……；认为……是……
I would appreciate it if you could write a reference letter for me.
如果您能为我写一封推荐信，我将不胜感激。
The library contains a large number of foreign language reference books.图书馆有大量的外文参考书。
This test is to be taken by all pupils without reference to age or grade.这次测验的对象是全体小学生，无关年龄和年级。
When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.当我说有些人很蠢的时候，我指的不是你。
Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
She referred to the novel as a good history book.
她把这本小说称作一本好的史册。
He referred me to a receptionist.
他指引我到接待员那里。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ (refer).
②In fact, tradition also refers ________ the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
③He admitted ________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
④The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
⑤The members referred the question ________ the committee, as they were unable to reach a decision.
reference　
to
referring
as
to
完成句子
⑥You should ________ this matter _______ (把……提交给) the head office for a decision.
⑦The children used to ______________________ (把那位老师称为) Grandpa.
refer
to
refer to that old teacher as
8．faith n．相信；信任；宗教信仰；真诚　faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的　faithfully adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
(教材原句)He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.
他对前程似锦的这一代人才充满信心。
(1)have faith in 对……抱有信心
lose faith in 不再信任；对……失去信心
break faith 背信弃义；失信
in good faith 诚心诚意地
put faith in 相信；信任
destroy one's faith 毁掉某人的信仰
(2)be faithful to 忠实于；忠心于
There are a lot of difficulties in front of us, yet we still have faith in victory.
虽然我们面临许多困难，但是我们仍对胜利充满信心。
He still has great talent, but he has lost faith in himself.
他仍然很有才气，却对自己失去了信心。
Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends.
不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。
Never lose your faith in the experiment.
你永远不要对实验失去信心。
His translation manages to be faithful to the spirit of the original.
他的译文做到了忠于原文。
[易错警示]　
faith在表示“信任……”时，后须接介词in。faith后可接由that引导的同位语从句。
I have great faith that this will happen.
我很有信心，这会发生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are all ________ (faith) listeners to the programme.
②She promised ________ (faithful) not to tell anyone my secret.
③She had been faithful ________ her promise to guard this secret.
④He sold us the car ________ good faith, not knowing that it didn't run properly.
选词填空： lose/put
⑤He has ________ faith in his ability since he failed the exam.
⑥When you ________ faith in yourself, you will always be full of power.
faithful　
faithfully
to　
in
lost
put
9．found vt.创立；创建；建立　founder n．创办者，发起人　foundation n．创建；基础；地基
(教材原句)The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career, when he was fired from the company he had co-founded.
已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败，当时他被自己共同创立的公司解雇。
Mr Smith founded a library and a hospital in the town.
史密斯先生在这座镇上建了一个图书馆和一家医院。
I found my hopes of success on my own hard work.
我把成功的希望建立在我辛勤的工作之上。
Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
Careful planning laid the foundations for the nation's economic miracle.精心的规划为国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。
[易混警示]　
(1)·found “建立，创立(机构、组织等)”，同set up，但更强调打基础；
·build “建造，建立”，常指建造大型建筑物，可接具体或抽象的名词；
·put up “建造，搭建”，指搭建高于地平面的小型建筑物。
(2)found (建立)—founded—founded
find (发现)—found—found
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Although she ________ (found) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
②It's widely accepted that friendship is founded ________ mutual trust.
③According to the old tradition, Romulus was the ________ (found) of Rome.
④Europe's 100 most valuable firms ______________ (found) more than 40 years ago.
⑤Respect and friendship provide a solid ________ (found) for marriage.
founded　
on　
founder
were founded　
foundation
10．promotion n．提升，晋升；促进，增进；推广，促销　promote vt.晋升；促进)
(教材原句)After 15 years at the magazine, she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.
在杂志社干了15年后，她没有晋升为主编。
try for promotion 争取晋升
win promotion 赢得晋级
recommend sb. for promotion 推荐提升某人
get a promotion 得到/晋升/提升
a promotion to 提升为……(职位)
sales promotion 促销
a chance for promotion 晋级/晋升的机会
business/marketing/trade/website promotion
业务/市场/贸易/网站推广
be promoted to... 被提升为……
I have every confidence that he'll get a promotion soon.
我很有信心，他很快就会得到晋升。
Personal contact is beneficial to the promotion of understanding.
面谈有利于增进了解。
This year's sales promotions haven't been very successful.
今年的促销活动不是很成功。
He was promoted from assistant sales manager to sales manager.他从助理销售经理晋升为销售经理。
[拓展]　
promote sb. (from...) to...
把某人(从……)提拔到……
get promoted升职
promote peace促进和平
promote sb. to sth.
把某人提升到某个职位上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
②As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
③The news of her ________ (promote) went over well with her colleagues.
④After several years' hard work, I ________________ (promote) to editor and then editorial director.
to
promoted　
promotion　
was promoted
11．label n．标签，标记　vt.贴标签于；把……称为
(教材原句)However, this setback prompted her to set up her own bridal fashion label.
然而，这一挫折促使她创立了自己的婚纱时尚品牌。
(1)a designer label 名牌
on the label 在标签上
attach/paste a label 粘贴标签
remove/take off a label 除去标签
with a label 带有标签
a logo label 商标
(2)label...with sth. 在……上用某物标注；把……贴在……上
label...(as)... (尤指不公正地)把……称为……
I read the information on the label before deciding which jam to buy.我先看果酱标签上的说明再决定买哪种。
She put a label on the bottle.她在瓶子上贴标签。
You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.
邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。
Make sure your luggage is properly labelled.
确保你行李上的标签贴好。
We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明成分和日期。
He was labelled as a conservative.他被称为保守派。
[语境助记]　
Women are tired of being labelled as unskilled workers.
妇女厌倦被列为非熟练工人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She labelled the case ________ her name and address.
②The man ___________________ (label) as a traitor by his former colleagues.
③Never smoke on deck except in areas labelled ________ smoking areas.
完成句子
④According to the symbol ________________ (在标签上), this sweater should be washed by hand.
with
was labelled/labeled
as　
on the label
12．entrance n．进入许可；入口；进入；登场
(教材原句)Twice failing the college entrance examination at home, Lee turned to study drama in the US...
在国内两次高考失利后，李安转而去美国学习戏剧……
gain entrance to 进入
have free entrance to 免费进入
make one's/an entrance 出场；登台
an entrance examination 入学考试
at the entrance (to...) 在(……)入口处
the entrance to 通向……的入口(to表示方向)
the entrance of... ……的入口处(of表示所属关系)
the college entrance examination高考/大学入学考试
entrance fees 入场费
The police were unable to gain entrance to the house.
警方无法进入这栋房子。
Guests have free entrance to the swimming pool and the health club.客人们可以免费使用游泳池和健身俱乐部。
When he made his entrance on stage, there was uproar.
当他登上舞台时，全场一片哗然。
[学法点拨]　名词后用of表示所属关系是最常见的用法。但在某些名词出现时，常用to来表示所属关系。如：
the entrance to...　……的入口
the exit to... ……的出口
the answer to... ……的答案
the bridge to... 通向……的桥
the key to... ……的钥匙；……的关键
the secret to... ……的秘诀
the way to... 通向……的路
the solution to... ……的解决方案
[拓展]　
enter v．进入；输入；报名参加
enter for报名参加(比赛)
Fifty competitors have entered for the spring long distance race.
已经有50名选手报名参加春季长跑比赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The students ________ (enter) the exhibition hall group by group.
②Last Sunday ten students from our class entered ________ the swim across the Yangtze River.
③The statue of the Little Mermaid stands at the entrance ________ the harbour.
④Many students have insufficient science and mathematics background to gain ________ (enter) to engineering school.
⑤I won't tell the student the answer ________ the maths problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
entered
for
to
entrance
to
完成句子
⑥At twenty to six I was waiting by ________________ (通向……的入口) the station.
⑦________________ (……的解决方案) this problem is acceptable.
the entrance to　
The solution to
13．income n．收入；收益
(教材原句)During six years with no income, he had to depend on his wife.
在没有收入的六年中，他不得不依靠他的妻子。
a high/large income 高收入
a low/small income 低收入
the average income 平均收入
have an income of 有……的收入
a source of income 收入来源
Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own house.
许多低收入家庭将买不起自己的房子。
To cover its costs, the company will need an annual income of ￡5 million.
公司年收入需要达到500万英镑才能收支平衡。
[比较]　income/pay/salary/wage
(1)income指收入、收益、所得
(2)pay指工资、薪水
(3)salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
(4)wage通常指按小时或按周领取的工资、工钱
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The journalist over there ________________ (收入很高).
②We ________________ (有……的收入) over $100，000 a year.
选词填空：income/pay/salary/wage
③Teachers will be awarded a 6% ________ increase this year.
④The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting ________ tax.
⑤In our family both my husband and I are ________ earners.
has a high/large income
have an income of　
pay/salary
income　
wage
第二版块|重要短语
1．take on 呈现；雇用；承担
(教材原句)Lang Ping became a star in China because of her success, her positive attitude and her ability to take on challenges.
郎平因为她的成功、积极向上的态度和接受挑战的魄力，成了中国的明星。
take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)
take apart 拆开；拆卸
take a turn for the better/worse 突然好转/恶化
take it easy 别急；沉住气；从容点
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
The chameleon can take on the colours of its background.
变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。
Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle.
不要承担超出你能力范围的责任。
Your daughter doesn't take after you at all.
你女儿长得一点儿都不像你。
Take the watch apart and see if you can find out what's wrong with it.
把这块表拆开，看看你能否找到故障在哪儿。
The doctor told me to take it easy.医生叫我放轻松。
It's an important decision for you, so take your time to think it over.
对你来说，这是一项重要的决定，因此慢慢考虑一下吧。
[语境助记]　
He's spoken to a publishing firm. The manager is going to take him on．
他和一家出版公司谈过了。经理打算雇用他。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's nice to sit down and take ________ easy after a hard day's work.
②With her light hair and blue eyes Mary seems to take ________ her mother, but in character she is more like her father.
③He took the machine ________ to show every detail of its operation.
it
after　
apart
写出句中take on的含义
④Every classroom in our school is bright and clean and takes on a new look.____________
⑤He took on the responsibility for protecting her.____________
⑥Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.________
呈现
承担
雇用
2．make it取得成功；及时到达
(教材原句)They figure they've made it, and then they sit back in their comfort zone.
他们认为自己成功了，然后就在自己的舒适区什么都不做。
make it to 到达；及时赶到
make up for 补偿；弥补
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make the best of 尽力而为/充分利用
make up one's mind 下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
The earliest possible date I can make it is the third.
我最早也要到三号才能赶到。
This will make up for what he lacked in book knowledge.这将会弥补他所缺的书本知识。
He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.他隐约看到有个黑影朝他走来。
We should make full use of our opportunities to speak English.我们应该充分利用我们的机会讲英语。
[语境助记]　
I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.
我认为我们不会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She's absolutely certain she's going to make ________ in the world.
②Hard work can often make up ________ a lack of ability.
③She thought she heard a name. She couldn't make it ________， though.
it　
for
out　
完成句子
④We did ______________ (成功到达) Hefei finally that night after a long journey.
⑤I don't think he'll __________ (成功), but he is still persisting.
make it to
make it
3．in common 共同的；共有的
(教材原句)All these individuals share something in common: At tough moments in their lives，they showed grit.
所有这些人都有一个共同点：在他们生活中的艰难时刻，他们表现出了毅力。
have everything in common (with) (与……)一切都相同
have something in common (with) (与……)有一些共同之处
have nothing in common (with) (与……)没有共同之处
have much/a lot in common (with) (与……)有许多共同之处
have little in common (with) (与……)几乎没有共同之处
in common with 与……一样
Ideologically, there was nothing in common between them.他们在思想观念上格格不入。
We happened to discover we had a friend in common.
我们碰巧发现我们有个共同的朋友。
Though the two versions have much/a lot in common, there are some important differences.
尽管这两个版本有许多共同之处，但还是有一些重要的差异。
They have little in common. They are on good terms with each other, however.他们几乎没有共同点。不过，他们彼此关系很好。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In common ________ many others, she applied for a training place.
②We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have ________ common.
with　
in
完成句子
③Though they are twin sisters, they ___________________________ (几乎没有共同之处).
④___________________(与……一样 ) other students, I arrive at school on time every day.
⑤The only thing we _________________ (共同的) is that we've both been to France.
have little in common
In common with
have in common
第三版块|典型句式
1．现在分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)Under her leadership, the team came back to the top, winning the 2015 World Cup.
在她的领导下，中国女排国家队重返巅峰，赢得了2015年女排世界杯冠军。
Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the sunlight.
妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在了外面。
Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，它将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
[说明]　(1)时间状语(相当于时间状语从句)
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.听到老师的声音，学生们立刻停止了讲话。
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。
(2)原因状语(相当于原因状语从句)
Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。
(3)条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)
Turning right, you will find the circus you want.
向右转，你会找到你想看的马戏团。
(4)让步状语(相当于让步状语从句)
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
(5)伴随状语
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。
(6)结果状语
The mother died, leaving her children a lot of money.
那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。
[误区警示]　(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示自然的、顺理成章的结果，而不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only搭配使用。
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.
1 500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。
I hurried to his house, only to find him not in.
我匆匆赶到他家，却发现他不在家。
(2)现在分词否定式：not＋现在分词。
Not recovering from the operation, I couldn't keep pace with you.由于尚未从手术中康复，我跟不上你的步伐。
[说明]　
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。有时为了强调，分词前会加when、while、if、unless、once、though、 even if、as if等连词(短语)一起作状语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ (allow) for a new generation of virtual reality.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.
allowing
reflecting　
exceeding　
④The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
⑤The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
⑥Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ (turn) the old town into dreamland.
⑦Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.
ranging
allowing　
turning
using
同义句转换
⑧We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, and think that all children like these things.
→We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs， _____________________________________．
⑨While I was waiting for the bus, I had a long talk with the agent about her work.→______________________________________， I had a long talk with the agent about her work.
thinking that all children like these things
While waiting/Waiting for the bus
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years.
到2008年黄回到中国时，他已经在英国生活和工作了15年。
[句式分析]　by the time表示“到……时为止，到……的时候”，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
By the time he leaves university, he will have got work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
只要他做兼职工作，到他大学毕业的时候，他就会有工作经验了。

[说明]　
(1)by the time＋一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时，表示截至从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成。
(2)by the time＋一般现在时(表示将来)，主句通常用将来完成时，表示截至将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。
(3)如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句不用完成时，而应根据需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The phone was ringing, but by the time she got indoors, it ________ (stop).
②He ____________________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
③By the end of next month, he ___________ (be) away from his hometown for a whole year.
had stopped
will have learned/learnt　
will have been
完成句子
④_____________________(等到他退休时)，he will have worked in this organisation for 35 years.
⑤By the time I got to the station, the train _____________________(已经走了).
By the time he retires　
had already gone
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return home, driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country.
他在那里有一份不错的工作，而且过着优裕的生活，但他放弃了所有这一切回到了祖国，(因为)他的想法是要为祖国作贡献。
Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.从塔顶望去，山的南麓是一片林海。
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
孩子们被这个故事深深地感动了，开始哭了起来。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、伴随、让步、原因等。
Left alone at home, Jane didn't feel afraid at all.
被单独留在家里，简一点儿也不感到害怕。(表时间)
Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，这场火灾本来是可以避免的。(表条件)
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得流下了眼泪。(表伴随)
Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)
Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词(短语)，如when、until、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。
When asked about her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
当问到她未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用，你很快就会被通知。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When ________ (ask) to choose his “buddies”， Simon picked out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________ (surround) by his family.
③Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when ________ (call) upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
asked　
surrounded
called　
④Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
⑤________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
⑥________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
used　
Ordered
Absorbed　
完成句子
⑦______________________(因为淋了一场大雨)，the girl was all wet.
⑧______________________(尽管被警告有危险), he still went skating on the thin ice.
⑨________________________(被他的学生簇拥着), the professor sat there cheerfully.
Caught in a heavy rain　
Though warned of the danger　
Surrounded by his students
4．同位语从句
I couldn't bear the thought that these forests would be lost forever.一想到这些森林将永远消失，我就受不了。
[说明]　(1)同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，对名词作进一步解释，说明其具体内容。
(2)可接同位语从句的名词有fact、news、idea、doubt、thought、conclusion、question、feeling、promise、truth、report、possibility、problem、order、rumour等。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
我们明天放假的消息不实。
(3)连接词
①连接代词：what、which、who
②连接副词：when、where、why、how等
③连词：that、whether
Do you have any idea what time it starts
你知道它什么时候开始吗？
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他什么时候会回来。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.对还是错的问题取决于结果。
[误区警示]　
(1)在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、resolution等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的提议是主席提出的。
(2)有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。
The news got about that our school football team had won.
消息传开说我们校足球队赢了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There's a possibility ________ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation.
②I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me
③The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
④I've come to the conclusion ________ it was unwise to do that.
that　
why　
that
that　
单句写作
⑤消息传开说他中彩票得了一辆汽车。(the news got about that)
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.　
⑥他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市了。(the thought came to him that)
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5．情态动词＋have done
(教材原句)Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way.
失败让我了解了自己，这是我无法通过其他方式了解到的。
He wished he could have helped her more than he did.
他希望自己当时能更多地帮帮她。
The accident could have been much worse；luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成伤害。
He could have avoided the car crash, but he was too careless.本来他能够避免车祸，但是他太粗心了。
—Why are your eyes so red You couldn't have slept well last night.你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚不可能睡得很好。
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. 是的，我熬夜写报告了。
He might have arrived at his destination if he had followed his friends' advice.如果他听了朋友们的劝告，他可能已经到达目的地了。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
You should have set down his telephone number yesterday, but you didn't.你昨天就应该记下他的电话号码，但是你没有。
You ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
会议可有意思了，你真该参加。
I needn't have got up so early. It is Sunday.
我本不必起那么早的。今天是星期天。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I could ________ (make) six salads with what I threw out.
②You could ________ (find) the deer if you had followed its track.
③You shouldn't ________ (go) without telling us; we were really concerned about you.
④Harry is feeling uncomfortable; he must ________ (drink) too much at the party last night.
⑤I needn't __________ (worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
have made
have found　
have gone
have drunk
have worried　
完成句子
⑥George ________________________ (不可能走得太远).His coffee is still warm.
⑦Look at the time! We ____________________________ (本应该在剧院) ten minutes ago.
⑧She ____________________________ (可能会取得更大的成功), if you had given her more chances.
⑨Look, Tom is crying. I ____________________ (本不应该) so strict with him.
can't have gone too far　
should have been at the theatre　
might have achieved greater success　
shouldn't have been
6．表语从句
(教材原句)This is where the importance of failure comes in: If we can learn how to manage failure，we'll learn how to succeed.
这就是失败的重要性所在：如果我们能学会如何应对失败，我们就能学会如何成功。
The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.你们关系的核心是你们一直随时帮助彼此。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样才能获得我们需要的东西。
[说明]　常见的表语从句的连接词：
(1)连词(词组)：that、whether/if、as if/though、because。在句中不充当任何句子成分；
The trouble is that we are short of funds.
困难是我们缺乏资金。
(2)连接代词：who、whom、whose、which、what等。在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；
The reference book is not what I need.
这本参考书不是我所需要的。
(3)连接副词：when、where、how、why等。在句中作状语。
The problem is why she didn't go back home directly.
问题是她为什么不直接回家。
[误区警示]　
(1)表语从句前只能是连系动词，如be、seem、appear、look等。
(2)that在表语从句中只起连接作用，但通常不可以省略。
(3)as if/though引导的表语从句是否用虚拟语气，关键看是否有可能真实发生。
It looks as if/though it might rain.(可能性不大)
It looks as if/though it's going to rain.(陈述语气，可能性很大，很有可能成为事实)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The truth is ________ he has never been to the countryside.
②It appears to her ________ he wants to teach us all he has.
③The problem is ________ we can get to replace her.
④That is ________ you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne.
⑤The question is ________ we can reach the goal at the end of this month.
that
that
who
why　
whether
完成句子
⑥The reason why he was late is ______________________________ (他的自行车坏了).
⑦At that time, it seemed __________________________________ (好像我想不出合适的词来).
⑧He did not see the film last night. ________________ (那是因为)he had to help his little sister with her homework.
that his bike broke down　
as if I couldn't think of the right word
That was because
7．强调句
(教材原句) …it was this experience that helped her to succeed...
……正是这段经历帮助她成功了……
[句式分析]　
(1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
(2)句式变化：
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋其他部分？
We met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园遇到了一位伟大的科学家。
→It was we that/who met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
(强调主语)
→It was a great scientist that/who we met in the park yesterday.
(强调宾语)
→It was in the park that we met a great scientist yesterday.
(强调地点状语)
→It was yesterday that we met a great scientist in the park.
(强调时间状语)
[易错警示]　
(1)构成强调句型的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(3)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(4)强调句型的判断方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
②You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
③It is you ________________ to do the special project.
④________________ in this palace ________ the last emperor died
⑤It was ________________ (not, till) you telephoned me ________ I knew what had happened.
⑥It ________ Jack ________ loves football most.
that
that
who are
Was it
that
not until
that
is
who
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He met with so many ________ (拒绝) that he could barely move on.
2．They made their fortune in the ________ (时尚) business.
3．This is a perfect platform where ________ (设计师) show off their works.
4．They complained ________ (痛苦地) about the new rules.
5．He pushes himself to the limits every day in order to have a chance of ________ (晋升).
rejections
fashion
designers
bitterly
promotion
6．The book written by the educationalist is now ________ (公认) as a classic.
7．Your feedback will ________ (促成) a lot to our improvement.
8．She ________ (退职) from politics after her second term in office.
9．His ________ (奉献) to his academic research left him little time with his family.
10．The course, which has attracted millions of students online, is suitable for beginners and ________ (高级的) ones.
recognised　
contribute　
retired
devotion
advanced　
11．He is a big fan of those fashion ________ (标签，品牌).
12．Students with references have a better chance to gain the ________ (进入许可)to the company.
13．In reality, many families with low ________ (收入) can't afford to buy their own house.
14．After the intense chase, he ________ (突然倒下) in the street.
15．I wrote down the name of the publisher for future ________ (参考).
16．We should have ________ (信任) in our leadership.
17．He'll never get anywhere—he lacks ________ (自制力).
18．The designer ________ (创立) his own studio two years ago.
labels
entrance
incomes　
collapsed　
reference
faith
discipline　
founded
Ⅱ.短语填空
further one's study, share something in common, pay off, get distracted, participate in, take on challenges, contribute to, come up with
1．Ultimately, their efforts ____________ and all of them got on.
2．We tend to make friends in the dormitory with those who we _____________________ with.
3．He went to Sweden to ____________ and came back with outstanding achievements.
paid off
share something in common　
further his study　
4．The professor is expected to ____________ the opening ceremony.
5．I ____________ by the countless advertisements when surfing the Internet for some information.
6．The designer ______________ a new wheelchair to help the disabled sit more comfortably.
7．I know I may face rejections, but I am willing to ______________．
8．Whether you are a millionaire or someone living in poverty, you can ____________ the future of the world.
participate in
got distracted　
has come up with　
take on challenges　
contribute to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural ________ (refer), making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
references　
解析：用名词作宾语。句意：比斯尔先生巧妙地组织了历史见解和文化借鉴，使他的故事从西方人的角度全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
2．Participate ________ discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
in　
解析： participate in参与。句意：参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话。
3．“I'm trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions，” said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after ________ (retire).
retirement　
解析：介词后面接名词作宾语，故用retire的名词形式retirement。句意：“我想让越来越多的人明白，有解决办法，”伯德尼女士说，她曾是一名训练有素的护士，退休后仍在工作，做一名私人教练。
4．Very small drones with ________ (advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.
advanced　
解析：应该用形容词修饰名词sensors，故填advanced“先进的，高级的”。句意：配备先进传感器和人工智能并可以在列车前面飞行的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样引导列车。
5．Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species, ________ (bring) protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
bringing　
解析：分析语境可知，句子成分完整，不缺少谓语动词，故此处需要填非谓语动词形式。giant pandas与bring之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：大熊猫也是伞护种，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物提供了保护。
6．The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ________．
off　
解析： pay off成功，奏效。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在奏效。
7．In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual ________ (recognise) alone.
recognition
解析：由空格前的形容词visual可知此处填名词形式。recognise的名词为recognition。句意：在实验中，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉在大多数情况下，仅通过视觉识别就能够选择工作所需的正确工具。
8．Of the nineteen ________ (recognize) polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
recognized　
解析：形容词recognized修饰名词subpopulations。句意：在19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个种群数量在减少，6个种群数量稳定，1个种群数量在增加，9个种群数量数据不足。
9．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute ________ some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
to　
解析： contribute to有助于，促成，为固定搭配。句意：研究表明，情绪技能可能对于这些品质中的一些有所助益，但它们中的大多数都远远超出了基于技能的情商。
10．When she retired ________ dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
from
解析：　retire from从……退休，为固定搭配。句意：当她退休不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活时，她决定是时候冒险了。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The driver admitted that the accident _______________________(是可以避免的) if he had driven his car more slowly.
2．The citizens' concern is that ________________________________ (新机场会给他们带来噪声污染).
3．All communication systems, language included,
_________________________ (都有一些共同的特征).
4．________________________________________(专心写他的新小说), Dad has little time for recreation.
could have been avoided　
the new airport will bring them noise pollution　
have certain features in common
Applying himself to writing his new novel　
5．________________________________________(配备了先进的设备), the company will raise its production sharply soon.
6．Nobody doubt the fact ________________________________ (只有毅力才能促成成功).
7．________________________(到他大学毕业时), he had set up two enterprises of his own.
8．Without doubt, a positive attitude
____________________________________ (有助于我们的身心健康).
Equipped with advanced facilities　
that only perseverance can contribute to success　
By the time he left college　
contributes to our physical and mental health
(分值：61.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．Our children's different needs and learning ________ (方式) created many problems.
2．Only a few people narrowly escaped death when the building ________ (倒塌).
styles
collapsed
3．Many families on low ________ (收入) will be unable to afford to buy their own home.
4．I practiced teaching myself to go ________， backwards and to turn.
5．Under Qian's outstanding ________， China's rocket science developed greatly.
incomes
forwards
leadership
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)
1．His ________ (devote) to teaching gained the respect of his students.
2．The teacher criticized the naughty boy ________ (bitter) for his carelessness and rudeness.
3．As he approached the entrance ________ the hall, he observed two strangers chatting there.
4．Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid ________ (promote), and ended up as a manager.
devotion
bitterly
to
promotion
5．________ (advance) technology not only can bring people benefits but also can cause harm to people sometimes.
6．Can you suggest a good ________ (refer) book I will have a test on English next month.
7．Each card ____________________ (label) with the file name that shows the text of the log itself.
8．It ______________ (recognise) that environmental pollution has become more and more serious.
Advanced
reference
is labelled/labeled　
is recognised
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
take on, have faith in, take up, contribute to, retire from
1．Positive thinking also ____________ one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.
2．Due to his poor health, he decided to ____________ office.
3．Laura ____________ the extra work: to deliver a speech in front of the whole school.
4．He is looking forward to ____________ a position with the NEH.
5．The public never ____________ his ability to handle the job before.
contributes to　
retire from
takes on
taking up　
had faith in
Ⅳ.完成句子(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．在中午植完树后，我们将返回学校。
____________________________， we will return to school.
2．沐浴在温和的月光下，她们开心地聊着天。
__________________________， they chatted happily.
(读后续写—场景描写)
After finishing planting trees at noon　
Bathed in the gentle moonlight　
3．如果你是一个效率高的学习者，你很有可能会成功考上一所重点大学。(一句多译)
①If you are an efficient learner, __________________________ to make it to a key university. (likely)
②If you are an efficient learner, __________________________ to make it to a key university. (likely)
it is likely for you
you are likely
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to the move，” said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if you could make your morning jog a creative one like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls, just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible and getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the courses and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life and my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
【语篇解读】　
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑酷这项运动及其背后蕴含的人生哲学。
1．Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of ________．(　　)
A．its founder David Belle
B．the film Casino Royale
C．its risks and tricks
D．the variety of participants
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.可知，在电影《皇家赌场》里，邦德从屋顶跳到窗台上，然后越过障碍物，跑过几个街区。其精彩表演使得跑酷这项运动风靡全球。故选B。
2．The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________．(　　)
A．streets B．objects
C．barriers D．roofs
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。run...over意为“从……上面越过”。结合语境。C选项“障碍”最符合语境。故选C。
3．Which of the following is true about parkour？(　　)
A．It challenges human abilities.
B．It is a good but boring sport.
C．It needs special training.
D．It is a team sport.
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible and getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body可知，跑酷是一种极限运动，其目的是尽可能快地从一个点移动到另一个点，只利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。由此推之，跑酷运动挑战了人们的能力。故选A。
4．Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour？(　　)
A．Sports and extremes.
B．Excitement and popularity.
C．Dreams and success.
D．Determination and freedom.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Overcoming all the obstacles on the courses and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life to reach the destination successfully.可知，跑酷所体现的哲学一部分是克服所有的障碍。你必须确定你的目的地，直行，跳过所有的障碍。为了成功到达目的地，你决不后退。概括起来就是你要有勇往直前的“决心”。根据最后一段中的Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom.可知，我们从跑酷运动中学到的另一种哲学是自由。综上，决心和自由是跑酷的哲学。故选D。
5．What can be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Overcoming Obstacles
B．Philosophies Behind Parkour
C．Joining Us in Parkour
D．Getting to Know Parkour
答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。文章介绍了跑酷这项运动及其体现的人生哲学。由此可知D项(逐渐了解跑酷)最能概括文意。故选D。
B
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and coauthor of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一位作家对自己喜欢的几本书的评价。侧重培养学生的文化素养。
6．Who does “I” refer to in the text？(　　)
A．Stephen King. B．Gillian Flynn.
C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl.
答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。文章中“I”指的是谁？根据第一段可知本文是作者Jo Usmar的书评，根据Matidla中的“I once wrote...and it gave me...”可知，此处I指的是Jo Usmar，故选C项，其他几项都是文章中提到的几本书的作者。
7．Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri？(　　)
A．Cosmopolitan. B．Matilda.
C．After Dark. D．The Stand.
答案与解析：C　细节理解题。在文章有关After Dark的书评中，作者介绍了Eri和Mari，因此C正确。A项是作者介绍Jo Usmar时提及的她的一本书。B和D是书评介绍中的两本书。
8．What kind of book is Gone Girl？(　　)
A．A folk tale. B．A biography.
C．A love story. D．A horror story.
答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章Gone Girl部分的介绍，尤其是“but the horror story is brilliant”可知，这本书是关于恐怖故事的，故D项正确。A.民间传说，B.传记，C.爱情故事。
Ⅵ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. 1(____) At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 2(____) They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends (传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
3(____) They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. 4(____) The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion (入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 5(____)
【语篇解读】　
本文是一篇说明文。文章的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队的发展、在美国的巡演以及对美国音乐的影响。文章侧重于培养学生的文化素养。
A．They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B．Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C．Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D．However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E．Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F．They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
G．They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
1．答案与解析：C　本段介绍了摇滚音乐并引出了甲壳虫乐队，C项(摇滚音乐是在20世纪50年代和60年代早期发展起来的。)符合本段的主旨。
2．答案与解析：B　本段的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队在英国的流行程度，B项(甚至他们的发型在当时都成为主要的趋势。)符合本段的主旨。
3．答案与解析：A　本段的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队去美国巡演的情况。A项(1964年，他们决定去美国巡演。)符合本段的主旨，同时引出了下面美国巡演的内容。
4．答案与解析：G　G项(他们在哥伦比亚广播公司电视台的第53街演播室举行了在美国的首场音乐会。)中的concert照应了第三段的主题，符合本段的内容。
5．答案与解析：E　本空前面的内容介绍了甲壳虫乐队对美国音乐的深远影响。而E项(很多摇滚乐队能够跟着甲壳虫乐队的步伐。)也是对甲壳虫乐队影响的描述，符合本段的内容。

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