资源简介

Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 为……提供资金，资助
②________ v. 挣(钱)
③________ v. 再利用，回收利用
④________ v．贡献；撰稿；捐献→________ n．贡献；稿件
⑤________ n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻；缓解
⑥________ adj.短的；缺乏的；简略的；缩写的→shorten v．缩短；变短→________ n．短缺，不足，缺乏
⑦________ n．结果；效应；影响→________ adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effectively adv.有效地→efficient adj.有效率的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率；效能
⑧________ v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠；捐款；捐赠物
⑨________ v．坚持；孜孜以求→________ n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
⑩________ adj.真实的；真正的→________n．真实，现实→really adv.真实地；确实；当真→realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①internal A．n.喷水池
(　　)②fountain B．n.基金会
(　　)③foundation C．adj.内部的
(　　)④insight D．n.顿悟，猛醒
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 做某事有困难
2．________________ 公之于世，公开(秘密等)
3．________________ 对……心存感激
4．________________ 有影响；使不同
5．________________ 突然笑起来
6．________________ 在控制中
7．be determined to do sth. ________________
8．set up ________________
9．make his dream a reality ________________
10．benefit from ________________
11．turn out ________________
12．persuade sb. to do sth. ________________
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that引导同位语从句
作为一名6岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。
As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher
________________________________________________________________________.
2．so...that...引导结果状语从句
为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？
And why is the water ________________ it makes them sick
3．What引导主语从句
他们需要的是在他们家附近建一口井。
________________ was a well dug near their homes.
4．“介词＋which”引导定语从句
几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000，________________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
2．The main idea of the passage is that ________ built ________ to help solve the problems of ________________ in Africa.
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries
A．The countries were too dry to have enough water.
B．The wells were too far away and the water was dirty.
C．People didn't want to walk to fetch water.
D．People used too much water and polluted it.
2．How much does it cost to build a well
A．70 dollars.
B．2，000 dollars.
C．800，000 dollars.
D．1，300 dollars.
3．How did Ryan raise more dollars
A．By cleaning windows and doing gardening.
B．By persuading his classmates and neighbours to donate money.
C．By making his story go public.
D．By encouraging people to help.
4．How can we describe the Canadian boy
A．Helpful and determined.
B．Joyful and warmhearted.
C．Hardworking and grateful.
D．Delighted and generous.
5．Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the title
A．Ryan was determined to give up his plan to build a well in Africa.
B．The well built by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water shortage.
C．The more wells you dig, the better the world will be.
D.The well built by Ryan encouraged more people to help make the world a better place.
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________
2.
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
3.
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
1．Find the sentences to describe the mood.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Find the sentences to show people's perseverance.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词汇积累]
①have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
②fountain/'fa ntIn/ n．喷水池
drinking fountain (设于公共场所的)喷泉式饮水器
③at first起初，最开始
④earn/ n/v.挣(钱)
earn money 挣钱
⑤well n．井
⑥do gardening做园艺工作
⑦target n．目标
⑧charity n．慈善机构
⑨hand pump手压泵，手摇泵
⑩dig v．挖，凿
give up 放弃
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
persuade v．劝说
persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做某事
donate/d 'neIt/ v．捐赠，捐献
go public 公之于众，宣扬出去
raise v．筹集
no longer 不再
grateful adj.感激的
be grateful to sb. 感激某人
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
turn out (为看热闹)蜂拥而出
make a difference 有影响，使不同
break into a smile 突然笑起来
set up 建立
foundation
/fa n'deI ( )n/ n．基金会
go on 继续
benefit from... 从……中获益
not...but... 不是……而是……
insight/'insaIt/n.顿悟，猛醒
perseverance
/ p sI'vI r ns/n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈
reality/ri' lIti/n.真实，现实
make sth. a reality 使……成为现实，实现……
[教材原文]
The Well That Changed the World
As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing① the words spoken by his teacher【1】 that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water【2】. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain②. It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water【3】 every day And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick【4】？” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don't I help？”
【1】spoken by his teacher为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词the words。
【2】that引导同位语从句，作名词the words的同位语。
【3】不定式短语to get water作目的状语。
【4】本句为so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中that引导结果状语从句。
At first③， his plan was to earn④ money to build a single well⑤ somewhere in Africa【5】. He cleaned windows and did gardening⑥ for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target⑦ of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity⑧【6】， he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well【7】. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump⑨. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn't help the children 【8】. What they needed was a well dug⑩ near their homes 【9】．
【5】本句中不定式短语to earn money作表语；to build a single well somewhere in Africa作目的状语。
【6】when引导时间状语从句。
【7】that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。句中it作形式主语，不定式短语to build a well为真正的主语。
【8】that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
【9】What引导主语从句，What在从句中作宾语；dug near their homes为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a well。
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up . He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public . After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda【10】. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water【11】. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
【10】with which引导定语从句，修饰$2，000。
【11】to get water为不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him【12】. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile .
【12】who引导定语从句，修饰名词students, who在从句中作主语，指人。
Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help【13】. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on . Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the lifechanging gift of clean, safe water.
【13】to encourage more people to help为不定式短语作目的状语。
Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help？”， but “How can I help today？”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality 【14】．
【14】who引导定语从句，修饰名词a sixyearold boy, who在从句中作主语，指人。
[课文译文]
改变世界的井
作为一名6岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。他看了看教室对面的喷泉式饮水器。它离他很近，只有十步之遥。所以，瑞安自问：“为什么有些非洲孩子每天要走10公里才能取到水？为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？”年幼的瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙呢？”
起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某地建一口井。通过给家人和邻居擦窗户和做园艺，他很快就达到了挣70美元的第一个目标，但是当他把钱捐给一个慈善机构时，他被告知建一口井实际上需要2 000美元。70美元只够买一个手摇泵。瑞安明白手摇泵帮不了孩子们。他们需要的是一口在家附近挖的井。
2 000美元是一大笔钱，但瑞安没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并劝说他们捐款。与此同时，在瑞安母亲的一位朋友的帮助下，他的故事为公众所知了。几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。学校的孩子们不再需要步行几个小时去取水了。他们很感激他，邀请他来参观。
在乌干达，瑞安最终亲眼看到了这口已完工的井。但这并不是全部。他还看到成百上千的兴高采烈的学生过来欢迎他。他们高兴地唱歌跳舞。有些人甚至给他食物和礼物。起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到非常温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。他突然开心地笑了起来。
后来，瑞安的经历促使他成立了一个基金会来鼓励更多的人伸出援手。许多受鼓舞的人支持他。瑞安的基金会继续吸引越来越多的人的支持，所以建造更多井的事业可以继续下去。今天，这份能改变人一生的礼物——干净、卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。
现在，作为一个成年人，瑞安说要问的问题不是“我为什么不帮助他们？”而是“我今天该如何去帮助他们？”。这种领悟源于一个6岁男孩的坚定态度，他有勇气和毅力实现他自己的梦想。
1)contribution n．贡献；捐款；定期缴款；促成作用；稿件)
(应用文之人物介绍)Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize for her outstanding contributions that she made to medicine.
屠呦呦因在医学上的杰出贡献而获得诺贝尔奖。
Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.
最后，一些好的英语学习网站对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。
It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your literature magazine.能应邀为你们的文学杂志写稿我感到非常荣幸。
[考点归纳]
(1)make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing)... 对……作出贡献
(2)contribute v. 贡献，捐赠；投稿
contribute...to/towards... (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to 促成，导致；有助于；是……的原因
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to ________ (build) a warm and harmonious society.
②Failure can make a positive ________ (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it.
③It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum ________ the charity.
④就我而言，每个人都应该为保护环境做出贡献。
(应用文之环境保护)As far as I am concerned, everyone should ______________________________________ the environment.
2)relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心)
(教材原句)The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.
在病人的皮肤被仔细地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒适是在病床上最常被观察到的现象之一。
To my relief, it was through this run that David became much stronger.令我感到欣慰的是，正是通过这次跑步戴维强壮多了。
(读后续写之情感描写)It was a great relief to find that my family were all safe.发现我的家人都安然无恙，我感到了极大的欣慰。
[考点归纳]
(1)to one's (great) relief/much to one's relief令某人感到(大为)欣慰的是
in relief 轻松地
What a relief! 可轻松了！
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心
(2)relieved adj. 放心的，感到欣慰的
relieve sb. of... 使某人摆脱……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To her great ________ (relieve), her younger brother recovered quickly after the operation.
②Hearing that he passed the exam, he smiled ________ relief.
③The new secretary will contribute to relieving us ________ some of the paperwork.
④—Don't worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.
—What ________ relief! I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
⑤能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
________________________ able to talk to someone about it.
3)effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的)
(教材原句)Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
现在选择你认为非常有效的解决方案，为非洲提供淡水。
(应用文之学校生活)Personally, I used to try some effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
就我个人而言，我曾经尝试过一些有效的方法来实现我的学业目标。
Modern farming methods can have an effect on the environment.
现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成影响。
[考点归纳]
(1)effect n. 效应，影响，结果
v. 使发生，引起
have an effect on 对……有影响
bring/carry/put...into effect 使……实施/生效
come into effect＝take effect 开始生效；开始实施
in effect＝in fact/in reality 事实上；实际上
side effect 副作用
(2)affect v. 影响
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The local government has taken ________ (effect) measures to resolve the problem.
②The company must reduce costs to compete ________ (effective).
③Sometimes, the adults could also ____________ (affect) by the violent content of the video games.
④The new traffic law has ____________________ (开始实施).__________________ (事实上)，it ________________ (对……有影响) people's life in many ways besides people's focus on road safety. Since it ____________ (生效)，many people have drunk less than before.
4)earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得　v．挣(钱))
(教材原句)At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某地建一口井。
(应用文之人物介绍)His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。
In order to earn my living, I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength.
为了谋生，我总是不得不超出我的极限去工作。
[考点归纳]
(1)earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得某物；为某人带来某物
earn/make money 赚钱
earn a living/make a living 谋生
earn one's fame/a reputation 赢得名声
(2)earnings n. 收入
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was the new policy that contributed to a rise in average ________ (earn).
②The poor family lives on very little money ________ (earn) by the disabled husband.
③I sang in a club ________ (earn) my daily bread when I was young.
④让她感到宽慰的是，她的儿子能够通过做兼职工作养活自己。
To her relief, her son could ________________________ by doing parttime jobs.
5)donate v．捐赠；捐献)
(教材原句)He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.
他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。
(应用文之人物介绍)She donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.
她捐了很多钱给学校，使学生们能够重新回到他们的教室。
The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims.
这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。
[考点归纳]
(1)donate...to... 把……捐献给……
(2)donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Funds are so scarce in the school districts that principals are begging for ________ (donate).
②The secondary school is named after a ________ (donate) who made a contribution of 50 million yuan.
③The headmaster appeals to us students to make ________ donation to the poor boy.
④募集的资金被捐赠给没有保险的癌症患者。
The money raised ________________________ who do not have insurance.
6)make a difference 有作用(关系、影响))
(教材原句)At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children.
起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到非常温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。
The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.这对双胞胎很像，很难区分他们。
We expect to make a difference to the children's life by sharing our knowledge in different fields.
我们希望通过分享我们在不同领域的知识来改变孩子们的生活。
[考点归纳]
make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell the difference between...and... 区分……与……的差别
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't really tell the difference ________ their policies and ours.
②It makes no difference ________ me whether the measures are effective or not.
③我现在想集中精力学习英语，这将对我在国外的生活产生很大的影响。
(应用文之语言学习)I want to concentrate on learning English now, which will _________ my life abroad.
7)(教材原句)What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
他们需要的是一口在家附近挖的井。
[句式解构]　本句中what引导主语从句。
(1)疑问代词what常用来引导名词性从句，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
(2)what引导名词性从句时，既起引导词的作用，又在所引导的从句中作句子成分(主语、表语或宾语)；that在它引导的名词性从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。
A new supermarket has been built in what was wasteland before.
一家新超市在以前是废墟的地方建起来了。(宾语从句)
What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.我想告诉你的是我对父母的深深的爱和尊重。(主语从句)
Thank you for your gift! It is what I have been longing for.
谢谢你的礼物！这正是我一直想要的。(表语从句)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
②—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game
—Oh, that's ________ makes me feel excited.
③更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了。
What makes the matter worse is that it begins ______________．
8)(教材原句)And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick？,为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？
[句式解构]　该句是一个复合句。so为副词，修饰形容词dirty; that为连词，引导结果状语从句。
(应用文之活动介绍)The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.这个展览展出非常精彩的画，能让你更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。
(读后续写之情感描写)Mother was so moved that her eyes were shining with tears of great joy.母亲感动得双眼闪烁着喜悦的泪水。
[考点归纳]
[名师点津]
so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，该句用部分倒装，that...不倒装。
So excited was I that I could not speak.我是如此激动以至于说不出话来。
Such a difficult problem is it that I find it hard to solve.
它是如此难的一个问题以至于我发现很难解决。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①It was ________ nice weather that we went camping in the mountains.
②He made ________ few mistakes that he got high grades in the exam.
③He's ________ good a person that we shouldn't blame him.
④It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
→It was ________________ hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
⑤He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
→So fast __________________ that no one can catch him.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her mother hugged her tightly and spoke with ________ (缓解)，“Let's go home.”
2．Most Americans advocate the spirit of social service and voluntary ________ (贡献).
3．Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to ________ (捐赠)a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
4．According to the law of the country, players should be allowed to ________ (挣) money from advertising.
5．It's important to distinguish ________ (现实) from dreams.
6．Ender's success proves that a good leader should have intelligence and ________ (顿悟) and make full use of his or her teammates' talents.
7．We have no interest in interfering in the ________ (内部的) affairs of other countries.
8．An injection of cash is needed to ________ (为……提供资金，资助) some of these projects.
9．If we ________ (回收利用) more waste, we wouldn't need to produce so much and there wouldn't be so much pollution.
10．________ (不屈不挠，坚持不懈) is a kind of quality, and that's what it takes to do anything well.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Yuan Longping made great ________ (contribute) to our country and his achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
2．In the past few months, many actors ________ (donate) much money to Jiuzhaigou Valley.
3．But despite the same goal, I think we might differ on our view of the ________ (real) we face.
4．Human activity is not responsible for all water ________ (short).
5．The number of them is less than 1，000，so I hope you can take some ________ (effect) measures to protect them.
6．A large number of buildings broke ________ in the earthquake.
7．It is obvious that China can make ________ difference in the world today and tomorrow.
8．In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about ________ had happened to the town.
9．Many foreigners have trouble ________ (get) accustomed to it.
10．This is the man ________ whom I learned about the news.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（四）
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
感知教材·必备知识
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．①fund　②earn　③recycle　④contribute; contribution　⑤relief　⑥short; shortage　⑦effect; effective　⑧donate
⑨persevere; perseverance　⑩real; reality
2．①C　②A　③B　④D
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．have trouble doing　2.go public　3.be grateful to　4.make a difference　5.break into a smile　6.under control　7.决定做某事　8.建立　9.使他的梦想成为现实　10.从……中获益　11.出席，在场　12.说服某人做某事
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water
2．so dirty that
3．What they need
4．with which
语篇精读·能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．①good deeds　②clean water　③a well　④build more wells　⑤courage　⑥perseverance
2．Ryan; wells; water shortage
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．B　2.B　3.B　4.A　5.D√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1．瑞安难以相信老师说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。
2．几个月后，他筹到了2 000美元，有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。
3．这份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
1．(1)They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
(2)He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
(3)At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him.
(4)He broke into a joyful smile.
2．(1)Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up.
(2)He was determined to help other children have clean water.
(3)This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six year old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
要点精研·考点突破
1．①building　②contribution　③to　④make a contribution to protecting
2．①relief　②in　③of　④a　⑤It was a relief to be
3．①effective　②effectively　③be affected　④come into effect; In effect; has an effect on; took effect
4．①earnings　②earned　③to earn　④earn his/a living
5．①donations　②donor　③a　④is donated to cancer patients
6．①between　②to　③make a big difference to
7．①What　②what　③to rain
8．①such　②so　③so　④such a　⑤does he speak
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．relief　2.contribution　3.donate　4.earn　5.reality
6．insight　7.internal　8.fund　9.recycled　10.Perseverance
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．contributions　2.have donated　3.reality　4.shortages
5．effective　6.down　7.a　8.what　9.getting　10.from
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共122张PPT)
Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.词汇储备
1．高频词汇及变形
①________ v. 为……提供资金，资助
②________ v. 挣(钱)
③________ v. 再利用，回收利用
④________ v．贡献；撰稿；捐献→________ n．贡献；稿件
⑤________ n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻；缓解
⑥________ adj.短的；缺乏的；简略的；缩写的→shorten v．缩短；变短→________ n．短缺，不足，缺乏
Fund
earn
recycle
contribute
contribution
relief
short
shortage
⑦________ n．结果；效应；影响→________ adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effectively adv.有效地→efficient adj.有效率的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率；效能
⑧________ v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠；捐款；捐赠物
⑨________ v．坚持；孜孜以求→___________ n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
⑩________ adj.真实的；真正的→________ n．真实，现实→really adv.真实地；确实；当真→realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的
effect
effective
donate
persevere
perseverance
real
reality
2．低频词汇知其意
(　　)①internal A．n.喷水池
(　　)②fountain B．n.基金会
(　　)③foundation C．adj.内部的
(　　)④insight D．n.顿悟，猛醒
C
A
B
D
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________ 做某事有困难
2．________________ 公之于世，公开(秘密等)
3．________________ 对……心存感激
4．________________ 有影响；使不同
5．________________ 突然笑起来
6．________________ 在控制中
7．be determined to do sth. ________________
have trouble doing
go public
be grateful to
make a difference
break into a smile
under control
决定做某事
8．set up ________________
9．make his dream a reality ________________
10．benefit from ________________
11．turn out ________________
12．persuade sb. to do sth. ________________
建立
使他的梦想成为现实
从……中获益
出席，在场
说服某人做某事
Ⅲ.句式点拨
1．that引导同位语从句
作为一名6岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。
As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher
__________________________________________________________.
that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water
2．so...that...引导结果状语从句
为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？
And why is the water ________________ it makes them sick
3．What引导主语从句
他们需要的是在他们家附近建一口井。
________________ was a well dug near their homes.
so dirty that
What they need
4．“介词＋which”引导定语从句
几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000，________________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
with which
Ⅰ.语篇框架建构
1．Fill in the blanks.
good deeds
clean water
a well
build more wells
courage
perseverance
2．The main idea of the passage is that ________ built ________ to help solve the problems of ________________ in Africa.
Ryan
wells
water shortage
Ⅱ.文本细节探究
1．What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries
A．The countries were too dry to have enough water.
B．The wells were too far away and the water was dirty.
C．People didn't want to walk to fetch water.
D．People used too much water and polluted it.
√
2．How much does it cost to build a well
A．70 dollars.
B．2，000 dollars.
C．800，000 dollars.
D．1，300 dollars.
√
3．How did Ryan raise more dollars
A．By cleaning windows and doing gardening.
B．By persuading his classmates and neighbours to donate money.
C．By making his story go public.
D．By encouraging people to help.
√
4．How can we describe the Canadian boy
A．Helpful and determined.
B．Joyful and warmhearted.
C．Hardworking and grateful.
D．Delighted and generous.
√
5．Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the title
A．Ryan was determined to give up his plan to build a well in Africa.
B．The well built by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water shortage.
C．The more wells you dig, the better the world will be.
D. The well built by Ryan encouraged more people to help make the world a better place.
√
Ⅲ.学长难句分析
1.
瑞安难以相信老师说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。
2.
几个月后，他筹到了2 000美元，有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。
3.
这份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
Ⅳ.写作特色赏析
1．Find the sentences to describe the mood.
(1)They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
(2)He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
(3)At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him.
(4)He broke into a joyful smile.
2．Find the sentences to show people's perseverance.
(1)Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up.
(2)He was determined to help other children have clean water.
(3)This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six year old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
[词汇积累]
①have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
②fountain/'fa ntIn/ n．喷水池
drinking fountain (设于公共场所的)喷泉式饮水器
③at first起初，最开始
④earn/ n/v.挣(钱)
earn money 挣钱
⑤well n．井
⑥do gardening做园艺工作
⑦target n．目标
⑧charity n．慈善机构
⑨hand pump手压泵，手摇泵
⑩dig v．挖，凿
give up 放弃
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
persuade v．劝说
persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做某事
donate/d 'neIt/ v．捐赠，捐献
go public 公之于众，宣扬出去
raise v．筹集
no longer 不再
grateful adj.感激的
be grateful to sb. 感激某人
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
turn out (为看热闹)蜂拥而出
make a difference 有影响，使不同
break into a smile 突然笑起来
set up 建立
foundation
/fa n'deI ( )n/ n．基金会
go on 继续
benefit from... 从……中获益
not...but... 不是……而是……
insight/'insaIt/n.顿悟，猛醒
perseverance/ p sI'vI r ns/n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈
reality/ri' lIti/n.真实，现实
make sth. a reality 使……成为现实，实现……
[教材原文]
The Well That Changed the World
As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing① the words spoken by his teacher【1】 that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water【2】. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain②. It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water【3】 every day And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick【4】？” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don't I help？”
【1】spoken by his teacher为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词the words。
【2】that引导同位语从句，作名词the words的同位语。
【3】不定式短语to get water作目的状语。
【4】本句为so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中that引导结果状语从句。
At first③， his plan was to earn④ money to build a single well⑤ somewhere in Africa【5】. He cleaned windows and did gardening⑥ for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target⑦ of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity⑧【6】， he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well【7】. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump⑨. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn't help the children 【8】. What they needed was a well dug⑩ near their homes 【9】．
【5】本句中不定式短语to earn money作表语；to build a single well somewhere in Africa作目的状语。
【6】when引导时间状语从句。
【7】that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。句中it作形式主语，不定式短语to build a well为真正的主语。
【8】that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
【9】What引导主语从句，What在从句中作宾语；dug near their homes为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a well。
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up . He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public . After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda【10】. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water【11】. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
【10】with which引导定语从句，修饰$2，000。
【11】to get water为不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。
【10】with which引导定语从句，修饰$2，000。
【11】to get water为不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him【12】. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a differenceB21 for these children. He broke into a joyful smileB22.
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him【12】. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile .
【12】who引导定语从句，修饰名词students, who在从句中作主语，指人。
Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help【13】. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on . Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the lifechanging gift of clean, safe water.
【13】to encourage more people to help为不定式短语作目的状语。
Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help？”， but “How can I help today？”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a sixyearold boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality 【14】．
【14】who引导定语从句，修饰名词a sixyearold boy, who在从句中作主语，指人。
[课文译文]
改变世界的井
作为一名6岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人喝不到足够的干净的水。他看了看教室对面的喷泉式饮水器。它离他很近，只有十步之遥。所以，瑞安自问：“为什么有些非洲孩子每天要走10公里才能取到水？为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？”年幼的瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙呢？”
起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某地建一口井。通过给家人和邻居擦窗户和做园艺，他很快就达到了挣70美元的第一个目标，但是当他把钱捐给一个慈善机构时，他被告知建一口井实际上需要2 000美元。70美元只够买一个手摇泵。瑞安明白手摇泵帮不了孩子们。他们需要的是一口在家附近挖的井。
2 000美元是一大笔钱，但瑞安没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并劝说他们捐款。与此同时，在瑞安母亲的一位朋友的帮助下，他的故事为公众所知了。几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。学校的孩子们不再需要步行几个小时去取水了。他们很感激他，邀请他来参观。
在乌干达，瑞安最终亲眼看到了这口已完工的井。但这并不是全部。他还看到成百上千的兴高采烈的学生过来欢迎他。他们高兴地唱歌跳舞。有些人甚至给他食物和礼物。起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到非常温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。他突然开心地笑了起来。
后来，瑞安的经历促使他成立了一个基金会来鼓励更多的人伸出援手。许多受鼓舞的人支持他。瑞安的基金会继续吸引越来越多的人的支持，所以建造更多井的事业可以继续下去。今天，这份能改变人一生的礼物——干净、卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。
现在，作为一个成年人，瑞安说要问的问题不是“我为什么不帮助他们？”而是“我今天该如何去帮助他们？”。这种领悟源于一个6岁男孩的坚定态度，他有勇气和毅力实现他自己的梦想。
1)contribution n．贡献；捐款；定期缴款；促成作用；稿件)
(应用文之人物介绍)Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize for her outstanding contributions that she made to medicine.
屠呦呦因在医学上的杰出贡献而获得诺贝尔奖。
Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.
最后，一些好的英语学习网站对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。
It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your literature magazine.能应邀为你们的文学杂志写稿我感到非常荣幸。
[考点归纳]
(1)make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing)... 对……作出贡献
(2)contribute v. 贡献，捐赠；投稿
contribute...to/towards... (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to 促成，导致；有助于；是……的原因
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to ________ (build) a warm and harmonious society.
②Failure can make a positive ________ (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it.
③It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum ________ the charity.
④就我而言，每个人都应该为保护环境做出贡献。
(应用文之环境保护)As far as I am concerned, everyone should ______________________________________ the environment.
building
contribution
to
make a contribution to protecting
2)relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心)
(教材原句)The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.
在病人的皮肤被仔细地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒适是在病床上最常被观察到的现象之一。
To my relief, it was through this run that David became much stronger.令我感到欣慰的是，正是通过这次跑步戴维强壮多了。
(读后续写之情感描写)It was a great relief to find that my family were all safe.发现我的家人都安然无恙，我感到了极大的欣慰。
[考点归纳]
(1)to one's (great) relief/much to one's relief令某人感到(大为)欣慰的是
in relief 轻松地
What a relief! 可轻松了！
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心
(2)relieved adj. 放心的，感到欣慰的
relieve sb. of... 使某人摆脱……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To her great ________ (relieve), her younger brother recovered quickly after the operation.
②Hearing that he passed the exam, he smiled ________ relief.
③The new secretary will contribute to relieving us ________ some of the paperwork.
④—Don't worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.
—What ________ relief! I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
⑤能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
________________________ able to talk to someone about it.
relief
in
of
a
It was a relief to be
3)effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的)
(教材原句)Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
现在选择你认为非常有效的解决方案，为非洲提供淡水。
(应用文之学校生活)Personally, I used to try some effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
就我个人而言，我曾经尝试过一些有效的方法来实现我的学业目标。
Modern farming methods can have an effect on the environment.
现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成影响。
[考点归纳]
(1)effect n. 效应，影响，结果
v. 使发生，引起
have an effect on 对……有影响
bring/carry/put...into effect 使……实施/生效
come into effect＝take effect 开始生效；开始实施
in effect＝in fact/in reality 事实上；实际上
side effect 副作用
(2)affect v. 影响
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The local government has taken ________ (effect) measures to resolve the problem.
②The company must reduce costs to compete ________ (effective).
③Sometimes, the adults could also ____________ (affect) by the violent content of the video games.
④The new traffic law has ____________________ (开始实施).__________________ (事实上)，it ________________ (对……有影响) people's life in many ways besides people's focus on road safety. Since it ____________ (生效)，many people have drunk less than before.
effective
effectively
be affected
come into effect
In effect
has an effect on
took effect
4)earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得　v．挣(钱))
(教材原句)At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某地建一口井。
(应用文之人物介绍)His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。
In order to earn my living, I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength.
为了谋生，我总是不得不超出我的极限去工作。
[考点归纳]
(1)earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得某物；为某人带来某物
earn/make money 赚钱
earn a living/make a living 谋生
earn one's fame/a reputation 赢得名声
(2)earnings n. 收入
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was the new policy that contributed to a rise in average ________ (earn).
②The poor family lives on very little money ________ (earn) by the disabled husband.
③I sang in a club ________ (earn) my daily bread when I was young.
④让她感到宽慰的是，她的儿子能够通过做兼职工作养活自己。
To her relief, her son could ________________________ by doing parttime jobs.
earnings
earned
to earn
earn his/a living
5)donate v．捐赠；捐献)
(教材原句)He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.
他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。
(应用文之人物介绍)She donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.
她捐了很多钱给学校，使学生们能够重新回到他们的教室。
The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims.
这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。
[考点归纳]
(1)donate...to... 把……捐献给……
(2)donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Funds are so scarce in the school districts that principals are begging for ________ (donate).
②The secondary school is named after a ________ (donate) who made a contribution of 50 million yuan.
③The headmaster appeals to us students to make ________ donation to the poor boy.
④募集的资金被捐赠给没有保险的癌症患者。
The money raised ________________________ who do not have insurance.
donations
donor
a
is donated to cancer patients
6)make a difference 有作用(关系、影响))
(教材原句)At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children.
起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到非常温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。
The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.这对双胞胎很像，很难区分他们。
We expect to make a difference to the children's life by sharing our knowledge in different fields.
我们希望通过分享我们在不同领域的知识来改变孩子们的生活。
[考点归纳]
make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)
有些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell the difference between...and...
区分……与……的差别
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't really tell the difference ________ their policies and ours.
②It makes no difference ________ me whether the measures are effective or not.
③我现在想集中精力学习英语，这将对我在国外的生活产生很大的影响。
(应用文之语言学习)I want to concentrate on learning English now, which will ___________________ my life abroad.
between
to
make a big difference to
7)(教材原句)What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
他们需要的是一口在家附近挖的井。
[句式解构]　本句中what引导主语从句。
(1)疑问代词what常用来引导名词性从句，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
(2)what引导名词性从句时，既起引导词的作用，又在所引导的从句中作句子成分(主语、表语或宾语)；that在它引导的名词性从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。
A new supermarket has been built in what was wasteland before.
一家新超市在以前是废墟的地方建起来了。(宾语从句)
What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
我想告诉你的是我对父母的深深的爱和尊重。(主语从句)
Thank you for your gift! It is what I have been longing for.
谢谢你的礼物！这正是我一直想要的。(表语从句)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
②—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game
—Oh, that's ________ makes me feel excited.
③更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了。
What makes the matter worse is that it begins ______________．
What
what
to rain
8)(教材原句)And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick？,为什么水这么脏以至于让他们生病了？
[句式解构]　该句是一个复合句。so为副词，修饰形容词dirty; that为连词，引导结果状语从句。
(应用文之活动介绍)The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.
这个展览展出非常精彩的画，能让你更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。
(读后续写之情感描写)Mother was so moved that her eyes were shining with tears of great joy.
母亲感动得双眼闪烁着喜悦的泪水。
[考点归纳]
[名师点津]
so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，该句用部分倒装，that...不倒装。
So excited was I that I could not speak.我是如此激动以至于说不出话来。
Such a difficult problem is it that I find it hard to solve.
它是如此难的一个问题以至于我发现很难解决。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①It was ________ nice weather that we went camping in the mountains.
②He made ________ few mistakes that he got high grades in the exam.
③He's ________ good a person that we shouldn't blame him.
④It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
→It was ________________ hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
⑤He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
→So fast __________________ that no one can catch him.
such
so
so
such a
does he speak
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her mother hugged her tightly and spoke with ________ (缓解)，“Let's go home.”
2．Most Americans advocate the spirit of social service and voluntary __________ (贡献).
3．Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to ________ (捐赠)a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
relief
contribution
donate
4．According to the law of the country, players should be allowed to ________ (挣) money from advertising.
5．It's important to distinguish ________ (现实) from dreams.
6．Ender's success proves that a good leader should have intelligence and ________ (顿悟) and make full use of his or her teammates' talents.
7．We have no interest in interfering in the ________ (内部的) affairs of other countries.
earn
reality
insight
internal
8．An injection of cash is needed to ________ (为……提供资金，资助) some of these projects.
9．If we ________ (回收利用) more waste, we wouldn't need to produce so much and there wouldn't be so much pollution.
10．____________ (不屈不挠，坚持不懈) is a kind of quality, and that's what it takes to do anything well.
fund
recycled
Perseverance
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Yuan Longping made great ___________ (contribute) to our country and his achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
2．In the past few months, many actors __________ (donate) much money to Jiuzhaigou Valley.
3．But despite the same goal, I think we might differ on our view of the ________ (real) we face.
4．Human activity is not responsible for all water ________ (short).
contributions
have donated
reality
shortages
5．The number of them is less than 1，000，so I hope you can take some ________ (effect) measures to protect them.
6．A large number of buildings broke ________ in the earthquake.
7．It is obvious that China can make ________ difference in the world today and tomorrow.
8．In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about ________ had happened to the town.
9．Many foreigners have trouble ________ (get) accustomed to it.
10．This is the man ________ whom I learned about the news.
effective
down
a
what
getting
from
Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，满分10分)
1．This has led companies and individuals to ________ (捐赠) money to developing countries to ensure computer equipment and Internet facilities.
2．He drank more water at the ________ (喷水池) in the fence and began the long walk to his home.
答案：donate
答案：fountain
3．You very carefully take those metals, plastics and try to ________ (回收利用) each one of them apart．
4．How much duty you make to your ________ (基金会) is dependent on you and only you.
5．The ________ (好处) which the reservoir (水库)brings to the annoyed villagers is not limited to agriculture.
答案：recycle
答案：foundation
答案：benefit
6．Great books are those that weave the best materials on which the humankind can work in order to gain ________(顿悟), understanding and wisdom.
7．Patience and ________ (坚持不懈) have a core effect before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish (消失).
8．He was awarded a prize for his ________(贡献)to boxing.
答案：insight
答案：perseverance
答案：contribution
9．Keeping a diary in English is one of the ________ (有效的) strategies to improve our English writing ability.
10．After puberty, the body's ________ (内部的) clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to adjust to falling asleep before 11 p．m.
答案：effective
答案：internal
Ⅱ.短语填空(每空2分，满分16分)
under control, be determined to, be grateful to, turn out, make a difference to, continue to do, in need of, benefit from
1．My family think they know a lot about me but I ____________ to be a little different from what they think.
2．It's hard to measure the importance of good manners. Sometimes it can ____________ one's life.
答案：turn out
答案：make a difference to
3．From 650 BC to 323 BC the Greek civilization made advances in various fields that have influenced the world ever since and will _____ so.
4．The fire was so big that it was several hours before firefighters could get it ____________．
5．If you could take some time to make changes to my résumé (简历), I would ____________ you.
答案：continue to do
答案：under control
答案：be grateful to
6．Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid.
7．It'll be our great privilege (荣幸) to ____________ your expertise in health care.
8．Someone who is stubborn ____________ do what they want and is unwilling to change their mind.
答案：in need of
答案：benefit from
答案：is determined to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分10分)
1．The loss of big trees was the greatest concern in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water ________ (short).
答案：shortage
解析：考查名词。句意：在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失是最大的担心。water在此处作定语，后面跟名词形式。water shortage缺水。
2．The majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.
答案：effective
解析：句意：大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们单独受过训练。speakers为名词，前面需用形容词修饰，作定语。
3．The blood ______ (donate) saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would ensure to donate blood as regularly as he could.
答案：donation
解析：考查名词。句意：献血挽救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就保证尽可能地定期献血。blood为定语，后面跟名词，blood donation献血。
4．Some teachers were honored for their devotion and _____ (contribute) to teaching.
答案：contribution
解析：句意：一些老师因为他们对教学的奉献和贡献而受到表彰。分析句子结构， and连接两个并列的名词，故填contribution。
5．I approve of your trying ________ (earn) some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
答案：to earn/earning
解析：句意：我赞成你努力挣钱/试着挣钱，但是请不要荒废学业。try to do sth.努力做某事， try doing sth.试着做某事，故填to earn/earning。
6．In tonight's Easter special, they come to help out a family in need of some delicious ________ (inspire) on a budget.
答案：inspiration
解析：考查名词。句意：在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们帮助了一个在预算上需要一些灵感的家庭。delicious为形容词，后面跟名词。
7．All through growing up I was never an ________ (attract) person. I was overweight and annoyed.
答案：attractive
解析：考查形容词。句意：从小到大，我从来都不是一个有吸引力的人。我超重了，还很烦恼。person为名词，前面需要形容词修饰。
8．Much ________ my relief, my mother recovered after the accident.
答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：让我颇为欣慰的是，我妈妈在这次意外事故后康复了。to one's relief意为“令某人感到欣慰的是”，故本空应填介词to。
9．What was once regarded as tangled has now become a _____ (real).
答案：reality
解析：考查名词。句意：曾经被认为是复杂的事情现在变成了现实。become a reality意为“变成现实”。
10．One day, the potter forgot to take the rope by accident, with _____ he tied the donkey every day.
答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一天，陶工意外地忘了带那根他每天用来拴驴的绳子。本空在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，故应用关系代词which。
Ⅳ.熟词生义(每空2分，满分8分)
根据句子提供的语境及语意选择与句中黑体词相符合的词性和词义。
1．I am very pleased to accept this contribution from warmhearted people.
A．n. a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization
B．n. an action or a service that helps to cause or increase sth.
________________
答案：A
2．As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students.
A．vt. to get sth. that you deserve (应得)
B．vt. to get money for work that you do
________________
答案：A
3．Reading books is a great way to build up your own fund of knowledge on a wide range of subjects.
A．vt. to provide money for sth.
B．n. an amount or a supply of sth.
________________
答案：B
4．Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter, and agricultural equipment.
A.n. the feeling of happiness when sth. unpleasant stops
B．n. sth. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster
________________
答案：B
Ⅴ.完成句子(每空2分，满分8分)
1．这个小男孩太小了以至于在表达自我方面有困难。(have trouble doing sth.)
The little boy is so young that he _____________________．
2．他从小的梦想是成为一个像Michael Jordan一样伟大的篮球运动员。(不定式作表语)
His dream since childhood has been ____________ like Michael Jordan.
答案：has trouble expressing himself
答案：to become a great basketball player
3．首先，互联网给我们提供了一种更加方便、高效的方式，通过这种方式我们能够处理很多日常事务。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
First of all, the Internet provides us with a more convenient and efficient means ______________ lots of daily affairs.
4．这本以真实故事为依据的书会让你感动得流泪。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
The book ______________________________ can move you to tears.
答案：by which we can address
答案：based on a true story
Ⅵ.课文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Sixyearold Canadian schoolboy Ryan had trouble believing that many people in 1.________ (develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water. So, Ryan decided 2.________ (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He 3.________ (clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon. But he 4.________ (tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well.
He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5.________ (they) to donate money. At 6.________ same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000, with 7.________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school were grateful 8.________ him and invited him to visit. He 9.________ (real) had made a difference for these children.
Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 10.________ (inspire) people gave him their support. Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the lifechanging gift of clean, safe water.
1．答案：developing
解析：考查形容词。句意：6岁的加拿大小学生瑞安很难相信在非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的干净的水。本空修饰African countries，根据句意可知，应用形容词developing“发展中的”。
2．答案：to earn
解析：考查不定式。句意：所以，瑞安决定赚钱在非洲某个地方建一口井。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，故本空应用不定式。
3．答案：cleaned
解析：考查时态。句意：他为家人和邻居擦窗户，做园艺，很快就达到了他第一个70美元的目标。根据空格后的动词did可知，本空应用过去式。
4．答案：was told
解析：考查时态及语态。句意：但是他被告知，70美元不够一口井。根据前后句时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主句主语he和动词tell之间为被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．答案：them
解析：考查代词。句意：他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。本空在句中作动词persuaded的宾语，故应用代词宾格。
6．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：与此同时，瑞安母亲的一位朋友帮助让他的故事为公众所知。at the same time意为“同时，与此同时”，故本空应用定冠词the。
7．答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。本空在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，故应用关系代词which。
8．答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：这个学校的学生很感激他，并且邀请他来参观。be grateful to sb.意为“感激某人”，故本空应用介词to。
9．答案：really
解析：考查副词。句意：他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。本空修饰动词，故应用副词really。
10．答案：inspired
解析：考查过去分词。句意：许多受到激励的人给予他支持。本空修饰名词people，故应用inspired作定语。
层级二　语言能力训练
阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
“I've done such a good job of pretending to be an outgoing person that friends and family are shocked when I tell them I'm not.” Ever since she was a teen, Amanda would adopt the behaviours of the people around her to fit in, while hiding her true personality. And sometimes it was hard to tell who was actually the real Amanda．
This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. Social Maskers aren't trying to cheat anyone ; rather, they are hoping to blend__in with everybody else. “Social Masking is a learned set of patternmatching behaviours，movements and actions where you follow other's suit to fit in rather than stand out，” explains psychotherapist Dipti Tait.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on these Social Masking behaviours. “Social Masking happens because we want to fit in，” says Tait. The mask is a protection against our selfdoubt. However, according to psychologist QuinnCirillo, social media may have made it even harder to be ourselves. She notes that it gives us set images and videos that make us believe this is how we should be. It strengthens the belief that you are not good enough as you are and breaks down your confidence over time. The more Amanda masked, the more she would lose faith.
So how can you break the cycle Getting rid of the mask involves working to improve your selfworth, selfbelief and selfrespect. Once you hear those damaging thoughts that tell you it's not OK to be yourself, take action and stop it. Doing this repeatedly over a period gives those selfdefeating thoughts less power and improves your selfbelief.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Social Masking现象，建议摘掉社交面具，让我们重获信心。
1．Why does the author mention Amanda in paragraph 1？(　　)
A．To tell a story.
B．To give an example.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To provide background information.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.”可知，作者在第一段提到Amanda是为了引出文章的话题——社交面具。故选C项。
2．What can replace the underlined words “blend in” in paragraph 2？(　　)
A．Break up. B．Come along. C．Put up. D．Get along.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“This is Social Masking, the process of covering your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. Social Maskers aren't trying to cheat anyone; rather, they are hoping to blend in with everybody else.”可知，画线词的意思是“相处，进展”，与get along同义。故选D项。
3．What is QuinnCirillo's attitude to Social Masking？(　　)
A．Unconcerned. B．Approving.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“However, according to psychologist QuinnCirillo, social media may have made it even harder to be ourselves.”可知， QuinnCirillo对Social Masking的态度是“反对的”。故选D项。
4．What is the author's advice on removing social masks？(　　)
A．Regaining confidence.
B．Doing exercise regularly.
C．Turning to a professional.
D．Engaging in social activities.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Getting rid of the mask involves working to improve your selfworth, selfbelief and selfrespect.”和最后一句“Doing this repeatedly over a period gives those selfdefeating thoughts less power and improves your selfbelief.”可知，针对摘掉社交面具的建议是“重获信心”。故选A项。
B
Our teenagers are lonely. A study by Harvard's Making Caring Common (MCC) shows how that feeling has been common and become serious during the past years when we had to keep social distance. Teenagers have been more likely to be influenced by loneliness than adults. Online learning and life in the bedrooms rather than the classrooms or dorm rooms for a long period of time can make teenagers feel lonelier than before.
Experiencing loneliness is certainly sad, and it is also perilous. Researchers found that 63% of 18to 24yearolds were suffering from bad sleep, anxiety, and poor health during the lockdown (活动限制) and that nearly a quarter had got into some bad habits, including smoking, drinking and staying up late to deal with their feelings.
About half of the young people in the study, who said they had felt lonely, explained that over the past weeks not one person had taken more than just a few minutes to ask how they had been lately. It made them feel they had no one who really cared about them. Their parents thought they had much free time after lessons and it seemed that their parents only worried whether they could perform their schoolwork at the level they once did. Parents didn't know the problem.
Sian Leah Beilock, the president of Barnard College, explains that young people depend on social media, which makes them especially vulnerable (易受伤害的) to social media's harm. She also suggests that fewer close friends in real life may explain some of the feelings of loneliness. She reports that in 1985 the average American had three close friends with whom they could share important things about their lives. By 2004, that number had dropped to just two friends. And by 2019, one in five millennials (千禧一代) had had no friends at all.
These levels of loneliness are heartbreaking. MCC suggests, as a nation, we first should focus on teaching the young to make meaningful connections between people and support them.
【语篇解读】　哈佛大学MCC的一项新研究表明，长期居家学习和生活导致青少年的孤独感加剧。
5．What does MCC's study show？(　　)
A．Every teenager has moments of loneliness.
B．Parentchild communication becomes less.
C．Teenagers care too much about others' opinions.
D. The lockdown lifestyle increases teenagers' loneliness.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由题干中的MCC's study定位至文章第一段。MCC的研究发现，长期远离教室和宿舍，居家学习和生活，让青少年孤独感加剧。由此可知D项与文意相符。
6．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 2 probably mean？(　　)
A．Helpful. B．Specific.
C．Dangerous. D．Impressive.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，孤独的青少年会睡得不好、焦虑、健康状况差，并且开始养成抽烟、喝酒以及熬夜的坏习惯，由此可推知，感到孤独不仅难受还很危险。故perilous与dangerous意思相近，故选C项。
7．What can we infer about the young people in the study？(　　)
A．Their parents misunderstood them.
B．They found their schoolwork heavy.
C．They needed more care and attention.
D．Their online courses made them bored.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究中的青少年认为没人真正关心他们，父母也只关注他们在学业上的表现。由此可推知，他们需要更多的关心和关注。
8．Which of the following may Sian Leah Beilock agree with？(　　)
A．Teenagers are short of outdoor exercise.
B. Teenagers need to develop close relationships online.
C．Teenagers should make more close friends in real life.
D. Teenagers should avoid sharing important things online.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Sian Leah Beilock认为现在青少年的社交活动依赖网络，他们的孤独感源于缺乏亲密好友。由此可推知，她赞成青少年应在现实生活中多结交亲密朋友的观点。

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