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英语高考复习：复合句详解
掌握复合句结构，提升阅读理解与写作能力
复习导航
复合句概述
名词性从句
定语从句
状语从句
从句对比
常见错误
实战练习
高考应试技巧
复合句概述
复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Main Clause）和一个或多个从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。从句不能独立存在，需要依附于主句。
复合句基本结构
主句 + 从属连词 + 从句
或：从属连词 + 从句 + 主句
When it rains, the ground gets wet.
下雨的时候，地面会变湿。
（When it rains 是从句，the ground gets wet 是主句）
复合句的重要性
高考阅读理解中复合句出现频率极高
写作中使用复合句可提升作文档次
语法填空、短文改错重点考察内容
提升长难句分析能力的关键
核心要点
识别从句的关键是找到从属连词（that, which, who, when, where, because, if 等）
注意要点
1. that 在宾语从句中常可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略
2. whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时常可互换，但介词后或与 or not 连用时只能用 whethe
类型 功能 引导词 例句
主语从句 作句子主语 that, whether, who, what等 What he said is true.
宾语从句 作动词宾语 that, if, whether, 疑问词等 I know that he is honest.
表语从句 作系动词表语 that, because, as if等 The truth is that he lied.
同位语从句 解释名词内容 that, whether等 The news that he won excited us.
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
名词性从句分类
关系词 指代对象 在从句中充当成分 例句
who 人 主语、宾语 The man who is talking is my teacher.
whom 人 宾语 The girl whom you met is Lily.
which 物、动物 主语、宾语 The book which is on the table is mine.
that 人、物 主语、宾语 Everything that he said is true.
whose 人、物 定语 The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard.
when 时间 状语 I remember the day when we first met.
where 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born.
why 原因 状语 That's the reason why I was late.
即时练习
合并句子：
The book is interesting.
You recommended it to me.
答案：
The book that you recommended to me is interesting.
定语从句
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词，又称形容词性从句。
关系词用法
类型 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, since When I arrived, the meeting had started.
地点状语从句 where, wherever Put the book where it was.
原因状语从句 because, since, as, for He didn't come because he was ill.
条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as If it rains, we will stay at home.
目的状语从句 so that, in order that He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.
结果状语从句 so...that, such...that He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
让步状语从句 although, though, even though, no matter Although it was raining, they went out.
比较状语从句 than, as...as He is taller than I (am).
重要考点
时间、条件状语从句中，使用一般现在时表示将来：
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
状语从句
在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、条件等。
状语从句分类
对比点 定语从句 同位语从句
功能 修饰限定先行词 解释说明先行词内容
引导词 关系代词/副词 (that, which, who, where...) 连接词 (that, whether...)
that的作用 在从句中充当成分 无实际意义，不充当成分
例句 The news that he told me was exciting. The news that he won the game was exciting.
从句对比与辨析
定语从句 vs 同位语从句
时间状语从句引导词辨析
when: 当...时 （可表示时间点或时间段）
while: 当...时 （强调动作同时进行，后接延续性动词）
as: 随着...；当...时 （强调动作同时发生或变化）
as soon as: 一... 就...
例：
When I arrived, they were having dinner.
While I was reading, he was watching TV.
As I grew older, I became more patient.
复合句常见错误
高考高频易错点
错误1：从句中语序错误
误：I don't know where is he.
正：I don't know where he is.
（宾语从句应使用陈述句语序）
错误2：关系词选择错误
误：This is the school which I studied ten years ago.
正：This is the school where I studied ten years ago.
（从句中缺地点状语，应用where）
错误3：连词重复使用
误：Because he was ill, so he didn't come.
正：Because he was ill, he didn't come.
或：He was ill, so he didn't come.
错误4：关系代词that/which混淆
误：This is the best film which I have ever seen.
正：This is the best film that I have ever seen.
（先行词被最高级修饰时，用that不用which）
复合句实战练习
练习一：合并句子
1. The man is my uncle. He is standing over there.
2. She didn't attend the meeting. The reason was that she was ill.
3. I will call you. I arrive at the airport.
练习二：改正错误
1. I want to know that what is your name.
2. This is the house which he was born.
3. If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.

练习三：翻译句子
1. 这就是我去年住过的宾馆。
2. 无论发生什么，都不要放弃。
3. 他太年轻了，不能理解这个道理。
答案
练习一：1. The man who is standing over there is my uncle.
2. The reason why she didn't attend the meeting was that she was ill.
3. I will call you when I arrive at the airport.
高考应试技巧
阅读理解中的复合句
找出句子主干：主句的主谓宾
识别从属连词，确定从句类型
复杂长句分解为简单句理解
注意插入语和分隔结构
原句：The book, which was written by a famous author, discusses the problems that modern society faces.
分解：
1. The book discusses the problems.
2. The book was written by a famous author.
3. Modern society faces the problems.
写作中的复合句应用
避免过多简单句，适当使用复合句
多样化从句类型：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句交替使用
注意连词的正确使用，避免逻辑错误
确保主谓一致，尤其注意从句中的主谓关系
高分作文复合句示例
"What impresses me most is that he never gives up, even when he faces difficulties that seem impossible to overcome."
（包含主语从句、表语从句、状语从句和定语从句）

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