资源简介

(共143张PPT)
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 疟疾
2．____________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
3．____________ n. 提取物；选录
vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到
4．____________ n. 药草，香草；草本
5．____________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi.& vt. 测试，试验
malaria
deadly
extract
herb
trial
6．____________ adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的
n. 一家人，家庭
7．____________ n. 省，省份
8．____________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
9．____________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
10．____________ vt. 延迟，延期
11．____________ n. 数据，资料，材料
household
province
broad
experiment
postpone
data
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见→________ adj.理论上的→__________ adv.理论上地
2．________ n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→________ v．生存→________ n．幸存者
3．________ n．想要，计划；意指→________ n．目的；意图
4．________ adj.有限的→________ vt.限制　n.[C]限度；极限→________ n．限制；制约
theory
theoretical
theoretically
survival
survive
survivor
intend
intention
limited
limit
limitation
5．________ n．容器；集装箱，货柜→________ vt.包含；容纳
6．________ adj.足够的，充足的→__________ adj.不足的；不够的
7．________ adj.纯的；干净的；完全的；纯正的；纯真的→________ n．纯洁→________ v．使纯净；净化
8．________ vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查→_________ n．探索→________ n．探险者；勘探者
9．________ n.智慧，才智；明智，知识，学问→________ adj.智慧的；明智的
container
contain
sufficient
insufficient
pure
purity
purify
explore
exploration
explorer
wisdom
wise
10．________ adj. 有益的，有用的→________ n. 益处；好处
11．________ vt.& vi.组织，实施；指导；引导；举止→_________ n．传导→________ n．指挥；售货员；导体→________ adj.具有传导性的
12．________ vt.说明，解释；加插图于→________ n．插图实例；图解
beneficial
benefit
conduct
conduction
conductor
conductive
illustrate
illustration
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．_____________________ 对……产生影响
2．_____________________ 对……做出重大贡献
3．_____________________ 多亏，由于
4．_____________________ 死于……
5．_____________________ ……的治疗方法
6．_____________________ 未能做某事
7．_____________________ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
make a difference to
make great contributions to
thanks to
die of/from
a cure for
fail to do sth.
refer to
8．________________ 在低温下
9．________________ 为了不……
10．________________ 成功地做了某事
11．________________ 设法做某事
12．________________ ……的解决办法
13．________________ 日日夜夜，夜以继日
14．________________ 放弃；停止
at a low temperature
in order not to
succeed in doing sth.
manage to do sth.
solutions to
day and night
give up
15．________________ 大量的……
16．________________ 很可能做某事
17．________________ (使)加速
18．________________ 自愿做某事
19．________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
20．________________ 利用；动用
large amounts of
be likely to do sth.
speed up
volunteer to do sth.
pay off
draw on
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
Even ____________________________________， however, they still faced another problem.
2．在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
____________________________________________ because they did not have sufficient safety data.
with large amounts of qinghao extract produced
The trials on patients were likely to be postponed
Ⅰ.语篇结构
discovery
medicine
referred to
safety
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize
A．What she had done to fight against malaria.
B．The decreased death rate of malaria.
C．Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu.
D．Her contribution as the first female scientist.
答案：A　
2．What are the Paragraphs 3～5 mainly about
A．How complex the experiments were.
B．Tu Youyou's difficulties and solutions.
C．The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates.
D．Lack of resources didn't prevent the success of the scientist.
答案：B　
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize.
C．The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness.
D．The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.
答案：A　
4．Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou and her team
A．Fortunate and energetic.
B．Patient and responsible.
C．Reliable and stubborn.
D．Wise and determined.
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.________ (receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.________ malaria.
to receive
studied
for
4.________ (inspire) by a 1，700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.________ (effect) part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.________， the trials on real patients were likely to 7.________________ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.________ (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.
Inspired
effective
However
be postponed
safety
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.________ extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.________ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
the
which
[词汇注释]
①republic/r 'p bl k/n.共和国，共和政体
②award sb....for...
＝award...to sb. for...因……把……授予/颁发给某人
③malaria/m 'le ri /n.疟疾
④deadly/'dedli/adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
a deadly disease致命疾病
⑤thanks to多亏，由于
⑥all over the world
＝throughout the world全世界
⑦survival/s 'va vl/n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
⑧province/'pr v ns/n.省，省份
⑨broad/br d/adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broaden v．使扩大；使变宽
⑩die of死于(疾病、情感、饥寒等)
die from死于(外因)
intend/ n'tend/vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
a cure for...……的治疗方法
recipe n．方法，秘诀；食谱
extract/'ekstr kt/n.提取物；选录
/ k'str kt/vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
herb/h b/n.药草，香草；草本
fail to do sth.未能做某事
promising adj.有希望的；有前途的；有出息的
refer/r 'f (r)/ to查阅，参考；提到，谈及
refer to a dictionary查词典
experiment/ k'sper m nt/n．实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
try doing尝试做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
at a low temperature在低温下
in order not to...为了不……(＝so as not to)
so as not to不用于句首。
trial/'tra l/n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验　vi.& vt.测试，试验
limited/'l m t d/adj.有限的
manage to do sth.设法做某事
find a solution/solutions to...找到……的解决办法(to是介词)
household/'ha sh ld/adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的　n．一家人，家庭
container/k n'te n (r)/n.容器；集装箱，货柜
day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日
because of因为，由于
give up放弃；停止
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
large amounts of＋不可数名词大量的……
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
postpone/p 'sp n/vt.延迟，延期
postpone doing sth.延迟做某事
sufficient/s 'f nt/adj.足够的，充足的
data/'de t /n.数据，资料，材料
speed up(使)加速
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
pay off成功，奏效，达到目的
through trial and error反复试验
error/'er (r)/n.错误，差错
eventually adv.终于，最终
lecture n．讲座，演讲；教训，训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.指责，训斥
give a lecture作演讲，作讲座
go to/attend a lecture出席讲座
explore vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查
draw on利用；动用
wisdom/'w zd m/n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
a man of wisdom有智慧的人
beneficial/ ben 'f l/adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
health care医疗保健
[教材原文]
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
By Dina Conner
11 December 2015
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for② her contribution to the fight against malaria③ [1], one of the deadliest④ diseases in human history. Thanks to⑤ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world⑥ now have had a greatly increased chance of survival⑦.
[1]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a Nobel Prize。
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province⑧， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad⑨ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine [2].
[2]现在分词短语作结果状语。
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of⑩ malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease [3]. She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs . When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
[3]that引导定语从句，修饰a team。
However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment [4], they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up .
[4]when引导时间状语从句。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine [5], will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
[5]现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰scientists。
[汉语译文]
中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
2015年12月11日
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次去查阅中医典籍。
在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了约两亿疟疾患者。发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要　intended adj. 打算的，计划的，意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的
(1)intend doing sth./to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
(2)intend sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
(3)intention n. [C，U]意图
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事
with the intention of... 打算……
(4)be intended for...(＝be meant for...) 是为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事，旨在做某事
It's intended that... 计划……
Mr White is back home now and intends to write a book about his adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
He intends his son to take over his business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.
他们进了城，打算参观图书馆。
These rooms are intended for group discussion and seminars.
这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。
特别提示
intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(而实际上却未做)”。有类似用法的词还有want, hope, plan, expect, mean等，构成had expected/meant to do sth.等。
语境助记
Peter had intended to go to Australia, but something changed his mind.
彼得本来打算去澳大利亚，但有些事使他改变了主意。
Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.
多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁了下来。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't intend anyone ________ (see) the painting until it is finished.
②Everything they do is intended ________ (improve) the living standards.
③This programme was set up with the ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
④他们本来打算帮忙，但是没能及时到达那里。
They __________________________ but couldn't get there in time.
to see
to improve
intention
had intended/planned to help
2 refer to查阅，参考；描述，与……相关，涉及；说及，谈到，说起
refer to a dictionary 查词典
refer to sb. 提到/谈到某人
refer to the catalogue 查阅目录
refer to... as... 将……称为……
refer sb. to sth. 让某人查阅某物
refer...to... 将……交送给……
You can refer to my notes if you review what you have studied.
你如果复习你所学功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要说的话关系到你们所有人。
You know who I'm referring to.
你知道我说的是谁。
The book referred to by the psychologist can teach you how to find what is causing pressure in your life.
那位心理学家提到的那本书可以教你如何找出在你的生活中引起压力的东西。
People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.
人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。
As he cannot answer my question, he refers me to this dictionary.
由于他回答不出我的问题，他便让我查阅这本字典。
特别提示
refer to和look up都可以表示“查阅，参考”，但二者是有区别的：refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等；look up后接word，phrase等需要查找的对象，常用于“look up sth. in.../look sth. up in...”结构。
If you don't know what it means, refer to the dictionary.
＝If you don't know what it means, look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
即学即练　判断下列句子中refer to的含义/结合refer to和look up的相关用法完成句子
①Study skills refer to behaviours that lead to academic success.________________
②In all walks of life, when referring to someone's success, we often use the words “efforts and determination”．________________
③He referred to a history book to find out when the French Revolution broke out.________________
涉及
提到
查阅
④怀特教授在会上提到的那封信是他父亲写的。
The letter ________________ at the meeting by Professor White is written by his father.
⑤阿姆斯特丹因其便利的桥梁和运河系统，常被称为“北方的威尼斯”。
Amsterdam is often __________________________ the “Venice of the North” due to its convenient system of bridges and canals.
referred to
referred to as
3 limited adj.有限的　limit vt. 限制，限定　n．[C]限度，限制；界限，范围
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内(其被动形式为be limited to...)
a time/speed/age limit 时间/速度/年龄限制
without limit 无限地，无限制地
within limits 在合理限度内；在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地
set a limit on... 对……作出限制
set strict limits on 对……作严格限制
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
(2)the limited number/amount/time 有限的数目/数量/时间
(be of) limited use/value 有限的用途/价值
the limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 限于；被限制在
(3)unlimited adj. 尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的，无止境的
limitation n. [U]限制，控制；[C，usually pl.]局限，限度
Just like a sea voyage, our life journey, whose days are limited, is full of difficulties and surprises.
正像一次海上航行，我们有限的生命旅程充满了困难和惊喜。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来阐述清楚他们的观点。
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.
教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
There's no limit to what you can do if you try.
如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。
特别提示
与limit搭配的“to”为介词，后跟名词、动名词。
即学即练　用limit的适当形式填空/结合limit的用法完成句子
①When people live on a very ________ diet, it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins.
②The knowledge of the children is ________，but their imagination is ________.
limited
limited
limitless
③在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion, you had better __________________________ the expense of this trip.
④生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
Life is limited，but there is ______________________________．
set a limit on
no limit to learning
4 postpone vt.延迟，延期
(1)postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟……(到……)
(2)postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We'll have to postpone the meeting until/to next week.
我们不得不把会议推迟到下星期。
Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.
我们等有更多信息之后再做决定吧。
同义词比较
·delay是普通用词，多指因外界原因而推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。
·postpone是正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。
·put off和postpone的意思和用法更加相似，有“延迟、推迟”的意思。区别在于它是一个口语表达，经常出现在日常生活对话中。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He decided to postpone ________ (buy) the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
②The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to ___________ (postpone) until the next month.
buying
be postponed
5 speed up(使)加速
用法讲解
speed up既可作及物短语动词，又可作不及物短语动词。其反义短语是slow down，意为“(使)减速”。
(1)speed vi. 快速前行
vt. 加速，促进
speed by (时间)飞快地过去；飞逝
(2)speed n. [C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
at a/the speed of... 以……的速度
at great speed 以很快的速度
at lightning speed 以闪电般的速度
pick up speed 加快速度
at speed 迅速
Nancy, if you don't speed up, we'll be there at midnight.
南希，如果你不加快速度，我们将会半夜才到那儿。
Facing such a good opportunity, we must speed up production.
面对这么好的机会，我们必须加速生产。
Time always speeds by when you're having a good time.
快乐的时光总是过得飞快。
The train is travelling at a speed of eighty miles an hour.
火车正以每小时80英里的速度行进。
He is driving at high speed.
他正开车高速行驶。
He is a good driver. Most of the time, he drives his car at a speed of 60 kilometres per hour. But yesterday there was a seriously injured person in his car, so he gradually speeded up but within the speed limit. Eventually, he took the injured person to the hospital safely.
他是一位好司机。大部分时间，他以每小时60千米的速度开车行驶。但是昨天他的车上有一个受伤严重的人，因此他逐渐加快速度，但在速度限制范围内。最终，他安全地把受伤的人送到了医院。
即学即练　单句语法填空/结合speed的用法完成句子
①To speed ________ the flow of traffic, the government of our city has decided to broaden some main streets.
②那辆小汽车以每小时100千米的速度行驶。
The car ran ____________________________ 100 kilometres per hour.
③急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是你正在高速行进的时候。
Bringing your car to a sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially when you are travelling _____________________________．
④我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。
We'd better ________________________ if we want to get there in time.
up
at a speed of
at high speed
speed up
6 pay off取得成功，奏效；付清，偿清
pay back 偿还；还钱
pay up 总算付清全部欠款
pay for... 为……付款；支付……的钱，为……付出代价
pay out 付巨款
pay attention to sb./sth. 集中注意力于某人/某事
pay a visit to/pay a call on 拜访，参观
With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.
在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.
他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。
The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。
特别提示
pay off作“成功，奏效，达到目的”讲时，为不及物动词短语；作“付清，还清债务”讲时，为及物动词短语。
即学即练　结合pay的相关短语完成句子
①Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on study will finally ________ in the near future.
②J. K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to ________ the heating at home.
pay off
pay for
7 conduct vt.组织，实施，执行；安排；带领；举行，表现　vi.& vt.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)；引导；举止,n.[U]行为，举止；管理方法　conductor n．[C](乐队等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；导体
(1)conduct an experiment/an interview 进行实验/面试(采访)
conduct a survey/an investigation 进行调查
conduct a campaign 开展活动
(2)conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差
conduct sb. to... 引导某人去……
The government conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the sports centre.
政府进行了一次调查，以了解当地人对体育中心的反应。
On the second day of this journey, the guide conducted us around the West Lake.
在这次旅行的第二天，导游带领我们游览了西湖。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.
他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.
安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
His conduct disagrees with his words.
他言行不一。
His conduct of the business was very successful.
他经商非常成功。
特别提示
conduct词性不同时，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。此类单词常见的还有：
transport n．输送　vt.输送　import n．进口　vt.& vi. 进口
increase n．增加　vi.& vt.增加
export n．出口(产品)　vt.& vi. 出口
record n．记录；唱片；纪录 vt.记录
suspect n．可疑对象，嫌疑分子　vt.怀疑
即学即练　选出能替换下列句子中画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that couldn't have been possible just a few years ago. (performing/describing)________________
②My friend conducted us around the oldest museum in the country. (led/invited)________________
performing
led
③I'm glad to see your conduct at school improved. (operation/behaviour)________________
④我们正在进行一项调查，以了解顾客对当地公共汽车服务系统的看法。
We are ________________________________________________ to find out what customers think of the local bus service.
behaviour
conducting/doing a survey
8 survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物　survive vt.& vi.幸存；生存；比……活得长
(1)the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争/战斗/拼搏
a survival from sth. 某事物的残存物(遗风、遗迹)
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
(2)survive the accident/earthquake 在事故/地震中大难不死
survive from 从……(时期)保存下来
survive sb. by＋时间段 比某人多活了……
For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
对于突然发生的心力衰竭，唯一的最佳生存机会是让附近的人介入并迅速做心肺复苏。
Without clean water, we would be unable to survive.
没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________ (survive).
②我相信我能战胜这个挑战。
I believe I can ________________ this challenge.
③有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留下来的。
Some strange customs have ________________ earlier times.
survival
survive from
survived from
9 error n．错误，差错
through/by trial and error 经反复试验
error of judgment 判断失误
human error 人为过失
an error message 出错信息
be in error 犯错，失误
make an error 犯错误
I think you have made an error in calculating the total.
我想你在计算总数时出了差错。
The computer system was switched off in error (＝by mistake).
计算机系统被错误关闭。
警示
error相当正式，主要用于与计算机相关的语境中，或用于human error等固定搭配。在日常英语中，人们一般用mistake来表示“错误”。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any dangerous ________ (error).
②反复试验才能找到真理。
________________ leads to the finding of truth.
errors
Trial and error
10 draw on利用；动用
(1)draw on his experience 利用他的经验
draw on my savings 动用我的存款
(2)draw back 移开，后退
draw sb. in (sth.) 使某人卷入/参与(某事)
draw to a close/an end 结束，终止
draw a conclusion 得出结论
draw one's attention to... 把某人的注意力吸引到……
The older boy can draw on his past experience to help his little brother.
哥哥可以利用过去的经验来帮助弟弟。
I'd like to draw your attention to certain points about taking notes.
我想提醒你们注意记笔记的某些要点。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'll have to draw ________ my savings.
②The novelist draws heavily ________ her personal experiences.
③We started to meet regularly to draw ________ our plans.
on
on
up
11 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的　benefit n．益处，好处；福利　v．使受益，得益于
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益
have a beneficial effect on 对……有有利影响
(2)have the benefit of sth. 获益于某事物
get/gain/derive benefit (from sth.) (从某事物处)得到好处
for one's benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益
be of benefit (to sb.) (对某人)有益
benefit from/by 从……中获益
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cycling is highly beneficial ________ health and the environment.
②The overall effects of the publicity have been more ________ (benefit) than harmful.
③年轻人能从各种户外活动中受益。
Young people ___________ various kinds of outdoor activities.
to
beneficial
benefit from
12 wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智　wise adj.明智的；有判断力的　wisely adv.明智地
the wisdom of (doing) sth. (做)某事的智慧
a woman of great wisdom 才女
words of wisdom 至理名言
the conventional/traditional wisdom 普遍的看法/传统的信念
in sb.'s wisdom 以某人的智慧(表示不理解他人为何决定做某事)
There is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your wisdom!
这个世界上只有一种东西是别人无法从你身上拿走的，那就是你的智慧！
Learning to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day.学会明智地管理时间，那么你可以充分利用每一天。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They are the representatives of ancient civilization and the ________ (wise) of ancient folks.
②It's wise ________ (check) whether the flight times have changed before you leave for the airport.
③Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources ________ (wise).
wisdom
to check
wisely
13 illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于　illustration n．图表，插图；示例
illustrate that 说明(事实)
illustrate...with... 用……诠释……
His latest book is illustrated with many photographs.
他最近出版的那本书附有很多照片。
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic...
在一件2018年的作品里，Von Wong想说明一个特定的统计数据……
比较
·explain含义广，最普通用词，指把某事向原来不了解、不清楚的人解释明白、说清楚等。
·illustrate多指用实例或插图、表加以说明。
拓展
the art of book illustration
书籍插图的艺术
by way of illustration作为说明
即学即练　单句语法填空
The statistics are a clear _________ (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
illustration
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句。with... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，在句中作状语。
[考点提炼]　“with＋宾语(名词/代词)＋过去分词”结构
此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词(短语)表示被动或动作已完成。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。(the door与lock是逻辑上的动宾关系)
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(hair与cut是逻辑上的动宾关系)
[归纳拓展]　with复合结构的其他形式：
with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动、动作正在进行)。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。
She fell asleep with the light burning.
她睡着了，灯还亮着。
(3)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.
她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。
With many children to look after, she had to stay at home.
有好多孩子要照看，她只好待在家里。
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语(表示宾语所处的状态)
Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候不要把你的双手插在口袋里。
即学即练　单句语法填空/写作升级(with复合结构)
①The problem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists ________ (try) to increase awareness of this problem.
②With so many problems ________ (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With the virus ________ (spread) rapidly in this region, a large amount of equipment as well as medical experts from abroad has been sent here so far.
trying
to discuss
spreading
④But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills ________ (attach) to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
⑤The boy led the way and we found the house easily.
→__________________________， we found the house easily.
⑥There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I can't go to the cinema tonight.
→____________________ tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.
⑦As all the work was finished, he went home happily.
→__________________________， he went home happily.
attached
With the boy leading the way
With an exam to take
With all the work finished
2 (教材原句)The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
[句式分析]　本句为“sb. is likely to do sth.”(某人有可能做某事)的变异形式。
辨：可能性大小：probable>likely>possible
Sb./Sth. be possible to do sth.(×)
Sb./Sth. be probable to do sth.(×)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
“likely”的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible, probable通常只能用it作形式主语
例：她有可能通过这次考试。
She is likely to pass the exam.
It is possible for her to pass the exam.
It is likely/possible/probable that she will pass the exam.
特别提示
likely, probable, possible用法。可以说：
①It is probable/likely/possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is probable/likely/possible that...
③sb. is likely to do sth.但不可以说sb. is probable/possible to do sth.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely ________(beat) the biggest car companies.
③Women who drank a lot of coffee were more likely ________ (have) children with birth defects.
to make
to beat
to have
3 (教材原句)However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
然而，直到20世纪70年代，经过多次失败的试验后，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
[句式分析]　(1)强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
(2)对not...until...进行强调时应将not一起置于被强调的部分里面。that后其他部分是不含有not的肯定陈述句。
It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
直到你给我指出它，我才意识到自己的错误。
Not until he suffered from a deadly disease did he know nothing is more precious than a healthy body.
直到他患了一种致命的疾病，他才知道没有什么比健康的身体更宝贵。
拓展
含有not...until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果把not until置于句首，则主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装。已经把not提前，主句为肯定的陈述句。
Not until I failed a second time did I realize that I had wasted too much precious time.
直到我又一次失败我才意识到我已经浪费了太多宝贵的时间。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—________ he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
②It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
③直到我开始学习，我才意识到有多少工作要做。
__________________________ realize how much work there was to do.
④直到我离开家，我才意识到我会这么想念家人。
Not until I left home ______________ how much I would miss my family.
that
that
Not until I began to learn did I
did I realize
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have been ________ (彻底的，完全的) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure.
2．The ceremony in this province is a ________ (遗留物) from pre-Christian times.
3．The thunderstorm bringing great loss was in several ________ (省份) along the Yangtze River.
4．She took a ________ (广泛的) view of the duties of being a politician.
deadly
survival
provinces
broad
5．She was ________ (想要，计划) to play a leading role in the space exploration.
6．What's her ________ (方法，秘诀) for selling household appliances
7．I didn't follow a recipe book so it was an _________ (尝试，实践).
8．Limited by experiment devices, we should have the machine on ________ (实验，试用) for another week.
9．Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (有限的).
intended
recipe
experiment
trial
limited
10．He decided to ________ (推迟) the lecture until the following day.
11．He had ________ (充分的) data for the research.
12．The ________ (数据) also showed that eating dark chocolate may exert additional beneficial effects throughout the whole body.
13．I explore the black color differently, not as a ________(纯粹的) color, but as the existence of shadow.
14．He continues to ________ (开讲座), conduct research, teach and publish scientific papers.
15.They are happy to discuss and ________ (探索) multiple possibilities and are keen to challenge conventional wisdom.
postpone
sufficient
data
pure
lecture
explore
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．This book ____________ children who are interested in insects.
2．The experiment is worth a trial, and in my opinion, it ____________ the entire country.
3．We shall have to ____________ our savings if we decide to conduct this experiment.
is intended for
is beneficial to
draw on
4．This work is starting to ____________ with our continuous experiments.
5．I have used this term to ____________ the data that we are collecting about use and usage.
6．I was determined to _________________： What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month
7．It is an urgent task to ____________ the application of the modern educational technology.
8．Only __________________ can you realise who you really are, which activities you prefer.
pay off
refer to
conduct an experiment
speed up
through trial and error
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some households are addicted to the new TV program about ________(survive) in the wild.
2．Peter had intended ________(take) a job in business, but abandoned that plan by accident for an unpleasant experience in Canada in 2020.
3．Can you tell us your recipe ________ the theory study
4．When I am faced with difficulties in illustrating the specific theory, I usually choose to refer ________ web pages.
survival
to take
for
to
5．“The Thinking Laboratory” refers to a workshop in which the kids carry out ___________(experiment).
6．To lose weight, he intends to limit himself ________ three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new hospital in this province.
8．She recovered _________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Jiangsu Province.
experiments
to
building
sufficiently
9．Bill Robinson will first be put ________ trial for murder, based on the sufficient data.
10．The cobra, containing deadly poison, is one of the world's ________ (deadly) snakes.
11．As to the tradition, Hindus usually ________ (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
12．We are going to listen to a lecture ________ the space exploration this afternoon.
on
deadliest
purify
on/about
13．He was always putting forward many creative ideas for us to explore instead of standing in front of us ________ (lecture) for a period.
14．Mr. Sand always encouraged us ________ (explore) the evolution of the animals.
15．When humans are in times of disaster, they always show the ________ (wise) to stay positive and the intelligence to rebuild for a brighter future.
lecturing
to explore
wisdom
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by)
The old lady has ____________________________ten years for using herbs in daily cookery.
2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.)
He has made up his mind to ____________________________ manage the workshop.
survived all her sisters and brothers by
intend his son to
3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with)
________________________________，what materials would you use
4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.)
________________________________ in the lecture next week.
5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...)
________________________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common.
If you want to experiment with electricity
He is likely to appear
It was not until then that
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
What are your retirement plans Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new You may put them on hold. There's a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars.
On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first-ever Mars show home, giving earthlings (地球人) an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. In the not-so-distant year of 2037, the igloo-shaped structure could be the home of your future.
It shows a house built with recycled spacecraft (航天器) parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognizable—a kitchen, a bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are important to human survival.
As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth's, people will need permanent (永久的) shelter from the sun; society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won't have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.
Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays (光线) that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air-locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.
“We don't think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We'll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci-fi. “10 to 20 years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，” Petranek says.
“We've had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven't had the will，” Petranek says. But two main factors have “completely swung public attitudes”．
The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society's eye.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来人们在火星上的生活是什么样子的。
1．What can we know about the show home from the text？(　　)
A．It has no windows or doors due to security concern.
B．Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.
C．It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.
D．Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.
答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。结合第三段中的“It shows a house built with recycled spacecraft (航天器) parts and Martian soil，called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks”可知，房屋的设计显示了环境保护的理念。
2．What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？(　　)
A．Put them off. B．Give them away.
C．Carry them through. D．Take them seriously.
答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。结合画线词前面的“Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new”可知，这是一些退休后的具体打算，同时根据画线词后面的“you might have to move further than you were thinking”可知，画线词表示推迟这些打算，因此选A。
3．According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars？(　　)
A．The great influence of the Mars show home.
B．The development of related technology.
C．The competition from private companies.
D．The popularity of influential books on Mars.
答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。结合最后一段中的“The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game”可知，私人公司的参与迫使政府机构积极起来。
4．What is the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Living on Mars: Possible or Not
B．Sending People to Mars: Yes or No
C．First-ever Show Home: How Is It Made
D．Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be Like
答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“the first-ever Mars show home, giving earthlings (地球人) an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet”和下面几个段落的内容可知，本篇文章主要讲述了未来在火星上居住是什么情况，因此选D。
B
While the temperature in Chicago on March 4, 2018 was 5 degrees, the water was even colder—2 degrees. That didn't stop over 4，800 people on North Avenue Beach jumping into Lake Michigan.
The Chicago Polar Plunge is a yearly event to raise money for Special Olympics Chicago. Each of the participants (参与者) collect at least $200 from friends and family members to get the chance to jump into the lake's icy water. More than $1.5 million was raised for a great cause: Special Olympics Chicago and the over 7，500 athletes it serves.
Special Olympics, a nonprofit organization, was founded in 1968. The group's purpose is to provide athletic training and competition in 22 sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities (缺陷).
After some initial speeches, the first group of participants ran into the lake. Many of the participants were members of teams that dressed up in costumes (服装), including Minions and Waldo from the Where's Waldo book series.
Chloe Krecun, 12, from Chicago, was shaking when she got out of the water. “I can't feel my feet or fingers and my shoes are filled with water，” she said afterwards. But she would do it again to support the Special Olympic athletes.
As other participants headed towards the water to “take a plunge” , one of them shared why he participated in the event. “My cousin has benefited from the Special Olympics, so my family and I are here to support him by plunging，” said Brandon Marty.
Brunida Cotton, a special education teacher, was also paying attention to the Special Olympics as she prepared to plunge. “It gives the athletes confidence; they belong to a team and they enjoy being able to do things other kids do，” Cotton said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。三月的芝加哥非常寒冷，但有一群人却为了一项公益活动毫不犹豫地纵身跃入密歇根湖冰冷的湖水中。
5．What do we know about the Chicago Polar Plunge？(　　)
A．It involves more than 7，500 athletes.
B．It was first held in 1968.
C．It asks participants to wear costumes.
D．It requires each participants to collect $200 or more.
答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。由第二段中的“Each of the participants (参与者)...the chance to jump into the lake's icy water”可知，如果人们想获得参与机会，必须从朋友和家人那里筹集至少200美元。
6．How did Chloe Krecun find her experience in the water？(　　)
A．Comfortable. B．Challenging.
C．Dangerous. D．Exciting.
答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。由第五段中的“was shaking when she got out of the water...and my shoes are filled with water”可知，她从水里出来之后，全身发抖，手脚冻得没有了知觉，鞋子里也灌满了水。由此可推断出，跳入冰冷的水中对她来说具有挑战性。
7．Why did Brandon Marty take part in the event？(　　)
A．To support his cousin.
B．To encourage others to join in the activity.
C．To collect money for the Special Olympics.
D．To get a chance to enter the Special Olympics.
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“My cousin has benefited from the Special Olympics, so my family and I are here to support him by plunging”可知，Brandon Marty来参加活动是为了以示支持。
8．What does this passage mainly talk about？(　　)
A．An introduction of the Special Olympics.
B．A speech to encourage people to help others.
C．A report about a plunging event.
D．An action to raise money for athletes.
答案：C
解析：考查主旨大意。综合全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了2018年的芝加哥极地跳水活动，对这项活动进行了简单介绍，描述了当天的气温以及人们的参与情况等，同时也描述了部分参与者参加活动的初衷和感受。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I __1__ to open my eyes in the morning. Why didn't the alarm on my cellphone go off
Soon, I realize today is the day for my __2__ : “A day without technology.”
I didn't realize what I had gotten myself into until I was driving to school in my car in __3__， no radio broadcasting my favorite songs.
As soon as I got to school, I went to print out my English project. “Uh-oh，” I thought, “this isn't allowed.”
The school day went on and I finally grew __4__ the rule. This wasn't so __5__ ! I could do this every day.
I drove home after school, and my __6__ eventually went into afterschool mode, __7__ on what I would eat for supper. The __8__ thing I knew was chatting with my friends on Facebook and checking email, all at the same time!
“What happened to no __9__？ ” my mom asked me. I forced myself to go back to reality. I had __10__.
This experiment was actually __11__ to me. Even though my attempt at going about my day without technology was a failure, I realized that I would be completely __12__ without my addiction to technology.
These devices certainly make my life __13__， and I definitely wouldn't __14__ getting rid of them altogether, but I do believe the lives of today's teenagers would be obviously __15__ without our technology dependence.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己体验了没有科技的一天，虽然最后失败了，但是作者感悟到这些设备确实使我们的生活变得更容易，不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，不对科技太依赖的话，现在青少年的生活会有明显的不同。
1．(　　)
A．try B．pretend
C．refuse D．decide
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。try尝试，试图；pretend假装；refuse拒绝；decide决定。句意：早上我试图睁开眼睛。作者试图(try)睁开眼睛，B、C和D不符合语境，故选A。
2．(　　)
A．expectation B．exploration
C．experience D．experiment
答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。expectation期望；exploration探索；experience经验；experiment实验。句意：很快，我意识到今天是我实验的日子：没有科技的一天。此处对应下文This experiment was actually中的experiment，故选D。
3．(　　)
A．doubt B．silence
C．surprise D．excitement
答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。doubt怀疑；silence安静；surprise吃惊；excitement兴奋。句意：直到我安安静静地开车去学校的时候，我才意识到自己处于什么境况中，没有收音机播放我最喜欢的歌曲。由下文no radio broadcasting my favorite songs 可知车里很安静 (in silence)，故选B。
4．(　　)
A．interested in B．annoyed with
C．impatient with D．used to
答案：D
解析：考查固定词组辨析。(be) interested in对……感兴趣；(be) annoyed with烦恼……；(be) impatient with对……不耐烦；(be) used to习惯于。句意：在学校的一天逐渐过去，我最终适应了这个规则。此处的rule指的是不能用科技，作者经过一天的适应，逐渐习惯(used to)了没有科技，其他选项不符合语境，故选D。
5．(　　)
A．hard B．easy
C．strange D．comfortable
答案：A
解析：考查形容词辨析。hard困难的；easy容易的；strange奇怪的；comfortable舒服的。句意：这并不难！由下一句“I could do this every day.”可知作者认为此事并不难(hard)，故选A。
6．(　　)
A．rule B．plan
C．mind D．role
答案：C
解析：考查名词辨析。rule规则；plan计划；mind脑海，思维；role角色。句意：放学后我开车回家，我的思维最终进入了放学模式，专注于(想)晚上吃什么。此处是作者脑海(mind)里想的，故选C。
7．(　　)
A．agreeing B．concentrating
C．counting D．depending
答案：B
解析：考查固定词组辨析。agree on就……取得一致意见；concentrate on注意力集中于……；count on指望；depend on依赖。句意：放学后我开车回家，我的思维最终进入了放学模式，专注于(想)晚上吃什么。此处作者集中注意力(concentrate on)想这些事。故选B。
8．(　　)
A．one B．first
C．last D．next
答案：D
解析：one一；first第一；last最后；next下一个。句意：我知道接下来，我和朋友在脸书上聊天，查看邮件……接下来的安排用next最符合语境，故选D。
9．(　　)
A．homework B．control
C．pressure D．technology
答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。homework家庭作业；control控制；pressure压力；technology科技。句意：没有科技会怎么样啊？此处对应上文“A day without technology.”，故选D。
10．(　　)
A．improved B．started
C．failed D．finished
答案：C
解析：考查动词辨析。improve提高；start开始；fail失败；finish完成。句意：我失败了。此处对应下文“Even though my attempt at going about my day without technology was a failure...”中的failure，故选C。
11．(　　)
A．available B．convenient
C．beneficial D．avoidable
答案：C
解析：考查形容词辨析。available可获得的；convenient方便的；beneficial有益的；avoidable可避免的。句意：我实际上从这个实验中受益了。由下文可知作者认为摆脱科技产品，我们能从中受益(beneficial)，故选C。
12．(　　)
A．fine B．terrible
C．creative D．successful
答案：A
解析：考查形容词辨析。fine好的；terrible可怕的；creative创造性的；successful成功的。句意：我意识到不沉溺于科技产品对我而言是完全可以的。此处指的是作者没有科技是可以的(fine)，故选A。
13．(　　)
A．troublesome B．easier
C．difficult D．complex
答案：B
解析：考查形容词辨析。troublesome麻烦的；easier更简单；difficult困难的；complex复杂的。句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。此处作者想说这些科技给我的生活带来了便利，故选B。
14．(　　)
A．suggest B．mind
C．practice D．prevent
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析。suggest建议；mind介意；practice练习；prevent阻止。 句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。此处作者不建议(suggest)彻底摒弃科技，故选A。
15．(　　)
A．boring B．complicated
C．difficult D．different
答案：D
解析：考查形容词辨析。boring令人厌烦的；complicated复杂的；difficult困难的；different不同的。句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。上文讲了没有了科技，生活会发生一些改变，所以此处选择different。故选D。Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 疟疾
2．____________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
3．____________ n. 提取物；选录
vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到
4．____________ n. 药草，香草；草本
5．____________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi.& vt. 测试，试验
6．____________ adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的
n. 一家人，家庭
7．____________ n. 省，省份
8．____________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
9．____________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
10．____________ vt. 延迟，延期
11．____________ n. 数据，资料，材料
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见→________ adj.理论上的→________ adv.理论上地
2．________ n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→________ v．生存→________ n．幸存者
3．________ n．想要，计划；意指→________ n．目的；意图
4．________ adj.有限的→________ vt.限制　n.[C]限度；极限→________ n．限制；制约
5．________ n．容器；集装箱，货柜→________ vt.包含；容纳
6．________ adj.足够的，充足的→________ adj.不足的；不够的
7．________ adj.纯的；干净的；完全的；纯正的；纯真的→________ n．纯洁→________ v．使纯净；净化
8．________ vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查→________ n．探索→________ n．探险者；勘探者
9．________ n.智慧，才智；明智，知识，学问→________ adj.智慧的；明智的
10．________ adj. 有益的，有用的→________ n. 益处；好处
11．________ vt.& vi.组织，实施；指导；引导；举止→________ n．传导→________ n．指挥；售货员；导体→________ adj.具有传导性的
12．________ vt.说明，解释；加插图于→________ n．插图实例；图解
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 对……产生影响
2．________________ 对……做出重大贡献
3．________________ 多亏，由于
4．________________ 死于……
5．________________ ……的治疗方法
6．________________ 未能做某事
7．________________ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
8．________________ 在低温下
9．________________ 为了不……
10．________________ 成功地做了某事
11．________________ 设法做某事
12．________________ ……的解决办法
13．________________ 日日夜夜，夜以继日
14．________________ 放弃；停止
15．________________ 大量的……
16．________________ 很可能做某事
17．________________ (使)加速
18．________________ 自愿做某事
19．________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
20．________________ 利用；动用
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
Even ____________________________________， however, they still faced another problem.
2．在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
__________________________________________________________ because they did not have sufficient safety data.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize
A．What she had done to fight against malaria.
B．The decreased death rate of malaria.
C．Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu.
D．Her contribution as the first female scientist.
2．What are the Paragraphs 3～5 mainly about
A．How complex the experiments were.
B．Tu Youyou's difficulties and solutions.
C．The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates.
D．Lack of resources didn't prevent the success of the scientist.
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize.
C．The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness.
D．The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.
4．Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou and her team
A．Fortunate and energetic.
B．Patient and responsible.
C．Reliable and stubborn.
D．Wise and determined.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.________ (receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.________ malaria. 4.________ (inspire) by a 1，700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.________ (effect) part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.________， the trials on real patients were likely to 7.________ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.________ (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.________ extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.________ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
教材助读·开放课堂
[词汇注释]
①republic/r 'p bl k/n.共和国，共和政体
②award sb....for...
＝award...to sb. for...因……把……授予/颁发给某人
③malaria/m 'le ri /n.疟疾
④deadly/'dedli/adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
a deadly disease致命疾病
⑤thanks to多亏，由于
⑥all over the world
＝throughout the world全世界
⑦survival/s 'va vl/n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
⑧province/'pr v ns/n.省，省份
⑨broad/br d/adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broaden v．使扩大；使变宽
⑩die of死于(疾病、情感、饥寒等)
die from死于(外因)
intend/ n'tend/vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
a cure for...……的治疗方法
recipe n．方法，秘诀；食谱
extract/'ekstr kt/n.提取物；选录
/ k'str kt/vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
herb/h b/n.药草，香草；草本
fail to do sth.未能做某事
promising adj.有希望的；有前途的；有出息的
refer/r 'f (r)/ to查阅，参考；提到，谈及
refer to a dictionary查词典
experiment/ k'sper m nt/n．实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
try doing尝试做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
at a low temperature在低温下
in order not to...为了不……(＝so as not to)
so as not to不用于句首。
trial/'tra l/n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验　vi.& vt.测试，试验
limited/'l m t d/adj.有限的
manage to do sth.设法做某事
find a solution/solutions to...找到……的解决办法(to是介词)
household/'ha sh ld/adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的　n．一家人，家庭
container/k n'te n (r)/n.容器；集装箱，货柜
day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日
because of因为，由于
give up放弃；停止
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
large amounts of＋不可数名词大量的……
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
postpone/p 'sp n/vt.延迟，延期
postpone doing sth.延迟做某事
sufficient/s 'f nt/adj.足够的，充足的
data/'de t /n.数据，资料，材料
speed up(使)加速
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
pay off成功，奏效，达到目的
through trial and error反复试验
error/'er (r)/n.错误，差错
eventually adv.终于，最终
lecture n．讲座，演讲；教训，训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.指责，训斥
give a lecture作演讲，作讲座
go to/attend a lecture出席讲座
explore vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查
draw on利用；动用
wisdom/'w zd m/n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
a man of wisdom有智慧的人
beneficial/ ben 'f l/adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
health care医疗保健
[教材原文]
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
By Dina Conner
11 December 2015
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for② her contribution to the fight against malaria③ [1], one of the deadliest④ diseases in human history. Thanks to⑤ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world⑥ now have had a greatly increased chance of survival⑦.
[1]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a Nobel Prize。
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province⑧， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad⑨ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine [2].
[2]现在分词短语作结果状语。
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of⑩ malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease [3]. She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs . When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
[3]that引导定语从句，修饰a team。
However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment [4], they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up .
[4]when引导时间状语从句。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine [5], will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
[5]现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰scientists。
[汉语译文]
中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
2015年12月11日
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次去查阅中医典籍。在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了约两亿疟疾患者。发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要　intended adj. 打算的，计划的，意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的
(1)intend doing sth./to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
(2)intend sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
(3)intention n. [C，U]意图
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事
with the intention of... 打算……
(4)be intended for...(＝be meant for...) 是为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事，旨在做某事
It's intended that... 计划……
Mr White is back home now and intends to write a book about his adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
He intends his son to take over his business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.
他们进了城，打算参观图书馆。
These rooms are intended for group discussion and seminars.
这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。
特别提示
intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(而实际上却未做)”。有类似用法的词还有want, hope, plan, expect, mean等，构成had expected/meant to do sth.等。
语境助记
Peter had intended to go to Australia, but something changed his mind.
彼得本来打算去澳大利亚，但有些事使他改变了主意。
Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.
多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁了下来。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't intend anyone ________ (see) the painting until it is finished.
②Everything they do is intended ________ (improve) the living standards.
③This programme was set up with the ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
④他们本来打算帮忙，但是没能及时到达那里。
They __________________________ but couldn't get there in time.
2 refer to查阅，参考；描述，与……相关，涉及；说及，谈到，说起
refer to a dictionary 查词典
refer to sb. 提到/谈到某人
refer to the catalogue 查阅目录
refer to... as... 将……称为……
refer sb. to sth. 让某人查阅某物
refer...to... 将……交送给……
You can refer to my notes if you review what you have studied.
你如果复习你所学功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要说的话关系到你们所有人。
You know who I'm referring to.
你知道我说的是谁。
The book referred to by the psychologist can teach you how to find what is causing pressure in your life.
那位心理学家提到的那本书可以教你如何找出在你的生活中引起压力的东西。
People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.
人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。
As he cannot answer my question, he refers me to this dictionary.
由于他回答不出我的问题，他便让我查阅这本字典。
特别提示
refer to和look up都可以表示“查阅，参考”，但二者是有区别的：refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等；look up后接word，phrase等需要查找的对象，常用于“look up sth. in.../look sth. up in...”结构。
If you don't know what it means, refer to the dictionary.
＝If you don't know what it means, look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
即学即练　判断下列句子中refer to的含义/结合refer to和look up的相关用法完成句子
①Study skills refer to behaviours that lead to academic success.________________
②In all walks of life, when referring to someone's success, we often use the words “efforts and determination”．________________
③He referred to a history book to find out when the French Revolution broke out.________________
④怀特教授在会上提到的那封信是他父亲写的。
The letter ________________ at the meeting by Professor White is written by his father.
⑤阿姆斯特丹因其便利的桥梁和运河系统，常被称为“北方的威尼斯”。
Amsterdam is often __________________________ the “Venice of the North” due to its convenient system of bridges and canals.
3 limited adj.有限的　limit vt. 限制，限定　n．[C]限度，限制；界限，范围
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内(其被动形式为be limited to...)
a time/speed/age limit 时间/速度/年龄限制
without limit 无限地，无限制地
within limits 在合理限度内；在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地
set a limit on... 对……作出限制
set strict limits on 对……作严格限制
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
(2)the limited number/amount/time 有限的数目/数量/时间
(be of) limited use/value 有限的用途/价值
the limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 限于；被限制在
(3)unlimited adj. 尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的，无止境的
limitation n. [U]限制，控制；[C，usually pl.]局限，限度
Just like a sea voyage, our life journey, whose days are limited, is full of difficulties and surprises.
正像一次海上航行，我们有限的生命旅程充满了困难和惊喜。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来阐述清楚他们的观点。
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.
教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
There's no limit to what you can do if you try.
如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。
特别提示
与limit搭配的“to”为介词，后跟名词、动名词。
即学即练　用limit的适当形式填空/结合limit的用法完成句子
①When people live on a very ________ diet, it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins.
②The knowledge of the children is ________，but their imagination is ________.
③在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion, you had better __________________________ the expense of this trip.
④生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
Life is limited，but there is ______________________________．
4 postpone vt.延迟，延期
(1)postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟……(到……)
(2)postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We'll have to postpone the meeting until/to next week.
我们不得不把会议推迟到下星期。
Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.
我们等有更多信息之后再做决定吧。
同义词比较
·delay是普通用词，多指因外界原因而推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。
·postpone是正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。
·put off和postpone的意思和用法更加相似，有“延迟、推迟”的意思。区别在于它是一个口语表达，经常出现在日常生活对话中。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He decided to postpone ________ (buy) the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
②The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to ________ (postpone) until the next month.
5 speed up(使)加速
用法讲解
speed up既可作及物短语动词，又可作不及物短语动词。其反义短语是slow down，意为“(使)减速”。
(1)speed vi. 快速前行
vt. 加速，促进
speed by (时间)飞快地过去；飞逝
(2)speed n. [C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
at a/the speed of... 以……的速度
at great speed 以很快的速度
at lightning speed 以闪电般的速度
pick up speed 加快速度
at speed 迅速
Nancy, if you don't speed up, we'll be there at midnight.
南希，如果你不加快速度，我们将会半夜才到那儿。
Facing such a good opportunity, we must speed up production.
面对这么好的机会，我们必须加速生产。
Time always speeds by when you're having a good time.
快乐的时光总是过得飞快。
The train is travelling at a speed of eighty miles an hour.
火车正以每小时80英里的速度行进。
He is driving at high speed.
他正开车高速行驶。
He is a good driver. Most of the time, he drives his car at a speed of 60 kilometres per hour. But yesterday there was a seriously injured person in his car, so he gradually speeded up but within the speed limit. Eventually, he took the injured person to the hospital safely.
他是一位好司机。大部分时间，他以每小时60千米的速度开车行驶。但是昨天他的车上有一个受伤严重的人，因此他逐渐加快速度，但在速度限制范围内。最终，他安全地把受伤的人送到了医院。
即学即练　单句语法填空/结合speed的用法完成句子
①To speed ________ the flow of traffic, the government of our city has decided to broaden some main streets.
②那辆小汽车以每小时100千米的速度行驶。
The car ran ________________________________ 100 kilometres per hour.
③急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是你正在高速行进的时候。
Bringing your car to a sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially when you are travelling ________________________________________________________________．
④我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。
We'd better ________________________________________ if we want to get there in time.
6 pay off取得成功，奏效；付清，偿清
pay back 偿还；还钱
pay up 总算付清全部欠款
pay for... 为……付款；支付……的钱，为……付出代价
pay out 付巨款
pay attention to sb./sth. 集中注意力于某人/某事
pay a visit to/pay a call on 拜访，参观
With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.
在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.
他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。
The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。
特别提示
pay off作“成功，奏效，达到目的”讲时，为不及物动词短语；作“付清，还清债务”讲时，为及物动词短语。
即学即练　结合pay的相关短语完成句子
①Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on study will finally ________ in the near future.
②J. K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to ________ the heating at home.
7 conduct vt.组织，实施，执行；安排；带领；举行，表现　vi.& vt.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)；引导；举止,n.[U]行为，举止；管理方法　conductor n．[C](乐队等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；导体
(1)conduct an experiment/an interview 进行实验/面试(采访)
conduct a survey/an investigation 进行调查
conduct a campaign 开展活动
(2)conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差
conduct sb. to... 引导某人去……
The government conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the sports centre.
政府进行了一次调查，以了解当地人对体育中心的反应。
On the second day of this journey, the guide conducted us around the West Lake.
在这次旅行的第二天，导游带领我们游览了西湖。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.
他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.
安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
His conduct disagrees with his words.
他言行不一。
His conduct of the business was very successful.
他经商非常成功。
特别提示
conduct词性不同时，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。此类单词常见的还有：
transport n．输送　vt.输送　import n．进口　vt.& vi. 进口
increase n．增加　vi.& vt.增加
export n．出口(产品)　vt.& vi. 出口
record n．记录；唱片；纪录 vt.记录
suspect n．可疑对象，嫌疑分子　vt.怀疑
即学即练　选出能替换下列句子中画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that couldn't have been possible just a few years ago. (performing/describing)________________
②My friend conducted us around the oldest museum in the country. (led/invited)________________
③I'm glad to see your conduct at school improved. (operation/behaviour)________________
④我们正在进行一项调查，以了解顾客对当地公共汽车服务系统的看法。
We are ________________________________________________ to find out what customers think of the local bus service.
8 survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物　survive vt.& vi.幸存；生存；比……活得长
(1)the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争/战斗/拼搏
a survival from sth. 某事物的残存物(遗风、遗迹)
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
(2)survive the accident/earthquake 在事故/地震中大难不死
survive from 从……(时期)保存下来
survive sb. by＋时间段 比某人多活了……
For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
对于突然发生的心力衰竭，唯一的最佳生存机会是让附近的人介入并迅速做心肺复苏。
Without clean water, we would be unable to survive.
没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________ (survive).
②我相信我能战胜这个挑战。
I believe I can ________________ this challenge.
③有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留下来的。
Some strange customs have ________________ earlier times.
9 error n．错误，差错
through/by trial and error 经反复试验
error of judgment 判断失误
human error 人为过失
an error message 出错信息
be in error 犯错，失误
make an error 犯错误
I think you have made an error in calculating the total.
我想你在计算总数时出了差错。
The computer system was switched off in error (＝by mistake).计算机系统被错误关闭。警示
error相当正式，主要用于与计算机相关的语境中，或用于human error等固定搭配。在日常英语中，人们一般用mistake来表示“错误”。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any dangerous ________ (error).
②反复试验才能找到真理。
________________ leads to the finding of truth.
10 draw on利用；动用
(1)draw on his experience 利用他的经验
draw on my savings 动用我的存款
(2)draw back 移开，后退
draw sb. in (sth.) 使某人卷入/参与(某事)
draw to a close/an end 结束，终止
draw a conclusion 得出结论
draw one's attention to... 把某人的注意力吸引到……
The older boy can draw on his past experience to help his little brother.
哥哥可以利用过去的经验来帮助弟弟。
I'd like to draw your attention to certain points about taking notes.
我想提醒你们注意记笔记的某些要点。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'll have to draw ________ my savings.
②The novelist draws heavily ________ her personal experiences.
③We started to meet regularly to draw ________ our plans.
11 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的　benefit n．益处，好处；福利　v．使受益，得益于
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益
have a beneficial effect on 对……有有利影响
(2)have the benefit of sth. 获益于某事物
get/gain/derive benefit (from sth.) (从某事物处)得到好处
for one's benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益
be of benefit (to sb.) (对某人)有益
benefit from/by 从……中获益
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cycling is highly beneficial ________ health and the environment.
②The overall effects of the publicity have been more ________ (benefit) than harmful.
③年轻人能从各种户外活动中受益。
Young people ________ various kinds of outdoor activities.
12 wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智　wise adj.明智的；有判断力的　wisely adv.明智地
the wisdom of (doing) sth. (做)某事的智慧
a woman of great wisdom 才女
words of wisdom 至理名言
the conventional/traditional wisdom 普遍的看法/传统的信念
in sb.'s wisdom 以某人的智慧(表示不理解他人为何决定做某事)
There is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your wisdom!
这个世界上只有一种东西是别人无法从你身上拿走的，那就是你的智慧！
Learning to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day.学会明智地管理时间，那么你可以充分利用每一天。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They are the representatives of ancient civilization and the ________ (wise) of ancient folks.
②It's wise ________ (check) whether the flight times have changed before you leave for the airport.
③Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources ________ (wise).
13 illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于　illustration n．图表，插图；示例
illustrate that 说明(事实)
illustrate...with... 用……诠释……
His latest book is illustrated with many photographs.
他最近出版的那本书附有很多照片。
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic...
在一件2018年的作品里，Von Wong想说明一个特定的统计数据……
比较
·explain含义广，最普通用词，指把某事向原来不了解、不清楚的人解释明白、说清楚等。
·illustrate多指用实例或插图、表加以说明。
拓展
the art of book illustration
书籍插图的艺术
by way of illustration作为说明
即学即练　单句语法填空
The statistics are a clear ________ (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句。with... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，在句中作状语。
[考点提炼]　“with＋宾语(名词/代词)＋过去分词”结构
此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词(短语)表示被动或动作已完成。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。(the door与lock是逻辑上的动宾关系)
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(hair与cut是逻辑上的动宾关系)
[归纳拓展]　with复合结构的其他形式：
with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动、动作正在进行)。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。
She fell asleep with the light burning.
她睡着了，灯还亮着。
(3)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.
她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。
With many children to look after, she had to stay at home.
有好多孩子要照看，她只好待在家里。
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语(表示宾语所处的状态)
Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候不要把你的双手插在口袋里。
即学即练　单句语法填空/写作升级(with复合结构)
①The problem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists ________ (try) to increase awareness of this problem.
②With so many problems ________ (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With the virus ________ (spread) rapidly in this region, a large amount of equipment as well as medical experts from abroad has been sent here so far.
④But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills ________ (attach) to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
⑤The boy led the way and we found the house easily.
→__________________________， we found the house easily.
⑥There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I can't go to the cinema tonight.
→____________________ tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.
⑦As all the work was finished, he went home happily.
→__________________________， he went home happily.
2 (教材原句)The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
[句式分析]　本句为“sb. is likely to do sth.”(某人有可能做某事)的变异形式。
辨：可能性大小：probable>likely>possible
Sb./Sth. be possible to do sth.(×)
Sb./Sth. be probable to do sth.(×)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
“likely”的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible, probable通常只能用it作形式主语
例：她有可能通过这次考试。
She is likely to pass the exam.
It is possible for her to pass the exam.
It is likely/possible/probable that she will pass the exam.
特别提示
likely, probable, possible用法。可以说：
①It is probable/likely/possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is probable/likely/possible that...
③sb. is likely to do sth.但不可以说sb. is probable/possible to do sth.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely ________(beat) the biggest car companies.
③Women who drank a lot of coffee were more likely ________ (have) children with birth defects.
3 (教材原句)However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
然而，直到20世纪70年代，经过多次失败的试验后，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
[句式分析]　(1)强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
(2)对not...until...进行强调时应将not一起置于被强调的部分里面。that后其他部分是不含有not的肯定陈述句。
It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
直到你给我指出它，我才意识到自己的错误。
Not until he suffered from a deadly disease did he know nothing is more precious than a healthy body.
直到他患了一种致命的疾病，他才知道没有什么比健康的身体更宝贵。
拓展
含有not...until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果把not until置于句首，则主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装。已经把not提前，主句为肯定的陈述句。
Not until I failed a second time did I realize that I had wasted too much precious time.
直到我又一次失败我才意识到我已经浪费了太多宝贵的时间。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—________ he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
②It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
③直到我开始学习，我才意识到有多少工作要做。
__________________________ realize how much work there was to do.
④直到我离开家，我才意识到我会这么想念家人。
Not until I left home ______________ how much I would miss my family.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have been ________ (彻底的，完全的) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure.
2．The ceremony in this province is a ________ (遗留物) from pre-Christian times.
3．The thunderstorm bringing great loss was in several ________ (省份) along the Yangtze River.
4．She took a ________ (广泛的) view of the duties of being a politician.
5．She was ________ (想要，计划) to play a leading role in the space exploration.
6．What's her ________ (方法，秘诀) for selling household appliances
7．I didn't follow a recipe book so it was an ________ (尝试，实践).
8．Limited by experiment devices, we should have the machine on ________ (实验，试用) for another week.
9．Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (有限的).
10．He decided to ________ (推迟) the lecture until the following day.
11．He had ________ (充分的) data for the research.
12．The ________ (数据) also showed that eating dark chocolate may exert additional beneficial effects throughout the whole body.
13．I explore the black color differently, not as a ________(纯粹的) color, but as the existence of shadow.
14．He continues to ________ (开讲座), conduct research, teach and publish scientific papers.
15.They are happy to discuss and ________ (探索) multiple possibilities and are keen to challenge conventional wisdom.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．This book ____________ children who are interested in insects.
2．The experiment is worth a trial, and in my opinion, it ____________ the entire country.
3．We shall have to ____________ our savings if we decide to conduct this experiment.
4．This work is starting to ____________ with our continuous experiments.
5．I have used this term to ____________ the data that we are collecting about use and usage.
6．I was determined to ____________： What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month
7．It is an urgent task to ____________ the application of the modern educational technology.
8．Only ____________ can you realise who you really are, which activities you prefer.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some households are addicted to the new TV program about ________(survive) in the wild.
2．Peter had intended ________(take) a job in business, but abandoned that plan by accident for an unpleasant experience in Canada in 2020.
3．Can you tell us your recipe ________ the theory study
4．When I am faced with difficulties in illustrating the specific theory, I usually choose to refer ________ web pages.
5．“The Thinking Laboratory” refers to a workshop in which the kids carry out ________(experiment).
6．To lose weight, he intends to limit himself ________ three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new hospital in this province.
8．She recovered ________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Jiangsu Province.
9．Bill Robinson will first be put ________ trial for murder, based on the sufficient data.
10．The cobra, containing deadly poison, is one of the world's ________ (deadly) snakes.
11．As to the tradition, Hindus usually ________ (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
12．We are going to listen to a lecture ________ the space exploration this afternoon.
13．He was always putting forward many creative ideas for us to explore instead of standing in front of us ________ (lecture) for a period.
14．Mr. Sand always encouraged us ________ (explore) the evolution of the animals.
15．When humans are in times of disaster, they always show the ________ (wise) to stay positive and the intelligence to rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by)
The old lady has ______________________________________________________________
ten years for using herbs in daily cookery.
2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.)
He has made up his mind to ____________________________ manage the workshop.
3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with)
________________________________，what materials would you use
4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.)
________________________________ in the lecture next week.
5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...)
________________________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十）
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．malaria　2.deadly　3.extract　4.herb　5.trial 6．household　7.province　8.broad　9.experiment 10．postpone　11.data
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．theory; theoretical; theoretically　2.survival; survive; survivor　3.intend; intention　4.limited; limit; limitation　5.container; contain　6.sufficient; insufficient　7.pure; purity; purify　8.explore; exploration; explorer　9.wisdom; wise　10.beneficial; benefit　11.conduct; conduction; conductor; conductive　12.illustrate; illustration
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．make a difference to　2.make great contributions to 3．thanks to　4.die of/from　5.a cure for　6.fail to do sth.　7.refer to　8.at a low temperature　9.in order not to 10．succeed in doing sth.　11.manage to do sth. 12．solutions to　13.day and night　14.give up 15．large amounts of　16.be likely to do sth.　17.speed up 18．volunteer to do sth.　19.pay off　20.draw on
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．with large amounts of qinghao extract produced
2．The trials on patients were likely to be postponed
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
1．discovery　2.medicine　3.referred to　4.safety
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．A　2.B　3.A　4.D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．to receive　2.studied　3.for　4.Inspired　5.effective 6．However　7.be postponed　8.safety　9.the　10.which
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①to see　②to improve　③intention　④had intended/planned to help
2．①涉及　②提到　③查阅　④referred to　⑤referred to as
3．①limited　②limited; limitless　③set a limit on　④no limit to learning
4．①buying　②be postponed
5．①up　②at a speed of　③at high speed　④speed up
6．①pay off　②pay for
7．①performing　②led　③behaviour　④conducting/doing a survey
8．①survival　②survive from　③survived from
9．①errors　②Trial and error
10．①on　②on　③up
11．①to　②beneficial　③benefit from
12．①wisdom　②to check　③wisely
13．illustration
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①trying　②to discuss　③spreading　④attached　⑤With the boy leading the way　⑥With an exam to take　⑦With all the work finished
2．①to make　②to beat　③to have
3．①that　②that　③Not until I began to learn did I　④did I realize
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．deadly　2.survival　3.provinces　4.broad　5.intended　6.recipe　7.experiment　8.trial　9.limited　10.postpone　11.sufficient　12.data　13.pure　14.lecture　15.explore
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．is intended for　2.is beneficial to　3.draw on　4.pay off　5.refer to　6.conduct an experiment　7.speed up　8.through trial and error
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．survival　2.to take　3.for　4.to　5.experiments　6.to　7.building　8.sufficiently　9.on　10.deadliest　11.purify　12.on/about　13.lecturing　14.to explore　15.wisdom
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．survived all her sisters and brothers by
2．intend his son to
3．If you want to experiment with electricity
4．He is likely to appear
5．It was not until then that
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑