资源简介

Section C　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 居民，住户
2．____________ n. 首领，最高领导人
adj. 主要的；首席的
3．____________ n. 委员会
4．____________ vi. 反对，抗议
vt. 反对；坚持声称；申辩
5．____________ n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt. 加工，处理
6．____________ n. 政策，方针；原则
7．____________ n. (政府或机构)部门；分
部；树枝；分流；分支
8．____________ n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
9．____________ n. 地铁；地下人行道
10．____________ adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→________ adj.全部的，整个的
2．________ n．雾霾，烟雾→________ adj.烟雾弥漫的
3．________ n．利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt.获益，得到好处→________ adj.有利可图的；有益的→________ adj.无利的；无益的
4．________ n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→________ vt.& vi.防御，保卫→________ adj.防御性的
5．________ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→________ adj.经济的；节约的；实惠的→________ n．经济；节约
6．________ vt.回收利用，再利用→________ adj.可回收利用的→________ n．& vt.& vi.(使)循环
7．________ n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏→________ adj.贫穷的
8．________ vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→________ adj.有毒的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 户外活动
2．________________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
3．________________ 反对某事物
4．________________ 倾向于，往往会
5．________________ 把……和……联系起来
6．________________ 渴望做某事
7．________________ 获得巨额利润
8．________________ 为……作解释或辩护
9．________________ 代表某人讲话
10．________________ 很关切……，很担心……
11．________________ 生产过程
12．________________ 使某人注意
13．________________ 在增加，在上涨
14．________________ 携手合作
15．________________ 环保的，不损害环境的
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
______________________________________ are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
2．我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, ________________________________________________．
3．鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
______________________________________， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How many characters are there in the studio according to the passage
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
2．From what James Smith said, what can we know
A．How heavy industry produced the pollution.
B．How he protested against the pollution.
C．Why human beings should fight against pollution.
D．Why the population of animals is decreasing.
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Vincent Brown's speech
A．People have a tendency to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke.
B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.
C．The businessmen try to control the amount of pollution they produce.
D．The businessmen have been taking various measures to reduce pollution.
4．Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage
A．James Smith is for the idea that heavy industry has to go to protest against the pollution in his living place.
B．Vincent Brown wants to draw our attention to the environmental benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
C．The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.
D．Many people are willing to take various measures for things that are friendly to the environment.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The topic today is pollution in Norgate. James Smith, 1.________ local resident, believes that heavy industry factories contribute 2.________ pollution, and they have to go for health and safety reasons. Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory, argues that people should pay attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate and that factories 3.________ (create) many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. The factories have been taking various 4.________ (measure), including the use of new technologies, 5.________ (reduce) pollution in the production process.
Julie Archer, head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says they have to achieve a balance between environmental protection 6.________ economic development. They also work together with other departments of government to ensure that development strategies 7.________ (follow) in an environmentally friendly way. Everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
The fortunes of the environment and the economy are inseparable. 8.________ is our duty to protect our environment, to leave a better, cleaner and 9.________ (healthy) planet to our children and to build a community with a 10.________ (share) future for mankind.
教材助读·开放课堂
[词汇注释]
①matter vi.要紧，事关紧要，有重大影响
count vi.要紧，重要
②resident/'rez d nt/n.居民，住户
a local resident一位当地居民
③senior manager高级经理
be senior to sb.比某人级别高；比某人年长
④chief/t i f/n.首领，最高领导人　adj.主要的；首席的
⑤committee/k 'm ti/n.委员会
⑥cost [熟词生义]n.代价；牺牲
⑦entirely/ n'ta li/adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
entirely different完全不同
⑧not...any more不再……
not...any longer不再……
no more/longer不再……
⑨smelly adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的
⑩smog/sm ɡ/n.雾霾，烟雾
smoke和fog各取一部分→smog
colour [熟词生义]vt.为……着色，给……染色
get rid/r d/ of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
be rid of摆脱
rid...of...使……摆脱/除掉……
for...reasons出于……原因
protest/pr 'test/vi.反对，抗议　vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩/'pr test/n.抗议，反对
protest against抗议……
tend to do sth.倾向于做某事
connect...with...把……与……联系起来
irresponsible adj.不负责任的；无责任感的
be eager to do sth.急于做某事
be eager for sth.渴望某物
profit/'pr f t/n.利润，收益；好处　vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
make/turn/earn a profit赚取利润
in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
defence/d 'fens/(AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
point out指出
speak for sb.代(表)某人讲话
be concerned about关心；挂念
various/'ve ri s/adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
take various measures 采取各种各样的措施
process/'pr ses/
n．过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt.加工，处理
in the process of (doing) sth.在(做)某事的过程中
draw one's attention to吸引某人的注意力到……上
economic/ i k 'n m k/adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
on the rise在增加，在上升
search for寻找；搜索
deal with处理；涉及
deal with与how连用；do with与what连用。
have a major role to play in doing sth.在做某事中起主要作用
achieve a balance between A and B实现A与B的平衡
policy/'p l si/n.政策，方针；原则
make policies制定政策
observe vt.遵守
hand in hand手拉手
arm in arm臂挽着臂
side by side肩并肩地
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
branch/brɑ nt /n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy/'str t d i/n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
environmentally friendly环保的
in an environmentally friendly way以一种环保的方式
recycle/ ri 'sa kl/vt.回收利用，再利用
3R原则包括减少使用、重复使用和回收利用三个方面。
subway/'s bwe /n.地铁；地下人行道
former/'f m (r)/adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
the former...the latter...前者……后者……
official/ 'f l/n.官员，要员
adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
poverty/'p v ti/n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
lift people out of poverty 让人们摆脱贫困
one and the same同一个(人或物)，表示强调。
inseparable adj.不可分离的，分不开的
aim for瞄准；以……为目标
shared adj.共有的，共享的
[教材原文]
News that Matters①： pollution in NorgateHOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident②； Vincent Brown, senior manager③ of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief④ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee⑤ [1]. Welcome.
Norgate's rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑥. Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
[1]该句主语较长，为保持句子平衡和出于表达需要，使用了倒装语序。正常语序：James Smith...Vincent Brown...and Julie Archer are joining us in...
SMITH：It's been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely⑦ different. I don't enjoy outdoor activities any more⑧. The river is dirty and smelly⑨. The smog⑩ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of [2]. For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰a cough
HOST: Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond
BROWN: Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits . In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce[3]. I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we're deeply concerned about the environment. We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process ， even though these measures raise our production costs. I'd also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We've created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow.
[3]that引导宾语从句，作point out的宾语。we produce是省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰pollution
HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise [4], the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
[4]with＋宾语＋宾补（介词短语）
ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We've made environmental policies for businesses to observe ， like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way. However, fighting pollution isn't just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle . For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ， or using the bike-sharing system.
HOST: Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said,“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty ，advancing economic growth...these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable . It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development [5]. It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
[5]It's one's duty to do sth.“做某事是某人的责任”。其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。while we aim for economic development是while引导的时间状语从句。
[汉语译文]
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是“诺盖特市的污染”。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？
布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力协作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
主持人：谢谢您， 阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
(1)get rid of air pollution 消除空气污染
get rid of the smell of cooking 消除油烟味
get rid of hunger/a headache 摆脱饥饿/头疼
get rid of old toys 扔掉旧玩具
(2)rid...of 使……摆脱或除掉……
be rid of 摆脱……(表示状态)
rid oneself of... 使自己摆脱……
You should get rid of the bad habits.
你应该改掉坏习惯。
It's time we got rid of all these old toys.
我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
I can't get rid of this cough.
我咳嗽老是不好。
The dentist rid him of the pain by pulling out his bad tooth.
牙医把他的坏牙拔掉，使他摆脱了疼痛。
I wanted to rid myself of the burden of the secret.
我想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
He is rid of fever.他不发烧了。
联想拓展
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
cure sb. of sth.医好某人的病
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world ________ hunger.
②我们必须想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。
We must try every way to ______________________________________．
③由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉，尽管他不情愿。
The owner had to ______________________________ for financial reasons, though he didn't want to do that.
2 protest vi.反对；抗议　vt.坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议；反对；抗议书
protest against sth. 抗议某事
protest that... 坚持说……
make/raise a protest (against...) (对……)提出抗议
hold a mass protest 举行大规模抗议
raise a storm of protest 引起一场抗议风潮
a protest march 抗议游行
lead to a violent/an angry protest 引发强烈抗议
do sth. under protest 不甘心地做某事
Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision.
许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。
Sarah protested that she didn't lie to her teacher.
萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。
Workers are protesting/making a protest against high unemployment.
工人们正在抗议高失业率。
归纳拓展
protest note拒付通知
no protest无抗议
protest vote投抗议票
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The workers went on strike ________ (protest) against the economic policy of the government.
②There is no point in ________ (protest). It won't help much.
③Thousands of people crowded into the street, ________ (protest) against the war.
3 profit n．利润，收益；好处　vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
a non-profit organization 非营利组织
a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
make/earn a profit 盈利
to one's profit 对某人有好处
profit from/by... 从……中获益；从……中得到好处
profit sth. 有益于某事
A profit B (A使B获益)＝B profit from/by A(B从A中获益)
The shop's daily profit is usually around 500 dollars.
这家商店每天的利润一般在500美元左右。
In recent years many football clubs have been run as business to make a profit.
近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。
You will make progress if you can profit by your mistakes.
你如果能从错误中吸取教训，就会取得进步的。
I hope the lesson will profit you.＝I hope you will profit from the lesson.我希望你能从这次教训中获益。
语境助记
Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit．虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她不是主要受利润驱动的。
即学即练　完成句子
①这家公司的利润在快速增长。
The company's ________________ are increasing rapidly.
②读这本书你会受益。
You can profit ________________ reading the book.
③我从他的建议中获益匪浅。
I gained a lot of __________________ his advice.
4 defence (AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守　defend v．防御；保卫；为……辩护/辩解　defensive adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的
(1)come to sb's defence 来为某人辩护
in sb.'s/sth.'s defence＝in defence of sb./sth.为某人/某事辩护；站在……一边
in defence of... 为……辩解/辩护；为了保卫……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
a defence satellite 防御卫星
a defence against 对……的防御物
(2)defend against... 防御……
defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护
defend sb. against/from... 保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
(3)defensive equipment 防御设备
He realised none of his schoolmates would come to his defence.他意识到没有一个同学会挺身为他辩护。
He has mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defence of his actions.
他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
A good diet helps build up the body's natural defence.
良好的饮食有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
联想拓展
protect/shelter...from...
保护……免受……
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
keep sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
即学即练　单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves ________ knife attacks.
②Like their children, parents are often ________ (defence) about their private lives.
③We must make sure that there is no gap in our ________ (defend).
④What talking points can be raised ________ defence of this argument
5 process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理　processed adj.经加工的，加工过的
(1)in the process 与此同时，在此过程中
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
the learning process 学习过程
(2)process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 处理申请
processed cheese/meat/fish 加工过的奶酪/肉/鱼
We're in the process of selling our old furniture.
我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process.
我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。
Processed food loses a lot of nutrition in the process of being processed.
加工食品在被加工的过程中去掉了许多营养。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'm afraid getting things changed will be ________ slow process.
②All the information was then ready ____________ (process) into film negatives.
③Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ which even the small details of life should be considered.
④More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be ________ (process).
6 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
(1)former president/colleague/glory 前总统/以前的同事/昔日的荣耀
in former times 从前
in the former case 在前一种情况下
(2)the former (两者中的)前者
the latter (两者中的)后者
The former...the latter... 前者……后者……
He was very happy to see his former friends in the bookstore.
在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。
Of swimming and football he prefers the former.
在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。
Alice and Lily are both my close friends. The former is a clerk in a bank and the latter works in a band.
艾丽斯和莉莉都是我亲近的朋友。前者是银行的职员，后者在乐队工作。
语境助记
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
这家人在波特兰市中心租了一座从前的教堂，并安排了一场音乐会。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Of the two articles, I prefer ________ former to the latter.
②我认为前者不比后者好。
I think ________________________ is no better than ________________．
7 official n．官员，要员　adj.公务的，正式的，官方的
a government official 政府官员
bank officials 银行职员
official languages 官方语言
an official announcement/statement/permission 官方公告/声明/许可
make an official visit 进行正式访问
More than one official has served the people heart and soul.
不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。
In the farmer's view, he is a government official.
在那位农民看来，他是一名政府官员。
To our joy, my daughter's application for promotion has got an official permission.
使我们高兴的是，我女儿升职的申请得到了正式的批准。
联想拓展
officer n．[C]工作人员；军官；警察，执法人员
My father is an officer in the army, while her father is an official in the government.我爸爸是部队的军官，而她爸爸是政府官员。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was an ________ (office) in the government office.
②How many members have ________ (official) registered in the club
③Anyone, ____________________ (不管他是一名官员还是) a bus driver, should be equally respected.
④Our factory develops and makes ________________ (办公设备) and teaching facilities.
⑤In some countries, there is more than one ______________________ (官方语言).
8 consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
(1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果
(2)as a consequence of＝in consequence of 作为……的结果，因为，由于(＝as a result of)
(3)as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently 因此，结果(＝as a result)
be a consequence of sth. 是某事的后果
have serious consequences 有严重后果
of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
(4)consequent adj. 随之发生的
the consequent increase in spending 随之引起的消费增长
consequently adv. 结果，因此
If you still stick to your point of view, you will take the consequences of failure.
如果你仍旧坚持自己的观点，你将会承担失败的风险。
As a consequence of hunting too much, a variety of wild animals have died out and others are in danger.
由于过度狩猎，很多野生动物都灭绝了，而另一些则处于危险之中。
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
语境助记
She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.她还接触了牙医，学习更多关于牙齿清洁的知识。因此，她成功地制造了一种只使用天然甜味剂的糖果，这些甜味剂可以减少口腔细菌。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________________ (由于) his being absent, the manager didn't subscribe to his being promoted.
②The problem of global warming is very serious. ________________ (因此), sea level has risen a little.
③I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to ________________________ (承担后果).
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident...
今晚来到我们演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯……
[句式分析]　本句用的是一个完全倒装句。
完全倒装
完全倒装的几种情况：
(1)分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be＋主语
当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。
Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
At the foot of the hill lies a small village.
山脚下有一个小村庄。
(2)表示地点/时间/方向/方位等的副词＋谓语＋主语
当把副词there, here, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go, come, run, lie, stand等，然后再接主语(名词)构成完全倒装。
Then came the time we had been looking forward to.
我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。
(3)there＋存在类动词＋主语
there be句型中的be用表示“存在”的动词live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代时，构成完全倒装。
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。
特别提示
在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (bury) in the sands was an ancient village.
②East of the city ________ (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
③____________________ (出席会议的) scientists from all over the world.
④Once upon a time there __________________ (有个名医) known by the name of Hua Tuo.
⑤Look at the little dog! ________________________ (它跑过来了).
⑥At the school gate __________________________ (坐着一位老太太), waiting to see her grandson.
⑦中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
There ________________________ in higher education between China and America.
2 (教材原句)We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs．
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。主句使用了现在完成进行时have been doing，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去；even though引导让步状语从句。
even though引导的让步状语从句
even though (＝even if)意为“即使，纵然，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Even though/if I fail this time, I will try again.
我即使这次失败了，也会再次尝试。
They won't go to the party even though/if they are invited.
他们即使受到邀请，也不会去参加那个聚会。
名师点津
even though的易混短语为as though。as though(＝as if)意为“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
当说话人认为所说的情况是事实时，就用陈述语气；当说话人认为所说的情况可能不是事实时，则用虚拟语气。
语境助记
It looks as though/if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。(陈述语气)
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.(虚拟语气)
整个事情我都记得很清楚，就像发生在昨天一样。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________ (尽管) the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
②Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____________ (即使) they are different from your own.
3 (教材原句)With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
[句式分析]　本句中用到“with＋宾语＋介词短语”复合结构。
with复合结构
“with＋复合宾语”又称“with复合结构”，复合宾语中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。该结构在句中表示状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下：
(1)with＋名词/代词＋名词
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还在上学。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了再见。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋形容词(强调名词/代词的特性或状态)
Don't speak with your mouth full.
嘴巴里塞满食物时不要说话。
(4)with＋名词/代词＋副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
(5)with＋名词/代词＋-ed分词(强调名词/代词是-ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
The girl stood there still, with eyes fixed on the wall.
女孩一动不动地站在那里，眼睛盯着墙。
(6)with＋名词/代词＋-ing分词(强调名词/代词是-ing分词动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)
I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
(7)with＋名词/代词＋to do(强调不定式动作尚未发生)
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我不能出门。
语境助记
We were driving along a river with trees on both sides．
我们正开车沿着一条两岸都是树的小河前行。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The square looks more beautiful than ever ________ all the lights on.
②All the afternoon he worked with the door ________ (lock).
③He felt uneasy with the whole class ________ (stare) at him.
④With the field levelled and irrigation channels ________ (control) the volume of water (水量), no such problem arose again.
⑤So in the afternoon, with nothing ________ (do), I went to the cinema.
⑥________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nearly one-quarter of the ________ (住户) in the harbor earn their living on the water.
2．For those who come to the exhibition, the attraction of china is ________ (完全地) beyond expression.
3．It is obvious that the old ________ (政策) is a barrier to promoting economic growth in the area.
4．It will take a long time for the city to recover from the harm caused by the one-week-long violent ________ (抗议).
5．Towering town walls were built as a ________ (防御) against enemy attacks.
6．The business agreement broke down for the company was not likely to make a ________ (利润) on the deal.
7．It will take a week or so for your application to be ________ (处理).
8．It was merciless of the people to rub this kind of ________ (毒药) on spears to kill wildlife.
9．With ________ (更多的) efforts, you will manage to build up confidence in yourself.
10．It is a custom that a great many ________ (以前的) pupils will attend a farewell dinner.
11．His ________ (正式的) visit to Beijing is scheduled to start on January 16th on the lunar calendar.
12．The skill of making and marketing snacks has helped the villagers get out of ________ (贫穷).
13．After the experiment, please set the acid ________ (化学制品) and tools aside.
14．She clapped her hands in delight after reading the article on ________ (回收利用).
15．It sprang to mind that he could light the ________ (树枝) and warm himself up.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．____________ his continuous attempt, the capable and determined young man managed to solve the confusing problem.
2．The power failure ____________ inconvenience to people's life up to now.
3．The food processing plant ____________ one million yuan per year.
4．It's said that Lucy ____________ a new apartment in the past few weeks.
5．As for the two sorts of proposals, ____________ is much more practical than ____________．
6．____________ learning Chinese, your interest, determination and hard work will have an impact.
7．Mr. Green stood up ____________ the boy, saying he was not the one to blame for the damage.
8．There was a time when most households in our town had a low income and lived ____________．
9．We must work ____________ to find a solution to the problem of environmental pollution.
10．The earlier you ____________ smoking, the more likely you are to shelter yourself from serious illnesses in later life.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The drugstore chain is faced with an ________ (economy) problem.
2．In the summer, we often get bitten by ________ (poison) insects.
3．I send my application letter to a firm which profits ________ selling goods and services.
4．The bridegroom who had grown up in ________ (poor) thanked the guests for their generous help when he was young.
5．The workers marched to protest ________ the announcement.
6．Nancy suggested at the annual meeting that students should be trained in ________ (defend) of some attacks.
7．Due to our unawareness of their policy on the environment, 90% of the plastic bottles do not get ________ (recycle).
8．We wanted to make a fire, but dry ________ (branch) were nowhere to be found.
9．In the social organization, Richard was senior ________ anyone else.
10．We don't allow farmers to take up pandas' habitat as ________ consequence of farming or other development.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．即使可能失去一切，我也决定试一试。(even though)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．中国依赖外国石油的日子已经一去不复返了。(倒装)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．随着时间的流逝，他意识到诚实的重要性。(with复合结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．爱护濒临灭绝的动物和保护森林免遭破坏是我们的职责。(duty)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．我准备了两个包裹以备不时之需。前者给你，后者给我。(package, the former...the latter...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．昨天雨下得很大，结果开幕式推迟了。(as a consequence, ceremony)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．节约用水是我们的责任，节约用电是我们的责任，节约资源是我们的责任。(排比)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（三）
Section C　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．resident　2.chief　3.committee　4.protest　5.process　6.policy　7.branch　8.strategy　9.subway　10.former
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．entirely; entire　2.smog; smoggy　3.profit; profitable; profitless　4.defence; defend; defensive　5.economic; economical; economy　6.recycle; recyclable; cycle　7.poverty; poor
8．poison; poisonous
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．outdoor activities　2.get rid of　3.protest against sth. 4．tend to　5.connect...with...　6.be eager to do sth. 7．make huge profits　8.in defence of...　9.speak for sb. 10．be deeply concerned about...　11.production process　12.draw one's attention to...　13.on the rise　14.work hand in hand　15.environmentally friendly
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Joining us in the studio tonight
2．even though these measures raise our production costs
3．With pollution levels on the rise
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．
C　2.A　3.B　4.B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．a　2.to　3.have created　4.measures　5.to reduce 6．and　7.are followed　8.It　9.healthier　10.shared
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①of　②rid our company of these debts　③get rid of the car
2．①to protest　②protesting　③protesting
3．①profits　②from　③profit from
4．①against/from　②defensive　③defence　④in
5．①a　②to be processed　③in　④processed
6．①the　②the former; the latter
7．①official　②officially　③whether he is an official or ④office equipment　⑤official language
8．①As a consequence/result of　②As a consequence/result　③take the consequences
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①Buried　②lies　③Present at the meeting were ④lived a famous doctor　⑤Here it runs ⑥sat an old woman　⑦exist many differences
2．①Even though/if　②even though/if
3．①with　②locked　③staring　④controlling　⑤to do　⑥With
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．residents　2.entirely　3.policy　4.protest　5.defence 6．profit　7.processed　8.poison　9.further　10.former　11.official　12.poverty　13.chemicals　14.recycling　15.branches
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．As a consequence of　2.has given rise to　3.makes a profit of　4.has been searching for　5.the former; the latter　6.In the process of　7.in defence of　8.in poverty　9.hand in hand 10．get rid of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．economic　2.poisonous　3.by　4.poverty　5.against 6．defence　7.recycled　8.branches　9.to　10.a
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．I am determined to have a try even though I may risk losing everything.
2．Gone are the days when China had to depend on foreign oil.
3．With time going by, he realized the importance of honesty.
4．It's our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from destruction.
5．I have prepared two packages for emergency. The former is for you while the latter is for me.
6．It rained heavily yesterday, and as a consequence, the opening ceremony was put off.
7．It's our duty to save water. It's our duty to save electricity. It's our duty to save resources.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共118张PPT)
Section C　Extended reading &
Project & Assessment
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 居民，住户
2．____________ n. 首领，最高领导人
adj. 主要的；首席的
3．____________ n. 委员会
4．____________ vi. 反对，抗议
vt. 反对；坚持声称；申辩
5．____________ n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt. 加工，处理
resident
chief
committee
protest
process
6．____________ n. 政策，方针；原则
7．____________ n. (政府或机构)部门；分
部；树枝；分流；分支
8．____________ n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
9．____________ n. 地铁；地下人行道
10．____________ adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
policy
branch　
strategy　
subway　
former
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→________ adj.全部的，整个的
2．________ n．雾霾，烟雾→________ adj.烟雾弥漫的
3．________ n．利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt.获益，得到好处→________ adj.有利可图的；有益的→________ adj.无利的；无益的
4．________ n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→________ vt.& vi.防御，保卫→________ adj.防御性的
entirely
entire
smog
smoggy
profit
profitable
profitless
defence
defend
defensive
5．________ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→__________ adj.经济的；节约的；实惠的→________ n．经济；节约
6．________ vt.回收利用，再利用→________ adj.可回收利用的→________ n．& vt.& vi.(使)循环
7．________ n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏→________ adj.贫穷的
8．________ vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→________ adj.有毒的
economic
economical
economy
recycle
recyclable
cycle
poverty
poor
poison
poisonous
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 户外活动
2．________________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
3．________________ 反对某事物
4．________________ 倾向于，往往会
5．________________ 把……和……联系起来
6．________________ 渴望做某事
7．________________ 获得巨额利润
8．________________ 为……作解释或辩护
outdoor activities
get rid of
protest against sth.
tend to
connect...with...
be eager to do sth.
make huge profits
in defence of...
9．______________________ 代表某人讲话
10．______________________ 很关切……，很担心……
11．______________________ 生产过程
12．______________________ 使某人注意
13．______________________ 在增加，在上涨
14．______________________ 携手合作
15．______________________ 环保的，不损害环境的
speak for sb.
be deeply concerned about...
production process
draw one's attention to...
on the rise
work hand in hand
environmentally friendly
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
______________________________________ are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
Joining us in the studio tonight
2．我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, ________________________________________________．
3．鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
______________________________________， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
even though these measures raise our production costs
With pollution levels on the rise
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How many characters are there in the studio according to the passage
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
答案：C
2．From what James Smith said, what can we know
A．How heavy industry produced the pollution.
B．How he protested against the pollution.
C．Why human beings should fight against pollution.
D．Why the population of animals is decreasing.
答案：A
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Vincent Brown's speech
A．People have a tendency to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke.
B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.
C．The businessmen try to control the amount of pollution they produce.
D．The businessmen have been taking various measures to reduce pollution.
答案：B
4．Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage
A．James Smith is for the idea that heavy industry has to go to protest against the pollution in his living place.
B．Vincent Brown wants to draw our attention to the environmental benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
C．The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.
D．Many people are willing to take various measures for things that are friendly to the environment.
答案：B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The topic today is pollution in Norgate. James Smith, 1.________ local resident, believes that heavy industry factories contribute 2.________ pollution, and they have to go for health and safety reasons. Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory, argues that people should pay attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate and that factories 3.___________ (create) many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. The factories have been taking various 4.________ (measure), including the use of new technologies, 5.________ (reduce) pollution in the production process.
a
to
have created
measures
to reduce
Julie Archer, head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says they have to achieve a balance between environmental protection 6.________ economic development. They also work together with other departments of government to ensure that development strategies 7.___________ (follow) in an environmentally friendly way. Everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
The fortunes of the environment and the economy are inseparable. 8.________ is our duty to protect our environment, to leave a better, cleaner and 9.________ (healthy) planet to our children and to build a community with a 10.________ (share) future for mankind.
and
are followed
It
healthier
shared
[词汇注释]
①matter vi.要紧，事关紧要，有重大影响
count vi.要紧，重要
②resident/'rez d nt/n.居民，住户
a local resident一位当地居民
③senior manager高级经理
be senior to sb.比某人级别高；比某人年长
④chief/t i f/n.首领，最高领导人　adj.主要的；首席的
⑤committee/k 'm ti/n.委员会
⑥cost [熟词生义]n.代价；牺牲
⑦entirely/ n'ta li/adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
entirely different完全不同
⑧not...any more不再……
not...any longer不再……
no more/longer不再……
⑨smelly adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的
⑩smog/sm ɡ/n.雾霾，烟雾
smoke和fog各取一部分→smog
colour [熟词生义]vt.为……着色，给……染色
get rid/r d/ of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
be rid of摆脱
rid...of...使……摆脱/除掉……
for...reasons出于……原因
protest/pr 'test/vi.反对，抗议　vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩/'pr test/n.抗议，反对
protest against抗议……
tend to do sth.倾向于做某事
connect...with...把……与……联系起来
irresponsible adj.不负责任的；无责任感的
be eager to do sth.急于做某事
be eager for sth.渴望某物
profit/'pr f t/n.利润，收益；好处　vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
make/turn/earn a profit赚取利润
in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
defence/d 'fens/(AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
point out指出
speak for sb.代(表)某人讲话
be concerned about关心；挂念
various/'ve ri s/adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
take various measures 采取各种各样的措施
process/'pr ses/
n．过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt.加工，处理
in the process of (doing) sth.在(做)某事的过程中
draw one's attention to吸引某人的注意力到……上
economic/ i k 'n m k/adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
on the rise在增加，在上升
search for寻找；搜索
deal with处理；涉及
deal with与how连用；do with与what连用。
have a major role to play in doing sth.在做某事中起主要作用
achieve a balance between A and B实现A与B的平衡
policy/'p l si/n.政策，方针；原则
make policies制定政策
observe vt.遵守
hand in hand手拉手
arm in arm臂挽着臂
side by side肩并肩地
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
branch/brɑ nt /n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy/'str t d i/n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
environmentally friendly环保的
in an environmentally friendly way以一种环保的方式
recycle/ ri 'sa kl/vt.回收利用，再利用
3R原则包括减少使用、重复使用和回收利用三个方面。
subway/'s bwe /n.地铁；地下人行道
former/'f m (r)/adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
the former...the latter...前者……后者……
official/ 'f l/n.官员，要员
adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
poverty/'p v ti/n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
lift people out of poverty 让人们摆脱贫困
one and the same同一个(人或物)，表示强调。
inseparable adj.不可分离的，分不开的
aim for瞄准；以……为目标
shared adj.共有的，共享的
[教材原文]
News that Matters①： pollution in NorgateHOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident②； Vincent Brown, senior manager③ of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief④ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee⑤ [1]. Welcome.
Norgate's rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑥. Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
[1]该句主语较长，为保持句子平衡和出于表达需要，使用了倒装语序。正常语序：James Smith...Vincent Brown...and Julie Archer are joining us in...
SMITH：It's been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely⑦ different. I don't enjoy outdoor activities any more⑧. The river is dirty and smelly⑨. The smog⑩ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of [2]. For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰a cough
HOST: Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond
BROWN: Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits . In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce[3].
I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we're deeply concerned about the environment. We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process ， even though these measures raise our production costs. I'd also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We've created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow.
[3]that引导宾语从句，作point out的宾语。we produce是省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰pollution
HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise [4], the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
[4]with＋宾语＋宾补（介词短语）
ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We've made environmental policies for businesses to observe ， like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way. However, fighting pollution isn't just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle . For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ， or using the bike-sharing system.
HOST: Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said,“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty ，advancing economic growth...these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable . It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development [5]. It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
[5]It's one's duty to do sth.“做某事是某人的责任”。其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。while we aim for economic development是while引导的时间状语从句。
[汉语译文]
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是“诺盖特市的污染”。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色；这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？
布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力协作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
主持人：谢谢您， 阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
(1)get rid of air pollution 消除空气污染
get rid of the smell of cooking 消除油烟味
get rid of hunger/a headache 摆脱饥饿/头疼
get rid of old toys 扔掉旧玩具
(2)rid...of 使……摆脱或除掉……
be rid of 摆脱……(表示状态)
rid oneself of... 使自己摆脱……
You should get rid of the bad habits.
你应该改掉坏习惯。
It's time we got rid of all these old toys.
我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
I can't get rid of this cough.
我咳嗽老是不好。
The dentist rid him of the pain by pulling out his bad tooth.
牙医把他的坏牙拔掉，使他摆脱了疼痛。
I wanted to rid myself of the burden of the secret.
我想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
He is rid of fever.他不发烧了。
联想拓展
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
cure sb. of sth.医好某人的病
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world ________ hunger.
②我们必须想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。
We must try every way to___________________________________．
③由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉，尽管他不情愿。
The owner had to ______________________________ for financial reasons, though he didn't want to do that.
of
rid our company of these debts
get rid of the car
2 protest vi.反对；抗议　vt.坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议；反对；抗议书
protest against sth. 抗议某事
protest that... 坚持说……
make/raise a protest (against...) (对……)提出抗议
hold a mass protest 举行大规模抗议
raise a storm of protest 引起一场抗议风潮
a protest march 抗议游行
lead to a violent/an angry protest 引发强烈抗议
do sth. under protest 不甘心地做某事
Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision.
许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。
Sarah protested that she didn't lie to her teacher.
萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。
Workers are protesting/making a protest against high unemployment.
工人们正在抗议高失业率。
归纳拓展
protest note拒付通知
no protest无抗议
protest vote投抗议票
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The workers went on strike ________ (protest) against the economic policy of the government.
②There is no point in ________ (protest). It won't help much.
③Thousands of people crowded into the street, ________ (protest) against the war.
to protest
protesting
protesting
3 profit n．利润，收益；好处　vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
a non-profit organization 非营利组织
a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
make/earn a profit 盈利
to one's profit 对某人有好处
profit from/by... 从……中获益；从……中得到好处
profit sth. 有益于某事
A profit B (A使B获益)＝B profit from/by A(B从A中获益)
The shop's daily profit is usually around 500 dollars.
这家商店每天的利润一般在500美元左右。
In recent years many football clubs have been run as business to make a profit.
近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。
You will make progress if you can profit by your mistakes.
你如果能从错误中吸取教训，就会取得进步的。
I hope the lesson will profit you.＝I hope you will profit from the lesson.我希望你能从这次教训中获益。
语境助记
Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit．虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她不是主要受利润驱动的。
即学即练　完成句子
①这家公司的利润在快速增长。
The company's ________________ are increasing rapidly.
②读这本书你会受益。
You can profit ________________ reading the book.
③我从他的建议中获益匪浅。
I gained a lot of __________________ his advice.
profits
from
profit from
4 defence (AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守　defend v．防御；保卫；为……辩护/辩解　defensive adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的
(1)come to sb's defence 来为某人辩护
in sb.'s/sth.'s defence＝in defence of sb./sth.为某人/某事辩护；站在……一边
in defence of... 为……辩解/辩护；为了保卫……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
a defence satellite 防御卫星
a defence against 对……的防御物
(2)defend against... 防御……
defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护
defend sb. against/from... 保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
(3)defensive equipment 防御设备
He realised none of his schoolmates would come to his defence.他意识到没有一个同学会挺身为他辩护。
He has mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defence of his actions.
他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
A good diet helps build up the body's natural defence.
良好的饮食有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
联想拓展
protect/shelter...from...
保护……免受……
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
keep sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
即学即练　单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves __________ knife attacks.
②Like their children, parents are often ________ (defence) about their private lives.
③We must make sure that there is no gap in our ________ (defend).
④What talking points can be raised ________ defence of this argument
against/from
defensive
defence
in
5 process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理　processed adj.经加工的，加工过的
(1)in the process 与此同时，在此过程中
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
the learning process 学习过程
(2)process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 处理申请
processed cheese/meat/fish 加工过的奶酪/肉/鱼
We're in the process of selling our old furniture.
我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process.
我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。
Processed food loses a lot of nutrition in the process of being processed.
加工食品在被加工的过程中去掉了许多营养。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'm afraid getting things changed will be ________ slow process.
②All the information was then ready ____________ (process) into film negatives.
③Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ which even the small details of life should be considered.
④More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be ________ (process).
a
to be processed
in
processed
6 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
(1)former president/colleague/glory 前总统/以前的同事/昔日的荣耀
in former times 从前
in the former case 在前一种情况下
(2)the former (两者中的)前者
the latter (两者中的)后者
The former...the latter... 前者……后者……
He was very happy to see his former friends in the bookstore.
在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。
Of swimming and football he prefers the former.
在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。
Alice and Lily are both my close friends. The former is a clerk in a bank and the latter works in a band.
艾丽斯和莉莉都是我亲近的朋友。前者是银行的职员，后者在乐队工作。
语境助记
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
这家人在波特兰市中心租了一座从前的教堂，并安排了一场音乐会。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Of the two articles, I prefer ________ former to the latter.
②我认为前者不比后者好。
I think ________________________ is no better than _____________．
the
the former
the latter
7 official n．官员，要员　adj.公务的，正式的，官方的
a government official 政府官员
bank officials 银行职员
official languages 官方语言
an official announcement/statement/permission 官方公告/声明/许可
make an official visit 进行正式访问
More than one official has served the people heart and soul.
不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。
In the farmer's view, he is a government official.
在那位农民看来，他是一名政府官员。
To our joy, my daughter's application for promotion has got an official permission.
使我们高兴的是，我女儿升职的申请得到了正式的批准。
联想拓展
officer n．[C]工作人员；军官；警察，执法人员
My father is an officer in the army, while her father is an official in the government.我爸爸是部队的军官，而她爸爸是政府官员。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was an ________ (office) in the government office.
②How many members have ________ (official) registered in the club
③Anyone, ____________________ (不管他是一名官员还是) a bus driver, should be equally respected.
④Our factory develops and makes ________________ (办公设备) and teaching facilities.
⑤In some countries, there is more than one ______________________ (官方语言).
official
officially
whether he is an official or
office equipment
official language
8 consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
(1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果
(2)as a consequence of＝in consequence of 作为……的结果，因为，由于(＝as a result of)
(3)as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently 因此，结果(＝as a result)
be a consequence of sth. 是某事的后果
have serious consequences 有严重后果
of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
(4)consequent adj. 随之发生的
the consequent increase in spending 随之引起的消费增长
consequently adv. 结果，因此
If you still stick to your point of view, you will take the consequences of failure.
如果你仍旧坚持自己的观点，你将会承担失败的风险。
As a consequence of hunting too much, a variety of wild animals have died out and others are in danger.
由于过度狩猎，很多野生动物都灭绝了，而另一些则处于危险之中。
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
语境助记
She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.她还接触了牙医，学习更多关于牙齿清洁的知识。因此，她成功地制造了一种只使用天然甜味剂的糖果，这些甜味剂可以减少口腔细菌。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________________ (由于) his being absent, the manager didn't subscribe to his being promoted.
②The problem of global warming is very serious.__________________ (因此), sea level has risen a little.
③I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to ________________________ (承担后果).
As a consequence/result of
As a consequence/result
take the consequences
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident...
今晚来到我们演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯……
[句式分析]　本句用的是一个完全倒装句。
完全倒装
完全倒装的几种情况：
(1)分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be＋主语
当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。
Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
At the foot of the hill lies a small village.
山脚下有一个小村庄。
(2)表示地点/时间/方向/方位等的副词＋谓语＋主语
当把副词there, here, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go, come, run, lie, stand等，然后再接主语(名词)构成完全倒装。
Then came the time we had been looking forward to.
我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。
(3)there＋存在类动词＋主语
there be句型中的be用表示“存在”的动词live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代时，构成完全倒装。
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。
特别提示
在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (bury) in the sands was an ancient village.
②East of the city ________ (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
③____________________ (出席会议的) scientists from all over the world.
Buried
lies
Present at the meeting were
④Once upon a time there __________________ (有个名医) known by the name of Hua Tuo.
⑤Look at the little dog! ________________________ (它跑过来了).
⑥At the school gate __________________________ (坐着一位老太太), waiting to see her grandson.
⑦中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
There ________________________ in higher education between China and America.
lived a famous doctor
Here it runs
sat an old woman
exist many differences
2 (教材原句)We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs．
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。主句使用了现在完成进行时have been doing，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去；even though引导让步状语从句。
even though引导的让步状语从句
even though (＝even if)意为“即使，纵然，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Even though/if I fail this time, I will try again.
我即使这次失败了，也会再次尝试。
They won't go to the party even though/if they are invited.
他们即使受到邀请，也不会去参加那个聚会。
名师点津
even though的易混短语为as though。as though(＝as if)意为“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
当说话人认为所说的情况是事实时，就用陈述语气；当说话人认为所说的情况可能不是事实时，则用虚拟语气。
语境助记
It looks as though/if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。(陈述语气)
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.(虚拟语气)
整个事情我都记得很清楚，就像发生在昨天一样。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________ (尽管) the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
②Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____________ (即使) they are different from your own.
Even though/if
even though/if
3 (教材原句)With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
[句式分析]　本句中用到“with＋宾语＋介词短语”复合结构。
with复合结构
“with＋复合宾语”又称“with复合结构”，复合宾语中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。该结构在句中表示状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下：
(1)with＋名词/代词＋名词
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还在上学。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了再见。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋形容词(强调名词/代词的特性或状态)
Don't speak with your mouth full.
嘴巴里塞满食物时不要说话。
(4)with＋名词/代词＋副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
(5)with＋名词/代词＋-ed分词(强调名词/代词是-ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
The girl stood there still, with eyes fixed on the wall.
女孩一动不动地站在那里，眼睛盯着墙。
(6)with＋名词/代词＋-ing分词(强调名词/代词是-ing分词动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)
I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
(7)with＋名词/代词＋to do(强调不定式动作尚未发生)
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我不能出门。
语境助记
We were driving along a river with trees on both sides．
我们正开车沿着一条两岸都是树的小河前行。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The square looks more beautiful than ever ________ all the lights on.
②All the afternoon he worked with the door ________ (lock).
③He felt uneasy with the whole class ________ (stare) at him.
④With the field levelled and irrigation channels ________ (control) the volume of water (水量), no such problem arose again.
⑤So in the afternoon, with nothing ________ (do), I went to the cinema.
⑥________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
with
locked
staring
controlling
to do
With
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nearly one-quarter of the ________ (住户) in the harbor earn their living on the water.
2．For those who come to the exhibition, the attraction of china is ________ (完全地) beyond expression.
3．It is obvious that the old ________ (政策) is a barrier to promoting economic growth in the area.
4．It will take a long time for the city to recover from the harm caused by the one-week-long violent ________ (抗议).
residents
entirely
policy
protest
5．Towering town walls were built as a ________ (防御) against enemy attacks.
6．The business agreement broke down for the company was not likely to make a ________ (利润) on the deal.
7．It will take a week or so for your application to be ________ (处理).
8．It was merciless of the people to rub this kind of ________ (毒药) on spears to kill wildlife.
9．With ________ (更多的) efforts, you will manage to build up confidence in yourself.
defence
profit
processed
poison
further
10．It is a custom that a great many ________ (以前的) pupils will attend a farewell dinner.
11．His ________ (正式的) visit to Beijing is scheduled to start on January 16th on the lunar calendar.
12．The skill of making and marketing snacks has helped the villagers get out of ________ (贫穷).
13．After the experiment, please set the acid ________ (化学制品) and tools aside.
14．She clapped her hands in delight after reading the article on ________ (回收利用).
15．It sprang to mind that he could light the ________ (树枝) and warm himself up.
former
official
poverty
chemicals
recycling
branches
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．________________ his continuous attempt, the capable and determined young man managed to solve the confusing problem.
2．The power failure ____________ inconvenience to people's life up to now.
As a consequence of
has given rise to
3．The food processing plant _____________ one million yuan per year.
4．It's said that Lucy ________________ a new apartment in the past few weeks.
5．As for the two sorts of proposals, ____________ is much more practical than ____________．
6．_____________ learning Chinese, your interest, determination and hard work will have an impact.
7．Mr. Green stood up ____________ the boy, saying he was not the one to blame for the damage.
makes a profit of
has been searching for
the former
the latter
In the process of
in defence of
8．There was a time when most households in our town had a low income and lived ____________．
9．We must work ____________ to find a solution to the problem of environmental pollution.
10．The earlier you ____________ smoking, the more likely you are to shelter yourself from serious illnesses in later life.
in poverty
hand in hand
get rid of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The drugstore chain is faced with an ________ (economy) problem.
2．In the summer, we often get bitten by ________ (poison) insects.
3．I send my application letter to a firm which profits ________ selling goods and services.
4．The bridegroom who had grown up in ________ (poor) thanked the guests for their generous help when he was young.
5．The workers marched to protest ________ the announcement.
economic
poisonous
by
poverty
against
6．Nancy suggested at the annual meeting that students should be trained in ________ (defend) of some attacks.
7．Due to our unawareness of their policy on the environment, 90% of the plastic bottles do not get ________ (recycle).
8．We wanted to make a fire, but dry ________ (branch) were nowhere to be found.
9．In the social organization, Richard was senior ________ anyone else.
10．We don't allow farmers to take up pandas' habitat as ________ consequence of farming or other development.
defence
recycled
branches
to
a
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．即使可能失去一切，我也决定试一试。(even though)
___________________________________________________________
2．中国依赖外国石油的日子已经一去不复返了。(倒装)
___________________________________________________________
3．随着时间的流逝，他意识到诚实的重要性。(with复合结构)
___________________________________________________________
4．爱护濒临灭绝的动物和保护森林免遭破坏是我们的职责。(duty)
___________________________________________________________
I am determined to have a try even though I may risk losing everything.
Gone are the days when China had to depend on foreign oil.
With time going by, he realized the importance of honesty.
It's our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from destruction.
5．我准备了两个包裹以备不时之需。前者给你，后者给我。(package, the former...the latter...)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．昨天雨下得很大，结果开幕式推迟了。(as a consequence, ceremony)
___________________________________________________________
I have prepared two packages for emergency. The former is for you while the latter is for me.
It rained heavily yesterday, and as a consequence, the opening ceremony was put off.
7．节约用水是我们的责任，节约用电是我们的责任，节约资源是我们的责任。(排比)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It's our duty to save water. It's our duty to save electricity. It's our duty to save resources.
阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster areA． Nauru's heartbreaking story may have one good result—other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Snow Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining for the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines phosphate, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroyed the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take nearly $ 433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太平洋岛国瑙鲁因对矿产资源过度开采而造成无法挽回的后果。
1．What might be the author's purpose of writing the text？(　　)
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries.
C．To show the importance of money.
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
答案：B
解析：考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“other countries might learn from its mistakes”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是给其他国家一个警示，希望它们能够从中吸取教训，故选B。
2．What did the ecological disaster in Nauru result from？(　　)
A．The soil pollution.
B．The phosphate overmining.
C．The farming activity.
D．The whale hunting.
答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据文章内容可知，瑙鲁的生态危机是由过度开采磷酸盐造成的。
3．Which of the following is a cause of Nauru's financial problem？(　　)
A．Its leaders misused the money.
B．It spent too much repairing the island.
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses”可知，造成瑙鲁财政危机的原因包括其领导人投资不明智，并且把钱用在个人消费上，故A项正确。
4．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph？(　　)
A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D．The phosphate will be mined further.
答案：A
解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后两句可知，修复瑙鲁的生态环境需要大量的金钱投入以及二十多年的时间，由此可推知被破坏的生态环境很难修复。
B
Since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest, Mount Qomolangma's peak is no longer a lonely place and is turning into a trash heap.
So far, a large number of climbers have successfully reached the peak. And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks (狭窄路段) on the way to the peak, a situation that isn't just uncomfortable—it's cold and windy up there—but downright dangerous. If bad weather strikes, climbers can die.
As a matter of fact, the dangerous crowds aren't the only problem on Mount QomolangmA． All those climbers need to bring a lot of gear—and much of it ends up being left on the mountain, sometimes even the peak itself. Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world's largest rubbish dump. Here's mountaineer Mark Jenkins' writing in National Geographic about the state of Mount Qomolangma, “The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are badly polluted with oxygen cans and torn tents everywhere.”
But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking on the work to clean up Mount QomolangmA． Mountaineer Paul Thelen and his friend Eberhard Schaaf are part of the annual Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish from base camps to the peak since 2008.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for a higher purpose. As part of the Mt. Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage brought down the mountain by climbers.
They've transformed the cans and oxygen tanks—and in one case, part of the remains of a helicopter—into 74 pieces of art that have already gone on exhibition in Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales will go to an association, which has helped collect tons of rubbish on the slopes of the mountain.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于很多人攀登珠峰，现在那里正在变成一个垃圾堆。然而好消息是一些登山者正主动承担起清理珠穆朗玛峰上的垃圾的责任。
5．What do we learn about the bottleneck on the way to Mount Qomolangma's peak？(　　)
A．They are relatively safe. B．They are often crowded.
C．They are very easy to pass. D．They are sites of base camps.
答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And they have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks (狭窄路段) on the way to the peak, a situation that isn't just uncomfortable”可知，攀登者在通过去珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的狭窄路段时要等很长时间，故可知狭窄路段经常很拥挤。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “gear” mean？(　　)
A．Equipment for climbing mountains.
B．The food climbers brought onto the mountain.
C．Some important machines used in the bottlenecks.
D．Some rubbish found on the mountain.
答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。结合语境并根据第三段中的“The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are badly polluted with oxygen cans and torn tents everywhere”可知，两个线路都完全被氧气罐和撕破的帐篷弄脏了，所以可以推测画线词指的是登山者用的登山设备。故选A项。
7．The group of 15 Nepali artists ________．(　　)
A．created works of art using rubbish from Mount Qomolangma
B．were employed to recycle the rubbish
C．climbed Mount Qomolangma and collected 1.5 tons of trash
D．painted 74 beautiful pictures of Mount Qomolangma's peak
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的第二句和第三句可知，由15个尼泊尔艺术家组成的小组用珠峰上的垃圾创作出了艺术品。故选A。
8．What can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Economical Travel Proves Successful
B．Mount Qomolangma Has Hope of Being Clean
C．How to Protect Yourself on Mount Qomolangma
D．Recycle Rubbish on Mount Qomolangma
答案：B
解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章的内容，尤其是第一段“Since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest, Mount Qomolangma's peak is no longer a lonely place and is turning into a trash heap”和第四段中的“But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking on the work to clean up Mount Qomolangma”可知，由于很多人攀登上珠峰，随处丢弃用完的装备，现在那里正在变成一个垃圾堆，但是有些人正主动承担清理珠峰垃圾的责任，使珠峰变干净。故选B项。
C
“True friendship is like sound health. The value of it is seldom known until it is lost，” Charles Caleb Colton said. Just like in any other relationship, arguments and fights are also part of friendship. You will hardly find friends who have never fought with one another. Whatever the reason is, if a person feels that he is responsible for causing the differences, it is important that he should apologize to his friend.
Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him. This will make your friend realize that your efforts of saying sorry are genuine and that you really care about him.
Points to Remember：
Timing: Write the letter at the proper time. It is not advisable to put it off for too long.
Words: While you are writing the letter, what matters most is that you truly feel sorry.
Sequence: Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake. Then explain to him your side of the story. In the third and last paragraph, talk about what his friendship means to you and make a promise of not repeating the mistake.
Delivery: You should either post the letter or deliver it personally or through someone else. You can also keep it at a location where your friend will be able to find it easily.
Some people may try to point out the friend's mistake while writing the letter. Avoid this completely, as it can make matters worse. The letter has to be brief and should only talk about the subject that has led to your apology. Keep patient and do not expect immediate results. In some cases, it may take time for the person to forgive and forget.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了真正的友谊就像健康一样，人们只有在失去时才会知道它的重要价值。文章介绍了朋友之间存在不和谐时如何通过写道歉信来修复关系并维持好的友谊。
9．What is the author's purpose of mentioning the saying in the first paragraph？(　　)
A．To let readers study the famous saying.
B．To introduce the topic of the passage.
C．To show who is Charles Caleb Colton.
D．To tell readers the importance of health.
答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。文章首段讲真正的友谊就像健康一样重要，人们只有在失去时才知道它的价值，下文则介绍了如何修复关系并维持好的友谊，由此推断作者引用Charles Caleb Colton的话是为了引入文章的主题。
10．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “genuine”？(　　)
A．Sincere. B．General.
C．Open. D．Careful.
答案：A
解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“you really care about him”可知，此处表示这会让你的朋友意识到你的道歉是真诚的，故可推断该词与sincere为近义词，表示“真诚的”。
11．What is the best way to apologize to others？(　　)
A．Sending an email.
B．Sending text messages.
C．Chatting online.
D．Writing a letter.
答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him”可知，作者认为最好的道歉方式是写信。
12．What should you do when writing a letter of apology？(　　)
A．Try to point out the friend's mistake.
B．Make the letter long and interesting.
C．Begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake.
D．Write the importance of your friendship in the first paragraph.
答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据文中倒数第三段的“Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake”可知，写道歉信时，你应该为你的错误道歉。

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