资源简介

(共40张PPT)
*superficially adv. 表面（上）地 56
bow v. 鞠躬 56
rural adj. 农村的，乡村的 56
decent adj. 可接受的，相当好的 57
cottage n. 乡村小屋 57
*deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫的 57
withdraw v. 退出 57
domestic adj. 驯养的；家养的 57
depressive adj. 抑郁的 57
*reluctant adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 57
*depart v. 离开 57
*lane n. （乡间的）小路 57
*atop prep. 在……顶上 57
*mulberry n. 桑葚；桑树 57
purity n. 纯洁；洁净 57
resign v. 使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于 57
botanical adj. 植物（学）的 57
reject v. 拒绝接受 57
ease n. 舒适，悠闲 57
at ease with 不拘束，放松 57
attain v. 得到， 获得 57
*fulfilment n. 满足（感） 57
evaluate v. 评估，评价 58
Words and expressions
1.To learn something about Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau
2.To read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt form nature
3.To learn how to read a comparative essay
4.To learn some useful words and expressions
Learning Objectives
Back to Nature
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early twenties, with poet Ralph Waldo Emerson as a mentor and friend. In 1845, he began his famous two-year stay at Walden Pond, which he wrote about in his masterwork, Walden.
Born into a poor aristocratic family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming(365-427) was one of China`s greatest poets and a noted recluse. A master of the five-word line, Tao has been described as the first great “poet of fields and gardens.”
Activity 1 Read the short introductions to Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau.
Pre-reading
Tao Qian (365~427)
Born into a poor aristocratic(贵族的) family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming was one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse (n. 隐士). A master of the five-word line(五言诗), Tao has been described as the first great “poet of fields and gardens”.
He was an American essayist(散文家，随笔作家), poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early twenties, with poet Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生） as a mentor（导师） and friend. In 1845, he began his famous two-year stay at Walden Pond, which he wrote about in his masterwork, Walden.
Henry David Thoreau 亨利·戴维·梭罗
(1817-1862)
Para. 1 A. Tao’s return to nature
Para. 2 B. The feature of Tao’s nature
Para. 3 C. The inspiration启发of their choices in modern world
Para. 4 D. The feature of Thoreau' s nature.
Para. 5 E. Though living in different time, they showed
respect for nature.
Para. 6 F. Thoreau’s return to nature
Activity 2 Read for the main idea of each paragraph.
What's the main idea of the passage
A. Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both influential poets of their day.
B. Tao Yuanming and Thoreau both treated nature in the same way.
C. Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in
nature in their quiet life.
D. Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both enthusiastic about living to
serve at court（宫廷；朝廷）.
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially(表面上地）, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites/totally different. And yet they shared an intense（很大的，十分强烈的） respect for尊重nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.
Can I buy you lunch in return for your help
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over感到与...有冲突/矛盾/困惑life at court在朝廷. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good永远地, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for作为对...的回报five dou of grain（谷物，粮食）”.
Can I buy you lunch in return for your help
bow v.鞠躬；低(头),垂(首)；(使)弯曲;屈服于
n. 鞠躬；蝴蝶结；弓
When people meet each other in Japan, they are supposed to bow.
They stood in silence with their heads bowed.
Hou Yi took out his magic bow and arrows and shot down nine of the suns.
The golden silk dress matches well with the bow on your head.
v. 鞠躬
v. 低(头),垂(首)
n. 弓
n. 蝴蝶结
2. He spent the next 22 years until his death working the land耕种土地 in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous（adj费力的，艰难的tough）, he succeeded in finding contentment（满足n.） in its simplicity(n. 简单，简朴，朴素） and in drawing pleasure from nature.
content n. 内容，目录
adj. 满意的，满足的
be content/satisfied with满足于
3. While(然而） Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to对...的反应/ 回应a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden:“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.”
be opposed to doing反对做…… No one can be opposed to alternate energy.
3. Both men were happy to withdraw from从...中退出contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
4. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to与...相反and critical of the depressive(抑郁的，压抑的） court life:
be critical of 对……感到不满/挑剔
Tom's parents were highly critical of the school.
depressive adj. 抑郁的；沮丧的
eg He’s no longer a depressive character.
【归纳】
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village，
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane，
And chickens sit atopprep 在顶上the mulberry tree.
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
reluctant adj.不情愿的；勉强的
be reluctant to do sth. 不愿意做某事
reluctance n.
reluctantly adv.
5. Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasized the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper(繁荣，兴旺，昌盛）, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his journals.
5. Live in each season as it passes breathe the air; drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet. drink and botanical medicines.
resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign...to... 把……托付给……
resign from 从……辞职
6. It takes considerable courage to reject拒绝，冷落，嫌弃，厌弃the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective (/r flekt v/ adj. 沉思的，深思的)lives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world. their ideas about living simply and being at ease with不拘束，放松nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being健康，安乐，康乐and fulfilment(/f l f lm nt/ n. 满足感，成就感).
Feeling quite well is about feeling at ease with yourself. fulfill one’s ambition/ dream 实现某人的抱负/ 梦想
1. Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court
A. He was paid only five dou of grain.
B. He was tired of the conflict over life at court.
C. He could live a decent life in the rural area.
D. He was forced to do this by his superior（上司；更好的，
更高的）.
Activity 3 Read for details.
What's the reason for Thoreau's return to nature
A. He wanted to seek a peaceful life.
B. He wanted to live a decent life.
C. He was forced by the conflict to do so.
D. The life he lived then was too arduous.
3. What is the feature of Tao’s works
A. A depressive court life.
B. Frontier style.
C. Jungle scenery.
D. Fields and villages.
肆月
4. What does Thoreau’s work emphasize (Para 5)
___________________________________________
5. What’s the aim of Thoreau’s writing (Para 5)
_______________________________________________________
the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him
To convince that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper
6. The author wants people to____ according to the passage.
A. live a life in the countryside
B. attain personal well-being and fulfilment
C. live with as much material as we can
D. live a free life
Both of them got inspiration from nature for their literary works. Both of them lived simply in nature with few material desires, which helped them to attain their personal fulfillment.
3
Read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt from nature.
4
Organise information from the passage and complete the chart.
He went back to nature because he felt conflicted over life at court.
His return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to.
The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.
Thoreau’s return to nature was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
Thoreau’s description of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.
He wrote about nature in order to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do.
Tao Yuanming
Henry David Thoreau
Check your answers.
Similarities:
Both made dramatical transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.
Both were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their new lives.
Learning to learn
A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. There must be enough similarities and differences between the topics so that they can be discussed in a meaningful way. A number of points should be discussed within a comparative essay.
学会学习
一篇对比类文章做比较，对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。主题之间必须有足够的相似点和不同点，这样才能有意义地进行讨论。在一篇比较文章中应该讨论许多要点。
1 Why did it take Tao and Thoreau great courage to walk away from their previous lives
2 Why are their ideas important to our lives today
Because it was difficult to reject the easy and familiar life they used to live.
Because in today’s modern world, we still need to live harmoniously with nature, and live a simple life. Fewer material desires lead to better personal well-being and fulfilment.
Think & Share
Post-reading
Both passages have the common theme of learning from nature. The first passage focuses on the inspirations people get from nature, while the second focuses more on the natural way of living that people still need today. The second passage calls upon us to live in harmony with nature, which is an important message for today.
3. Compare the two reading passages in this unit. In what ways does each passage contribute to the unit theme
Think & Share
Superficially , Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau shared respect for nature that made them an 1. 　　　　　(influence)figure of their day.
Both men made dramatical transformations to their lives in order to reconnect 2.　　 nature. As an official , Tao felt 3.　　　　　(conflict) over life at court and succeeded 4____ finding contentment in its simplicity . Thoreau lived in a cottage in the forest , focusing on 5_______(he) and his writing . Thoreau’s 6.　　　 　(describe) of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.
7. 　　　　　(devote) himself to observations of the natural phenomena , he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.
influential
with　
conflicted
in
himself
descriptions
Devoting
课文语法填空
We should live with them in 8.　　　　　(harmonious) and enjoy nature’s gifts. It takes considerable courage 9________(reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,
10.　　　　　both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.
harmony
as
to reject
课文语法填空
bow
rural
decent
cottage
withdraw
ease
attain
domestic
depressive
depart
purity
resign
reject
fulfilment
evaluate
polar opposites
feel conflicted over
for good
in return for
draw...from...
reaction to
be opposed to
withdraw from
in other words
in contrast to
devote oneself to
resign oneself to
(be) at ease with

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