资源简介

(共86张PPT)
Part Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________ v．持续；延伸→extension n．持续；延伸
2．________ adj.能；能干的；有能力的→ably adv.能干地→________ n．能力；才能；本领→disabled adj.残疾的→________ n．残疾，残障
3．________ n．感受；意识；理解力；见识；理智；意义 v．感觉到→senseless adj.失去知觉的；无意义的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可察觉到的→________ adj.敏感的，容易生气的
extend
able
ability
disability
sense
sensitive
4．________ adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨；大方
5．________ v．犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑
6．________ v．帮助；援助→________ n．帮助，援助→assistant n．助手；助理 adj.助理的；副的
7．________ v．登记；注册→________ n．登记，注册
8．________ v．证明；证实→__________ n．证实，证明
generous
hesitate
assist
assistance
register
registration
confirm
confirmation
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①take up 开始从事
②live with 忍受，容忍
③make wise decisions 做出明智的决定
④be confident about 对……有信心
⑤come up with 想出
⑥a sense of humor 幽默感
⑦cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
⑧come across 偶然遇见
⑨not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
⑩play an important role in 在……中起重要作用
help out 帮忙；解决困难
be involved in 参与……，卷入……
1)sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的；体贴的，善解人意的)
(教材原句)He's sensitive and rather serious, which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.
他敏感而且相当严肃，这有时使他显得有点儿书生气。
(应用文之人物介绍)My friend Li Hua is very sensitive to other people's feelings.我的朋友李华很能体谅他人的感情。
One way of showing fellow feeling is teasing people gently. People liked to be joshed, but not about anything sensitive.
有一种与人打成一片的方式就是礼貌地和别人开玩笑。人们喜欢开玩笑，只要不是敏感的话题。
[考点归纳]
be sensitive to
对……敏感的/体恤的
be sensitive about
对……很在意的/容易生气的
[即学即练]　写出下列黑体词的含义/单句语法填空
①—I can't understand why he should have been so annoyed. I meant no offence (冒犯).
—It's typical of him to be sensitive.________________
②She just lost the game yesterday. Make sure that you are sensitive to her feelings.____________
③The elderly need special care in winter, as they are very sensitive to the sudden changes in the weather.____________________
④Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more sensitive ________ emotional and relationship problems.
敏感的，易生气的
体贴的
(对光、食物等)敏感的
to
2)generous adj.慷慨的，大方的)
(教材原句)She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，帮助别人从不犹豫。
(应用文之人物介绍)Although he is not rich, he is generous to his friends in trouble.
他虽然不富有，但却对困难的朋友很慷慨。
Jim is very generous with his time.
吉姆很不吝惜他的时间。
[考点归纳]
(1)be generous with sth. 不吝惜某物
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨大方
be generous in doing sth. 在做某事方面慷慨
(2)generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old man is always generous ________ the disabled children, contributing _________ (generous) to the Hope Project.
②He was generous ________ his time, for which I was grateful.
③The young man is always so helpful that he treats others with ________ (generous).
④你真慷慨，在我们有困难的时候伸出了援助之手。
(应用文之感谢信)_______________________ us a hand when we are in trouble.
to
generously
with
generosity
It's generous of you to lend
3)hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫)
(教材原句)She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，帮助别人从不犹豫。
(应用文之告知信)Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any question.
如有任何疑问，请尽管和我联系。
The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without hesitation and told them to phone anytime.
穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上(需要帮助)的人，并告诉他们可以随时打电话。
[考点归纳]
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 迟疑，犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事
(3)hesitant adj. 犹豫的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The rich man is so generous that he often doesn't hesitate _______ (help) others.
②Her ______ (hesitate) expression suggested that she was in a dilemma.
③(读后续写之动作描写)听到这个消息，他毫不犹豫地冲进房间。
Hearing the news, he ______________________________．(hesitation)
＝Hearing the news, _____________________________．(hesitate)
to help
hesitant
rushed into the room without hesitation
he didn't hesitate to rush into the room
4)assistance n．帮助，援助)
(教材原句)In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.在中国，志愿者在环境保护、残疾人救助及许多其他领域也正发挥着越来越重要的作用。
(应用文之感谢信)In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.
对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您衷心的感谢。
You will be required to assist Professor Smith in preparing a report.
你需要协助史密斯教授准备一份报告。
[考点归纳]
(1)with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助
assist sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
assist sb. to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理；售货员
adj. 助理的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical ________ (assist).
②Kalan called his ________ (assist), Hashim, to take over while he went out.
③Hearing the news, all the friends came ________ his assistance.
assistance
assistant
to
④(应用文之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I'm wondering if you could __________________ the suitable topics for the class meeting.(assist...in)
＝I'm wondering if you could _________________ the suitable topics for the class meeting.(assist...to)
assist me in choosing
assist me to choose
过去分词作定语(ed as attributive)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher.
2．In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.
3．He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
4．Many inspired people gave him their support.
5．This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
[归纳填空]　
①过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间为________关系，表示被动或完成。
②过去分词短语作定语放到所修饰词的________面。
③一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语放到所修饰词的________面。
④以上句子中，已经形容词化的过去分词有_____________________。
动宾
后
前
delighted, inspired和determined
精要点拨
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系，表示被动或完成。
一、过去分词作定语的位置
1．前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，放在所修饰词之前。
Many used computers will be sold in this market.
很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。
[名师点津]
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义，单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)、given(所给的)、concerned(有关的)等。
There were a couple of seats left at the back.
后面还剩几个位子。
(2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something、everything、anything、nothing、nobody等不定代词，单个的过去分词作定语要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2021.
＝To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2021.
回到水污染的问题上，我想让你看一下2021年在澳大利亚做过的一项研究。
[名师点津]
有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置，意义不变，但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。
The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
This is a used car worth only 5，000 yuan.
这是一辆只值5 000元的二手车。
二、过去分词作定语的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有完成和被动两层含义。
①表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人
respected leaders受人尊敬的领导
②表示被动和完成。
the broken glass碎了的杯子
the question discussed yesterday昨天被讨论的问题
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作的完成，无被动之意。
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一位退休工人
三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别
Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
Who is the man working there
在那儿工作的那个人是谁？
The bike being repaired is mine.
正在修的自行车是我的。
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Don't ________(犹豫) to make frank comments or suggestions if you have any.
2．The Queen sent the Royal Medical Institution to get confirmation and provide ________ (援助).
3．With this ________ (使命), the volunteers did not hesitate to donate money to the foundation.
4．Many ________ (疾病), such as various cancers and disabilities, have occurred in this territory.
hesitate
assistance
mission
diseases
5．Experts say this disease may ________ (蔓延) to other territories.
6．They were ________ (慷慨的) enough to provide assistance for the disaster area.
7．________ (癌症) is a serious disease in which cells in a person's body increase rapidly in an uncontrolled way, producing abnormal growths.
8．You are ________ (敏感的) about others' diseases, being afraid of suffering the same.
extend
generous
Cancer
sensitive
9．A girl with ________ (残疾) may feel embarrassed when someone offers assistance to her.
10．The patient filled in the ________ (登记) form to get medical treatment.
disabilities
registration
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The park was full of people, ________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
2．He can walk only with the ________ (assist) of crutches.
3．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
4．You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
enjoying
assistance
returned
offered
5．The ________ (puzzle) expression on his face showed that the question was puzzling.
6．The student likes reading stories ________ (write) by Mark Twain.
7．Many ________ (use) computers will be sold in this market.
8．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders ________ (design) to kill snakes.
9．The concert ________ (give) by their friends was a great success.
puzzled
written
used
designed
given
Ⅲ.句型转换(用非谓语动词改写下列句子)
1．We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.
→We must adapt our thinking to _______________________．
2．The story which/that was written by a little boy is popular in schools.
→The story ________________________ is popular in schools.
3．The man who had retired was much interested in painting.
→________________ was much interested in painting.
the changed conditions
written by a little boy
The retired man
4．Nothing that was reported interested him.
→________________ interested him.
5．The student who is dressed in blue is my son.
→The student ________________ is my son.
Nothing reported
dressed in blue
Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，满分10分)
1．In order to get convincing evidence, researchers have analyzed the genes of more than 200 breast ________ (癌症) patients in Chicago.
2．Don't ________ (犹豫) to make a decision, or you'll let such a golden opportunity slip through your fingers.
答案：cancer
答案：hesitate
3．I think a lot of people, women in particular, pay attention to these ________ (敏感的) issues.
4．What began as a small activity has taken the shape of an inspiring ________ (机构) of international standards.
5．If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible ________ (帮助) to the people there.
答案：sensitive
答案：institution
答案：assistance
6．Once the ________ (登记) form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
7．Doctors inevitably face the cases where severe injuries lead to ________ (残疾).
8．Diana, Princess of Wales, was one of the most admirable members of the British ________ (王室的) family.
答案：registration
答案：disability
答案：royal
9．Three astronauts were sent into space to complete a sixmonth ________ (任务) on the new space station called Tianhe.
10．The artisan decided to pass on his skills to the young man to repay his ________ (慷慨的) help.
答案：mission
答案：generous
Ⅱ.短语填空(每空2分，满分18分)
take up, be sensitive to, be generous with, never hesitate to, be confident about, play an important role in, with the assistance of, come to sb.'s assistance
1．Don't ____________ so ____________ what others say. In fact, I was not criticizing you.
答案：be; sensitive to
2．The millionaire ____________ his money, and he often donates large sums for charity.
3．Since 1953, the institution has ____________ an extended mission to help children in the developing world.
4．____________ the medical institution, he fought hard against cancer.
答案：is generous with
答案：taken up
答案：With the assistance of
5．Volunteers are ________ environmental protection, the assistance to persons with disabilities and many other fields.
6．Helen suffered from cancer and other diseases, and all her colleagues ____________．
答案：playing an important role in
答案：came to her assistance
7．If you have trouble, we will ____________ provide assistance.
8．He ____________ everything. And he's creative. He often comes up with good ideas.
答案：never hesitate to
答案：is confident about
Ⅲ.完成句子(每空2分，满分16分)
1．他不仅充满活力，而且说的话也很鼓舞人心。(not only...but also)
________________________________ but also what he says is inspiring.
2．他把所有的钱都捐给了孤儿院，真是慷慨。(It is generous of sb. to do sth.)
_______________________ all his money to the orphan's home.
答案：He is not only energetic
答案：It is generous of him to donate
3．许多青少年花太多时间玩手机，这对他们的健康有害。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Many teenagers spend too much time playing mobile phones, ______．
4．每当朋友遇到困难时，他都会毫不犹豫地给予帮助，不要求回报。(hesitate to do)
Whenever his friends have some troubles, ____________________ and require no rewards.
答案：which is harmful to their health
答案：he would never hesitate to give them help
5．应邀参加聚会的大多数人是他的老校友。
Most of the people _________________ were his old schoolmates.
6．一个学生打扮的女孩进来后，坐在了我的旁边。
A girl, _______________________， came in and sat beside me.
答案：invited to attend the party
答案：dressed like a student
7．上周举办的音乐会是一场听觉盛宴。
______________________________________ was a feast for the ears.
8．理查德也会参观被称为“中国宝库”的陕西历史博物馆以及一些其他著名景点。
Richard will also visit the Shaanxi History Museum, _____________ and a few other famous sights.
答案：The concert held last week
答案：known as a Chinese Treasure House
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分9分)
1．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ______ (spend) with his frank students.
答案：spent
解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和坦率的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。本空修饰名词time，且名词time和动词spend之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作定语。
2．The problem ________ (discuss) yesterday has something to do with our fault.
答案：discussed
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：昨天被讨论的问题与我们的过错有关。本空修饰名词problem，且名词problem与动词discuss之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。
3．Mrs. White showed her students some core old maps ______ (borrow) from the library.
答案：borrowed
解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：怀特老师给她的学生们看了一些从图书馆借来的核心的旧地图。本空修饰名词maps，且名词maps与动词borrow之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作定语。
4．The boxing ring is empty except for a coach ________ (stand) in one corner.
答案：standing
解析：考查现在分词短语作定语。句意：除了角落里站着的教练外，拳击台上空无一人。本空修饰名词coach，且名词coach与动词stand之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作定语。
5．In the past, some people used ________ (train) monkeys to ensure to make money.
答案：trained/to train
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：过去，有些人用受过训练的猴子确保赚钱。本空修饰名词monkeys，且名词monkeys与动词train之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。此题也可用to train，意为：过去，有人曾经训练猴子以确保赚钱。
6．The ________ (lose) time can never be found and forgiven again.
答案：lost
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：失去的时间再也找不回来也不会被谅解了。本空修饰名词time，且名词time与动词lose之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。
7．In the museum I saw a lot of paintings ________ (paint) by the boxing player.
答案：painted
解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：在博物馆里我看到一个著名拳击手画的许多画。本空修饰名词paintings，且名词paintings与动词paint之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作定语。
8．In some languages, 100 core words make up half of all words ________ (use) in daily conversations.
答案：used
解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：在一些语言中，100个核心单词构成了日常会话中被使用的所有单词的一半。本空修饰名词words，且名词words与动词use之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作定语。
9．You cannot accept a tangled opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
答案：offered
解析：考查过去分词短语作定语。句意：你不能接受提供给你的一个纠结的意见，除非它是基于事实的。本空修饰名词opinion，且名词opinion与动词offer之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作定语。
层级二　语言能力训练
Ⅰ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
A Chicago woman's act of kindness helped homeless people stay warm. Candice Payne __1__ 20 hotel rooms on her credit card with a group of strangers following her.
Payne booked the hotel rooms after __2__ how lifethreatening the subzero temperatures would be for the Chicagoans without __3__. She posted about it on social media and soon the __4__ and offers to help bring food came flooding in. “__5__ they didn't know how to or where to start to help，so I'm glad that I was able to be that __6__，” she said.
When temperatures __7__ to 22 degrees below zero, a group of homeless people had to abandon their tents near a highway. Payne and other volunteers dug __8__ into their pockets and paid for 60 rooms at a hotel on Chicago's South Side. And the volunteers built __9__ friendships even though most of them just met.
When Jermaine and Robert got the offer for a(n) __10__ bed, they were getting ready to sleep on the __11__. “We don't get that type of help，” Jermaine said. “I really needed them at that __12__， so they came right in time.” They hugged Payne and thanked her, touched by the __13__ kindness.
This volunteer group has been able to __14__ three nights at the hotel for about 80 people. They're hoping to continue working together to help __15__ a more longterm solution.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。坎迪斯·佩恩是芝加哥爱心人士，在寒潮袭来之时，她慷慨解囊，为无家可归者预订了宾馆房间，在寒冷的夜晚给他们一个温暖的住处。芝加哥爱心人士纷纷站出来，与佩恩一起救助那些为极寒天气所困的人。
1．(　　)
A.bought B．took
C．charged D．built
答案：C
解析：坎迪斯·佩恩用她的信用卡支付了(charge)20个宾馆房间，一伙陌生人跟她一起参与这次救人行动。charge sth. on one's credit card用某人的信用卡支付某物。根据第二段中的booked the hotel rooms可知，选C。buy买；take拿；charge支付；build建设。
2．(　　)
A.checking B．measuring
C．reporting D．realizing
答案：D
解析：当意识到(realize)零下的气温对芝加哥无家可归者的生命构成威胁后，佩恩预订了宾馆房间。故选D。check检查；measure测量；report报告；realize意识到。
3．(　　)
A. home B．choice
C．dream D．job
答案：A
解析：根据文章首句的homeless people可知，这些需要救助的贫穷的芝加哥人没有家(home)，故选A。
4．(　　)
A. suggestions B．instructions
C．donations D．solutions
答案：C
解析：她把这个消息发到社交网站后，很快就收到了很多捐赠(donation)和志愿者提供的食物。好心人纷纷响应，为芝加哥无家可归的人提供捐助，故选C。suggestion建议； instruction指导； donation捐赠； solution方案。
5．(　　)
A. Instead B．Hardly
C．Fortunately D．Maybe
答案：D
解析：也许(maybe)他们不知道该怎么提供或者从哪里开始帮助，因此“我”很高兴能够成为一个联系人。这是佩恩猜测的原因，故选D。instead反而； hardly几乎不； fortunately幸运地； maybe也许。
6．(　　)
A. provider B．connecter
C．organizer D．manager
答案：B
解析：佩恩是无家可归者与捐助者的联系人(connecter)，故选B。provider提供者； connecter联系人； organizer组织者； manager经理。
7．(　　)
A.reached B．dropped
C．rose D．fell
答案：B
解析：当气温降到(drop)零下22 ℃，一伙无家可归者不得不放弃他们靠近公路的帐篷。气温继续下降，无家可归者面临的危险也越大了，故选B。reach抵达； drop降低； rise升高； fall跌倒。
8．(　　)
A. deep B．long
C．anxiously D．hopefully
答案：A
解析：佩恩与其他志愿者花大(deep)价钱在芝加哥南区预订了60个宾馆房间。dig deep into one's pockets花很多钱，60个宾馆房间要花很多钱，故选A。deep在深处； long长； anxiously焦急地； hopefully有希望地。
9．(　　)
A. amazing B．surprising
C．amusing D．lasting
答案：D
解析：尽管这些志愿者大部分刚刚见面，但是他们建立了牢固的(lasting)友谊。amazing惊人的； surprising惊讶的； amusing好笑的； lasting持久的。
10．(　　)
A. free B．warm
C．attractive D．expensive
答案：B
解析：他们打算在大街上过夜的时候，志愿者们为他们提供了温暖的(warm)床铺。根据上下文可知，选B。free免费的； warm温暖的； attractive迷人的； expensive昂贵的。
11．(　　)
A. railway B．beach
C．street D．mountain
答案：C
解析：这些无家可归者已经做好了在大街上(street)过夜的打算，故选C。railway铁路； beach海滩； street街道； mountain山。
12．(　　)
A. point B．movement
C．place D．hotel
答案：A
解析：“那时候(point)我确实需要他们的帮助，他们来得正是时候。”Jermaine说。at that point那时候，即气温骤降，无处御寒的时候，故选A。point时刻； movement运动； place地方； hotel宾馆。
13．(　　)
A. unexpected B．unwritten
C．undelivered D．unmeasured
答案：A
解析：他们与佩恩拥抱，对她表示感激，这出乎意料的(unexpected)善意感动了他们。佩恩和其他志愿者的帮助出乎他们(无家可归者)的意料，故选A。unexpected出乎意料的； unwritten不成文的； undelivered没有运送的； unmeasured没有测量的。
14．(　　)
A. pay B．receive
C．cover D．enjoy
答案：C
解析：这个志愿者小组已经能够为大约80人支付(cover)三个晚上的宾馆费用。cover支付，根据第二段的booked the hotel rooms可知，选C。pay偿还； receive收到； cover支付； enjoy喜欢。
15．(　　)
A. determine B．provide
C．design D．accomplish
答案：B
解析：他们希望继续在一起工作，帮助提供(provide)更长期的解决方案。故选B。determine决定； provide提供； design设计； accomplish完成。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Four ways to be admired
Gaining admiration requires honesty, hard work, perseverance and some other qualities. 1(____)
Lead, don't follow.
People who are admired are unafraid to do something new or different. 2(____) You can be a leader even among those who have greater official authority than you by convincing others to follow a certain course or act in a certain way. Leadership requires more than speaking and acting in an inspirational and influential way. You must also be willing to take responsibility when something needs doing.
3(____)
It means you will stand by the things you believe. Admirable individuals try to keep their personal integrity (诚信) by staying true to who they are even when it is unpopular or questioned. However, standing by your principles (原则) and acting with integrity don't mean that you are unwilling to accept or consider other ideas.
Take a positive attitude.
A positive attitude doesn't mean pretending that everything is great all the time. That is unrealistic. 4(____) Try to be positive about some negative situations, and maybe things will get better.
Work hard.
Whether you're working for minimum wage or managing a large company, you should always take pride in your work. Doing so will show that you are capable of doing your part. Go above and beyond in your workplace by giving your all on the job. If you make pizzas, make the best pizza you can every time. 5(____) Take pride in your work and doing it will be a pleasure, not a hard job. Keep your office or workspace clean and wellorganized.
A．Stick to your principles.
B．Show personal integrity.
C．If you clean the floors , make it perfectly.
D．No matter who you are, earning admiration requires many skills.
E．Being a leader doesn't necessarily mean you are in a higher position.
F．It is important to push people in the workplace to make them feel relaxed.
G．Instead, recognize when things are bad but look for the good in every situation.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了获得他人赞赏的一些技巧。
1．答案：D
解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据前文“Gaining admiration requires honesty, hard work, perseverance and some other qualities.”说明要想获得赞赏，需要具备一些优秀品质，下文黑体小标题给出了获得赞赏的一些技巧。D项“无论你是谁，赢得赞赏需要很多技巧”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。
2．答案：E
解析：词汇锁定法解题。根据小标题“Lead, don't follow.(要领导，不要跟随。)”可知，本段介绍了要做领导，不要跟随别人，下文“You can be a leader...”介绍了成为领导者要做的事情，E项中“Being a leader”与标题相符，呼应下文的“be a leader”，符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案：B
解析：设题位置法解题。空格处是段落标题。根据下文“Admirable individuals try to keep their personal integrity by staying true to who they are even when it is unpopular or questioned.”可知，本段介绍了要坚持诚信。B项“展示个人诚信”符合语境。故选B项。
4．答案：G
解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据前文“A positive attitude doesn't mean pretending that everything is great all the time. That is unrealistic.”说明现实是并不是一切都会很好，下文“Try to be positive about some negative situations...”说明要用积极的心态对待消极的事情。上下文是转折关系。G项“相反，认识到事情不好的时候，但在任何情况下都要看到好的一面”符合语境。故选G项。
5．答案：C
解析：关联逻辑法解题。根据上文“Go above and beyond in your workplace by giving your all on the job. If you make pizzas, make the best pizza you can every time.”说明要全力以赴做好事情，并列举了做比萨饼的例子。C项“如果你清洁地板，就把它做完美”是另一个例子，符合语境。故选C项。Part Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．________ v．持续；延伸→extension n．持续；延伸
2．________ adj.能；能干的；有能力的→ably adv.能干地→________ n．能力；才能；本领→disabled adj.残疾的→________ n．残疾，残障
3．________ n．感受；意识；理解力；见识；理智；意义 v．感觉到→senseless adj.失去知觉的；无意义的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可察觉到的→________ adj.敏感的，容易生气的
4．________ adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨；大方
5．________ v．犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑
6．________ v．帮助；援助→________ n．帮助，援助→assistant n．助手；助理 adj.助理的；副的
7．________ v．登记；注册→________ n．登记，注册
8．________ v．证明；证实→________ n．证实，证明
Ⅱ.熟记重要短语
①take up 开始从事
②live with 忍受，容忍
③make wise decisions 做出明智的决定
④be confident about 对……有信心
⑤come up with 想出
⑥a sense of humor 幽默感
⑦cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
⑧come across 偶然遇见
⑨not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
⑩play an important role in 在……中起重要作用
help out 帮忙；解决困难
be involved in 参与……，卷入……
1)sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的；体贴的，善解人意的)
(教材原句)He's sensitive and rather serious, which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.
他敏感而且相当严肃，这有时使他显得有点儿书生气。
(应用文之人物介绍)My friend Li Hua is very sensitive to other people's feelings.我的朋友李华很能体谅他人的感情。
One way of showing fellow feeling is teasing people gently. People liked to be joshed, but not about anything sensitive.
有一种与人打成一片的方式就是礼貌地和别人开玩笑。人们喜欢开玩笑，只要不是敏感的话题。
[考点归纳]
be sensitive to 对……敏感的/体恤的
be sensitive about 对……很在意的/容易生气的
[即学即练]　写出下列黑体词的含义/单句语法填空
①—I can't understand why he should have been so annoyed. I meant no offence (冒犯).
—It's typical of him to be sensitive.____________
②She just lost the game yesterday. Make sure that you are sensitive to her feelings.____________
③The elderly need special care in winter, as they are very sensitive to the sudden changes in the weather.____________
④Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more sensitive ________ emotional and relationship problems.
2)generous adj.慷慨的，大方的)
(教材原句)She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，帮助别人从不犹豫。
(应用文之人物介绍)Although he is not rich, he is generous to his friends in trouble.他虽然不富有，但却对困难的朋友很慷慨。
Jim is very generous with his time.
吉姆很不吝惜他的时间。
[考点归纳]
(1)be generous with sth. 不吝惜某物
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨大方
be generous in doing sth. 在做某事方面慷慨
(2)generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old man is always generous ________ the disabled children, contributing ________ (generous) to the Hope Project.
②He was generous ________ his time, for which I was grateful.
③The young man is always so helpful that he treats others with ________ (generous).
④你真慷慨，在我们有困难的时候伸出了援助之手。
(应用文之感谢信)________________________________ us a hand when we are in trouble.
3)hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫)
(教材原句)She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，帮助别人从不犹豫。
(应用文之告知信)Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any question.如有任何疑问，请尽管和我联系。
The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without hesitation and told them to phone anytime.
穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上(需要帮助)的人，并告诉他们可以随时打电话。
[考点归纳]
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 迟疑，犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事
(3)hesitant adj. 犹豫的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The rich man is so generous that he often doesn't hesitate ____________ (help) others.
②Her ________ (hesitate) expression suggested that she was in a dilemma.
③(读后续写之动作描写)听到这个消息，他毫不犹豫地冲进房间。
Hearing the news, he __________________________________________．(hesitation)
＝Hearing the news, _____________________________．(hesitate)
4)assistance n．帮助，援助)
(教材原句)In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.在中国，志愿者在环境保护、残疾人救助及许多其他领域也正发挥着越来越重要的作用。
(应用文之感谢信)In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.
对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您衷心的感谢。
You will be required to assist Professor Smith in preparing a report.
你需要协助史密斯教授准备一份报告。
[考点归纳]
(1)with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助
assist sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
assist sb. to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理；售货员
adj. 助理的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical ________ (assist).
②Kalan called his ________ (assist), Hashim, to take over while he went out.
③Hearing the news, all the friends came ________ his assistance.
④(应用文之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I'm wondering if you could ____________ the suitable topics for the class meeting.(assist...in)
＝I'm wondering if you could _________ the suitable topics for the class meeting.(assist...to)
过去分词作定语(ed as attributive)
自主探索
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。
1．Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher.
2．In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.
3．He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
4．Many inspired people gave him their support.
5．This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
[归纳填空]　①过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间为________关系，表示被动或完成。
②过去分词短语作定语放到所修饰词的________面。
③一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语放到所修饰词的________面。
④以上句子中，已经形容词化的过去分词有__________________________________。
精要点拨
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系，表示被动或完成。
一、过去分词作定语的位置
1．前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，放在所修饰词之前。
Many used computers will be sold in this market.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。
[名师点津]
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义，单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)、given(所给的)、concerned(有关的)等。
There were a couple of seats left at the back.
后面还剩几个位子。
(2)如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或something、everything、anything、nothing、nobody等不定代词，单个的过去分词作定语要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2021.
＝To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2021.
回到水污染的问题上，我想让你看一下2021年在澳大利亚做过的一项研究。
[名师点津]
有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置，意义不变，但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。
The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
This is a used car worth only 5，000 yuan.
这是一辆只值5 000元的二手车。
二、过去分词作定语的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有完成和被动两层含义。
①表示被动。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人
respected leaders受人尊敬的领导
②表示被动和完成。
the broken glass碎了的杯子
the question discussed yesterday昨天被讨论的问题
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作的完成，无被动之意。
the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶
a retired worker＝a worker that has retired
一位退休工人
三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别
Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
Who is the man working there
在那儿工作的那个人是谁？
The bike being repaired is mine.
正在修的自行车是我的。
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Don't ________(犹豫) to make frank comments or suggestions if you have any.
2．The Queen sent the Royal Medical Institution to get confirmation and provide ________ (援助).
3．With this ________ (使命), the volunteers did not hesitate to donate money to the foundation.
4．Many ________ (疾病), such as various cancers and disabilities, have occurred in this territory.
5．Experts say this disease may ________ (蔓延) to other territories.
6．They were ________ (慷慨的) enough to provide assistance for the disaster area.
7．________ (癌症) is a serious disease in which cells in a person's body increase rapidly in an uncontrolled way, producing abnormal growths.
8．You are ________ (敏感的) about others' diseases, being afraid of suffering the same.
9．A girl with ________ (残疾) may feel embarrassed when someone offers assistance to her.
10．The patient filled in the ________ (登记) form to get medical treatment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The park was full of people, ________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
2．He can walk only with the ________ (assist) of crutches.
3．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
4．You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
5．The ________ (puzzle) expression on his face showed that the question was puzzling.
6．The student likes reading stories ________ (write) by Mark Twain.
7．Many ________ (use) computers will be sold in this market.
8．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders ________ (design) to kill snakes.
9．The concert ________ (give) by their friends was a great success.
Ⅲ.句型转换(用非谓语动词改写下列句子)
1．We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.
→We must adapt our thinking to ________________________________．
2．The story which/that was written by a little boy is popular in schools.
→The story ________________________ is popular in schools.
3．The man who had retired was much interested in painting.
→________________ was much interested in painting.
4．Nothing that was reported interested him.
→________________ interested him.
5．The student who is dressed in blue is my son.
→The student ________________ is my son.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（五）
Part Ⅱ　Using language
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.高频词汇及变形
1．extend　2.able; ability; disability　3.sense; sensitive
4．generous　5.hesitate　6.assist; assistance　7.register; registration　8.confirm; confirmation
要点精研·考点突破
1．①敏感的，易生气的　②体贴的　③(对光、食物等)敏感的
④to
2．①to; generously　②with　③generosity　④It's generous of you to lend
3．①to help　②hesitant　③rushed into the room without hesitation; he didn't hesitate to rush into the room
4．①assistance　②assistant　③to　④assist me in choosing; assist me to choose
语法精讲·核心突破
[归纳填空]　①动宾　②后　③前　④delighted, inspired和determined
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．hesitate　2.assistance　3.mission　4.diseases　5.extend　6.generous　7.Cancer　8.sensitive　9.disabilities　10.registration
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．enjoying　2.assistance　3.returned　4.offered　5.puzzled
6．written　7.used　8.designed　9.given
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．the changed conditions　2.written by a little boy
3．The retired man　4.Nothing reported　5.dressed in blue
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