资源简介

(共135张PPT)
Section B　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 飓风
2．____________ n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
3．____________ n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
4．____________ n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
5．____________ n. 全体职工；管理人员
vt. 在……工作，任职于
hurricane
conference
supply
charity
staff
6．____________ n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
7．____________ n. 资金；基金
8．____________ n. 洪水，水灾；大量
vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
9．____________ adv. 在楼下，往楼下
n. 楼下
10．____________ n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
11．____________ n. (爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜
12．____________ adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
slide
fund
flood
downstairs
document
honey
otherwise
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→________ adj.震惊的；愤慨的→________ adj.令人震惊的，令人憎恶的
2．________ vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→________ adj.害怕的
3．________ n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→________ adj.有权势的；强有力的；健壮的；有强烈作用的
4．________ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→________ n．捐赠物；捐助
5．________ adj.好奇的，奇特的→________ n．好奇心
shock
shocked
shocking
scare
scared
power
powerful
donate
donation
curious
curiosity
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 停电
2．________________ 用完，耗尽
3．________________ 记下……
4．________________ 详细地
5．________________ 通读，查阅
6．________________ 立刻，马上
7．________________ 想要去做某事
power failure
run out of
take notes of...
in detail
go through
right away
be curious to do sth.
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．飓风一定造成了许多损失和痛苦。
The hurricane _______________ a lot of damage and suffering.
2．这使她感到紧张。
It was ________________________________．
3．爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们的重要文件和避难物资装进一个袋子里。
Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, ________ Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
must have caused
making her nervous
while
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动　vt.使震惊　shocking adj.令人震惊的，惹人憎恶的　shocked adj.惊愕的，震惊的
(1)be in a state of shock 惊魂未定/处于休克状态
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊(抽象名词具体化)
give sb. a shock 震惊某人
suffer from shock 陷入休克状态
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
It is a shock that... ……令人震惊。
(2)It shocks sb. to see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊
What shocks sb. most is that... 最令某人震惊的是……
It shocks sb. that... ……令某人震惊。
It shocks sb. to do sth. 做某事令某人震惊。
(3)be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊
be shocked to see/hear... 震惊地看到/听到……
be shocked that... 对……感到震惊
a piece of shocking news 一条令人震惊的消息
The news was a great shock, but she got over it soon.
那消息太令人震惊了，但她很快恢复了平静。
The shock of the earthquake was felt for miles.
几英里以外的人们都能感觉到地震。
The seniors in the nursing home are in a state of shock during the hurricane.
养老院的老人在飓风期间都处于震惊的状态。
The news that a typhoon would hit this region was a great shock to the residents here.
台风将袭击这一地区的消息对这里的居民来说是一个极大的震惊。
She was deeply hurt and shocked by what Smith had said.
史密斯的话深深地伤害了她，并使她感到吃惊。
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居那样对待孩子我很震惊。
The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
警示
shock用作名词时多用作不可数名词，但与不定冠词连用时表示“一件令人震惊的事”，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。
语境助记
This is shocking news. It has shocked everyone, and everyone is shocked at the news.这是令人震惊的消息，它震惊了每个人，每个人都对这个消息感到震惊。
All the people present at the meeting felt shocked at the decision announced by the manager.
出席会议的所有人都对经理宣布的决定感到震惊。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①We felt curious (as to) how she received the ________ (shock) news.
②It ________ (shock) us the moment we saw how the wildlife was badly treated.
③Jones was ________ (shock) when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
④His death was ________ great shock to the family.
⑤They were shocked ________ (learn) that the flight their son took crashed.
shocking
shocked
shocked
a
to learn
2 scare vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬；使害怕　vi.受惊吓；害怕　n．惊恐；恐慌
(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare/frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到害怕。
give sb. a scare 吓某人一跳
(2)scared adj. 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的
be scared/frightened/afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared/frightened to death 吓死
be scared that... 恐惧……；害怕……
(3)scary adj. 可怕的；恐怖的
a scary moment 恐怖的一刻
a scary movie 恐怖电影
The high price is scaring away possible buyers.
高昂的价格，把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。
The salesman scared the old lady into signing the paper by threatening to take away the goods.
推销员威胁要拿走货物，吓得那老妇人在单据上签了字。
The appearance of the fierce shark in the distance almost scared me to death.
远处凶猛的鲨鱼的出现几乎把我吓死了。
It scared me to think that I would spend the whole night in the valley alone.
一想到要在山谷里独自度过整晚，我就害怕。
There's been quite a scare about the possible side effects of this new drug.
这种新药可能产生的副作用造成了相当大的恐慌。
The sound of the explosion gave me quite a scare.
爆炸声把我吓了一大跳。
I'm certainly not scared of him.我当然不怕他。
联想拓展
表示“吓人的”形容词小结：
frightening吓人的
terrifying极其可怕的
terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears ________．
②When we are getting excited, angry or ________ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a ________ (scare) moment.
④It was a ________ adventure and we felt ________ at the thought of it.(scare)
⑤Many customers have been scared ________ buying organic food.
⑥The little girl was so scared ________ (see) the snake that she couldn't move.
off
scared
scary
scary
scared
into
to see
3 power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量　vt.驱动，推动(机器或车辆)
a power failure/cut 停电
power supply 电力供应
a power plant 发电厂
wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能
be in power 执政
the power of speech 说话的能力
come into/to power 开始掌权/执政
take power 夺取政权
within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one's power 超出某人的能力/权力
powerful adj. 强大的，强有力的
Parts of our town have had power cuts because of the storms.
我们镇的部分地区由于暴风雨而停电了。
Solar power is known as an ideal energy.
太阳能被视为理想的能源。
I will make efforts to help you within my power.
我将尽我所能帮助你。
It is beyond my power to make profits in such a short time.
在这么短的时间里赚取利润不是我力所能及的。
China is a country where the people are in power.
中国是个人民掌权的国家。
The new president came into power last month.
新总统上个月开始执政。
It's said that this kind of battery could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge.
据说这种电池充电一次就能驱动电动汽车行驶600英里。
辨析比较　power, force, strength与energy
易混词 词义 形容词 举例
power 能力；权力；电力 powerful强大的 power station发电站
force 武力；暴力；部队 forceful使用武力的 by force通过武力
strength 体力；力气，也可指强项、长处 strong强壮的 with all her strength
用尽她全身的力气
energy 主要指能源或人的精力 energetic精力充沛的 be full of energy精力充沛
熟词生义
power vt.给……提供动力
power the aircraft给飞机提供动力
语境助记
The army officer, full of energy and great strength, finally took power by force．
这位军官精力充沛，力气巨大，终于以武力夺取了政权。
即学即练　判断下列句子中power的词性及含义/单句语法填空
①According to a recent survey, women are more likely than men to take on signs of unhappiness and anxiety when they are in a position of great power at work.________________
②The low cost is one reason why using geothermal (地热的) power should be the first choice for many countries.________________
③One day your pocket might power your smartphone. Soon you may never have to worry about your smartphone running out of power.________________
n.权力
n.能量
vt.驱动；n.电，电力
④Your beliefs are very ________ (power) and have the power ________ (create) your life.
⑤I'm afraid it's not ________ my power to get the work done in such a short time.
⑥I am sorry it's ________ my power to make a final decision on the project.
powerful
to create
within
beyond
4 run out of用完，用光；从……流出；从……跑出
run out＝give out 用完(主语是物，无被动语态)
run out of 用完(主语为人，主动语态)
use up 用完(主语为人用主动语态，主语为物用被动语态)
We should buy some food in advance because our food will soon run out.
＝We should buy some food in advance because we are running out of our food.
我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃光了。
With my masks running out, I need to buy some.
＝With my masks used up, I need to buy some.
我的口罩用光了，我需要再买些。
The wine ran out of the barrel through a hole in its bottom.
葡萄酒从桶底的一个裂口处流了出来。
即学即练　判断下列句子中run out of的含义/选词填空：run out of/run out/use up/give out
①No sooner had they run out of the house than it fell down.__________
②So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing them all.________________
③With no rain for months and food supplies ______________________， the situation there was getting from bad to worse.
④They ________________ their money and had to abandon the project.
⑤My money has _______________________. I'd better go to the bank to draw some.
从……跑出
用完，耗尽
running out/giving out/used up
ran out of/used up
run out/given out/been used up
5 supply n．[pl.]补给品，补给　[U]供应；[C]供应量，储量　vt.(尤指大量)供应，供给，提供
(1)food/water/gas/electricity supply 食物/水/煤气/电供给
cut off the water supply 切断水源供应
be in short supply 供应短缺
a supply of 一批；许多
supplies of... ……的供应
supply and demand 供应与需求
(2) 向……提供某物
Supply exceeds demand.供过于求。
Demand exceeds supply.供不应求。
Our supplies were running out.我们的补给快用完了。
Because the supply of apples exceeds demand in the market, they have to be sold at a low price.
由于市场上苹果供过于求，它们只能低价出售了。
I've only got a week's supply of tablets left.
剩下的药片只够我一周的量了。
He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I was writing the report.我写报告时，他一直不停地给我续咖啡。
He offered to supply her with another ticket free of charge.
他主动为她免费提供另外一张票。
A company supplying heating oil to homes caught fire on Sunday.一家向住户提供取暖燃油的公司在星期日失火了。
辨析比较　supply/provide/offer
易混词 区别 搭配
supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意。 supply sb./sth. with sth.
＝supply sth. to sb./sth.
provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物，尤其是生活必需品。 provide sb. with sth.
＝provide sth. for sb.
offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等。 offer to do sth.
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Every month, he still visits the same park to hand out clothes, food, and other ________ (supply) to people who are hungry or homeless.
②We offer an excellent education ________ our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
③The media supplies us ________ lots of information every day.
④Summer Company provides students ________ hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
supplies
to
with
with
⑤随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。
As the world's population continues to grow, ________________ becomes more and more of a concern.
⑥我们的供水被切断了，因为他们在修一条主管道。
Our ________________ has been cut off because they are repairing one of the main pipes.
the supply of food
water supply
6donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠，赠送；献(血)，捐献(器官)　donation n．捐赠　donor n．捐赠者，捐赠机构)
(1)donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某机构
donate money to a worthy cause 为有价值的事业捐款
donate some money to help the people in need捐一些钱来帮助有需要的人
donate blood 献血
(2)make a donation (of sth. to...) (向……)捐赠(某物)
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.我发现假期前是鼓励孩子们捐赠不常用物品的好时机，而且效果很好。
Before graduation, many students in our school donated their books to the school library for the students in lower grades to use.
毕业前夕，我们学校的许多学生把他们的书捐赠给学校图书馆供低年级学生使用。
Many people donated that type of blood to rescue the severely injured boy.
许多人献了那个血型的血来救那个严重受伤的男孩儿。
The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims.
这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。
特别提示
donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要用介词to构成donate sth. to sb./sth.。有类似用法的词还有：introduce, explain等。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys ________ a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
②The ________ refused to tell his name after ________ a large sum of money.(donate)
③An old man donated most of his money ________ the school damaged by the earthquake and he is highly respected for his ________ (donate).
to
donor
donating
to
donation
7 go through通读，查阅；穿过，通过；经历；仔细察看，检查；(法律、合同等正式)通过
go through one's papers 仔细检查试卷
go through many difficulties 经历很多困难
go through a stage 经历某一时期
go through all one's savings 花光某人所有积蓄
(1)通读，查阅。为及物短语动词。相当于look through。
He has the habit of going through newspapers after getting up.
他有起床之后浏览报纸的习惯。
(2)穿过，通过。为及物短语动词。
The rope is too thick to go through the hole.
绳子太粗，穿不过这个孔。
(3)经历，遭受。为及物短语动词，相当于experience。
Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believe we can.
去经历那些似乎不可能做到的事情，去取得我们从不相信自己能取得的成就。
(4)仔细察看，检查，审查。为及物短语动词。相当于go over。
I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes.
如果你能仔细检查我的论文并作必要的修改，我将不胜感激。
(5)(法律、合同等正式)通过。为不及物短语动词。主语通常为物。
The plan went through at the meeting, which made us all quite happy.会议通过了这项计划，这使我们都非常高兴。
归纳拓展
(1)go构成的其他短语：
go ahead先走；开始做；请吧，说吧
go over复习；检查
go against违背；违反
go by(时间)过去；遵循
go down下降，下跌
go out出去；(灯、火)熄灭
go in for爱好；从事
(2)through构成的短语：
look through快速查看，浏览
see through看穿，识破
get through通过(考试等)；完成；(用电话)接通；(帮助某人)渡过(难关)
break through冲破，突破
即学即练　完成句子
①—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
Oh, dear! She must have ______________________ (经历了很多困难).
②As you ________________________ (浏览这本书), you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
③The mechanic _____________________ (检查了发动机) but found nothing wrong.
gone through a lot of difficulties
go through this book
went over/through the engine
8 flood n．洪水，水灾；大量　vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
(1)flood warnings 水灾警告
flood damage 洪涝灾害
cause floods 引发水灾
fight against floods 抗击洪水
be in flood (河水)泛滥
a flood of... 大量……
(2)flood in/into... 大量涌入(……)
flood back (感觉或回忆)突然涌现
flood out (洪水)迫使离开(家园)；淹没
flood out of sth. 从……蜂拥而出
flood...with... 把……大量送至……；使……充满……
be flooded with sth. 大量收到某物
The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.
暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。
The whole town was in flood after the heavy rain.
大雨过后，整个城镇都淹了水。
There was a flood of complaints about the bad language after the show.
演出结束后，对其语言之拙劣议论纷纷。
The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley.
河水冲破堤岸，淹没了山谷。
Application letters flooded in.
申请书像潮水般涌来。
Cheap plastic bowls and buckets flood (into) the market.
价格低廉的塑料碗和塑料桶充斥着市场。
语境助记
Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people.
数百人的捐款开始如潮水般涌来。
Most of the people who were flooded out during the storm have now returned home.
大多数在暴雨期间因洪水被迫离开的人现在已返回家园。
即学即练　完成句子
①The charity received ____________ (大量的) thankful telegrams and letters.
②Requests for information __________ (涌入) after the advertisement.
③The girl's eyes ________________ (充满) tears.
④Thousands of people ________________________ (被迫离开家园).
a flood of
flooded in
were flooded with
were flooded out
9 otherwise adv.否则，要不然；另外，除此之外
The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
I will try my best to do it. I would not make a promise otherwise.
我会尽全力去做的，否则我就不会作出承诺。
There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent.
楼上有些音乐声。除此以外，房子里静悄悄的。
This car is a little old, but otherwise it's in perfect condition.
这辆车有点旧了，但除此之外它状况良好。
The alarm clock didn't go off. Otherwise, he wouldn't have got up late.
闹钟没有响，要不然他就不会起床晚了。
Without air, there would be no living things.
没有空气，便没有生物。
But for your help, I wouldn't have passed the exam.
如果没有你的帮助，我就不会通过考试。
特别提示
otherwise还常用于引起含蓄型虚拟语气句，表示如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一件事，该句谓语部分多用“would/could have done”。
搭配
otherwise known as又称，也叫
or otherwise或其反面，或相反
New York, otherwise known as “Big Apple” is a big city in America.
纽约，又称“大苹果”是美国一大城市。
Let's discuss the merits or otherwise of the method.
咱们讨论下这方法的优缺点。
语境助记
We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand.
当时我们不知道你遇到了麻烦，否则我们会帮助你的。
即学即练　判断下列句子中otherwise的含义
①—Do you have Betty's phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.________________
②They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.________________
否则，要不然
除此以外
10 curious adj.好奇的；奇特的；求知欲强的　curiosity n．好奇心　curiously adv.好奇地
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do 很想做/急于做/渴望做……
It is curious that... ……是奇怪的。
(2)arouse one's curiosity about... 唤起某人对……的好奇
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity (＝curiously) 好奇地
curiosity about sth./to do sth. 对/做……的好奇心
satisfy/meet one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth. 有做某事的好奇心
show curiosity about 对……显示出好奇
Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
对于你不该知道的事情别感到太好奇。
He was curious about how to make a toy.
他对怎样制作玩具感到好奇。
I'm curious to know how he can break down the complex sentence.
我很想知道他是如何分解这个复杂句子的。
It was curious that the cattle disappeared that afternoon.
奇怪的是，那天下午牛不见了。
语境助记
①She was curious about how the experts did it.她很好奇专家们是怎样做的。
②Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.
怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She watched ________ (curious) as I opened the box.
②I asked him about his age out ________ curiosity.
③We were curious ________ (know) where she had gone.
④I'm curious ________ what will happen next.
⑤We were burning with ________ (curious) to know what had happened.
curiously
of
to know
about
curiosity
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering.
飓风一定造成了许多损失和痛苦。
[句式分析]　本句的谓语动词用的是must have done结构
must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。
即学即练　完成句子
①—I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice.
—Oh, it ______________________ (肯定是我的弟弟), Peter.
②—Is Mr. Smith in
—There isn't any Mr. Smith here. You ____________________________ (肯定打错电话了).
③It's already 11 o'clock. He ____________________ (一定在睡觉) now.
must have been my brother
must have dialed the wrong number
must be sleeping
2 (教材原句)It was making her nervous．这使她感到紧张。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句，make her nervous为“make＋宾语＋形容词”结构，形容词nervous在此作宾补。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
make在此作使役动词，意为“使……”，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾补常用形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。注意：make后的宾补不能用现在分词。具体用法如下：
(1)make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使……变得……”。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
(2)make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……”，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则其前不用冠词。
Most singers make music their career.
很多歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
We made him leader of our team.
我们让他当队长。
(3)make＋名词/代词＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“使某人/某物做某事”。注意：该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
What he said made all of us laugh.→(被动语态)All of us were made to laugh by what he said.
他的话让我们都笑起来。
My legs just weren't made to run like his.
我的腿就是不像他那样能跑。
(4)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”，构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.
我的德语不太好，但我能清楚地表达自己的意思。
特别提示
当宾语是不定式(的复合结构)或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置，即构成“make＋it＋宾补
(＋for sb.)＋不定式/从句”。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。
The man made it clear that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Love is what makes you ________ (smile) when you are tired.
②It's too noisy. I can't make my voice ________ (hear).
③The little girl was made ________ (stay) at home alone when her parents left home.
④He made his plan ________ (know) to the whole class.
⑤The present financial situation has made ________ more urgent than ever for this company to change its development model.
smile
heard
to stay
known
it
3 (教材原句)Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们的重要文件和避难物资装进一个袋子里。
[句式分析]　while可用作并列连词，表示对比或相反，意为“然而，而”，放在两个分句之间。
while的用法总结
(1)while可作并列连词，连接前后两个并列分句，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
My shabby house was greatly damaged in the typhoon while the high buildings were still in good condition.
我那破旧的房子在台风中遭到了严重的破坏，而那些高楼仍然完好无损。
(2)while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
(3)while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”，常常放于句首。
While I admit advantages, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，我还是能看到他的缺点。
(4)只要
While there's life there is hope.只要活着就有希望。
特别提示
while“在……期间，当……时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词，此时它等同于when。
While/When he was in Paris, he developed a taste for art.
在巴黎期间，他培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She lives on the ground floor, ________ he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
②__________________ I am willing to help, I do not have much time.
③In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, ________ in others, knives and forks.
④My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, ____________________________ (而我自己有很多事要做).
while
While/Although/Though
while
while I had plenty to do myself　
⑤________________________________________ (虽然我承认这个问题很难), I don't agree that it cannot be solved.
While/Although/Though I admit the problem is difficult
4（教材原句）Floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall.
洪水并不总是由强降雨引起的。
[句式分析]　(1)总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, everywhere, always, altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Both of them are not reliable.＝Not both of them are reliable.
他们两个人并非都可靠。
(2)全部否定：none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等表示全部否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示全部否定。
None of my friends came.
我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
Not every student goes home on Sunday.
并非每个学生星期天都回家。
In school, all student don't study hard.＝Not all students study hard in school.
在学校里，并非所有的学生都努力学习。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We've got two TV sets, but ________ works properly.
②That was why ________ of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the crosscountry team.
③A smile costs ________， but gives much.
④森林的底层并不像电影里那样全是杂乱的树叶和灌木丛，而是相当干净的。
The ground floor of the forest is ________ tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear.
⑤我父母并不总是支持我的决定。
My parents are ________ in favour of my decision.
neither
none
nothing
not all
not always
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We all think his mother will be ________ (震惊的) upon hearing his great economic losses.
2．“Do not be ________ (害怕的) to make mistakes and do not ignore your responsibilities，” the senior often warns the young man.
3．He has lost the ________ (能力) of speech entirely. That's to say, he can't speak any longer.
4．This organization has won a contract to ________ (提供) books and materials to the school.
shocked
scared　
power　
supply
5．You need to know that every time you ________ (捐赠) clothes, nuts, toys or books to the poor children, you are helping others.
6．He has donated all his money to the ________ (慈善机构), which is of course a non-profit organization.
7．The majority of the ________ (全体职员) working in the organization are volunteers.
8．From nowhere came a loud crash, which frightened him as white as a ________ (纸张).
donate
charity
staff
sheet
9．Many homeless people ________ (涌进) into the shelter due to the war.
10．There is a branch company __________ (楼下).
11．This ________ (文件) will be circulated (传阅) to all members of the committee.
12．My parents lent me much money. Thus, I bought so expensive a car. ________ (否则) I couldn't have afforded it.
13．________ (好奇的) tourists and reporters from around the globe are flooding into the peaceful but mysterious villages.
flooded
downstairs
document
Otherwise
Curious
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The media have broadcast the news ____________ saying that we will have another good harvest year in agriculture.
2．As we all know, mankind has ____________ many complex evolutions before it becomes what it is now.
in detail
gone through
3．As was expected, the sudden appearance of the shark ________ all the fish ________ there.
4．Online addiction has harmed him greatly, but it is ____________ to get rid of it.
5．He ____________ the gas in the car, so the car broke down halfway.
6．Food and fresh water are ____________ in the flood-stricken region.
7．The businessman ____________ masses of clothes, food and money ____________ the local charity.
scared
away/off
beyond his power
ran out of
in short supply
donated
to
8．The article published on the journal ____________ the serious problem of starvation on the African continent.
9．As _____________ of this company, what you should do is to observe the rules and devote yourself to making it better.
10．They ____________ a charity after the disaster.
referred to
a member of staff
raised funds for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．“When we walked into that room, she was obviously ________ (shock)，” the photographer said.
2．Seeing a fierce tiger, the deer was almost ________ (scare) to half death and ran away as quickly as possible.
3．In the face of ________ (power) natural disasters, mankind looks very small.
4．It is illegal for public officials to get money or gifts by supplying favors ________ somebody else.
shocked
scared　
powerful
to
5．The young man always supplies neighboring communities ________ gas.
6．Pictures of starving children in poverty have led many people to make a ________ (donate) of money.
7．He explained the process of the experiment ________ great detail.
8．The deal did not go ________ because of the protest of the local people.
9．My progress in reading raised my ________ (curious), and I wanted to know everything.
10．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must _____________ (practise) many times last week.
with
donation　
in
through　
curiosity
have practised
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．有一天我在去叔叔家的途中由于大雾迷路了。(on the way to, due to)
___________________________________________________
2．所有人看到那高耸入云的黑烟时都吓坏了。他们担心这是加油站爆炸引起的。(It shocks sb. to do sth., towering, gas)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
One day I was lost on the way to my uncle's home due to the thick fog.
It shocked everyone to see the towering black smoke. They were worried that it had resulted from the explosion of the gas station.
3．骗子经常吓唬一些老年人转钱给他们，说他们的孩子出车祸受伤在医院治疗。(scare sb. into doing sth., injured)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．他上台时，承诺让居民过上更好的日子是他的职责。从那时起，他致力于改善当地经济。(come to power, resident, duty, devote)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cheats often scare some old people into transferring money to them, saying that their children have been injured in a car accident and are being treated in the hospital.
When he came to power, he promised that it was his duty to make life better for residents. Since then, he has devoted himself to improving the local economy.
5．那位工程师详细地介绍了这种产品的生产过程，这唤起了我对这个领域的兴趣。(go into detail, process, awake)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6．大量劣质的塑料碗和桶涌入市场，这绝对会损害人的健康。(mass, flood into, harm)
___________________________________________________________________________________
The engineer went into detail about the production process of this product, which awoke my interest in this field.
Masses of plastic bowls and buckets of poor quality have flooded into market, which absolutely harm people's health.
7．履行诺言是很重要的；否则空洞的承诺只会损害我们的名声。(live up to, otherwise, damage)
____________________________________________________________________________
8．既然你们中的许多人打算在大学学习，甚至出国留学，你们可能很想知道典型的大学生活是什么样的。(overseas, curious, typical)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is of great importance to live up to our promises; otherwise empty promises would only damage our fame.
Since many of you are planning to study at university, or even study overseas, you may be curious to know what a typical college life is like.
语法精讲②
1．不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词(也叫中心词)。动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。
(1)主谓关系
不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行的。可以改成定语从句。
①不定式可用来修饰人。
He is a man to finish his task best.
他是任务完成得最好的人。
→He is a man who has finished his task best.
He was a brave man to admit what he had done.
他是个敢做敢当的勇敢之人。
→He was a brave man who could admit what he had done.
②不定式可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。
The next train to arrive was from New York.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
→The next train which would arrive was from New York.
The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.
下个月将在北京召开的世界数学大会一定会取得圆满成功。
→The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.
(2)动宾关系
不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系，可改成定语从句。跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for sb./sth.指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。
①及物动词不定式：动词不定式直接放在所修饰的中心词之后。
Do you have anything to say (that you will say)？你有什么要说的吗？
This is a delicious cake for you to eat (which you can eat).这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。
②不及物动词不定式：由于不定式跟中心词有动宾关系，因此不及物动词或短语之后应该使用相应的介词。
She has a room to live in.她有一个房间住。
He has a child to take care of.他有一个孩子要照顾。
③有些名词接不定式作定语，可以省略介词，它们是place, reason, time, way等。
Is this the way to do it (in which/that it can be done)？这是做这件事情的方法吗？
You need a place to sleep (where/in which you can sleep).你需要一个睡觉的地方。
It is time to go to bed (at which/when/that we went to bed).到了上床睡觉的时候了。
④不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动词的宾语、双宾语动词的宾语，也可以是及物短语动词的宾语。
He found no good music to enjoy．他发现没有好音乐可欣赏。(music是及物动词found的宾语)
They brought her some clothes to wash．
他们带给她一些要洗的衣服。(clothes是双宾语动词brought的直接宾语)
She looked for some interesting novels to read．
她找了一些有趣的小说来阅读。(novels是短语动词looked for的宾语)
(3)同位关系
不定式跟中心词有同位关系。这类名词一般都只能用不定式作定语。
①某些由同源动词转变而来的名词，同源动词以不定式作宾语，同源名词则以不定式作定语，不定式跟中心词是同位关系。这样只能以不定式作定语的名词有：attempt, decision, desire, failure, freedom, inclination (倾向), obligation(义务), offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish等。
I have no wish to quarrel (＝don't wish to quarrel) with you.我并不希望跟你吵架。
Their decision to leave (＝That they decided to leave) was very annoying.他们离开的决定叫人心烦。
②某些以不定式作状语的形容词，派生转化为同源名词后，也可以用不定式作定语。不定式与这个名词中心词也是同位关系。在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。
Her anxiety to succeed led her to work hard.
她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
他能和人友好相处是他的主要优势。
(4)状语关系
被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的原因、方式、时间等。这些名词是抽象名词。
①修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，也可以使用介词接动名词的方式。这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式作定语，解释中心词的内容。这样的名词有ambition, campaign, chance, honor, mood, need, necessity, plan, opportunity, reason, right, time, way等。
Give me your reasons to go/for going there.
告诉我你去那儿的理由。
That's the way to do it.那样做才对。
I have no time to visit my friends.
我没有时间去拜访朋友。
②不及物动词加介词的不定式作定语，可以改成“介词＋whom/which＋to do”结构。
Please give me a seat to sit on/on which to sit.
请给我一个凳子坐坐。
He's looking for a place to live in/in which to live.
他在找住的地方。
2．不定式作结果状语
(1)不定式作结果状语往往表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总是在句末，而不能置于句首。如：
He turned round to see that Mary was crying.
他转过身来看到玛丽在哭。
My grandmother lived to be ninety.
我祖母活到九十岁。
One is never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
(2)不定式表示结果常用下列固定句型：
①too＋adj./adv.＋不定式
这种不定式所表示的是不能实现的结果，可以译成“太……而不能……”。
They also mean all the things too far away to see.
它们也指所有远得看不见的东西。
My little brother is too young to go to school.
我的弟弟太小了，不能上学。
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
他的视力太差，看不清这么小的字母。
注意：有时，too后为for加名词或代词，这时可把for短语看成是不定式的逻辑主语，句子含否定意义。如：
The coat is too small for me to wear.
这件上衣太小了，我不能穿。
This passage is too difficult for him to read.
这段话太难了，他读不懂。
②adj./adv.＋enough＋不定式
Nobody knew what to do, because there was nothing big enough to weigh it.
没有人知道该怎么办，因为没有什么东西大到足以称它的重量。
Their bones are not strong enough to hold up their body on land.它们的骨头不够结实，在陆地上支撑不住它们的身体。
He is strong enough to carry the box.
他很强壮，能搬动这个箱子。
The hall is not large enough for them to hold a meeting in.这个大厅不够大，他们不能在里面开会。
③such (...) as＋不定式
His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.
他的病还不足以令人焦虑。
He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others.
他是个蠢货，以为他喋喋不休的废话会影响别人。
The pain was such as to allow him no sleep.
疼痛那么剧烈使他不能入睡。
④so＋adj./adv.＋as＋不定式
The deer is so tall as to reach leaves in the tree.
鹿很高，能够到树上的叶子。
Would you be so kind as to help me
你能好心帮我一下吗？
Would you be so kind as to lend me your dictionary？
你能好心把词典借给我吗？
⑤不定式有时前面带only，在下列句子中也表示结果，通常表示一个未曾预料到的、不愉快的结果，可以换成“and (but)＋动词”。
He opened his eyes only to find (＝and found) himself lying in bed in a hospital.
他睁开眼睛却发现自己躺在医院的病床上。
—What has he done to make you so angry
他做了什么事让你这么生气？
—He lifted a rock only to drop (and dropped) it on his own feet.
他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
⑥just to do只表示结果，可以译为“只，仅，专门”。
I have come here just to see you.
我是专程来看你的。
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position ____________ (help) their adolescent children learn persistence.
2．Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability ____________ (walk) upright on two legs.
to help
to walk
3．It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time ____________ (visit) college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.
4．Do you want a room that's full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place ____________ (relax) after a long day
5．Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way __________ (keep) winter roads ice-free—by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
to visit
to relax
to keep
6．A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity ___________ (improve) their products.
7．I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance ____________ (write) them into a report so far.
8．After that, feeling the need ____________ (explore) further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.
9．I found the pre-holidays a good time __________ (encourage) young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.
to improve
to write
to explore
to encourage
10．The plum trees are the first ____________ (flower) even as the snow is melting.
11．Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right ____________ (go) through traffic lights when they are on red.
12．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ____________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
to flower
to go
to retire
13．What is the best way you can imagine ____________ (reduce) the overuse of water in our school
14．In many homes in the UK, the first person ____________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family.
15．We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest ____________(hold) in Shanghai next month.
16．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man __________ (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming.
to reduce
to wake
to be held
to win
17．In the “moon garden” onboard the Chang'e 4, the shoots of cotton marked the first live matter ever ____________ (grow) on the moon.
18．No offence, but I want to say that the driver is not the one ____________ (blame) for the accident.
19．It was officially reported that the first mammal __________ (clone) successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the Sheep.
20．The lecture ____________ (follow) will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.
to be grown
to blame
to be cloned
to follow
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human interesting stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.
When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after the flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.
The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread, and then the owner took the bread to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.
The store manager，Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是飓风哈维引发洪水后，面包店的员工继续烤面包来帮助他人。这一小小的举动却产生了重大影响。
1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey？(　　)
A．They volunteered to make bread for their community．
B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.
C．They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.
D．They ate nothing and waited for their community to rescue them.
答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容可知，飓风哈维引发洪水后，面包店的工作人员自愿为社区人们做面包。故选A项。
2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Fortunate. B．Hopeful.
C．Shallow. D．Desperate.
答案：D
解析：考查词义猜测。根据最后一段画线词后的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others”中的关键词 Instead可知，该句与前句构成转折关系，再由positive可推知画线词的意思是与之相反的，故D项“令人绝望的”符合语境。
3．What can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston
B．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster
C．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston
D．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane Harvey
答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference”可知，文章讲述的是飓风哈维引发洪水，但面包店的员工继续烤面包，以期帮助很多人，其善意的举动发挥了巨大作用。故D项符合文意。
B
Maggie had never experienced an earthquake before, only prepared for it. As long as she could remember, preparing for an earthquake was common practice at school. Her family as well had made plans in the event of a natural disaster. Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States.
Today Maggie was home alone. Maggie knew her mom would be driving home on the busy freeway, thinking about preparing supper for Maggie's dad. Maggie's dad would arrive at the airport. He was coming home from a two-week business trip.
Maggie arrived home from school at the regular time. She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard when she felt it. First just a tremor (微震), then the violent shaking. Maggie quickly ran under the large, wooden table in the dining room. The sounds of breaking glass and the crashes of many things were frightening. But the table remained undamaged, and Maggie hid herself in fear.
After what seemed like a century the earthquake appeared to be over. Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement. The smell of natural gas was present in the air.
Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was located. Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off. Slowly and carefully she came out from under the table. The once tidy home was now almost unrecognizable. As Maggie reached the open basement door she could see the steps were still in good condition. She carefully made her way down into the dark basement. While still on the steps she felt the water rising and rising. Suddenly Maggie felt a lot of pain as a large ceiling beam (梁) hit her head and shoulder.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。
4．What do we know about Maggie and her family？(　　)
A．They lived in an earthquake zone.
B．They seldom prepared for an earthquake.
C．They had experienced an earthquake before.
D．They got an earthquake warning that morning.
答案：A
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“preparing for an earthquake was common practice at school. Her family as well...Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States”可推知，防范地震在学校是常规，她的家人也制订了应对自然灾害的计划。地震在美国西海岸更为常见。由此推知Maggie和她的家人住在地震带。故选A项。
5．What was Maggie doing when the earthquake happened？(　　)
A．She was cleaning her home.
B．She was decorating her home.
C．She was looking for something to eat.
D．She was preparing supper for her family.
答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard when she felt it”可知，地震发生时，Maggie正从厨房的橱柜里拿饼干，即Maggie正在找吃的东西。故选C项。
6．Why did Maggie go to the basement？(　　)
A．To close the basement door.
B．To find some storage boxes.
C．To turn off the main water valve.
D．To check where the rising water came from.
答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段内容尤其是“Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was located. Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off”可知，Maggie去地下室是为了关闭主水阀。故选C项。
7．What's the text mainly about？(　　)
A．Maggie's first trip to the West Coast.
B．Maggie's first earthquake experience.
C．How Maggie survived a natural disaster.
D．How Maggie prepared for an earthquake.
答案：B
解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要描述了Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Light therapy is not the only treatment for jet lag (时差反应). There are other things you can do to feel less tired the next time you travel. Sleep experts at the medical website WebMD have these suggestions on how to fight jet lag.
1(____).
Several days before you travel, start moving your bedtime and hours for meals closer to the time you plan to eat and sleep on your trip.
Start making small changes while in flight
Change your watch when you get on the airplane. This is playing a trick on your mind. But it can help you to start thinking of the time at the other end of the flight. Try to sleep on the plane if it is nighttime in the place where you are going. 2(____).
Arrive early
If you are traveling for work or for a personal reason, try to arrive a few days early, if possible. 3(____).
Drink water
Drink lots of water before, during, and after your flight. 4(____). Alcohol and coffee can have a bad effect on your sleep.
Move around
5(____). But after you land, avoid heavy exercise near bedtime. Exercise near bedtime can delay sleep, whether on an overseas trip or at home.
If you travel, what are other tips you use to make it more enjoyable
A．Don't take too much baggage
B．Try to stay awake if it is daytime
C．It will contribute to your high spirits
D．Try changing your mealtime and sleep time before you go
E．During your flight, get up and walk around or stretch every so often
F．This will give your mind and body more time to adapt to the new hours
G．Avoid drinking alcohol or coffee a few hours before you plan to sleep
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了解决时差反应的方法。
1．答案：D
解析：本段的关键词为bedtime和hours for meals，根据关键词对比选项可知D项最为符合，故选D。
2．答案：B
解析：空前一句的表达形式同B项一致，均为Try to...if...形式，且B项中的daytime与空前一句中的nighttime相对应，故选B。
3．答案：F
解析：本段主要讲要早到，而F项中的This恰好承接上文，并且叙述了早到的好处，故选F。
4．答案：G
解析：根据小标题可知本段讲应该多喝水，空后提到了喝酒和喝咖啡的坏处，那么此空应该是不要喝酒或咖啡，故选G。
5．答案：E
解析：根据小标题以及空后的after you land可推断出，此空应该是讲在飞行过程中四处走动一下，故E选项符合语境。Section B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 飓风
2．____________ n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
3．____________ n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
4．____________ n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
5．____________ n. 全体职工；管理人员
vt. 在……工作，任职于
6．____________ n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
7．____________ n. 资金；基金
8．____________ n. 洪水，水灾；大量
vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
9．____________ adv. 在楼下，往楼下
n. 楼下
10．____________ n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
11．____________ n. (爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜
12．____________ adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→________ adj.震惊的；愤慨的→________ adj.令人震惊的，令人憎恶的
2．________ vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→________ adj.害怕的
3．________ n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→________ adj.有权势的；强有力的；健壮的；有强烈作用的
4．________ vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→________ n．捐赠物；捐助
5．________ adj.好奇的，奇特的→________ n．好奇心
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 停电
2．________________ 用完，耗尽
3．________________ 记下……
4．________________ 详细地
5．________________ 通读，查阅
6．________________ 立刻，马上
7．________________ 想要去做某事
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．飓风一定造成了许多损失和痛苦。
The hurricane ____________________________ a lot of damage and suffering.
2．这使她感到紧张。
It was ________________________________．
3．爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们的重要文件和避难物资装进一个袋子里。
Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, ________ Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动　vt.使震惊　shocking adj.令人震惊的，惹人憎恶的　shocked adj.惊愕的，震惊的
(1)be in a state of shock 惊魂未定/处于休克状态
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊(抽象名词具体化)
give sb. a shock 震惊某人
suffer from shock 陷入休克状态
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
It is a shock that... ……令人震惊。
(2)It shocks sb. to see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊
What shocks sb. most is that... 最令某人震惊的是……
It shocks sb. that... ……令某人震惊。
It shocks sb. to do sth. 做某事令某人震惊。
(3)be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊
be shocked to see/hear... 震惊地看到/听到……
be shocked that... 对……感到震惊
a piece of shocking news 一条令人震惊的消息
The news was a great shock, but she got over it soon.
那消息太令人震惊了，但她很快恢复了平静。
The shock of the earthquake was felt for miles.
几英里以外的人们都能感觉到地震。
The seniors in the nursing home are in a state of shock during the hurricane.
养老院的老人在飓风期间都处于震惊的状态。
The news that a typhoon would hit this region was a great shock to the residents here.
台风将袭击这一地区的消息对这里的居民来说是一个极大的震惊。
She was deeply hurt and shocked by what Smith had said.
史密斯的话深深地伤害了她，并使她感到吃惊。
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居那样对待孩子我很震惊。
The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
警示
shock用作名词时多用作不可数名词，但与不定冠词连用时表示“一件令人震惊的事”，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。
语境助记
This is shocking news. It has shocked everyone, and everyone is shocked at the news.这是令人震惊的消息，它震惊了每个人，每个人都对这个消息感到震惊。
All the people present at the meeting felt shocked at the decision announced by the manager.
出席会议的所有人都对经理宣布的决定感到震惊。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①We felt curious (as to) how she received the ________ (shock) news.
②It ________ (shock) us the moment we saw how the wildlife was badly treated.
③Jones was ________ (shock) when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
④His death was ________ great shock to the family.
⑤They were shocked ________ (learn) that the flight their son took crashed.
2 scare vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬；使害怕　vi.受惊吓；害怕　n．惊恐；恐慌
(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare/frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到害怕。
give sb. a scare 吓某人一跳
(2)scared adj. 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的
be scared/frightened/afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared/frightened to death 吓死
be scared that... 恐惧……；害怕……
(3)scary adj. 可怕的；恐怖的
a scary moment 恐怖的一刻
a scary movie 恐怖电影
The high price is scaring away possible buyers.
高昂的价格，把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。
The salesman scared the old lady into signing the paper by threatening to take away the goods.
推销员威胁要拿走货物，吓得那老妇人在单据上签了字。
The appearance of the fierce shark in the distance almost scared me to death.
远处凶猛的鲨鱼的出现几乎把我吓死了。
It scared me to think that I would spend the whole night in the valley alone.
一想到要在山谷里独自度过整晚，我就害怕。
There's been quite a scare about the possible side effects of this new drug.
这种新药可能产生的副作用造成了相当大的恐慌。
The sound of the explosion gave me quite a scare.
爆炸声把我吓了一大跳。
I'm certainly not scared of him.我当然不怕他。
联想拓展
表示“吓人的”形容词小结：
frightening吓人的
terrifying极其可怕的
terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears ________．
②When we are getting excited, angry or ________ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a ________ (scare) moment.
④It was a ________ adventure and we felt ________ at the thought of it.(scare)
⑤Many customers have been scared ________ buying organic food.
⑥The little girl was so scared ________ (see) the snake that she couldn't move.
3 power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量　vt.驱动，推动(机器或车辆)
a power failure/cut 停电
power supply 电力供应
a power plant 发电厂
wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能
be in power 执政
the power of speech 说话的能力
come into/to power 开始掌权/执政
take power 夺取政权
within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one's power 超出某人的能力/权力
powerful adj. 强大的，强有力的
Parts of our town have had power cuts because of the storms.
我们镇的部分地区由于暴风雨而停电了。
Solar power is known as an ideal energy.
太阳能被视为理想的能源。
I will make efforts to help you within my power.
我将尽我所能帮助你。
It is beyond my power to make profits in such a short time.
在这么短的时间里赚取利润不是我力所能及的。
China is a country where the people are in power.
中国是个人民掌权的国家。
The new president came into power last month.
新总统上个月开始执政。
It's said that this kind of battery could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge.
据说这种电池充电一次就能驱动电动汽车行驶600英里。
辨析比较　power, force, strength与energy
易混词 词义 形容词 举例
power 能力；权力；电力 powerful强大的 power station发电站
force 武力；暴力；部队 forceful使用武力的 by force通过武力
strength 体力；力气，也可指强项、长处 strong强壮的 with all her strength 用尽她全身的力气
energy 主要指能源或人的精力 energetic精力充沛的 be full of energy精力充沛
熟词生义
power vt.给……提供动力
power the aircraft给飞机提供动力
语境助记
The army officer, full of energy and great strength, finally took power by force．
这位军官精力充沛，力气巨大，终于以武力夺取了政权。
即学即练　判断下列句子中power的词性及含义/单句语法填空
①According to a recent survey, women are more likely than men to take on signs of unhappiness and anxiety when they are in a position of great power at work.________________
②The low cost is one reason why using geothermal (地热的) power should be the first choice for many countries.________________
③One day your pocket might power your smartphone. Soon you may never have to worry about your smartphone running out of power.________________
④Your beliefs are very ________ (power) and have the power ________ (create) your life.
⑤I'm afraid it's not ________ my power to get the work done in such a short time.
⑥I am sorry it's ________ my power to make a final decision on the project.
4 run out of用完，用光；从……流出；从……跑出
run out＝give out 用完(主语是物，无被动语态)
run out of 用完(主语为人，主动语态)
use up 用完(主语为人用主动语态，主语为物用被动语态)
We should buy some food in advance because our food will soon run out.
＝We should buy some food in advance because we are running out of our food.
我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃光了。
With my masks running out, I need to buy some.
＝With my masks used up, I need to buy some.
我的口罩用光了，我需要再买些。
The wine ran out of the barrel through a hole in its bottom.
葡萄酒从桶底的一个裂口处流了出来。
即学即练　判断下列句子中run out of的含义/选词填空：run out of/run out/use up/give out
①No sooner had they run out of the house than it fell down.________________
②So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing them all.________________
③With no rain for months and food supplies ________________， the situation there was getting from bad to worse.
④They ________________ their money and had to abandon the project.
⑤My money has ________________. I'd better go to the bank to draw some.
5 supply n．[pl.]补给品，补给　[U]供应；[C]供应量，储量　vt.(尤指大量)供应，供给，提供
(1)food/water/gas/electricity supply 食物/水/煤气/电供给
cut off the water supply 切断水源供应
be in short supply 供应短缺
a supply of 一批；许多
supplies of... ……的供应
supply and demand 供应与需求
(2) 向……提供某物
Supply exceeds demand.供过于求。
Demand exceeds supply.供不应求。
Our supplies were running out.我们的补给快用完了。
Because the supply of apples exceeds demand in the market, they have to be sold at a low price.
由于市场上苹果供过于求，它们只能低价出售了。
I've only got a week's supply of tablets left.
剩下的药片只够我一周的量了。
He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I was writing the report.我写报告时，他一直不停地给我续咖啡。
He offered to supply her with another ticket free of charge.
他主动为她免费提供另外一张票。
A company supplying heating oil to homes caught fire on Sunday.一家向住户提供取暖燃油的公司在星期日失火了。
辨析比较　supply/provide/offer
易混词 区别 搭配
supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意。 supply sb./sth. with sth. ＝supply sth. to sb./sth.
provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物，尤其是生活必需品。 provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb.
offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等。 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Every month, he still visits the same park to hand out clothes, food, and other ________ (supply) to people who are hungry or homeless.
②We offer an excellent education ________ our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
③The media supplies us ________ lots of information every day.
④Summer Company provides students ________ hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
⑤随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。
As the world's population continues to grow, ________________ becomes more and more of a concern.
⑥我们的供水被切断了，因为他们在修一条主管道。
Our ________________ has been cut off because they are repairing one of the main pipes.
6)donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠，赠送；献(血)，捐献(器官)　donation n．捐赠　donor n．捐赠者，捐赠机构
(1)donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某机构
donate money to a worthy cause 为有价值的事业捐款
donate some money to help the people in need捐一些钱来帮助有需要的人
donate blood 献血
(2)make a donation (of sth. to...) (向……)捐赠(某物)
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.我发现假期前是鼓励孩子们捐赠不常用物品的好时机，而且效果很好。
Before graduation, many students in our school donated their books to the school library for the students in lower grades to use.
毕业前夕，我们学校的许多学生把他们的书捐赠给学校图书馆供低年级学生使用。
Many people donated that type of blood to rescue the severely injured boy.
许多人献了那个血型的血来救那个严重受伤的男孩儿。
The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims.
这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。
特别提示
donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要用介词to构成donate sth. to sb./sth.。有类似用法的词还有：introduce, explain等。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys ________ a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
②The ________ refused to tell his name after ________ a large sum of money.(donate)
③An old man donated most of his money ________ the school damaged by the earthquake and he is highly respected for his ________ (donate).
7 go through通读，查阅；穿过，通过；经历；仔细察看，检查；(法律、合同等正式)通过
go through one's papers 仔细检查试卷
go through many difficulties 经历很多困难
go through a stage 经历某一时期
go through all one's savings 花光某人所有积蓄
(1)通读，查阅。为及物短语动词。相当于look through。
He has the habit of going through newspapers after getting up.
他有起床之后浏览报纸的习惯。
(2)穿过，通过。为及物短语动词。
The rope is too thick to go through the hole.
绳子太粗，穿不过这个孔。
(3)经历，遭受。为及物短语动词，相当于experience。
Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believe we can.
去经历那些似乎不可能做到的事情，去取得我们从不相信自己能取得的成就。
(4)仔细察看，检查，审查。为及物短语动词。相当于go over。
I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes.
如果你能仔细检查我的论文并作必要的修改，我将不胜感激。
(5)(法律、合同等正式)通过。为不及物短语动词。主语通常为物。
The plan went through at the meeting, which made us all quite happy.会议通过了这项计划，这使我们都非常高兴。
归纳拓展　(1)go构成的其他短语：
go ahead先走；开始做；请吧，说吧
go over复习；检查
go against违背；违反
go by(时间)过去；遵循
go down下降，下跌
go out出去；(灯、火)熄灭
go in for爱好；从事
(2)through构成的短语：
look through快速查看，浏览
see through看穿，识破
get through通过(考试等)；完成；(用电话)接通；(帮助某人)渡过(难关)
break through冲破，突破
即学即练　完成句子
①—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
Oh, dear! She must have ____________________ (经历了很多困难).
②As you ________________________ (浏览这本书), you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
③The mechanic ________________ (检查了发动机) but found nothing wrong.
8 flood n．洪水，水灾；大量　vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
(1)flood warnings 水灾警告
flood damage 洪涝灾害
cause floods 引发水灾
fight against floods 抗击洪水
be in flood (河水)泛滥
a flood of... 大量……
(2)flood in/into... 大量涌入(……)
flood back (感觉或回忆)突然涌现
flood out (洪水)迫使离开(家园)；淹没
flood out of sth. 从……蜂拥而出
flood...with... 把……大量送至……；使……充满……
be flooded with sth. 大量收到某物
The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.
暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。
The whole town was in flood after the heavy rain.
大雨过后，整个城镇都淹了水。
There was a flood of complaints about the bad language after the show.
演出结束后，对其语言之拙劣议论纷纷。
The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley.
河水冲破堤岸，淹没了山谷。
Application letters flooded in.
申请书像潮水般涌来。
Cheap plastic bowls and buckets flood (into) the market.
价格低廉的塑料碗和塑料桶充斥着市场。
语境助记
Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people.
数百人的捐款开始如潮水般涌来。
Most of the people who were flooded out during the storm have now returned home.
大多数在暴雨期间因洪水被迫离开的人现在已返回家园。
即学即练　完成句子
①The charity received ____________ (大量的) thankful telegrams and letters.
②Requests for information __________ (涌入) after the advertisement.
③The girl's eyes ________________ (充满) tears.
④Thousands of people ________________________ (被迫离开家园).
9 otherwise adv.否则，要不然；另外，除此之外
The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
I will try my best to do it. I would not make a promise otherwise.
我会尽全力去做的，否则我就不会作出承诺。
There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent.
楼上有些音乐声。除此以外，房子里静悄悄的。
This car is a little old, but otherwise it's in perfect condition.
这辆车有点旧了，但除此之外它状况良好。
拓展
·otherwise用于表示否定条件，指如果不做某事，就会发生不好的事，含告诫、威胁之意，语气强于or；
·or词义同otherwise，但语气较弱，多用于口语，也可与else合用。
·otherwise表示“否则，不然”时，其后的句子若与事实相反，则用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式：
能这样用的单词或短语还有without, but for, or, but等。
The alarm clock didn't go off. Otherwise, he wouldn't have got up late.
闹钟没有响，要不然他就不会起床晚了。
Without air, there would be no living things.
没有空气，便没有生物。
But for your help, I wouldn't have passed the exam.
如果没有你的帮助，我就不会通过考试。
特别提示
otherwise还常用于引起含蓄型虚拟语气句，表示如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一件事，该句谓语部分多用“would/could have done”。
搭配
otherwise known as又称，也叫
or otherwise或其反面，或相反
New York, otherwise known as “Big Apple” is a big city in America.
纽约，又称“大苹果”是美国一大城市。
Let's discuss the merits or otherwise of the method.
咱们讨论下这方法的优缺点。
语境助记
We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand.
当时我们不知道你遇到了麻烦，否则我们会帮助你的。
即学即练　判断下列句子中otherwise的含义
①—Do you have Betty's phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.________________
②They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.________________
10 curious adj.好奇的；奇特的；求知欲强的　curiosity n．好奇心　curiously adv.好奇地
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do 很想做/急于做/渴望做……
It is curious that... ……是奇怪的。
(2)arouse one's curiosity about... 唤起某人对……的好奇
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity (＝curiously) 好奇地
curiosity about sth./to do sth. 对/做……的好奇心
satisfy/meet one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth. 有做某事的好奇心
show curiosity about 对……显示出好奇
Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
对于你不该知道的事情别感到太好奇。
He was curious about how to make a toy.
他对怎样制作玩具感到好奇。
I'm curious to know how he can break down the complex sentence.
我很想知道他是如何分解这个复杂句子的。
It was curious that the cattle disappeared that afternoon.
奇怪的是，那天下午牛不见了。
语境助记
①She was curious about how the experts did it.她很好奇专家们是怎样做的。
②Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.
怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She watched ________ (curious) as I opened the box.
②I asked him about his age out ________ curiosity.
③We were curious ________ (know) where she had gone.
④I'm curious ________ what will happen next.
⑤We were burning with ________ (curious) to know what had happened.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering.
飓风一定造成了许多损失和痛苦。
[句式分析]　本句的谓语动词用的是must have done结构
must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。
must表示推测时常用结构：
must＋
You must be very tired after your long journey.
长途劳顿，你一定很累吧。
I can't find John in the classroom. He must be playing basketball on the playground.
我在教室里没找到约翰，他一定正在操场上打篮球。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
即学即练　完成句子
①—I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice.
—Oh, it ______________________ (肯定是我的弟弟), Peter.
②—Is Mr. Smith in
—There isn't any Mr. Smith here. You ____________________________ (肯定打错电话了).
③It's already 11 o'clock. He ____________________ (一定在睡觉) now.
2 (教材原句)It was making her nervous．这使她感到紧张。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句，make her nervous为“make＋宾语＋形容词”结构，形容词nervous在此作宾补。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
make在此作使役动词，意为“使……”，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾补常用形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。注意：make后的宾补不能用现在分词。具体用法如下：
(1)make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使……变得……”。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
(2)make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……”，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则其前不用冠词。
Most singers make music their career.
很多歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
We made him leader of our team.
我们让他当队长。
(3)make＋名词/代词＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“使某人/某物做某事”。注意：该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
What he said made all of us laugh.→(被动语态)All of us were made to laugh by what he said.
他的话让我们都笑起来。
My legs just weren't made to run like his.
我的腿就是不像他那样能跑。
(4)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”，构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.
我的德语不太好，但我能清楚地表达自己的意思。
特别提示
当宾语是不定式(的复合结构)或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置，即构成“make＋it＋宾补
(＋for sb.)＋不定式/从句”。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。
The man made it clear that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Love is what makes you ________ (smile) when you are tired.
②It's too noisy. I can't make my voice ________ (hear).
③The little girl was made ________ (stay) at home alone when her parents left home.
④He made his plan ________ (know) to the whole class.
⑤The present financial situation has made ________ more urgent than ever for this company to change its development model.
3 (教材原句)Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们的重要文件和避难物资装进一个袋子里。
[句式分析]　while可用作并列连词，表示对比或相反，意为“然而，而”，放在两个分句之间。
while的用法总结
(1)while可作并列连词，连接前后两个并列分句，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
My shabby house was greatly damaged in the typhoon while the high buildings were still in good condition.
我那破旧的房子在台风中遭到了严重的破坏，而那些高楼仍然完好无损。
(2)while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
(3)while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”，常常放于句首。
While I admit advantages, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，我还是能看到他的缺点。
(4)只要
While there's life there is hope.只要活着就有希望。
特别提示
while“在……期间，当……时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词，此时它等同于when。
While/When he was in Paris, he developed a taste for art.
在巴黎期间，他培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She lives on the ground floor, ________ he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
②________ I am willing to help, I do not have much time.
③In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, ________ in others, knives and forks.
④My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, ____________________________ (而我自己有很多事要做).
⑤____________________________ (虽然我承认这个问题很难), I don't agree that it cannot be solved.
4（教材原句）Floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall.
洪水并不总是由强降雨引起的。
[句式分析]　(1)总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, everywhere, always, altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Both of them are not reliable.＝Not both of them are reliable.
他们两个人并非都可靠。
(2)全部否定：none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等表示全部否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示全部否定。
None of my friends came.
我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
Not every student goes home on Sunday.
并非每个学生星期天都回家。
In school, all student don't study hard.＝Not all students study hard in school.
在学校里，并非所有的学生都努力学习。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We've got two TV sets, but ________ works properly.
②That was why ________ of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the crosscountry team.
③A smile costs ________， but gives much.
④森林的底层并不像电影里那样全是杂乱的树叶和灌木丛，而是相当干净的。
The ground floor of the forest is ________ tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear.
⑤我父母并不总是支持我的决定。
My parents are ________ in favour of my decision.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We all think his mother will be ________ (震惊的) upon hearing his great economic losses.
2．“Do not be ________ (害怕的) to make mistakes and do not ignore your responsibilities，” the senior often warns the young man.
3．He has lost the ________ (能力) of speech entirely. That's to say, he can't speak any longer.
4．This organization has won a contract to ________ (提供) books and materials to the school.
5．You need to know that every time you ________ (捐赠) clothes, nuts, toys or books to the poor children, you are helping others.
6．He has donated all his money to the ________ (慈善机构), which is of course a non-profit organization.
7．The majority of the ________ (全体职员) working in the organization are volunteers.
8．From nowhere came a loud crash, which frightened him as white as a ________ (纸张).
9．Many homeless people ________ (涌进) into the shelter due to the war.
10．There is a branch company ________ (楼下).
11．This ________ (文件) will be circulated (传阅) to all members of the committee.
12．My parents lent me much money. Thus, I bought so expensive a car. ________ (否则) I couldn't have afforded it.
13．________ (好奇的) tourists and reporters from around the globe are flooding into the peaceful but mysterious villages.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The media have broadcast the news ____________ saying that we will have another good harvest year in agriculture.
2．As we all know, mankind has ____________ many complex evolutions before it becomes what it is now.
3．As was expected, the sudden appearance of the shark ________ all the fish ________ there.
4．Online addiction has harmed him greatly, but it is ____________ to get rid of it.
5．He ____________ the gas in the car, so the car broke down halfway.
6．Food and fresh water are ____________ in the flood-stricken region.
7．The businessman ____________ masses of clothes, food and money ____________ the local charity.
8．The article published on the journal ____________ the serious problem of starvation on the African continent.
9．As ________ of this company, what you should do is to observe the rules and devote yourself to making it better.
10．They ____________ a charity after the disaster.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．“When we walked into that room, she was obviously ________ (shock)，” the photographer said.
2．Seeing a fierce tiger, the deer was almost ________ (scare) to half death and ran away as quickly as possible.
3．In the face of ________ (power) natural disasters, mankind looks very small.
4．It is illegal for public officials to get money or gifts by supplying favors ________ somebody else.
5．The young man always supplies neighboring communities ________ gas.
6．Pictures of starving children in poverty have led many people to make a ________ (donate) of money.
7．He explained the process of the experiment ________ great detail.
8．The deal did not go ________ because of the protest of the local people.
9．My progress in reading raised my ________ (curious), and I wanted to know everything.
10．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must ________ (practise) many times last week.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．有一天我在去叔叔家的途中由于大雾迷路了。(on the way to, due to)
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2．所有人看到那高耸入云的黑烟时都吓坏了。他们担心这是加油站爆炸引起的。(It shocks sb. to do sth., towering, gas)
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3．骗子经常吓唬一些老年人转钱给他们，说他们的孩子出车祸受伤在医院治疗。(scare sb. into doing sth., injured)
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4．他上台时，承诺让居民过上更好的日子是他的职责。从那时起，他致力于改善当地经济。(come to power, resident, duty, devote)
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5．那位工程师详细地介绍了这种产品的生产过程，这唤起了我对这个领域的兴趣。(go into detail, process, awake)
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6．大量劣质的塑料碗和桶涌入市场，这绝对会损害人的健康。(mass, flood into, harm)
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7．履行诺言是很重要的；否则空洞的承诺只会损害我们的名声。(live up to, otherwise, damage)
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8．既然你们中的许多人打算在大学学习，甚至出国留学，你们可能很想知道典型的大学生活是什么样的。(overseas, curious, typical)
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语法精讲②
1．不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词(也叫中心词)。动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。
(1)主谓关系
不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行的。可以改成定语从句。
①不定式可用来修饰人。
He is a man to finish his task best.
他是任务完成得最好的人。
→He is a man who has finished his task best.
He was a brave man to admit what he had done.
他是个敢做敢当的勇敢之人。
→He was a brave man who could admit what he had done.
②不定式可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。
The next train to arrive was from New York.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
→The next train which would arrive was from New York.
The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.
下个月将在北京召开的世界数学大会一定会取得圆满成功。
→The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.
(2)动宾关系
不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系，可改成定语从句。跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for sb./sth.指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。
①及物动词不定式：动词不定式直接放在所修饰的中心词之后。
Do you have anything to say (that you will say)？你有什么要说的吗？
This is a delicious cake for you to eat (which you can eat).这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。
②不及物动词不定式：由于不定式跟中心词有动宾关系，因此不及物动词或短语之后应该使用相应的介词。
She has a room to live in.她有一个房间住。
He has a child to take care of.他有一个孩子要照顾。
③有些名词接不定式作定语，可以省略介词，它们是place, reason, time, way等。
Is this the way to do it (in which/that it can be done)？这是做这件事情的方法吗？
You need a place to sleep (where/in which you can sleep).你需要一个睡觉的地方。
It is time to go to bed (at which/when/that we went to bed).到了上床睡觉的时候了。
④不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动词的宾语、双宾语动词的宾语，也可以是及物短语动词的宾语。
He found no good music to enjoy．他发现没有好音乐可欣赏。(music是及物动词found的宾语)
They brought her some clothes to wash．
他们带给她一些要洗的衣服。(clothes是双宾语动词brought的直接宾语)
She looked for some interesting novels to read．
她找了一些有趣的小说来阅读。(novels是短语动词looked for的宾语)
(3)同位关系
不定式跟中心词有同位关系。这类名词一般都只能用不定式作定语。
①某些由同源动词转变而来的名词，同源动词以不定式作宾语，同源名词则以不定式作定语，不定式跟中心词是同位关系。这样只能以不定式作定语的名词有：attempt, decision, desire, failure, freedom, inclination (倾向), obligation(义务), offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish等。
I have no wish to quarrel (＝don't wish to quarrel) with you.我并不希望跟你吵架。
Their decision to leave (＝That they decided to leave) was very annoying.他们离开的决定叫人心烦。
②某些以不定式作状语的形容词，派生转化为同源名词后，也可以用不定式作定语。不定式与这个名词中心词也是同位关系。在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。
Her anxiety to succeed led her to work hard.
她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
他能和人友好相处是他的主要优势。
(4)状语关系
被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的原因、方式、时间等。这些名词是抽象名词。
①修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，也可以使用介词接动名词的方式。这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式作定语，解释中心词的内容。这样的名词有ambition, campaign, chance, honor, mood, need, necessity, plan, opportunity, reason, right, time, way等。
Give me your reasons to go/for going there.
告诉我你去那儿的理由。
That's the way to do it.那样做才对。
I have no time to visit my friends.
我没有时间去拜访朋友。
②不及物动词加介词的不定式作定语，可以改成“介词＋whom/which＋to do”结构。
Please give me a seat to sit on/on which to sit.
请给我一个凳子坐坐。
He's looking for a place to live in/in which to live.
他在找住的地方。
2．不定式作结果状语
(1)不定式作结果状语往往表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总是在句末，而不能置于句首。如：
He turned round to see that Mary was crying.
他转过身来看到玛丽在哭。
My grandmother lived to be ninety.
我祖母活到九十岁。
One is never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
(2)不定式表示结果常用下列固定句型：
①too＋adj./adv.＋不定式
这种不定式所表示的是不能实现的结果，可以译成“太……而不能……”。
They also mean all the things too far away to see.
它们也指所有远得看不见的东西。
My little brother is too young to go to school.
我的弟弟太小了，不能上学。
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
他的视力太差，看不清这么小的字母。
注意：有时，too后为for加名词或代词，这时可把for短语看成是不定式的逻辑主语，句子含否定意义。如：
The coat is too small for me to wear.
这件上衣太小了，我不能穿。
This passage is too difficult for him to read.
这段话太难了，他读不懂。
②adj./adv.＋enough＋不定式
Nobody knew what to do, because there was nothing big enough to weigh it.
没有人知道该怎么办，因为没有什么东西大到足以称它的重量。
Their bones are not strong enough to hold up their body on land.它们的骨头不够结实，在陆地上支撑不住它们的身体。
He is strong enough to carry the box.
他很强壮，能搬动这个箱子。
The hall is not large enough for them to hold a meeting in.这个大厅不够大，他们不能在里面开会。
③such (...) as＋不定式
His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.
他的病还不足以令人焦虑。
He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others.
他是个蠢货，以为他喋喋不休的废话会影响别人。
The pain was such as to allow him no sleep.
疼痛那么剧烈使他不能入睡。
④so＋adj./adv.＋as＋不定式
The deer is so tall as to reach leaves in the tree.
鹿很高，能够到树上的叶子。
Would you be so kind as to help me
你能好心帮我一下吗？
Would you be so kind as to lend me your dictionary？你能好心把词典借给我吗？
⑤不定式有时前面带only，在下列句子中也表示结果，通常表示一个未曾预料到的、不愉快的结果，可以换成“and (but)＋动词”。
He opened his eyes only to find (＝and found) himself lying in bed in a hospital.
他睁开眼睛却发现自己躺在医院的病床上。
—What has he done to make you so angry
他做了什么事让你这么生气？
—He lifted a rock only to drop (and dropped) it on his own feet.
他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
⑥just to do只表示结果，可以译为“只，仅，专门”。
I have come here just to see you.
我是专程来看你的。
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position ____________ (help) their adolescent children learn persistence.
2．Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability ____________ (walk) upright on two legs.
3．It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time ____________ (visit) college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.
4．Do you want a room that's full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place ____________ (relax) after a long day
5．Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way __________ (keep) winter roads ice-free—by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
6．A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity ____________ (improve) their products.
7．I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance ____________ (write) them into a report so far.
8．After that, feeling the need ____________ (explore) further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.
9．I found the pre-holidays a good time __________ (encourage) young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.
10．The plum trees are the first ____________ (flower) even as the snow is melting.
11．Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right ____________ (go) through traffic lights when they are on red.
12．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ____________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
13．What is the best way you can imagine ____________ (reduce) the overuse of water in our school
14．In many homes in the UK, the first person ____________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family.
15．We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest ____________(hold) in Shanghai next month.
16．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man __________ (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming.
17．In the “moon garden” onboard the Chang'e 4, the shoots of cotton marked the first live matter ever ____________ (grow) on the moon.
18．No offence, but I want to say that the driver is not the one ____________ (blame) for the accident.
19．It was officially reported that the first mammal __________ (clone) successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the Sheep.
20．The lecture ____________ (follow) will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（五）
Section B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．hurricane　2.conference　3.supply　4.charity　5.staff　6.slide　7.fund　8.flood　9.downstairs　10.document 11．honey　12.otherwise
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．shock; shocked; shocking　2.scare; scared　3.power; powerful　4.donate; donation　5.curious; curiosity
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．power failure　2.run out of　3.take notes of...　4.in detail　5.go through　6.right away　7.be curious to do sth.
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．must have caused　2.making her nervous　3.while
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①shocking　②shocked　③shocked　④a　⑤to learn
2．①off　②scared　③scary　④scary; scared　⑤into　⑥to see
3．①n.权力　②n.能量　③vt.驱动；n.电，电力　④powerful; to create　⑤within　⑥beyond
4．①从……跑出　②用完，耗尽　③running out/giving out/used up　④ran out of/used up　⑤run out/given out/been used up
5．①supplies　②to　③with　④with　⑤the supply of food　⑥water supply
6．①to　②donor; donating　③to; donation
7．①gone through a lot of difficulties　②go through this book ③went over/through the engine
8．①a flood of　②flooded in　③were flooded with　④were flooded out
9．①否则，要不然　②除此以外
10．①curiously　②of　③to know　④about　⑤curiosity
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①must have been my brother　②must have dialed the wrong number　③must be sleeping
2．①smile　②heard　③to stay　④known　⑤it
3．①while　②While/Although/Though　③while　④while I had plenty to do myself　⑤While/Although/Though I admit the problem is difficult
4．①neither　②none　③nothing　④not all　⑤not always
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shocked　2.scared　3.power　4.supply　5.donate 6．charity　7.staff　8.sheet　9.flooded　10.downstairs 11．document　12.Otherwise　13.Curious
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．in detail　2.gone through　3.scared; away/off　4.beyond his power　5.ran out of　6.in short supply　7.donated; to　8.referred to　9.a member of staff　10.raised funds for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．shocked　2.scared　3.powerful　4.to　5.with 6．donation　7.in　8.through　9.curiosity 10．have practised
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．One day I was lost on the way to my uncle's home due to the thick fog.
2．It shocked everyone to see the towering black smoke. They were worried that it had resulted from the explosion of the gas station.
3．Cheats often scare some old people into transferring money to them, saying that their children have been injured in a car accident and are being treated in the hospital.
4．When he came to power, he promised that it was his duty to make life better for residents. Since then, he has devoted himself to improving the local economy.
5．The engineer went into detail about the production process of this product, which awoke my interest in this field.
6．Masses of plastic bowls and buckets of poor quality have flooded into market, which absolutely harm people's health.
7．It is of great importance to live up to our promises; otherwise empty promises would only damage our fame.
8．Since many of you are planning to study at university, or even study overseas, you may be curious to know what a typical college life is like.
语法精讲②　不定式作定语和结果状语
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
1．to help　2.to walk　3.to visit　4.to relax　5.to keep 6．to improve　7.to write　8.to explore　9.to encourage　10.to flower　11.to go　12.to retire　13.to reduce 14．to wake　15.to be held　16.to win　17.to be grown 18．to blame　19.to be cloned　20.to follow
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